Middle English Dictionary Entry
gīen v.
Entry Info
Forms | gīen v. Also gi(e, giȝe, ghie, geie & gui(en; p. ppl. gied, etc., & gede. |
Etymology | OF guiier, guïer, from Gmc. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To lead or guide (sb.); also fig.; refl. to take one's way, go; (b) to steer (a ship), steer (one's course); drive (a chariot); (c) to guide (someone's pen or stylus); --used fig.; of Fortune: to guide the turning of (her wheel).
Associated quotations
a
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)4921 : Richard þe contree y-knew ech del; þat host he ledeþ & gyeþ hit wel þyderward þat þay scholde.
- c1400(a1376) PPl.A(1) (Trin-C R.3.14)2.149 : Gile was forgoere and gyede hem alle [C: to gyen al þe puple].
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1298 : He was blynde þorgh derknesse of the nyght, And hym to gwy he ne fonde no liȝt.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)2164 : He..Rood ay forth..havyng no man to wisse hym or gye.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)193 : Gyyn [Win: Gyyyn], or ledyn: Duco.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)1257 : He..gan hym forth hye Vp-on his iurne, fully trostyng That the grace of god shuld hym riht gye.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)17.442 : Alle that weren In his Compenye, Forth with Ioseph thei gonnen hem Gye.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)42.270 : They..Evere thankeden Goddis sonde, that he hem Gyede towardis the londe.
- a1450 Parton.(1) (UC C.188)6876 : Thedyr I can yow ryght wel gye.
- a1500 Now god þat syttyst (Cmb Ff.1.6)p.240 : The prosperite of thys land thus they gy. Forthewyth togedere al to the daunce.
b
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.657,682 : To Colchos ward þei helde þe weye ryȝt, Guying her cours by the lode sterre..To guye her passage by Arthouris Plowe.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)2.2490 : Mynerua gan charis first to guye.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)23.655 : Neþer man ne womman In that plas that Schipe to Governe nethir to Gye.
- a1500(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Stw 952(1))16668 : The loode sterre..off which they guye and gouerne ther passage.
- a1500(1445) ?Lydg.Marg.Entry (Hrl 3869)21 : Noe this Arke didde forge..Where in he and hys myght escape..Conueied aboute as god liste hym to gye.
c
- (?c1375-a1390) Chaucer CT.Mk.(Manly-Rickert)B.3587 : Thus kan fortune hire wheel gouerne and gye [vr. guye], And out of ioye brynge men to sorwe.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.5444 : To hem..I clepe dar nor crye My troubled penne of grace for to guye, Nouþer for Clyo nor Callyope.
- c1450(?a1405) Lydg.CBK (Frf 16)177 : Who shal now my stile guy or lede?
- a1500 Lydg.LOL (Adv 19.3.1)p.101 : Thorow thi help I may my style gye Sumwhat to say of the Ephiphanye.
2.
(a) To guide (sb.) in behavior or conduct, advise, direct; -- also intr.; (b) refl. to conduct oneself, behave, act.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?c1300) Bevis (Auch)16/364 : I schel þe sende..To a riche erl, þat schel þe gie, And teche þe of corteisie In þe ȝouþe.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.13 : Oure hoost, as he was wont to gye..Seyde in this wise.
- c1400 Brut-1333 (Rwl B.171)102/4 : Þai come to Peanda & praiede him..þat he wolde ham ghye, helpe, & conseile.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.4608 : By wylfulnes, allas, so wer þei guyed.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)1335 : Mesure is good; let hir þe gye and lede.
- a1450 SLeg.Fran.(2) (Bod 779)200 : He him drouȝ in to a meselrye, wit boxomnesse & penaunce his soule for to gye.
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)340 : But me to rede out of this drede, or guye, Ne may my wit..not streche.
- a1475 Fulfyllyd ys (Hrl 5396)5 : Now gyllorys don gode men gye.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.106 : Lat Gude Hope the gye.
b
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1610 : How schulle we now ous selue gye, now ous lackeþ our hed?
