Middle English Dictionary Entry
ap(p)areil n.
Entry Info
| Forms | ap(p)areil n. Also ap(p)arail, -el, -il, apperail, aparel(le, aparaille. |
| Etymology | OF apareil |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Furnishings, trappings, accoutrements (as of a household, a room, an altar, etc.); a piece of such; magnificence or extravagance; (b) naut. equipment belonging to a boat; rigging; also, the crew (of a boat) [quot. 1459]; (c) naut. a device for securing a yard to a mast, a parrel [for a detailed discussion of what exactly this might have consisted of, the reader is referred to Sandahl, Middle English Sea-Terms part 2, pp. 13-14.]
Associated quotations
a
- c1350 MPPsalter (Add 17376)131.3 : Ichaue went vp into þe bedde of myn apparaile [L in lectum strati mei].
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)5028 : Kinges & quenes..perteli in alle a-paraile pursewend þurthoute, of hors & harneys.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.432 : The synne of aornement or of apparaille..as in to many delicat horses.
- c1400 Bible SNT(1) (Selw 108 L.1)prol.13/25 : Þe tabernakele..wiþ al his aparayl.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.3985 : He lad hir riȝt anon In-to a place of royal apparaille.
- (1440) *Mun.B.Bridgewater76 : Al ye aperile þat longiþ to þe Wayne.
- c1450(?a1422) Lydg.LOL (Dur-U Cosin V.2.16)p.156 : Or of hir bede was the appareyll [Adv 19.3.1: perayle] Of golde or sylke curtenede large a-boute, Or were ther shetez of longe or wyde entayle?
- (1450) Lin.DDoc.38/7 : A grene appariell for the Auter, that is for to say, Reredose & frontell powdred with golde.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15150 : All the apparail longing to St. Kateryn ys auter.
- (a1475) Fortescue Gov.E.(LdMisc 593)125 : Riche hangynges and other apparell ffor his howses.
- a1500(?c1378) Wycl.OPastor.(Ryl Eng 86)434 : Oþer aparel..to chaumbre & to halle.
b
- [ (1312-13) in Sandahl ME Sea Terms 211 : Premermente en la Nicolas por lapparail de la meisme Nief a Loundres. ]
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.154 : Fiue oþer galeis with alle þer apparaile.
- (1447-9) Doc.Lynn in Nrf.Archaeol.6145 : Ye barge there, with the apparaill.
- (1459) Let.Sou.in Sou.RS 22 (Sou SC.2/9/2)16 : I..wolde haue taken the pylot leying in the said carak alonde and other of their apparell.
- (1465) in Sandahl ME Sea Terms 211 : My mastyr paid to Willyam Dolffyn for a pompe, v. polyves, and odre aparaylle for the spynas, xvij.d.
- (1465) Acc.Howard in RC 57200 : Item, in aparayll of the said shippe..for ropes for hyr srowde.
c
- [ (1453-54) in Sandahl ME Sea Terms 212 : iij. Steyes, xij. couple heuedrop', [i]ij. couple baksteyes, j. treff oue vn bonet' feble, j. rak oue lapparail du mast. ]
- (1399-1401) in Sandahl ME Sea Terms 212 : Empcio necessariorum. Et in j. apparaill cum le Rak empt' de Willelmo Tournour pro le mast ibidem, precium xij.s.vj.d.
- (1399-1401) in Sandahl ME Sea Terms 212 : In j. Rakke et j. apparaill empt' de Willelmo Tournour pro dicta bargea ibidem, precium x.s.
- (1424-25) in Sandahl ME Sea Terms 212 : iiij. vela v. bonettes veters, vj. vptigh veteres, iij. apparell, iij. trussis, iij. Shroudes, iiij. takkis.
- (1495) in Sandahl ME Sea Terms 212 : Hokes of yron for fysshing of ankers, j; Aparelles for the sayle of a ship, ij.
2.
(a) Martial equipment or accoutrements, such as armor, engines of war, weapons; a type or instance of such equipment; also, martial array, host; (b) provisions (of a fortified or besieged city).
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.121 : Þe Londreis..ȝared þam fulle welle With gode aparaile.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)601 : Þe apparayl of þe payttrure.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)3.2319 : The comyng Off kyng Xerses with strong apparaile.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)4.1675 : Men expert in knihtli apparailles.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)52/32 : Alle appairaill & þe araye þat langes till Alexander.
- ?a1450(1422) Lydg.SD (McC 182)56/35 : With soo myȝti apparaile of Mars.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.28 : A paleys strong of apparaile Where þat þese fooles may not vp attayne.
b
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Mac.9.52 : He strengthide the citee Bethsura..he puttide in hem helpis, and appareil of metis [L apparatum escarum].
