Middle English Dictionary Entry
ǧin(ne n.
Entry Info
Forms | ǧin(ne n. Also jin, gen, jenne, (?) ǧīne. Pl. ǧī̆n(n)es, (?error) gwnnys & (early) ǧinnen. |
Etymology | OF gin |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. engin.
1.
(a) Inventive talent, ingenuity, cleverness, skill; also, skill in magic or occult science; bi (mid, thurgh, with) ~, ingeniously, cleverly, skillfully; by magic; (b) queint of ~, of queint ~, of persons: clever of invention; of things: ingeniously devised, skillfully made.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)7087 : Uþwitess..unnderrstodenn maniȝwhatt þurrh snoterr gyn bi sterrness.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2846 : Þes ilke king Bladud baðen iwrohte þurh swiðe muchele ginne.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)18839 : Ne cummeð nauere þat he heo biwinne bute þurh mine ginne.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)669 : He mot gon to al mid ginne Wan þe horte boþ on þinne [?read: winne].
- ?a1300 Fox & W.(Dgb 86)72 : He ede..To one putte..Þat wes I-maked mid grete ginne.
- c1300 SLeg.Kath.(LdMisc 108)223 : Four ȝweles of Iren he let fullen..And with ginne heom makede tuyrne a-boute.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1566 : Þis gidie wrecche..let hit rere a noble court mid gret quointise & ginne.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)4447 : Niniame, þat wiþ hir queint gin Bigiled þe gode clerk Merlin.
- c1330 Roland & V.(Auch)335 : Mahoun maked him [a statue of magic power] wiþ gin & dede mani fendes þer in.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)93 : Þo God atte begynnynges Hedde I-maad heuene wiþ ginne.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)7531 : He [David] toke v stanes rowned wiþ gynne.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3434 : Pauylouns were alle wiþinne, Strongeliche ytelt, by gynne.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.6281 : Wiþ his sleiȝty gyn..many sotyl pyn In þe stede he [Sinon] made aboute goon.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)74/274 : S[aynt] Austyne, Þat furst in Englond with his gyn þe treuþ to preche began.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)4580 : Selcouþe stages ar þer-ynne, Wyndowes cast, coruen wiþ gynne.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)30.248 : That lady..thike Schip first dide begynne Thorgh hire qweyntise and hire Jenne.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)656 : Hue was engendred wiþ gin of gubiterus hede.
- a1500 Methodius(3) (Stw 953)194 : Þey fond þe art of astronomy Thorow here sleytys and here gyn.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)1133 : Þe kyng had cast too keepe þat steede In þat cave craftely enclosed with gynne.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(Hrl 2277:Wright)132/2 : Oure Loverd..queynte is of ginne.
- a1425-a1500(?c1350) Libeaus (Kaluza)1661 : His scheld was asur fin..Nas non so queinte of gin From Carlile into Kent.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)55.252 : They browhten the vessel..Into a fair Chambre, and qweynte Of gynne.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1705 : Þis Castel is of so qweynt a gynne.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)4008 : Kyng R. sente off hys men..On heyȝe laddres..þat weren jwrouȝt off queynte gyn.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)2708 : So riall mancioune..Ther is noon in the world ne so queynt of gyn.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)1358 : He dyȝte hym as palmer queynt of gyn.
- c1450(?a1400) Chestre Launfal (Clg A.2)536 : A noble werrour and queynte of gynne.
2.
(a) A means of effecting a purpose, an expedient, scheme; bi (for, mid, thurgh, with) no ~, by no means; setten ginnes, to devise a scheme; ginnes of gemetrie, the operations of geomancy, ?the art of geomancy; (b) clever policy, strategy; trickery, treachery; (c) a clever scheme, stratagem; a trick, ruse, wile; fendes (develes) ginnes, the wiles of the devil; (d) a snare, trap, net; also fig.; maken (setten) ~, set a snare, lay a trap; (e) ?a happening.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30566 : Þurh nanes cunnes ginne no mihten heo deor iwinne.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)36/123 : Nemiȝte he him hete for no fur ne wiþ non oþer ginne.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3106 : Merlin..sette ys ginnes as he wolde & is quointise dude stille.
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)12/322 : Wanne hi wolde icristned be And more [read: moȝe] mid none ginne.