- c1390 Whon Men beoþ (Vrn)35 : Hit chaungeþ so ofte & so sodeynly..A siker ground ho wol him gy, I rede he þenke on ȝuster-day.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)19.222 : Grace..gaf eche man a grace to gye with hym seluen, That ydelnesse encombre hym nouȝt.
- (?1406) Hoccl.MR (Hnt HM 111)387 : If thow maist heere-aftir be releeued Of body and purs, so thow gye thee By wit þat thow no more thus be greeued.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.8025 : On þe se..þei schulde hem guye, So to ariue þat no man hem espie.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1119 : The ton shal..hym-silf guye Be his manhode and his chyualrye.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)2045 : So slyly and so wel I shal me gye..That in this world ther shal no man me knowe.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)1.4390 : He gaff hem lawes wherbi thei sholde hem gie.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)4 : Schelde vs fro schamesdede..And gyffe vs grace to gye and gouerne vs here In this wrechyde werlde.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)516 : I neuer sy a lord that cowde hym gye Bet like his estat; all knyghtly prowesse Was to hym girt.
- a1450 SLeg.Barlaam (Bod 779)683 : Kyng þey beþ chose I-wis, hem self for to gyȝe.
- c1460(?c1400) Beryn (Nthld 55)1458 : [Yf] ye wold aply Somwhat to hir purpose & aftir hir ȝewe guy, She wold [etc.].
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)45 : Ther nys no gouernour on þe grounde ne sholde gye him þe better.
3.
(a) To rule (sb.), control; (b) to govern (a country, a city, a people, etc.), have (a province) under one's control; rule (a church); (c) to command (an army, a navy, armed men), lead: -- also intr.; (d) to manage or control (sth.), regulate; direct (thoughts, an activity, an office of government); administer (law); trim (a sail); -- also intr.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330 SMChron.(Auch)1133 : Seynt austin..schuld þer wiþ gye His monkes, wiþ outen folie.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.3046 : Who so gruccheth oght, he dooth folye And rebel is to hym that al may gye.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1673 : A king..His wif and child schal reule and guie.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.2660 : These foure were tho Whiche I sih..Among the grete compaignie Which Love hadde forto guye.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.1747 : Love..Halt peples joyned, as hym lest hem gye.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)194 : Gyn, or rewlyn: Rego.
- a1450(a1400) Medit.Pass.(2) (Add 11307)610 : Ihesu..Angels of heuene as wel as we Ben gyed with þi septre fre.
b
- c1330(?a1300) KAlex.(Auch)435/309 : Þou schalt haue riche Rome And al Romaine..For þou hem canst as baroun gye.
- c1330 Otuel (Auch)40 : He þouȝte wit maistrie Habben al cristendom to gye; Al cristendom..He þouȝte to maken heþennesse.
- ?c1350 Why werre (Peterh 104)p.6 : Thus the stat of holy chirch Is gyed al amys.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2669 : My semly fader..grece haþ godli to gye as emperour & sire.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1774 : Al the lond..he..schal wel kepe and guye.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Cl.(Manly-Rickert)E.75 : A fair persone..Discret ynogh, his contree for to gye.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)3.23 : Ector..Next Priam had of alle souereinte, þe toun to guye.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.630 : He..Took upon hym, of wilful tirannye, Hooli thempire..for to reule & guie.
- 1448 *Glo.Chron.C (Arms 58:Kooper)f.149v : Knut .. bytoke Westsex and som of Merchineriche (that he hadde gede) to certeyn dukes -- and himself with hoste wente into Northumberland.
- a1450(1413) Glade in god call (Dgb 102)71 : In all kyngdomes þat man haþ gyed.
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)5 : Emperour..Deocclicius Al the londe hadde to gye.
