Middle English Dictionary Entry
grīpen v.
Entry Info
Forms | grīpen v. Forms: sg. 3 grīpeth & gripth; p. grōp, grāp, grēp, græp; sg. 2 grēpe; pl. gripen, grōpen, grēpen, grupen; ppl. gripen, grōpe(n, igrope, grēpe(n. |
Etymology | OE grīpan; sg. 3 grīpeþ, gegrīpþ; p. grāp; pl. gripon; ppl. gripen. Forms show analogy within the paradigm and with other strong verbs. Several of the e- forms may have had ẹ̄. In later ME, grīpen is often displaced by grippen. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To grasp (sb. or sth.) with the hands, take hold of, grab, snatch; ~ fro, snatch (sth.) from (sb.); ~ up, pull up (roots); (b) to hold on, cling; (c) to encircle (sth.) with the hands; (d) ~ hond in hond with, to clasp the hand of (sb.).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8125 : Mann grap þa þatt cnif himm fra.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)8440 : Euelin..hine [ænne stelene brond] ræhliche græp.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)18027 : Heo to-biliue..gripen [Otho: neomen] heore cniues.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)41/445 : Ha..grap a great raketehe.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)6489 : He grop [Clg: igrap] his spere.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)15272 : Hengest grop þan king and breide hine to him bi þane mantel.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)21213 : Cheldrich mid his ohte men leopen heom to horse and grepen hire wepne.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1790 : He gripen sone a bulder ston, And let it fleye.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7797 : Her scheldes þai gropen.
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)118/2485 : Be þe riȝt leg ȝhe him grep, Ase þe wolf doþ þe schep.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2325 : He toke and grepe þe knyȝtys arme.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)20.126 : Al þat þe fynger gropeþ, graythly he [the fist] grypeþ.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3393 : Vpon the cors..he Fil atonys and gan it to embrace, Soor Grype [vr. to gripe].
- a1450(?c1430) Lydg.DM(1) (Hnt EL 26.A.13)499 : O thow Minstral, that cannest so note & pipe..By the right honde I shal the gripe.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.2874 : Fortune of kynde is..A slidyng serpent, turnyng & vnstable, Slepir to gripe.
- a1450 As ofte (Tan 346)35 : As fele..noumbre of rote men vp delue and gripe [rime: ripe]..So ofte, and ofter, I sygh for youre sake.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)5112 : Swerdes and speres to them þey grepen [rime: lepen].
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1262 : Þer was plente in þe place of precious stonys, Grete gaddes of gold, who-so grype lyste.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)29279 : Þa sparwen..fluȝen to heore innen..i þan eouesen he grupen.
c
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)1248 : Burges with balies as barels or þat tyme, No gretter þan a grehounde to grype in þe medil.
d
- a1450 Who þat wole knowe (Dgb 102)83 : Religeous..wiþ gentyles or folk þat worldly is, þat ȝe grype not hand in honde.
2.
(a) To catch (sb.), capture, seize; (b) to obtain (property, wealth), seize; receive (a gift, bribe, reward), take; --also without obj.; ~ of, help oneself to (someone's gold); (c) fig. to learn about (sth.); of fear, horror, etc.: come upon (sb.), afflict; of the Devil, a personified vice, etc.: overcome (sb.), ensnare (sb. or sth.).
Associated quotations
a
- a1250 Wooing Lord (Tit D.18)273 : Þu band ta helle gogges and reftes ham hare praie þat tai hefden grediliche gripen.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)92 : He cam to his breþren &..Hi..gripeþ him anon.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)25680 : Al he [a monster] makeþ him to mete, þe men þat he gripeþ.
- a1350(1307) Execution Fraser (Hrl 2253)75 : Þe barouns of engelond, myhte hue him gripe, he him wolde techen on englysshe to pype.
b
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)2/13 : For heo [we]ren grædie to gripen þine æihte.
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Mdst A.13)88/149 : Þanne sullen ure fon to ure fe gripen.
- a1275 Þene latemeste dai (Trin-C B.14.39)22 : Þenne liit þe cleyclot cold alse an ston, & þe frent striuit to gripen is won.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.169 : Þou hast hongid on my half enleuene tymes And ek grepe [vrr. grepyn, gripen, haste grope, hast gropyn; C: grypen] my [vr. of my] gold & gyue it where þe likeþ.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)3.299 : He þat gripiþ [vrr. grypytz, grypit, grypis, grepyn] here griftes..Shal abiȝe it bitterly.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)204 : For coveitise is evere wod To gripen other folkis god.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1156 : Not Avarice..Was half to gripe so ententyf, As Largesse is to yeve and spende.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)4765 : Al at ones þy pay grap [vr. grepe] þou.
- a1605(c1422) Hoccl.Compl.(Dur-U Cosin V.3.9)265 : Othar thinge the[n] woo may I none grype.
c
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)128/8 : Þa modiȝæn & þa oferhudiȝen deaþes gneornung gripð.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1969 : Grure grap euch mon.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)22/5 : Hire bleo bigon to blakien, for þe grure þet grap hire.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.863 : The fyue fyngres of glotonye the feend put in the wombe of a man, and with hise fyue fyngres of lecherie he gripeth hym by the reynes.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)9.16,17 : In þis snare whilke þai hid swa, Gripen [L comprehensus] es þe fote ofe þa..Sinful is gripen in werkes ofe his hand.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)5351,5366 : Monye buþ þeo merueilles..þat Alisaundre haþ ygrope [Ld: agrope]..Alisaundre haþ y-grope Alle þe merueiles of Ethiope.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)811 : Coueytyse schal hym grype & grope.