Middle English Dictionary Entry
hauk n.(1)
Entry Info
Forms | hauk n.(1) Also haucke, haweck, havke, ak & havek, havec(k, havoc & (early) hafek, hafvek, hævek, heavek, hevek. Pl. haukes, havekes, etc. & (early) haveken, etc. |
Etymology | OE; WS hafoc, Merc. heafuc. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A hawk or falcon; esp., any of the falcons used in hawking; (b) haukes and houndes, hound(es and hauk(es, hawks and hounds; -- as a symbol of wealth and cultivated leisure; (c) beren ~, to carry a hunting hawk on one's fist; ~ on hond, with ~ on (upon) hond; cast of haukes, a group of hawks or falcons; ~ for the heroun (rivere), a hawk trained to fly at the heron (at waterfowl); ~ of the tour, one of the long-winged hawks, a soaring falcon; meued ~, a hawk after the first moulting; sour ~, a hawk before the first moulting; (d) in proverbs and proverbial expressions; (e) a representation of a hawk; (f) a kind of thrust or maneuver in fencing; ~ quarter.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)20167 : Him halded after hauekes swifte.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)24635 : Þa wes inne Kairliune..of horsen and of hafueken.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)271 : Ich habbe bile stif & stronge & gode cliuers..So hit bicumeþ to hauekes cunne.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)303 : Wenestu þat haueck bo þe worse.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)664 : Ðe culuer..is wis of heuekes come.
- (1300) Court R.Lond.128 : Anglica lingua, simpliciter unum hauek.
- a1350 Dream Bk.(1) (Hrl 2253)167 : Ȝef þou sist þyn hauek flen, in ioie þou shalt weole ysen.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)300 : Þer com a schip of norway..Wiþ haukes white and gray.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)3336 : As hauk þat fleyþe his hors gan gon.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Bod 959)Deut.14.15 : Vnclene ete ȝe not..a coote & an hauke [L accipitrem] after his kynde, [etc.].
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2204 : What haukes sitten on the perche aboue.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)595 : Nas þer ȝong mon ne old þat ȝernloker wrouȝte Þen Eualac and Seraphe..Also fresch as þe hauk, freschore þat tyme.
- (1391) Acc.Exped.Der.in Camd.n.s.52107/12 : Duobus Prucianis presentantibus dominum cum iiij haukes.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sum.(Manly-Rickert)D.1938 : Therfore, right as an hauk vp at a sours Vp spryngeth into theyr, right so prayeres, [etc.].
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)537 : Hernez and havekez to þe hyȝe rochez, þe hole-foted fowle to þe flod hyȝez.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)66 : Anoþer maner of houndes þer is that byn clepid houndis for þe hauke and spaynels..þe alauntez and þe houndes for þe hauke commen out of Spayn.
- a1425(a1349) Rolle MPass.(2) (Upps C.494)43/29 : As a dowfe pursued of an hawke, ȝif she may cacche an hole of hir house, she is siker I-nowȝ.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Job 39.13 : The fethere of an ostriche is lijk the fetheris of a gerfaweun, and of an hauk.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)230 : Hawke: Falco.
- c1450 In a noon (Lamb 853)21 : I leete myn hauke & feysaunt fare; Mi spaynel fil doun to my knee.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)139/10 : The fawkner often tymes leseth hys hawkes.
- (1472) Paston (Gairdner)5.152 : Ther is a grosser dwellyng ryght over ayenst the well with ij boketts a lytyll fro Seynt Elens, hathe evyr hawkys to sell.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)61b : A havke [Monson: an Hawke]: Alietus, Aspernarius [Monson: asperuarius], nisus.
- (1479) Let.Cely (PRO S.C.1 59/11)p.66 (75/4) : Your man wyth your akys com sowre seyk to Calles, and sow my ostys keped hyme a day and a nyght, and thyne we herd ij womon in the towne and the keped hyme at anoder howsse in the towne, and sow he ys deyd and theparded to God, God haue marsse on ys sowlle.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)493 : Yf thow get hawkys of gret valew, Bryng on of them to me.
b
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)49 : Riche men..habbeð..feire hors and feire claþes, heauekes and hundes, castles and tunes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)14480 : Þenne mihte þu mid winne þi lif al uor-werien mid haueken & mid hunden.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)22397 : Þa hæuekes & þa hundes..ich bitache þe to honde.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)22585 : Hundes & hafekes.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)179 : Louerdinges struien þe wrecche men..and habbeð of here swinche hundes and hauekes and hors and wepnes.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)69/19 : Ac gleues and skentinges and hundes and hauekes..Ȝe willen bliðeliche isien and ȝehieren.
- ?a1300 Maximian (Dgb 86)105 : Ne gladieþ me no song, Ne gomen of haueke ne of hounde.
- ?a1300 Sayings St.Bern.(Dgb 86)762/15 : Were is þat lawing and that song..þo hauekes and þo houndes? Al þat ioye is went away.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)249 : Pley he siwede of hauekus and of houndes [Corp-C: of hondes and of haukes] I-nouȝ.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)5571 : Tuenty pound of golde ech of hom bere..& hauekes & houndes as mony as he wolde.
- a1400(a1325) Glo.Chron.B (Trin-C R.4.26)813/232 : Hound and hauek [vrr. hauke, hawkes] he louede.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)4.125 : Her haukes and her houndes helpe to pore Religious.
- ?c1430(?1383) Wycl.Curse (Corp-C 296)320 : Þe ende for whiche þei ben þus robbid is many tymes to fynde haukis and houndis..to hie prestis.
- c1440(a1350) Isumb.(Thrn)68 : His hawkes and his howndis bothe Wente to the wode.