- c1450(c1350) Alex.& D.(Bod 264)263 : Non emperour..Þat wantede wisdam his wihes to gye.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.283 : Whane þe gouernaunce goth þus with þo þe hous gie shulde, And letith lyghte of þe lawe and lesse of þe peple.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)316 : Þei nere encline to no king, hur kiþ for too gye.
c
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)257/22 : So wel he paide is louerd in Armes..Þat he made him maister of is ferd, al for-to gwie and lede.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)7834 : Agreuein schuld þe first gie, Þat was of noble þre þousinde.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2664 : Lordinges ȝe ben..bold burnes of bodies, batailes big to gye.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.133 : Þe erle of Leycestre, þe oste alle did he guye [F guyait]; Of werre he was þer maistre.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)2090 : An hundreþ þousande kniȝttes..rideþ in his compaignye, And Salome dude hem gye.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5138 : [They] Brouȝten with hem in her companye An C schipes knyȝtly for to guye.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3860 : Sir Gawayne es gon, that gyede many othire.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)3510 : Whan the ost of Perse was most plener, Euer the chief banerer Longeth vnto the king of Turkye It forto bere and forto guy.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)254 : We will oure batells guy, And rape vs for to ryde Agayne þe Emperour.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)2049 : The formest warde, All redy for to gye, The kyng of Turkey had in gouernaunce.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)287 : Philip enforceth hym now his folke for to gie.
d
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.80 : Chefe justise he satte þe sothe to atrie, For lefe no loth to lette þe right lawe to guye.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.281 : Shireues, balifes he ches þat office couþe guye.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.312 : Assigne it [the exchequer] at þis parlement, þat can þat office guye, & do þe right vsage.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1627 : Goddes gost is þe geven, þat gyes alle þynges.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1663 : I am God of þe grounde, to gye as me lykes, As he þat hyȝe is in heven.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.406 : He this thing so slyȝly gan to guye At pr[i]me face, þat no man myȝt deme, [etc.].
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)167 : In the same toun ben alwey xij men sworn..for to gyen [F guyer] and for to meytenyn the righte vsages of the toun.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)179 : Wyn draweres at the cay of the forseyd toun..to gyen the wynes that comyn to the forseyd toun and for to herberwyn hem.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)193 : Gyyn, or wyssyn [Win: dressyn]: Dirigo.
- c1450(a1449) Lydg.Doubl.(Frf 16)55 : What man may the wynde restreyne..Save women, that kan guye her sayle To rowe her boote with doublenesse?
- a1450(?c1405) Mannys soule (Dgb 102)110 : Þe holigost ȝoure grace gyȝe.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)1093 : As Venus list þis mater to guie, Late vs agreen.
- c1450(c1375) Chaucer Anel.(Benson-Robinson)6 : Pallas, ful of grace, Be present, and my song contynue and guye!
- a1500(1422) Yonge SSecr.(Rwl B.490)138/22 : Guy al thy thoghtis al tyme to do well!
4.
To protect (sb. or sth.), guard, keep, preserve; ~ from, protect (sb.) from (sth.); in exclamations: god gie us, God keep us, etc.
Associated quotations
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.136 : O lord, my soule and eek my body gye Vnwemmed.
- (c1380) Chaucer CT.SN.(Manly-Rickert)G.159 : If that ye in clene loue me gye, [vrr. gy, guye], He wol yow loue.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2815 : Arcite is coold, ther Mars his soule gye!
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.436 : Best is..to chese ȝow a kyng; And most able þestat to occupie, From al assaut manly ȝow to guye, Is Anthenor.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.546 : O paleys..Wel oughtestow to falle, and I to dye [vr. deye] Syn she is went that wont was us to gye [vr. þe to geye]!
- c1435 Chaucer CT.Fri.(Roy 18.C.2)D.1643 : Gye [Heng: God..saue and gyde vs alle and some].
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)31.108 : Goode lord, from him þou me gye And defende me!
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)113/45 : All weldand God yow gouerne and gy!
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)140/25 : Þe chylderyn of mannys gettyng vnder þi weengys, god, wrying, In hope schul be gyed!
- a1456(a1407) Scogan MB (Ashm 59)79 : Wher-fore in youþe..edefye Þe hous of vertue..Þat in youre age it may you kepe and guye Frome þe tempeste of worldely wawes.
- a1456 Compleyne ne coude (Add 16165)8 : As wisely he gye alle my Ioyes here, As I am youres.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1500 Salomon þe (Lin-O Lat.141)19 : Than must we draw cutt who schall hold þe plow, For þe one of yow tweyn must gy mylk yowre cow.
Note: New spelling