- a1350 St.Alex.(1) (LdMisc 108)62/412 : For nones kynnes gyn, out of þe hond þat it was In, Myȝtte he it nat wynne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)155b/a : What euere þow woldest fonde to drenche þer ynne..wiþ any crafte oþer gynne [L quacunque arte], anoon it plongeþ and comeþ aȝeyne vp.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)897 : I can noght se by nakyn gyn How þat I hir luf sold wyn.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)722 : I myght with na noþer gyn To ȝour speche for to wyn.
- c1450(c1380) Chaucer HF (Benson-Robinson)2004 : But I bringe the therinne, Ne shalt thou never kunne gynne To come into hyt.
- a1500(c1435) ?Lydg.DM(2) (Lnsd 699)43 : Whan deth me sailith Ther is no gynne to socour my quarele.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)644 : By ginnes of gemetrie [L per mathematicam artem] hee joifully telles Bothe þe date and þe daie.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2374 : He..hehte hine..wende al bi nihte & mid stilliche ginne brohte Æstrild þer inne.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)765 : Mid lutle strengþe þurȝ ginne, Castel & burȝ me mai iwinne.
- c1300 SLeg.Cross (LdMisc 108)103 : Nouþe mi strencþe is me bi-nome; fondi ich mot with ginne And with traisun, ȝif ich mai ani man to me i-winne.
- a1350(1307) Execution Fraser (Hrl 2253)2 : A newe song ichulle bigynne of þe traytours of scotlond þat take beþ wyþ gynne.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8476 : Þe cite hii asailede mid strengþe & mid ginne.
- c1330(?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch)p.637 : He nis boute a losenger Ful of tresoun [and] gin.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)2696 : Noiþer for loue ne for gynne, Nolde he wiþ hem acorde.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3891 : He..neiȝed Alisaunder bi gynne.
- c1400 St.Alex.(2) (Trin-O 57)65/459 : Þat writ out of his hond he [the Pope] teiȝ, Al with-oute gynne.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)173 : That nevere man that was on mold With strengthe, myȝte, ne with gynne That ilke schepe myght not wynne.
- 1448 Rich.(Arms 58)p.262 : They thugh wynne Al this lond thurgh thy gynne, I am lorde.
- a1500(?c1400) EToulouse (Cmb Ff.2.38)1087 : Thou carle monke, wyth all þy gynne..Hur sorowe schalt thou not cees.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1336 : Brutus iherde siggen..of þan ufele ginnen þe cuðen þa mereminnen.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)29209 : Ne mihte Gurmund næuere mæren his ferde ar he lette heom mid ginnen biswiken wiðinnen.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)131 : Hu he miȝte mid sume ginne His lemman blauncheflur awinne.
- c1300 SLeg.Nich.(LdMisc 108)340 : Þis false cristine man þouȝte op one feolle gynne.
- a1350 Flem.Insur.(Hrl 2253)45 : Sire Jakes ascapede by a coynte gyn.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)77/24 : Vor þet byeþ þe dyeules ginnes [Vices & V.(2): þe wyles of þe deuel], huer-by þe zaules..he gyleþ
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)4351 : Wan we buþ wyþ such a gynne þe brigge-ȝates al wyþ-ynne, þan wol y blowe myn horn.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)741 : Graitli taght he him þe gin How he suld at þe wif be-gin.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)5146 : Forto wyte wiþ sum gynne What folk þere weren jnne.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)768 : Sum lyke an angell has hyr begiled, A ȝong man with sum gyn.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)61/317 : Bot if we may with any gyn mak þam to do dedly syn.
- (?a1430) Hoccl.Virg.& Chr.(Hnt HM 111)120 : My soule keepe fro the feendes gynnes!
- (1434) Misyn ML (Corp-O 236)119/15 : Þis..meditacion þe fend ouercoms & his gwnnys destroys.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)1361 : The may wist by a gyn þat þe knyght was comen in.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)20.166 : These theves wrowhten A corsid gynne.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)13129 : Thurgh wilys & wit he wan of his daunger..By what Iapis or gen, aiuges not here.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)2326 : He coude many a fals gynne.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)4035 : He semblyd be a sutell gyn thre hunderth wulfes.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.873 : He hath many a croked and a subtell gynne To bryngge a man to his dampnacioun.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)173/261 : Now thou says here tyll A right nobyll gyn!
- a1500 Degrev.(Cmb Ff.1.6)917 : I shall teche þe a gyn Out of þis castel to wyn.
d
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)521 : He..sit olon bihalt weðer his gin him out biwarlt [read: biwalt].
