Middle English Dictionary Entry
gī̆rden v.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | gī̆rden v.(2) Also gird(e, gurden, gurd(e, gerden, gerd, (error) girt. Forms: sg. 3 gī̆rdes, etc., gō̆rdes & grī̆des; p. gird(e, gurd(e, gorde, gerd & girt(e, gurt(e, gert(e & girdede; pl. girden & girdeden; ppl. gird(e, igird, gurd(e, igerd & i)girt, gert & gride. |
Etymology | OE *gyrdan (with velar g and with y from Gmc. u); akin to WS gierd, A gerd (with palatal g) 'a rod'. Or the ME verb may be a special development of gī̆rden v.(1). |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To strike (sb.); ~ at, aim a blow at (sb.); ~ on, rain (blows) on (sb.); (b) ~ abak, to drive (sb.) back with blows, repel; ~ al to poudre, beat (sb.) to dust; ~ doun, fell (sb.) with a blow or blows; beat down or overturn (a wall); ~ out, knock (teeth) out; cut (sth.) off so that it is hurled to a distance; ~ over, knock (sth.) over, overturn; ~ to (on, unto) ground, knock (sb.) to the ground, fell; ~ to deth, kill (sb.) with blows; (c) to spur (a horse); ~ to, put the spurs to (a horse).
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1596 : He gurde Suard on þat hæfd þat he grund sohte.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)28a : Amid þe muð me gurde [Tit: smiten] him.
- c1230 *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)29b : Nu is þis al iseid þet ȝe efter ihesu crist, þe me gurde ine muð & galle ȝef to drinken, wið muðes sunne witen ow.
- c1330 Degare (Auch)358 : [He] stronge strokes on him gerd.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1385 : To roulond a-non he rood, & gurde roulond wiþ a spere.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1240 : Grimly wiþ gret cours eiȝþer gerdeþ oþer.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3931 : Richard..adrow ys swerd..& gurde him on þe heued.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)4117 : Þe duk..on þe cheke gurd hym with ys hond.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)304 : Gamelyn..gert him in þe nekke þat þe bon tobrak.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2563 : Þe gome..gyrdis at sir Gawayne as he by glentis.
- c1450 Ponthus (Dgb 185)20/5 : The kyng maked hym knyght, and girde hym with a sworde, and kyssed hym.
- 1607(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)282/68 : You..gurd him in the face!
b
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)1592 : A corner of otuweles scheld He gurde out amidde þe feld.
- a1350 Opon a somer (LdMisc 108)45 : A lok of þat leuedy wiþ louelich lere Mi gode gameliche game gurte to grounde.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)606 : He girdede [IrBl:gurdes] Sir Gallerone growelynge one grownde.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1470 : He gyrdez doun full galyarde knyghtez.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)177 : Girde out the grete teth of the grym best.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)940 : Jason..Gyrd out the grete tethe.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1332 : Ercules..gird gomes vnto grounde.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1377 : The Grekes..Grippit vp the grounde, girdyn doun þe wallys.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5891 : The grekes hade ben grymly gird vnto dethe, Ne hade Palomedon..preset to lond.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)10370 : The Grekes were so grym, þai gird hom abake.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1417 : [Greeks] girdis ouir garettis with gomes to þe erthe.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1865 : Oft þe hauenlest here is houen to þe sternes, And he þat graithist is of gudis gird all to poudire.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2278 : He him girdes [Dub: grydes] to þe grounde.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2474 : Þe kyng & his kniȝtis..girdis doun þe wallis.
c
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2062 : He..Gordez to Gryngolet with his gilt helez.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2160 : Thenne gyrdez he to Gryngolet.
- a1475(a1450) Tourn.Tott.(Hrl 5396)88 : He gyrd so hys gray mere Þat sche lete a faucon-fare At þe rereward.
2.
(a) To cut or sever (sth.), cut (with a sword, etc.); ~ atwo, ~ in two, cut (sb. or sth.) in two; ~ of, cut off (the head, a bone, etc.); fig. ~ fro, cut (sb.) off from (his rights); (b) to thrust (one's arm into sth.); ~ out, thrust out (someone's guts); ~ thurgh, pierce (sb. or sth.), stab.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5013 : He cleued wiþ swerdes egge; Of sum þe midel ato he girt.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)8972 : Sum lay wiþ outen fet & armes, Ato ygirt into þe þarmes.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)9764 : Of anoþer þe heued he girt.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)782 : He..smot a strok..Bote gurde þe nekkebon otwo.
- c1330 7 Sages(1) (Auch)52/1165 : Þi swerd tak to And hastiliche gird of min heued.
- (c1375) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3736 : To thise cherles two he gan to preye To sleen hym and to girden [vr. gurden] of his heed.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)4065 : As lef me were..let gurd of myn heued.
- (a1382) WBible(1) (Dc 370)1 Par.10.9 : Thei haden spuylid hym and gird of the heued.
- c1390(?c1350) SVrn.Leg.(Vrn)94/108 : Þei schulde gurde of his hed [L decollari] amorwe.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)2.176 : And gurdeþ [vrr. gyrdith, gerdet, gyrde, gurde] of gyles hed; let him go no forþer.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)63a/a : Bonez þat ben forkut and I-gird of growen nomore.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)322a/a : So rotid membres beþ nouȝt profitable but þay beþ gurde of or y-brent.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)2295 : On two peces he had hym gert [LinI: gurd], Ne had Clitoun comen ride.
