Middle English Dictionary Entry
gut n.
Entry Info
Forms | gut n. Also gutte, got, gotte, gout. Pl. guttes & (rare) gutten. |
Etymology | OE guttas pl. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1a.
(a) An abdominal organ; the digestive tract of a whelk; -- usually pl., entrails, viscera; rein guttes, the viscera under the loins or the flanks; (b) the anus, the omentum; long ~, the spleen.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.Abp.(LdMisc 108)602 : Men leten openi him a-non & is gottus take and burie heom.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)81/120 : Men..smot him þoru-out with a swerd, and alle his gottes to-rende.
- c1300 SLeg.Marg.(Hrl 2277)112 : Todraweþ hire so, fel & flesch, þat me hire guttes iseo!
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)6340 : Þe..þef ȝare was mid is arme þer to & smot him þoru þe fondement & þoru þe gottes.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5166 : Þe kniȝt donward gan butten Amidward þe hors gutten.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)4330 : Þe lyoun him goþ forþ groning, His guttes after him draweing.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3791,3794 : God..hym so soore smoot With invisible wounde..That in hise guttes carf it so and boot, That hise peynes weren inportable; And certeynly the wreche was resonable, For many a mannes guttes dide he peyne.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)747 : Wiþ þat strok doun hit do nam v ribbes of ys syde & wel neȝ ys guttes þat swerd him ran.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)18888 : His guttes at his wamb vte wrang.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)16.97 : He shal haue a penaunce in hus paunche and puffe at eche worde; Thenne shulleþ his gottes godelen.
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Lev.3.4 : The two reyns, with the talwȝ with the whiche ben couerd the reyn guttis [WB(2): the guttis clepid ylyon; L ilia].
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)10357 : Many an hors..wente a-way, Her guttes trayled on the grounde.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)220 : Gutte, or tharme: Viscus, sumen.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1130 : He..Swappez in with the swerde, þat it þe swange brystedde; bothe þe guttez and the gore guschez owte at ones.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1163 : Ful þe gottes of gold eche gome hadde; Lest fomen fongen hem schold, her floreyns þey eten.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9406 : He gird hym thurgh the guttes with a grym speire.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)240/1 : He had drawen furth all hur guttis.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)1238/21 : He lay fomyng at the mowth, and parte of his guttes lay at hys fyete.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)625 : Þe whelke looke þat þe hed and tayle awey be kytt, his pyntill & gutt, almond & mantille, awey þer fro ye pitt.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)193 : Whan she had eten of the frute and dronken of the watir, anon her bely opened, and all her guttes went out.
b
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)58b : A Gutt:..podex..zirbus.
- a1500 Mayer Nominale (Mayer)678/11 : Hic lien: a longegute.
1b.
Fig. (a) The abdomen, belly; the underside of a serpent; (b) the stomach or belly as the seat of gluttony; -- also pl.; (c) pl. the bowels as the seat of the spirit; (d) pl. the bowels of the earth; the lining of a purse.
Associated quotations
a
- c1450(c1405) Mum & S.(2) (Add 41666)563 : And nad þe gutte groned þere þay gurde were, Thay had bee sike of swete mete.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)26/343 : Thou wyckyd worm ffull of pryde, ffowle envye syt be þi syde; Vpon þi gutt þou xalt glyde As werm wyckyd in kende.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.475 : Flesche of bestes roteþ nouȝt wiþ ynne my gottes.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)11.44 : Þei..demeþ God in-to gorge whon heore Gottus follen [B: whan her gutte is fulle].
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)28 : For hij ne habbeþ wille, Ich woot wel, bot in þe gut [Lin-I: gutte] and in þe barel.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)2.34 : Mesure is medecyne, þauh þou muche wylne; Al is noȝt good to þe gost þat þe gut [vr. got; B: gutte; vr. guttis] Askeþ.