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)7.1486 : A certeyn woman..Rosted hir child whan vitaile did faille: She hadde of stoor non othir apparaille.
3.
(a) Wearing apparel, dress, attire; (b) the ornamental part of dress, ornaments, fancy trim.
Associated quotations
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)11.235 : Cleophas ne knewe hym nauȝte þat he cryste were, For his pore paraille [vrr. apparaille, apparalle] and pylgrymes wedes..In þe apparaille [vr. paraile; C: a-paraile] of a pore man and pilgrymes lyknesse.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.1827 : He cam..In symple array and torne apparaile.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)4.m.2.2 : Whoso that the coverturis of hir veyn apparailes myghte strepen of thise proude kynges.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)118/19 : Grete lordes in riche apparaile.
- (1426) Doc.in Collect.Topogr.4254 : Alle þer arraie, apparaile, and atyre that shall longe to thair persones.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.2714 : This kyng took on thapparaile Off a bisshop.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)253/18 : Queynte atire of robes or of oþer aperail.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)50/24 : Al þat may be bouȝt and soolde for money, apparels or araies.
b
- (1448) Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 1214 : A Cope with all the Aparell for Prest, deken, & subdekyn.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)413 : Ane helme of riche entayle, Of precyouse stanes þe appayrayle.
- (1488) Doc.Middx.in MELDv2017.1/D4154#15 [Acc.All Saints, fol. 23r] : Jtm for mendyng of dyuerse vestmentes and for the aparelle at the skyrtes & the handes and for settyng oon of the parelle of the grene sute
- a1500 BodAdd.A.106 Lapid.(BodAdd A.106)39 : He suld sett xij stones..in sum apariall of fyn gold.
4.
The physical or moral equipment characteristics of a person: (a) figure, stature; noble ~; (b) character; bearing, behavior; marcial ~, roial ~.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.1208 : In ialousie I rede eek thow hym bynde..If thow be fair, ther folk ben in presence Shewe thow thy visage and thyn apparaille.
- a1425(c1384) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)Ezek.16.7 : Thou [Jerusalem] parfietli camest to wommanus aparaile [WB(2): ournyng; L mundum]; thi breestis..waxeden greete, and thin heer buriounede.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1276 : Of hir have I..Told yow the shap and apparayle [F taille].
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)10007 : King Essaunce, of noble apparaile.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)1748 : [Lancelot] is man of suche Apparayle, Off hym I haue full mychelle drede.
b
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)8.116 : He was longe and lene..Was no pruyde on his apparaille ne pouerte noyther, Sadde of his semblaunt.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.1372 : [They] Been of newe entrid in bataille With gret strengþe & passyng apparaille.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.3173 : He sauh hir pitous apparaile For to make a lamentacioun.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)6.1027 : For which emprise bi marcial apparaille He gat the tryumphe.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)855 : Within the shypp is shewyd..oure kynge of royall apparaylle, Wyth swerde drawen.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer ABC (Benson-Robinson)153 : Virgine, that art so noble of apparaile And ledest us into the hye tour of Paradys.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)20895 : Thys cherl vp-on hys kne..Doth hym honour and reuerence, Wenynge by hys apparaylle.
5.
Preparations, as for a festival or for battle; magnificent preparation, pomp; an activity [quot. 1475].
Associated quotations
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Mac.9.39 : Thei..sawen..grete appareyl [WB(2): apparel; L apparatus multus]; and a spouse..cam forth and his frendis..with tympans..and many armers.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)3612 : He saugh þe grete apparaylle Of the Grekes þe Cite rounde aboute.
- (a1460) Bokenham Sts. (Adv Abbotsford B3)136.44 (v.2:p.365) : This emperoure regnyd in the thousent yer from the fyrste fundacyoun of the cyte of Rome, and .. this yer .. was halwyd of the Romayns with gret apparayle [L apparatu] of pleyis and of spectakaclis [?read: spectaclis].
- c1475 A philosophre (Hrl 372)p.40 : Al that wedlok..Al was redy to plesaunt apparailes.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)642 : Generydes..after his grete apparell..toke ye redy way.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
Note: Many examples cannot unambiguously be placed in a given sense or subsense, and many such assignments here should be regarded as tentative. The e-MED has reorganized and reassigned examples and senses between this word, appareil n., and its aphetic variant, pareil n.(2), with all spellings with initial p- moved to the latter entry. The two words tend to be closely aligned, albeit with some senses specific to one form or the other. Meanings can also in many cases be clarified by considering comparable words in Latin (apparatus) and Anglo-French (AND s.v. apparail n. alongside the rarer French parail n.).