Middle English Dictionary Entry
gā̆te n.(2)
Entry Info
Forms | gā̆te n.(2) Also gat, gata, gatte, gait(e, gatha & (error) yates. |
Etymology | ON; cp. OI gata. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A path, road, street; the way from one place to another; heigh ~, the main thoroughfare; bi ~, by a path or road; on the ~, on the road, along the way; (b) a path through the air or sky; (c) the path or track of a plow, a furrow; (d) fig. the path (of pride, righteousness, etc.), the path (to heaven, hell, etc.); hard ~, a harsh action or experience; heigh ~, the way of right or justice.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12749 : He wass an off þa tweȝȝen þatt comenn till þe Laferrd Crist þær he bi gate ȝede.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)846 : Thou canst ful wel þe ricthe gate To lincolne.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)423 : Of o gate he hadde siȝt..Þe paþ he toke ful riȝt.
- c1330 Þe siker soþe (Auch)19 : Where we go bi ani gat, Wiþ bale he ous bites.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1691 : Hold ȝou ouȝt of heie gates.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)2644 : Aneother way full sone þai chese..Þat gate vnto þam was more gayne.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)1801 : On þe gate we mette..stronge þeues seuene.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1252 : Find a grene gate þou sale; In þat way sal þou find [etc.].
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)1106 : Þay glod..On golden gatez.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1967 : Þe gate to þe grene chapel.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)1597 : He morned in þe gate.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)188 : Gate, or wey: Via.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)1168 : Euen ouer hym he rade, In gate þere bisyde.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)2626 : Men deide by gates [vr. bi strete] & by styes.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)472/214 : Ȝe haue diuerse gatis to gang.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)160/632 : This is the gate..That wyll me lede vnto my land The right way.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1001 : That he [Phaeton] be riht war..That he mistake noght his gate.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)7076 : Als foghel fleghand in þe ayre als wynd, Of whase gate men may na trace fynd.
c
- c1450 The merthe of alle (SeldArch B.26)7 : The plowe goth mony a gate, bothe erly & eke late.
- a1500 Henley Husb.(Sln 686)47 : Þe harowe shall caste þe corne in þe hoolis & valeis..betwixt þe gatas off þe ploughe.
d
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10791 : Whase itt iss þatt stiȝheþþ dun þiss gate off modiȝnesse.
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)2 : Hou ihesu crist herowede helle, Of harde gates ich wille telle.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)1.181 : Loue is..þe graiþ gate [vr. redyest waye] þat goþ into heuene.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.50 : Ic am seluen in wildernes To graithe the gat of rihtwisnes.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Gosp.(Phys-E)p.51 : Brad es that gat that ledes Til hel.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)395 : Of alle my joy þe hyȝe gate Hit is in grounde of alle my blysse.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)2/17 : God al-mihti kenne us þe rihte gate til endeles ioy.
- a1425 Hayle bote (Wht)110 : Thow..take to helle the euen gate.
- a1500(c1386) St.Erk.(Hrl 2250)241 : Non gete me fro þe heghe gate to glent out of ryȝt.
2.
In phrases: (a) amidde ~, half way; bi ~, on the way, during the trip; in ~, in (one's) way, in front (of one); of ~, out of (one's) path; on ~, on ~ ward, on the way, away; (b) gangen ~, to travel a road or path, take the road (to a place); gliden ~, gon ~, comen ~, riden ~, wenden ~, nimen ~, taken ~; leden ~, lead (sb.) on the path; senden ~, send (sb.) on a road; (c) gon gate(s, to go (one's) way, depart, depart hastily, be off; taken ~, go away, leave, take (one's) departure; ben ganging of gates, be on (one's) way, be off; he yede ~, he went (his) way; gangan gates, gliden ~, wenden ~; (d) given ~, to make way for (sb.); haven the ~, pass freely; holden gates, go (someone's) way, go along with (sb.); (e) fig. gon hard gates, to endure painful experiences; haven ful god ~, have every right (to kill sb.), be fully entitled; tellen gates al gon, count (someone's) roads all traveled, regard (someone's) life as finished; these gates moste ben gon, this deed must be done; gon gates, taken ~, go, proceed; etc.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)889 : Alle made he hem dun falle þat in his gate yeden and stode.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)265/345 : A gret watur was in his gate.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3960 : Þis tre lai in hir gatt.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)696 : Hade he..no gome bot God bi gate wyth to karp.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)22641 : Þis four ongatwarde with þam yiode With folk of armes, many and gode.