- ?a1300 Fox & W.(Dgb 86)82 : Þo he wes in þe ginne I-brout.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)369 : Þe ffisscheres beoþ þe prechours þat goþ aboute wiþ hare gynne and precheþ..goed soules to wynne.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)71a/a : Þe male is more crafty and war þan þe femel to voide & to scape gynnes, greues and periles.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.4209 : Cupide..his ginnes and his hokis leide Amyd þe eyen cerclid of Cryseyde.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)1620 : His gynnes hath he sette..Ryght for to cacche in his panters These damoysels and bachelers.
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)3.m.8.6 : Ne ye ne hiden nat yowr gynnes [L laqueos] in heye mountaignes to kacchen fyssch.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)10.129 : Now gynnes [L gloss.: machinas] forto take foulis wylde And othere beestis..By nyght is wrought.
- c1450(a1400) Orolog.Sap.(Dc 114)360/10 : Now I am fallen into a deep pitte and am kauȝte with þe gynne of dethe.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)3 : He [the fowler] wolde go to hys gynnes..Many a gyn and many a snayr he maket & mony he leset.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)15033 : Yiff the fowlere..Shewede hys gynnes and hys snarys To thrustelys.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)39/124 : All þis wyde werd xal be dreynt with flood..saff þou and þi wyff xal be kept from þis gynne.
e
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2867 : Her hors apolk stap in, Þe water her wat ay whare; It was a ferly gin, So heye vnder hir gare It fleiȝe.
3.
(a) An ingenious device or contrivance; a ship; a mechanical contrivance, machine; an instrument; also fig.; (b) a hoist, crane; rering ~; (c) ~ ston, a grindstone worked by a mechanism; jousting ~, ?a jousting ring; fig. some article of dress.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)1955 : Þis pinfule gin wes o swuch wise iginet.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)258 : Ac ne mot þer non ben inne þat one þe breche bereþ þe ginne, Noþer bi daie ne biniȝt, Bute he also capun beo idiȝt.
- c1300 SLeg.Pass.(Hrl 2277:C.Brown)2412b : Ac me ne miȝte neuere helie þe stede þat heo stod inne Mid morter ne mid pauement ne mid non oþer ginne.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)5678 : Þe gate he leke..Wiþ mani bar & mani gin.
- ?a1300 Fox & W.(Dgb 86)77 : He ne hounderstod nout of þe ginne.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)803 : Euerichon wiþ a ȝat wiþ ginne þat may non vuel come þer-Inne.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Sq.(Manly-Rickert)F.322 : Bid hym descende and trille another pyn, For ther inne lith theffect of al the gyn.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1165 : This false gyn Was nat maad ther, but it was maad bifore.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)608 : Neptanabus biholdeþ his gynne..And he loked in þe planete.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6170 : Wyndewes closed by on gynne.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)491 : Þen watz þer joy in þat gyn [the ark].
- c1400(?c1380) Patience (Nero A.10)146 : Hit watz a ioyles gyn þat Jonas watz inne.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)191 : Get or gyn: Machina.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)105/30 : He ymagned in his hert swilk a gynn how he myghte make grippes bere hym vp in-to þe ayere.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)2035 : Lef thay nome To whend hom into thayr in To ordayn and dyvyse a gyne For to holde the piler up-ryght.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.249 : Delatoures..with þe peyne, as wiþ a sotill gynne, Kouthe kytte away þe maladye of synne.
- c1450 Lydg.FP (Roy 18.D.4)1.2673 : [Dedalus]..made his gynnys so, That ayenst kynde with her he [the bull] had to do.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)31/276 : The top and the sayll both will I make..This gere may neuer fayll..This is a nobull gyn.
b
- (1398) *Chamberl.R.Winch. : In meremio cariando usque ad muros..cum uno gyn x d.
- (1426-7) Rec.St.Mary at Hill64 : For tymbre & estrich borde for gynnes & wyndowes ij s. iiij d. ob.
- (1434) Indent.Fotheringhay in Med.Mason247 : My said lord of Yorke shall fynde..ladderis, tymbre, scaffolds, gynnes.
- (1444-6) Grocer Lond.(Kingdon)288/3 : Paid..for a gynne to wey stone with.
