Middle English Dictionary Entry
hert n.
Entry Info
Forms | hert n. Also hērt, hart, heort & (early) hort, hært & (in place names) hurt-, heord-, herth-. Pl. hertes, etc. & (early) heorten. |
Etymology | OE heorot |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A male of the red deer (Cervus elephas), a hart; also, the female; she ~; (b) hunt. ~ of ten, ~ at the first hed, a hart having ten tines in all on his antlers, a hart in his sixth year; ~ of grese, a fat hart [see grese n. 2.]; ~ resigne, a hart thirty-two years old; gret ~, a full-grown hart [see gret adj. 1b.]; stag of an ~, ?a hart in his fifth year; (c) fig. a person likened to a hart; (d) a painting, carving, etc., of a hart; a heraldic representation; ~ hed, a representation of a hart's head; ~ of the hop, an inn with the sign of a hart in a hoop; (e) in cpds. & cmbs.: ~ calf, the young of a hart; ~ hed; ~ heued, of the color of a hart; ~ horn, ~ hound, ~ huntere, ~ huntinge, ~ skin, ~ taloue; hertes hide, hertes lether, hertes marwe; hertes smere, lard or grease from a hart.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(OE) Wor.Aelfric Gloss.(Wor F.174)543/41 : Ceruus: heort.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)306 : Heo funden ane heorde of heorten [Otho: heortes] swiðe greate.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8107 : Islaȝene weoren to þon mele..þritti hundred hærtes [Otho: heortes].
- c1230(?a1200) Ancr.(Corp-C 402)203/8 : Asaeles swiftschipe þe straf wið heortes of urn.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)218 : Ðe hert haueð kindes two.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)256/6 : A swyþe fair heort he i-saiȝ, and þare-after faste he drouȝ.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1872 : Huwe rauen þat dine herde..And þider drof al so an hert.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)242 : As he wolde ssete an hert..To deþe he sset his owe fader.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)216/30 : Þe fole wyfman þet guoþ..ase herte ine launde.
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)41.1 : As þe hert de-siret to þe welles of waters.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3447 : Many a wilde hertes blood she shedde With arwes brode.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.12.15 : Sle & eet..oþer vnclene..oþer clene..as capered & hert.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.159 : Som hatte Garamantes and som Troglodyte, and beeþ swifter þan hertes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)280a/b : The hert is contrary to serpentes..And the hert lyueþ most longe tyme, passynge an hundred ȝere.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)689 : A rugged colt..Jt had a croupe so an hert [LinI: heort].
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)15 : Þei be wondere perilous beestis, for with grete payne a man shal rekeuere þat is hurt wiþ an herte..aftir þe boor þe leche and aftere þe hert þe boor.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)105/17 : All maner of wylde bestez of wenery, as hertez and hyndez, bukk and da, and rae, and many oþer.
- ?a1440 Hortus (Brist-U)259 : Cerua: a she hert.
- c1450 Lydg.SSecr.Ctn.(Sln 2464)2299 : [Man is] hardy as an hert in forest which doth fare.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)106/30 : Telle hym..how thou arte overcom by the knyght that went in the queste of the whyght harte.
- a1475 Gawain & CC (Brog 2.1)111 : The der cam reykynge on a rowe, Bothe hert and eke heynde.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)61a : A harte: Ceruus, Ceruulus, Cerua, Ceruula.
- a1500 Terms Assoc.(3) (Lamb 306)233 : An hartt is herbrowed.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.157 : The riall hert, the conyng, and the ro.
b
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1750 : Gyrfacouns y-muwed & white stedes & hertes of gresse y wene.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)262/74 : Placidaci [read: placidas]..sauh þis grete hert Ilope so heih þat of his lupe ferly hym þouht.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2299 : The gret hert anon was founde.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)18 : Þe first yere..þei ben called a Calf, þe secounde yeer a bulloke..þe iii yere a broket, þe iiii yere a staggard, þe v yere a stag, þe vi yere an hert of x, and þan at arst is he schaceable.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)74 : He may answere þt it is an hert chaceable of x..if he se þat þe forsaid signes ben gretter and brodder he may saye þat it is a greet heert and an olde.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)78 : Whan an hert bereþ as many tyndes in þat oon side as in þat oþer..if he be but fourched..he is an hert of x.
- c1415 Chaucer CT.Sq.(Corp-O 198)F.347 head. : The Stag of an hert.
- c1425 Twiti Venery(1) (Vsp B.12)151 : Now wyl we speke of the hert, and speke we of his degres, that is to say, the fyrst yere he is a calfe..the vj yere a hert at the fyrst hed..when he goth wexyng tyl he come to xxxij yere, than is he callyd an hert resygne, for cause his hed aftir that tyme wexith no furthere.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)14/24 : Þay mett..a grete hert þe whilke Alexander bad his men sla wit arowes.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)137/4 : Kynge Arthure..folowed a grete harte.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)780/4 : Sir Trystram was ryddyn into the same foreyste to chace an harte of grece.
- (1473) RParl.6.98b : Oure Graunte..of a Tonne Wyne, and a Stagge of an Hert.