- a1425 Celestine (LdMisc 463)624 : Glotonye wiþ þi wyde throte Mine thies mowe do þe note, and my wombe euery grote, Got and mawe.
c
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)50.11 : Clene herte make in me, god, and trewe, And right gaste in mi guttes [L in visceribus meis] newe.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)4.1 com. : This brede has haly men and wymmen, thof thai be tourmentyd in body; and wha sa tharnys it, thaire guttis ere full strayt, and all thaire ioy is wrecchidnes.
d
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)257b/b : Þe rootes þerof [of an elm tree] beþ y-putte depe in þe grounde and draweþ & soukeþ humour out of þe deepe guttes [L visceribus] of the erþe.
- c1460(?c1435) Lydg.Let.Glo.(Hrl 2255)7 : My purs was falle in gret rerage, Lynyng outward, his guttys wer out shake.
2.
(a) The human intestine(s; -- usually pl.; (b) an intestine of an animal, bird, reptile, etc.; (c) a particular part of the intestinal tract; even ~, the rectum; fasting ~, jejunum; gret ~, nether ~, any division of the large intestine; litel ~, smal ~, sotil ~, any division of the small intestine; on eied ~, the caecum; principal ~, any of the three parts of the small intestine or any of the three parts of the large intestine.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)56a/a : The stomak is þe dore of þe wombe & fongiþ mete & drynke and sendiþ to þe guttis.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)260a/a : The guttes beeþ nedefulle to bere þe drastes & dritte to voyde it oute of þe body.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)27/4 : Veynis miserak ben smale veynes þat..cleueþ on þe stomak & þe guttis [Add: gottys].
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)29b/a : Þat is to vnderstande of all þe stomak and of þe guttes [*Ch.(1): intestinez].
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)209.8 : Notmygge..voydyth wyndis ffrom the stomake, ffrom þe leuer and þe guttis.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)38/12 : As þowgh it were tirdillis clongyn wyth-inne þe guttys.
- ?a1475(?a1425) Higd.(2) (Hrl 2261)7.141 : He made theyme to be tythede ageyne..causenge oon of theire guttes [Trev.: bowels] to be taken owte and fastede to a pale, and the bodye to be turnede abowte unto the laste partes of the inwarde partes or bowelles were extracte.
- a1500 Hrl.1002 Gloss.(Hrl 1002)627 : Intestina: gotte.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)58a/b : Alle beesttes wiþ large & streite gutte [L intestini] ben ful grete glotouns.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)141b/a : Whanne þe foul waxiþ, þe nauel is I-hidde and is nouȝt I-seye, for it is contenned wiþ a gutte [L intestino] by a veyne þat is wiþinne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)269a/b : Serpentes haueþ wayes and guttes by þe whiche somtyme superfluite passeþ out of þe body.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)270b/b : Webbes of spiþeres comeþ of here guttes by a maner craft of kynde.
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)280 : Nowhere he [Jonah] fyndez No rest..In wych gut so euer he gotz.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)58a/a-58a/b : Thus bowellis ben propirliche j-clepid þe guttis..& he hat intestina in latyn..[6] principal guttis: þre þerof ben sotile & ben j-ioyned aboue, & þre ben grete and bygynnen fram benethe. Þe firste gut of þe þre sotile guttis hatte duodenum..þe secounde gut hatte ieiunyum..þe iij litil gut hatte secundo simillimum, moche liche to þe secounde..Among grete tuttis [read: guttis], þe firste hatte vrbum [L orbum]..secounde gut hatte yleoun [L ileon]..þe þridde gut hat colon.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)94a/b : Þis passioun haþ a cosyne þat hatte yliaca passio and haþ þat name of a gut þat hatte ylion & is a smale gutte.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)278b/a : He schal anon fele sore ache of þe neþer guttes and of þe lendes.