- ?a1425(?a1350) Castleford Chron.(Göt Hist 740)24897 : Þai yiede againes him on gate And in bataile with him þai smate.
- a1450(?1348) Rolle FLiving (Cmb Dd.5.64)87/72 : Bot oft þai fall or þai come ymyd gate.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1334 : The freke was so fuerse the[y] fled of his gate.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)5946 : All gird of his gate, gevyn hym the way.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2:Peacock)1054 : Hast þou come to chyrche late And spoken of synne by þe gate?
b
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8216 : Þatt teȝȝ inn heoffness blisse A follȝhenn ure Laferrd Crist, Whatt gate summ he ganngeþþ.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)8910 : Þeȝȝ..wenndenn þatt te Laferrd Crist Wiþþ hemm þatt gate come.
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)23 : To helle sone he nom gate.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)697 : Tristrem..To halle led him þe gate.
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)813 : Vn-to þe dore he toke þe gate, And preuely he past þe yhate.
- c1390 NHom.Devil Phys.(Vrn)76 : Þis hermyte wente hom his gate.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)7111 : Als he went þat gat again.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)16166 : To heroudes þo he him sent euen þe heȝe gate.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.304 : To ȝork þe gate he toke.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)4.42 : Þanne resoun rode faste the riȝte heiȝe gate.
- a1425(?c1375) NHom.(3) Leg.(Hrl 4196)12/121 : To þat mans hows he toke þe gate.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)28 : Gayely scho glydis The gates..by a grene welle.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)4308 : They..graythes to Glasschenberye þe gate at þe gayneste.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)723 : The gates þat he scholde goo Made he full gnede.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)494 : The gates to-wardes Glassthenbery full graythely he rydes.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)586 : Tway chylder wentt..to sodom the gaynyst gate.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)2333 : To Cades þen þei toke the gatte.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)950 : God send hym gattes Ryght.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)376 : To þe erlys court he toke þe gate.
c
- a1350 In a fryht (Hrl 2253)7 : Heo me bed go my gates.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)2091 : Þe duerwe toke þe gate.
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)290/135 : He tok his leue and ȝeode his gate.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)4725 : He toke charyte, and toke hys gate.
- a1400 Cursor (Frf 14)12992 : Ga þi gatis [Vsp: Fle, sathanas] wiþ-outen dwelle.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)767 : Godde glydez his gate by þose grene wayez.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)526 : Al day þe lorde þus ȝede his gate.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)3332 : With that word Resoun wente hir gate.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)48/97 : Þe were als goode to late me go my gatte.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)487/220 : What dois þou here? Þou may nowe of þi gatis be gangand.
- ?c1450 Nicod.(1) (Sion Arc.L.40.2/E.25)1351 : Ryse, satan, ger hym gange his gats.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)46/86 : Tarye not be nyght nor day, but smertly þi gate þou goo.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)1241 : The messinger took the gate.
d
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1154 : Þay let þe herttez haf þe gate.
- a1450(a1387) PPl.A(2) (RwlPoet 137)12.88 : Myȝth I so, god wot, ȝoure gates wolde I holden.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)279/229 : Here, ye gomes, gose a rome, giffe vs gate; We muste steppe to yone sterne of a-state.
e
- ?a1300(a1250) Harrow.H.(Dgb 86)27 : Harde gates haui gon, Serewes soffred moni hon.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)13/103 : Þe pepul..haþ goon gatis vngayne.
- (c1426) Audelay Poems (Dc 302)132/245 : Hes soule to hel hit toke þe gate.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)2079 : I tell þi gatis alle gane..Of þi fote þou getis no gode; Bot lepe if þou may.
- a1450 Ch.Feasts (Roy 18.A.10)8 : The lord þat is a howsholder..To preysen hym men taken gat [rime: sat].
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)62/197 : Nay, sone, this gatis most nedis be gone.
- c1450 LChart.Chr.A (BodAdd C.280)23/47 : Harde gatys he hauyt gone In hungure and thryst and many wone.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)1592 : To the I haue full good gate For thou slow my brother Cate; That thou shalte by full dere.
3.
(a) Going, walking; departure; journey, traveling, expedition, pilgrimage; ben on ~, have departed; don on ~, to start (oneself) on the way, set out; also fig.; (b) ~ awei, going away, escape; ~ doun, descent; setting of the sun, stars, etc.; ~ out, act of leaving (a religious order); ~ up, ascent; ~ wil, going astray, losing one's way.