- a1500(?a1425) Ipom.(2) (Hrl 2252)258/61 : He taught hym..Bothe of howndis & haukis game.
c
- ?a1300 Sayings St.Bern.(Dgb 86)761/1 : Uuere beþ þey biforen vs weren, Houndes ladden and hauekes beren.
- a1350 Sayings St.Bern.(Hrl 2253)122 : Lordes, ledyes, þat hauekes bere.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)3 : That havkyng with gentil houndis, haukes for þe heroun and the Reuere be noble.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)67 : But ȝif I had a goshauke or facoun or haukes for the Ryuere.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.65 : This Troilus..With hauk on honde, and with an huge route Of knyghtes, rood and did hire companye.
- a1450 Terms Assoc.(1) (Rwl D.328)603 : A caste of haukys of the toure.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)111 : The firste was..A hathelle on ane heghe horse with hauke appon hande.
- c1450 In a noon (Lamb 853)57,61 : Ȝouþe beriþ þe hauke upon his hond..He puttiþ his hauke fro his fist.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)4/14 : Some to kepe his grehoundes and his chaces, and sume to kepe havkes of the toure.
- (1466) Acc.Howard in RC 57382 : Item, the same day my mastyr paid for ij hawkes belles v d.
- (1472) Paston (Gairdner)5.152 : I axe no more gods of you..but a gosshawke..that is, a mewyd hawk..or rather then fayle, a sowyr hawke.
- a1475 in Hodgkin Proper Terms54 : A Cast of havkys of the tour.
- a1500 Orfeo (Hrl 3810)28/293 : Euery-on an hauke on honde ber.
- a1500 Terms Assoc.(3) (Lamb 306)234 : A Cast of havkes.
- a1500 When nettuls (BodPoet e.1)p.270 : Whan..Swans be swyfter than haukes of the tower..Than put women in trust and confydens.
d
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4134 : With empty hand men may na haukes tulle.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.4725 : Fulofte he faileth of his game That wol with ydel hand reclame His hauk, as many a nyce doth.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.415 : With empty hond men may none haukes lure.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3529 : For hauk es eth, als i here say, To reclaym þat has tint his pray.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.438 : For I haue and haue hadde some dele haukes maneres -- I nam nouȝte lured with loue but þere ligge auȝte vnder þe thombe.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)85/23 : Therfor þese neophites ar for to proue, þat Sathanas transfigur not him-self in-to an aungell of lith; þat þe wolf do not on his bak a schepis wolle; þat þe ostrich tak not þe wengis of an hauke.
e
- (1433) Will York in Sur.Soc.3050 : Et Aliciæ Meke..aliud coopertorium de rubio enbrouded cum le hauke.
f
- a1500 The man that wol (Hrl 3542)p.308 : He most have..an in stop and an owte stop and an hawke quartere..Falle in with an hauke and stride noȝte to wyde; Smyte a rennyng quarter owte for hys syde.
- a1500 The man that wol (Hrl 3542)309 : A gode rounde with an hauke, and smyte ryȝt doune.
2.
(a) In cpds. & combs.: hauk-bagge, haukes bagge, a bag used in hawking, ?a bag for carrying live birds to be let loose for the hawk to fly at [cp. bagge 3. (d)]; haukes belles [see belle 4]; haukes hod, a covering used on the hawk's head when not pursuing game; (b) in surnames; (c) in place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.220].
Associated quotations
a
- (1443) Will York in Sur.Soc.3088 : Domino Henrico Hobshort, unum hawkebag de panno lineo..Domino Willelmo Day..unum par hawkbag ryngges.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)148 : 'Now hider skinnes for haukes hoodes,' thei seyn.
- (1467) Acc.Howard in RC 57431 : My mastyr paid for a hawkes bagge xvj d.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)61b : A hawkbagge: Cassidile.
b
- (1130) Pipe R.Hen.I148 : Radulfus Havoc.
- (1181) in Pipe R.Soc.30153 : Willelmi Hauekesege.
- (1238) Close R.Hen.III148 : Rogerus Hauekeseye.
- (1250) Bk.of Fees1212 : Willelmus Hauek.
- (1264) Doc.Ireland in RS 53163 : Hugo Hauckeman.
- (1265) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)1.221 : William le Hauck.
- (1282) Let.Bk.Lond.A (Gldh LetBk A)121 : Geoffrey Havekesheye.
- (1297) Visit.St.Paul in Camd.n.s.556 : Johannes Hauekes recepit j vaccam de Adam Wode.
- (1311) Court R.Colchester 120 : William Hauck.
- -?-(1417-8) Reg.Freemen York in Sur.Soc.96127 : Johannes Haukesheued.
c
- (1177) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)269 : Haukeswella.
- (1177) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.106 : Hauechil.
- (1185) in Ekwall Dict.EPN216 : Hauekestan.
- (1208) Fine R.King John438 : Philippus de Haueckeschirch.
- (1225) in Ekwall Dict.EPN216 : Haweckrig.
- (1230) in Ekwall Dict.EPN217 : Hauekehurst.
- (1254) Close R.Hen.III43 : Thomas Hauekenesse.
- (1275) EPNSoc.4 (Wor.)142 : Hauekerugge.
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 1076 : Jocelinus atte Havekfeld. Johannes de Havekfeld.
- (1346) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.106 : Haukhull. Hawkill.
- (1388) Inquis.Miscel.(PRO)5.54 : [There are 160 acres of arable land..in] Haukesley.
- (1428) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.106 : Hawkeslawe.
- (1440) EPNSoc.30 (West Riding Yks.)224 : Haukesworth.