- a1400 Lanfranc (Ashm 1396)168.13-25 : Þe firste gutt is maad fast to þe lower mouþ, & þis gutt is clepid duodenum..þe iij gutt is clepid ieiunum, id est, fastynge..þere comeþ a gutt þat is clepid orobum ouþer a sak..þer is a gutt þat is clepid colon..aftir þis gutt comeþ langaon & is þe eende of alle.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)13a/a : Cecum: gut without hol.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)20b/a : Longaon or þe even gutte [L rectum intestiuum].
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)55b/a : Woundes of þe stomak ben dedely..and of the smale guttes [L intestinorum gracilium] and namely a boute þe Ieiune i. þe fastande gutte.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)150b/a : And þe gutte þat is cleped monoculus i. one eyȝede, falleþ ofte tymes doun into it.
- ?a1450 Arderne LW (Em 69)114 : Ilyca is a passione in the smale guttys, the weche ben callyd Ilya i.e. Smaltharmys.
- c1450 Burg.Practica (Rwl D.251)244/14 : Yf þe flux comme of defawte of þe nethyr guttis, make hym receyue it þrow a clystory beneþe.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)58b : A Gutt: Colus..cetum [read: cecum].
3.
(a) Cook. The digestive tract of a fish; an intestine or other entrail of a fowl; (b) in pl.: intestines fed to hawks or dogs; smal guttes.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)p.54 : Take the guttes of Samon and make hem clene; parboile hem a lytell; take hem up and dyce hem.
- ?c1425 Arun.Cook.Recipes (Arun 334)440 : Then take the gottes of the goose, and slitte hom, and scrape hom clene in watur and salt..then do all this togedur in a postenet.
- a1450 Hrl.Cook.Bk.(1) (Hrl 279)42 : Take þe Blode of hym, & þe grece of hym self, & Ote-mele & Salt & Pepir & Gyngere, & melle þese to-gederys wel, & þan putte þis in þe Gutte of þe purpays.
- a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sln 1986)p.9 : Take, wasshe þo isues of swannes anon, and skoure þo guttus with salt ichon.
- a1475 Russell Bk.Nurt.(Hrl 4011)607 : Pare awey þe red skyn [of crayfish] for dyuers cawse & dowt, and make clene þe place also þat ye calle his gowt; hit lies in þe myddes of þe bak.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)73 : Then clef the congur hed and cutt the congur a litille befor the naville and lowse the got and tak it out at the throt and the leuer and the gutte and cut it in rond peces.
b
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)100 : Þan bryng it agayn and kitt it [paunch of a hart] in smale gobettis, in þe blood þat shuld be kept in þe skyn and þe longes wiþ al..and alle þe smal guttes with al.
- a1475 *Hrl.Diseases Hawk A (Hrl 2340)30b : Lat hyr hete at ych soper hote byrdes & smale gorge, & lat hir hete guttes & grese & all þat sche wyll hete þer of.
- a1475 Hrl.Bk.Hawking (Hrl 2340:Halliwell)297 : Take the jus of nepter, and put it it in a small gutte of a capon other a henne.
4.
The dried intestine of an animal used for the strings of musical instruments.
Associated quotations
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.205 : He tornede hym to examyne strenges and streyned guttes and senewes..and hadde suche songe and acorde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)292b/b : A strenge y-made of a wolues gutte y-do among harpe strenges y-made of þe guttes of scheep destroyeþ and corrumpeþ hem.
5.
As surname.
Associated quotations
- (1188) in Pipe R.Soc.38161 : Ædwinus Gut.
- (1198) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.9182 : Willelmus le Gut.
- (1269) Pleas Som.in Som.RS 3699 : Thomas Gut.
- (1299) Let.Bk.Lond.C (Gldh LetBk C)45 : Simon Gut, apothecary.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc., see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. gut.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 2.(c)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. even gut.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 2.(c)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. fasting gut.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 2.(c)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. great gut.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 2.(c)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. little gut.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 2.(c)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. nether guts (pl.).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 2.(c)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. one-eyed gut.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 2.(c)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. small gut.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Med., etc. (sense 2.(c)), see further J.Norri, Dictionary of Medical Vocabulary, s.v. subtle gut.