Associated quotations
a
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)345 : Of gate nas þer no bade..Out of hauen þai rade.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1119 : He diȝt him deliuerly & dede him on gate.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1912 : Þan a-waked þei wiȝtli & went on here gate.
- (c1391) Gower CA Suppl.(Hnt EL 26.A.17)7.3313* : He ros..And goth him forth, and in his gate He caste his yhe aboute..The Jew if that he mihte se.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)1.7 : For lauerd ofe rightwise wate þe wai, And gate [L iter] ofe wicked forworth sal ai.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.209 : Now er þei alle on gate, vnto þe courte þei cam.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)18.241 : Peter þe apostel parceyued his gate..as he went on þe water.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)1842 : Stand, sone, stynt of þi gate.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)2 Cor.11.26 : I was..ȝerne in gatys [L in itineribus sæpe] In peryles of flodys, In perelys of theuys.
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)479 : To his lord he schal make a gate And sey a man..Wold speke witȝ him.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)4144 : He es my fadire..Bot I forsake this gate.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)3791 : Bot forth þey wentone vpone herre gate.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)3649 : All agreit to þe gate with a gode wille.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)2461 : Hald furth þi gatt, os þou be-gan.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)340/11 : He..axkid hur whedur sho went, and evur sho tolde hym þe cauce of hur gate.
- c1450 Yk.BPrayer(2) (Yk-M 16.M.4)69/36 : We sall pray also for all trewe pilgrams..þat god..graunt þame parte of our gode prayers & us of þare gode gates.
- a1475 Bk.Courtesy (Sln 1986)201 : To sayntis yf þou þy gate hase hyȝt, Thou schalle fulfylle hit with alle þy myȝt.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)16.6 : Mak perfit my gatis [L gressus] in thi stretis.
- a1500(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Dub 213)812* : Bade he no langre, Bot grathes hym to þe gate.
b
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)188 : Gate downe: Descensus. Gate downe, or downe gate of þe sunne, or any oþer planete: Occasus.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5636 : He castis..xij degreces all of gold for gate vp of lordis.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)2/11 : Ane abbott..þat knew þe cauce of his gate oute of his ordur..comfurthid hym with fayr wurdis.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)90/30 : Sho was a wery womman & had gane will..sho went in & tolde hym þe cauce of hur gate will.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.316 : He layde anon, with fagottes fell ouer the lake, There gate awaye, and passage to pretende, On whiche by nyght they led their horse vnkend.
4.
Manner of moving or walking, gait.
Associated quotations
- c1450 Metham Physiog.(Gar 141)140/19 : Men may knowe the dysposycion off yche reasonabyl creature..be ther gate and meuyng.
- c1450 Metham Physiog.(Gar 141)141/8 : Thise iij be spycys innatural as of the gate..off sundry personys.
- ?c1450 *Horse(1) (Dc 291)136a : The hors of gode entaile schall have..large crouper, large gait, the house of the pyntell wele forward.
- ?c1475 *Cath.Angl.(Add 15562)53b : A Gate: gradus, nature est gressus virium.
- a1500 Counsels Isidor (Hrl 1706)370 : In cloþinge and in-goynge haue wiþ þe sympylnesse, in þi gate and in þi mouynge clennes.
5.
(a) Way, manner; also, a means, method [quot.: Cursor, Perceval]; bi somkin ~, in some way; thurgh ani ~, in any way; what (which) ~, in what way, how; (b) way of life, behavior, conduct, actions; outward behavior [quot.: 1435]; in ~ forth, in (our) conduct henceforth; (c) kind, sort.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2451 : Bliþelike I wollde sen & witenn þurrh þe sellfenn Whatt gate þiss maȝȝ ben.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)2954 : Ȝiff þatt icc amm hoȝhefull & mikell ummbeþennke Whillc gate icc muȝhe cwemenn Godd.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)2212 : God haþ ordeyned al mennys state, how to lyue and yn what gate.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)15278 : Þat i ha luued, he sal me trai; þe gait [Göt: gate; Trin-C: weye] es al graid.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)619 : Þat he ne forfeted by sumkyn gate þe mede sumtyme of heuenez clere.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5230 : If his freend, thurgh ony gat Wole compleyne of his poverte.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)1675 : Fayne wolde he hafe hym slayne..Bot gate couthe he get nane.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)12760 : Iohn..maniman broght to resun And in-to gatte [Göt: wai] to gett þam mede.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)5722 : Phisiciens and advocates Gon right by the same yates [read: gates].