- c1410(c1350) Gamelyn (Hrl 7334)430 : Wher i go to my broþer and girde of his heed?
- a1425(a1382) WBible(1) (Corp-O 4)1 Kings 17.51 : He slewȝ hym, and girde of [WB(2): kittide awei; L praecidit] his heed.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)1 Mac.7.47 : Thei girdiden of [WB(1): kittiden of; L amputaverunt] the heed of Nicanor.
- c1432 Bishop Notes in PMLA 49 (Cmb Dd.14.2)458 : Þere all englisch men founde for swore, wyþ schottes hure heedes were gurd of.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3709 : Sir Gawayne..Garte Galuth..girde of þaire hedys.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)39/17 : He gert girde of his heued.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)938 : Jason..gyrd of his hede.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12143 : Pirrus..Gyrd hir in gobettis & on his graue cast.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13422 : How his graunser with greme was gird fro his right.
- c1453(c1437) Brut-1436 (Hrl 53)577/19 : Ther his hed was gird of.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)3574 : When Heroud herd þat he did so, anone he made gurd of his hede.
- a1500(?c1400) Gowther (Adv 19.3.1)167 : He wold..gurde hor horssus backus in too.
b
- c1330 Degare (Auch)451 : Some þourgh þe bodi he girt.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2729 : Duk Basyn..þorȝ þe heued i-gerd þer was.
- c1390 Disp.Virg.& Cross (Vrn)112 : Þorw feet and hond God let him gerd.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.4114 : Many oon lyþ slayn on þe grene, Girt þoruȝ þe body with scharp speris kene.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4209 : To se hir husbonde..Girt [vr. Gryde] þoruȝ þe body.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6429 : Þei began consideren..þe noble kyng..Wiþ Pirrus swerd girt þoruȝ ouþer side.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3760 : He gyrdes hym in at þe gorge with his grym launce.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3938 : The guchede kynge..Lys gronande..and girde thorowe even.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)1092 : In at hys þrote hys arme he gerte, Rente out þe herte wiþ hys hand.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)566 : Atles on þe olyfauntes, þat orible wer, Girdiþ [vrr. gird, gurt] out þe guttes with grounden speres.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)1099 : Other [Knyghtis] with glafes were girde thurgh evyn.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1219 : Meliager..Flingis..with a fell spere..& girdis þurȝe maillis.
3.
(a) To rush, charge, plunge, fall; ~ togedere, rush together, encounter violently; ~ up, leap up, climb up hastily; comen girding, come charging; (b) of ground, rain: to fall, drop, sink; of fire: rush; of a flower: fall, wither; also fig.; ~ out, of a stench: rush out; of a wound: gush blood.
Associated quotations
a
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2527 : Gawayne..Gyrdes ewen ouere þe streme on a stede ryche.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2949 : Sir Gawayne..gyrdez in agayne with galyarde knyghttez.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3726 : He gyrdis in þe watere.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)9227 : In he girt thurgh the pres.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)854 : Jason..a bote fonde..ffore to þe fer syde..Gird vp to þe grounde.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1232 : Þe kyng..the Renke metys, Girden togedur with þere grete speires.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2322 : Let hom gird into Grise with a grym fare.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)8072 : Then the grekes com girdond fro the gay tentes.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)9017 : He gird with a grone to the ground euyn.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)1135 : Þen commes girdande kynge Clariell.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)997 : With þat come girdande sir Darnadowse.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1213 : He girdis in with a ging.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1243 : Beritinus..Come girdand out of Gadirs, out of þe grete cite.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1435 : Þai of Grece gredely girdis vp eftire.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3845 : Þai..girds þare vp fra þe ground.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)327 : Thei lete renne theire horse and..gerden in-to the presse.
b
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)911 : Þe grounde of Gomorre gorde into helle.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)957 : Þe rayn..Gorde to Gomorra, þat þe grounde laused.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)22/325 : His worchip wyl fare as floure, Anon gurd to grounde.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)117/181 : Anon he vnselid þe pit þore, With a stynche gurd out a rore.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)165/27 : Hit fallis and fadis as a flour; To-day is fresche in his colour, To-morow he gyrdis to grownd.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)169 : These balfull bestes were..ffull flaumond of fyre..That girde thurgh ther gorge with a grete hete.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)880 : Þat fyre out fnast..Hit gird from the grym with so gret hete.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3231 : Quare þe lord in lay with laythely woundis, Girdid [Dub: Gyrrdand] out as gutars in grete gill-stremes.
4.
(a) To hurl (stones), cast; fig. ~ on wordes, hurl words, assail with words; (b) ~ up, to throw up (sth.), vomit; (c) ~ out to greten, to burst out weeping, begin to weep.
Associated quotations
a
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5118 : If he faine will foly for a fyn wit, And gyrt on no grete wordis to greue vs no more.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2227 : Sum with gunnes of þe grekis girdis [Dub: gyrdyn] vp stanes.
b
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)5.379 : I glotoun girt it vp er I hadde gone a myle, And yspilte þat myȝte be..spended on somme hungrie.
c
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3159 : He þan girdis out to grete, eft graythis him to fyȝt.