Middle English Dictionary Entry
hau(e-thorn n.
Entry Info
| Forms | hau(e-thorn n. Also haw(e-, hav-, hagh(e-, hage-, haȝ-, hauȝ-, hauh-, hawȝ-, hauthirn, hawethorin, -thurn, -then, hawthorun, -thron, -thern, hacthurn & heithorn, hai-, hæȝ-. |
| Etymology | OE hagu-þorn. Some forms show influence of hei(e n. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) The European hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha); (b) ?applied to other trees: buckthorn, chestnut, cornel; (c) a representation of hawthorn leaves or flowers; ~ leves; (d) parts of the hawthorn used in cooking & medicine; bark of ~, croppes of ~, flour(es of ~.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (Hrl 2277)282 : He scholde..siche out of þe wode..At such an haȝ þorn in Coubache.
- a1325 Gloss.Bibbesw.(Cmb Gg.1.1)673 : Ceneiller: hawethen [vr. hawthorn].
- a1325 Prov.Hend.(Cmb Gg 1.1)st.33 : Al to dere his bouht honni, To like up hauh þorne.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)4787 : To þat haweþorn he is y-fare.
- a1350 Of euerykune tre (Rwl D.913)3 : Of euerykne tre, þe haweþorn blowet suotes.
- c1350 Cmb.Ee.4.20.Nominale (Cmb Ee.4.20)661 : Aube-espyne et eglenter; Hawethorne, hepetre.
- c1390 Bi west (Vrn)179 : As I an hauþorn gan bi-holde.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)744 : Þe hasel & þe haȝþorne were harled al samen.
- c1400 Femina (Trin-C B.14.40)52 : Hawe þorin..hawes beruþ.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)16 : Þei goo..to crabtre or hawthorne.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4002 : The cherl thei founden hem aforn, Liggyng undir an hawethorn [F un aube-espin].
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)14b/a : Cinus: an hauȝ þorne.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)230 : Hawe thorne:..cinus.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)9873 : Gaudyn and eke Partanope..wyth-drawen be Vn-to an haw-thron [vr. haue-thorne] hem to avent.
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)902 : The havthorne so holsum I beheulde eeke.
- c1450 Trin-C.LEDict.(Trin-C O.5.4)572/45 : Cinus, Anglice, an haythorne & an hawe.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)522 : Oure lorde..a-bideth vnder the hawthorne.
- a1500 Degrev.(Cmb Ff.1.6)944 : Here stedus..stod Vndur þe hawþrone.
b
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Is.44.14 : He took an hawthorn [L ilicem; WB(1): kesteyn tree].
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)230 : Hawe thorne: Ramnus..cornus.
c
- (1433) Will York in Sur.Soc.3047 : Item, lego Johannæ..unam peciam..coopertam cum uno chapellet de hawthorn.
- (1441) Will York in Sur.Soc.3081 : vj cocliaria argenti cum quodam signo, viz. hawethornleves.
- a1509(?1468) Marriage in Archaeol.31 (Add 46354)336 : The Duke and the Duches..came into the hall, the table accomplysshid as ensuythe: xxxti taragis, one every tarage a tre of golde, wt grene leves..poungarnettes, hawthornes blowen, and dyvers other things marvellously wrought.
d
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)p.107 : For to make spine. Nym the flowrys of the haw thorn..and temper hem wyth Almaunde mylk.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.32 : And do þerin of flour of hawthern.
- a1400 Recipe MS Hal.in Rel.Ant.1 (Hal 335)52 : For to draw oute a thorne: tak the barke of the hauthorne and stamp hit wele in red wyne.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)20 : Spyneye. Take þe Flowþerys [read: Flowwerys] of Hawthorun; boyle hem & presse hem.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)153 : Tak barke of hauþorne, & bryse hyt wel in amorter, & seþe hyt in rede wyne..ant make aplastre.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)37/2 : Take þe flowris of hawethorn..and þat is good for stychis in a mannis eyne.
- c1475(1392) *MS Wel.564 (Wel 564)119a/b : Þanne take þe iuys of stoon croppe nyȝtschode croppis of haweþorn.
2.
(a) In cpds. & combs.: ~ bough, ~ bush, ~ crop, ~ hegge, ~ tre, hauethorn(es lef; (b) in surnames & place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.222].
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)112.86/6 : Wið niue wunda, nim þisse wurte wurtrume & hæȝþornes leaf.
- c1300 SLeg.Kenelm (LdMisc 108)185 : Þe luþere man smot of is heued onder an hawȝþorn-treo [Hrl: haȝþorn treo; Corp-C: hauþorn treo].
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)4532 : Þiderward sir Gij him drouȝ, And loked vnder an hawe-þorn bouȝ.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1508 : His wey he gan to holde To maken hym a gerland of the greues, Were it of wodebynde or hawethorn [vr. heiþorne] leues.
- c1450 Med.Bk.(2) (Add 33996)209 : Tak þe jus of hawe þorn croppes.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.A.1289 : Wher was a fresshe sprynge vndre a banke..With grete hauthorn busshes, roughe and ranke.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.31 : So with treis set Was all the place, and hawthorn hegis knet.
b
- (1155) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.106 : Hagethorn.
- (c1220) in Mawer PNNhb.& Dur.106 : Hauthorn.
- (1230) in Ekwall Dict.EPN214 : Hacthurne.
- (1254) in Ekwall Dict.EPN214 : Hawethurn.
- (1255) in Ekwall Dict.EPN214 : Hauthirne.
- (1323) in Ekwall PNLan.172 : Haghthornthayt.
- (1325) Court R.Lan.in LCRS 41111 : Richard de Haghethorntwait.
- (1327) Sub.R.Wor.in Wor.HS (1895)59 : Henricus atte Hauthorn.