- (1435) Misyn FL (Corp-O 236)23/31 : Qwhils þai no heet of faith & charite hauys, þame-self in gate moste holy..þai schew.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)2262 : Þen scho was in hir awenn And als wele in hir gate Als scho hadde..Neuer þerowte bene.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)21/24 : I þat priualy hase aspied thi gatez..I sall sterte apon þe & take þe.
- a1450(1419) Loke how Flaundres (Dgb 102)81 : Now is it out of rule and of rest: Drede is here chef gayte.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)656 : I will you faithfully enforme how ye fare shall..All your gate and your gouernaunse graidly to telle.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2239 : Let oure gate be so gouernet þat no grem folow.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)6138 : With grase of our goddes, in our gate furthe, Your comaundement to kepe.
c
- a1500 St.Alex.(5) (Tit A.26)17 : Of all pormen of ylk a gate, there was none þat werned þe yate.
6.
(a) Cpds. & combs.: ~ dor, a door opening on the street; ~ geter, one who guards or watches over a road; ~ leve, right of way; ?a toll paid for right of passage; (b) in surnames, street names, road names, place names; gate(sende, the end of a path, road, or street [see Smith PNElem. 1.196].
Associated quotations
a
- (1279) in Rec.B.Nottingham 154 : Per custodes viarum qui vocantur Gategeters.
- 1325 *Charter penes W.Greenwell (1897) [OD col.] : Le dit Johan et ses heires..trouerunt Gateleue et Rivage pour touz les carbouns.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)126/328 : Go spar The gaytt doore.
b
- (1118-35) EPNSoc.5 (North Riding Yks.)134 : Stainegate.
- (1145-55) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)291 : Brettegate.
- (1154) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)289 : Gutherungata.
- (1161) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)290 : Hundegat.
- (1175) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)291 : Chetmangeregata.
- (c1210) in Ekwall Dict.EPN182 : Galewethegate.
- (1240) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)290 : Haymongeregate.
- (1243) EPNSoc.20 (Cum.)4 : Holegatebeck.
- (1250) EPNSoc.17 (Not.)282 : Notinghamgate.
- (a1272) EPNSoc.29 (Der.)729 : Wudemangatha. Hoctungate. Wytintongate.
- (1287) EPNSoc.17 (Not.)113 : [Robert de] Dalegate.
- (1288) Leet R.Norwich in Seld.Soc.528 : Johannes Attegatehend.
- (1297) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 16150 : Steph. Gathende.
- (1302) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)284 : Colyergate.
- (1303) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)282 : Baggergate.
- (1320) EPNSoc.28 (Der.)234 : Soutergate.
- (1324) Pat.R.Edw.II15 : William atte Gatesende.
- (1335) EPNSoc.17 (Not.)17 : Flesshewergate.
- (1345) EPNSoc.28 (Der.)232 : Glemongate.
- (1368) EPNSoc.28 (Der.)449 : Le Sadelergate.
- (1381) EPNSoc.27 (Der.)115 : Heghgate.
- (1400) EPNSoc.27 (Der.)21 : Bathinegate.
- (1406) EPNSoc.17 (Not.)18 : Hundgate.
- (1439) EPNSoc.28 (Der.)232 : Glewmangate.
- (1443) EPNSoc.14 (East Riding Yks.& York)291 : Jubergate.
- (1455) EPNSoc.27 (Der.)58 : Le Sydgatethorn.
- (1460) EPNSoc.17 (Not.)19 : Gretesmythgate.
- (1468) EPNSoc.27 (Der.)115 : Hegate.
- (1483) EPNSoc.28 (Der.)449 : Irongate.
- (a1500) EPNSoc.29 (Der.)729 : Brodegate.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1405 *Macer(2) (Wel 5650)f.31r/21 : It paires þe sight & stoppis þe gate of engendurure [L (Macer 410): genitale claudit iter; BodAdd: gatte of þe engenderure; Pep: ȝate of engendrynge.
Note: See note under gate n.(1). The original Latin is itself a bit cryptic: the herb is said to 'close off the genital passageway, drying up the humor of the seed within,' but whether this refers to the male or female procreative channel , or (less likely) is to be taken figuratively. is not clear. An anatomical sense is most likely, and with it, a new gloss.