- a1500 Eglam.(Cmb Ff.2.38)299 : Then had syr Egyllamowre don to dedd A grete herte, and tan the hedd.
c
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Gen.49.21 : Neptalim þe hert sent out & ȝeuing þe speches of feyrnes.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.234 : He þat is ferd and fleeþ wiþ-outen need, An hart þou myght hym calle.
d
- (1422-24) Will York in Sur.Soc.4405 : j lectus de albo worsted cum herthedys intextis.
- (1447) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 11117 : Item., ij frontell, oon of blew Sylk cu white harttys.
- c1453(c1437) Brut-1436 (Hrl 53)544/25 : Which castell Kyng Richard had riolly repeirit, and made with hertes of frestone betwene ich lope, with crownes and cheynes about theire nekkes.
- (a1460) Badge York in Archaeol.17 (Dgb 82)227 : The Bages that he beryth by Kyng Richard ys a whyte Herte and the Sonne shyning.
- c1460 I warne you (Dub 432)p.293 : The Grehound and the Hertes Hede, thei quyt hem wele that day.
- (c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.5 (Hrl 2169)190 : [Silver a fesse gules between three] herttys all sabyll hedys and all..Sylvyr iij herttys hedys all sabyll.
- (1463) Will Bury in Camd.4931 : Except a part of the gardeyn wiche I assigne to the hert of the hop.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)286 : Eke sche ded make hertis of silvyr, and gave hem aboute.
- (1471) Will York in Sur.Soc.45192 : Lego..xij cocliaria argenti optima, optimam pelvim argenti cum signo le white harte.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.4 : Of ȝoure large leuerey..That ȝe so goodliche ȝaf..As hertis y-heedyd and hornyd of kynde.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)2.36 : Þo þat had hertis on hie on her brestis..bare adoun þe pouere Liages.
e
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)116.94/2 : Nim þas wyrt & bettanican & hortes smere oþ[þe] þat marh & ecede tosomne, & leȝe to þara wunda.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)21/11 : Nim sumne dæl of heortes hyde and anne niwne croccan.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)281a/a : Take hert hornes þat beþ harde and sounde with Inne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)288a/b : The hert Calf hatte hynnulus and is þe hertes sone.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)60 : The other maner houndes the whiche men clepethe byyonde the see hert houndes.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)73 : This woord quest is a terme of hert hunters by younde þe see.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)83 : Þe gromys þat higheten chacechiens bryng with hem þe hert howndis.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)99 : It shuld neuer be iblowe at þe hert huntyng to þe deer be on þat on side.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)101 : Oþer wise shuld not the hert hunter strake fro þen forþ til þei go to bedde.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)38b/a : Þat which so euer..in mollifieng may evapoure..as hertes marowe.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)238 : Hertys lethyr [Win: Herthys leyre]: Nebris.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)4.828 : The walnyed is good..Is fyn colour, the falow and herthued.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)661 : Hertys hydes and other hydes of venerye..is here chaffare.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)1313 : Al was doon, For that tyme, the hert-huntyng.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)487/17 : Sho..chargid þaim in hur blissyng þat onone as sho war dead þai sulde sew hur in a harte-skyn.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)251/13 : Put þer-to..schepis-talowu and hert-talow.
- c1460 Ipom.(3) (Lngl 257)326/10 : Ipomedon..broght into the hall thre grettest hart heides that euer they see.
- (1467-8) RParl.5.600a : To Thomas Wintreshull Squier, keper of our Herthounds.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)61a : A harthorne: Brunda, cornu cerui..a Hartshyne [Monson: Hartskyn]: nembris.
2.
(a) In place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.244]; (b) in surnames.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1100) in Wallenberg PNKent249 : Heordlyp.
- (1130) EPNSoc.15 (Hrt.)225 : Heortford.
- (1166) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)151 : Hertle.
- (1166) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.103 : Hertelawa.
- (1200) in Ekwall PNLan.29 : Hertesheued.
- (1200) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.104 : Hertelpole.
- (1207-25) in Wallenberg PNKent249 : Hertleppe.
- (c1270) EPNSoc.11 (Sur.)197 : Hurtemere.
- (1272) EPNSoc.27 (Der.)108 : Hurthull. Harthull.
- (a1300) EPNSoc.33 (West Riding Yks.)239 : Herthegard.
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (LdMisc 108)34 : Leycestre-schire, lincolne-schire, and þe schire of hert-ford.
- (1377) EPNSoc.9 (Dev.)529 : Hurtetorre.
- (1436) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.104 : Hartwayton.
- (1453) EPNSoc.33 (West Riding Yks.)239 : Hartgarthrane.
- (1457) EPNSoc.34 (West Riding Yks.)146 : Hartwith.
b
- (1188) in Pipe R.Soc.38207 : Osbertus Hert, forestarius.
- (1207) Fine R.King John384 : Martinus de Hertleg.
- (1297) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 16134 : Adam Hert.
- (1313) Sub.R.Bristol(1) in BGAS 19249 : Johannes le Hert.
- (1327) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames113 : Rob. atte Hurteputte.
- (1334) Pat.R.Edw.III582 : John Hertheved.
- (1340) in Löfvenberg ME Local Surnames113 : Will. Ate Hortle.
- (1346) Feudal Aids 593 : Andreas Hert.