- (1448) in Willis & C.Cambridge 1399 : In monee assigned..for the making of Barowes, Carres, Gynnes.
- (1468) in Salzman Building in Engl.329 : Le reryng jynn.
c
- a1350 Lord þat lenest (Hrl 2253)24 : Such a ioustynde gyn vche wrecche wol weren.
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)16 : Then schap hem yn maner of a dove egge..& make hem smothe a-pon a gynston.
4.
Mil. (a) A machine or structure used in assaulting or defending fortifications, a siege machine or tower; also fig.; ~ of werre; (b) a siege machine for throwing missiles; also fig.; castand ~; trump of ~, a tube through which Greek fire was sprayed; (c) ?a weapon of personal combat.
Associated quotations
a
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8478,8480 : Hii lete hom ginnes make, as verst of þe toure Of tre..A gyn þat me sowe clupeþ hii made ek.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)3606 : Ginnes þai made on selcouþe wise, Sum piles scharpe kerueinde.
- c1330 Roland & V.(Auch)194 : Þer were mani strong gines [rime: sarazines].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.347 : Þis Iupiter..ouercome þe geantes wiþ gynnes of werre [L bellicis machinis].
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.429 : Iosephus þrewe out brennynge oyle uppon alle her gynnes, and smoot of al her gynnes [L machinamenta; Higd.(2): instrumentes].
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)1217 : Alisaundre..hete his hynen Vnder her walles forto mynen Wiþ stronge gynnes.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)5879 : Þe kynges oost þat wiþouten was..brouȝtten gynnes to þe walle..And..Breken þere þe wal adoun.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.250 : Gygas þe geaunt with a gynne engyned To breke & to bete doune þat ben aȝeines ihesus.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4176 : They dredde noon assaut Of gyn, gunne, nor skaffaut.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)35a : Tymber also..nediþ to makynge of engynes, wetheres, sowes, and oþer gynnes to assayle wiþ walled townes and castelles.
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)47b : They hadde also alle manere gynnes & gettes þat nedful is [to] taking or seging of castel or of citee, as snayles [etc.].
- a1450(1408) *Vegetius(1) (Dc 291)96b : Þis manere wallynge ne is not able to ben I-broken wiþ none strook of none gyne of werre.
b
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)8485 : Hii asailede þe toun..& wilde fur wiþ pich & grece wiþ ginnes In caste.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11252 : Hii wiþinne casten out mid hor ginnes vaste.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)11597 : Sir edward..wiþoute sette vaste Stronge ginnes & þer wiþ to þe castel caste.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)3179 : Þe tour schaltou þanne assaille wyþ schot & cast of gynne.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)680 : Þer ne mai wone non vuel þing Ne derue no gynnes castyng.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10065 : Ne mai na gin..be wroght Mai cast to dere þis castel.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26020 : Þis reuth es like a castand gin.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)1061,1067,1071 : Þey [the besiegers] had good gynnes..To cast wonder grete stoones..And þey of Troy þat were withynne Defended hem with al maner gynne..With Arblasters and spryngalles..Et good gynnes stoones to cast.
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)1967 : Wilde fuyr anon þey nome And casten hit ouer þe wal wiþ gynne.
- a1450 Rich.(Cai 175/96:Weber)2901,2903 : Anothyr gyn Kyng Richard up sette..callyd Robynette; A stronge gyn..And caste into Acres hard stones.
- a1450 Rich.(Cai 175/96:Weber)5229 : The Sarezynes..blewe wylde-fyr in trumpes of gynne.
- a1500(?a1400) Firumb.(2) (Fil)789 : With her gynnes gonne þey to cast.
- ?a1500 Lndsb.Nominale (Lndsb)784/13 : Hoc mangnalium: a gyn.
c
- a1350(1265) BLewes (Hrl 2253)33 : Shulde he neuer more come..ne wiþ sheld ne wiþ spere ne wiþ oþer gyn, to help of Wyndesore.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)3264 : Þe oþere in to þe walles steeþ And þe kynges men wiþ gynnes sleeþ.
5.
As surname.
Associated quotations
- (1191) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.2 ()45 : Henricus Gin.
- (1287) Leet R.Norwich in Seld.Soc.511 : Radulphus Gyn.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- (?a1500) I haue a thing (Cmb Dd.5.76)3 : Ther cam a ȝong man with his gin, & thrust yt even a handfull in.
Note: New sense
Note: Added sense = the penis