Middle English Dictionary Entry
fordọ̄n v.
Entry Info
Forms | fordọ̄n v. Forms: sg. 3 fordọ̄th, (early) -dẹ̄th, (N) -dūs; p. fordid(e, -dud(e, -ded(e; ppl. fordọ̄(n, (N) -dūn. |
Etymology | OE fordōn, p. -dyde, ppl. -dōn. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp.dōn.
1.
(a) To destroy or annihilate (something); to annihilate (the earth), wreck (a building), ruin (the fertility of soil); to obliterate (a painting, a stain), cover up (a well); (b) to devastate, pillage, or ravage (a country, city, etc.); also, to ruin (a country by misrule); (c) to be destroyed, perish.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)51 : Þer wunieð fower cunnes wurmes inne, þet fordoð nuðe al þeos midelerd.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)19812 : Cnihtes..þa welle for-duden..mid eorðe & mid stanen.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)1115 : So bitterlike is it for-don, Ne mai non dain wassen ðor-on.
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)461 : That God wole fordon the world we muwe be sore agaste.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)121 : Þe wyed hoc of þe gardine..uordeþ al þet kueade gers.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)5.20 : Beches and brode okes weore blowen to þe eorþe..In toknyng of drede Þat dedly Synne or domesday schulde fordon hem alle.
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)884 : A tempest..fordede here vynys.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)22938 : Als potter..Quen he his neu wessel fordos [Trin-C: fordoþ].
- ?a1425(c1380) Chaucer Bo.(Benson-Robinson)2.m.8.21 : Alle thynges..wolden make batayle contynuely and stryven to fordo the fassoun of this world.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)51/9 : Godd fordidd þe forsaid citeez.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.1276 : The Romeyn templis..He hath fordoon.
- (?1440) Palladius (DukeH d.2)1.283 : That is [a field's] nature, and his fecundite Be not fordoon by husbondyng hit mis.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)2432 : The The lauender..might for noo washing Fordoo the spottes.
- c1450 Brut-1431(1) (Eg 650)444/9 : In þat yere was Ludgate fordo.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)140 : That his cherche be beten doun and fordoon.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)3.141 : Þey kepeth no coyne..But chaunchyth it for cheynes..And fordoth þe coyne.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)26/100 : Therfor shall I fordo All this medillerd with floodis.
b
- a1121 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.963 : Medeshamstede..wæs fordon fra heþene folce.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Þe erthe ne bar nan corn, for þe land was al for don mid suilce dædes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25260 : Al þat lond ich wulle uordon [Otho: fordon].
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)11094 : Al Rome he fordude þurh his muchele misbode.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.7576 : He schal lese his lif..And al the Cite be fordo.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)9191 : Iosias..Fordude [Ld: ffordede] þe toun of nynyue.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.5351 : Grekis..fordide touris and cite.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.74 : Grekes sholden swich a peple brynge, Thorugh which that Troie moste ben fordo.
c
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)125/284 : Outt go youre een! fordo your syght!
- a1500 Methodius(3) (Stw 953)863 : Thow þou enhawnce þe soo To reche to heuyn in ryte degre, Ȝett xall þu fall & for-doo To hell grownde.
2.
(a) To put (someone) to death, to kill; (b) to ruin (someone), bring into disgrace; to lead (someone) to ruin or perdition; (c) to condemn or damn (someone); fordon and fordemed, condemned and doomed.
Associated quotations
a
- a1150(c1125) Vsp.D.Hom.Fest.Virg.(Vsp D.14)31/148 : Herode kinge..hire cild wolde fordon.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9957 : He Rodric uordude [Otho: fordude].
- c1225 St.Juliana (Roy 17.A.27)62/535 : [The boiling pitch] leop wallinde hat..ant fordude fifti al italde.
- a1300 11 Pains(1) (Jes-O 29)141 : Heo heore maydenhod lure..And furduden heore istreon.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)426 : Ðan bor ghe [Eve] seht in ðe stede Of caym ðat abel for-dede.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)407 : Þou worþest tohewen oþer fordo.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1563 : Þei y schold þer-fore be fordon..to-drawe or on-honged.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2269 : Now helpeþ ȝow silue..or ellis ȝe buþ fordone.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1560 : Thus hath youre ire oure lynage al fordo.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Sh.(Manly-Rickert)B.1317 : God forbede That ye for any sorwe or any drede Fordo youre self.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.3683 : Þe quene Eleyne..wil hir silfe fordo For Paris sake.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)8/1 : Sche wold a fordon hir-self many a tym at her steryngys & a ben damnyd wyth hem in Helle.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)6740 : All þa robbours war fordone.
- c1475 Guy(1) (Cai 107/176)3278 : If he may the come to, Brenne he woll the or fordoo [Auch: slo].
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)27/145 : All shal be fordone that lif in land, bot ye.
b
- c1225 Body & S.(2) (Wor F.174)6/32 : Þu hauest unc fordon mid þine luþere deden.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)4069 : Þatt illke mann..Forrdoþ hiss aȝhenn sawle.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)223 : Se deofel..smeade hu he hi [Adam and Eve] fordon mihte.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)103 : Ðeos sunne fordeð eiðer ȝe saule ȝe lichoma.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)212 : Deouelen, þat fordeð [Bod: forðdeð] þe baðe i licome & i sawle.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)38a : Þah þe flesch beo ure fa..wa we moten don hit..ah nawt fordon.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mcp.(Manly-Rickert)H.290 : Allas, a thousand folk hath rakel ire Fully fordoon [c1440 vr.: vndone] or broght hem in the myre.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1562 : I am fordo; Myn heritage moot I nedes selle And been a beggere.
- c1400 St.Anne(1) (Min-U Z.822.N.81)2738 : Þu has ffordone both þe & us.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)9.64 : Allas, þat drynke shal fordo þat god dere bouȝte!
- c1425 How GWife(1) (Hnt HM 128)171/166 : Many for folye hem self fordooth.
c
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)82/28 : Æfre he bið Almihtiȝ..& eac þa fordeþ ðe leasungæ specæð.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)19215 : Mannkinn..wass all forrdon Ȝæn himm & all forrwurrþenn.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)17 : Betere hit is þet heo beon ispilled of heore licome þenne mid alle fordon to þes deofles hond.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)270 : Þa boð nu mid him in helle fordon [vr. uordone] & fordemet.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)427 : Þet ha were..fordon ant fordemed.
- a1400 Heil & holi (Cmb Gg.4.32)54 : Þou bisext wiþ milde chere For vs, þat weren dempt and fordone.
- a1425(?a1400) Cloud (Hrl 674)67/5 : Fele þan þiself as þou were fordone for euer.
3.
(a) To render (something) ineffective or useless; to frustrate; (b) to prevent (something), keep (an event) from taking place, prevent (someone from doing something); (c) to defeat (an enemy), to overcome (an obstacle, a danger).
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) St.Kath.(1) (Einenkel)878 : Ichulle fordon þe wisdom of þeos wise world men, ant awarpen þe wit of þeose world witti.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)822 : Þonne is þe hundes smel fordo.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)201a/a : It helpeþ aȝeins wicchecraft and fordoþ harde enchauntementz.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)18056 : Al mine wicked werkes eke For dune [Trin-C: fordon; Vsp: forblended] war thoru his auer speke.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)20.253 : Þat þat kynde doþ, vnkynde for-doþ.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)2 Cor.10.4 : We fordoande [L destruentes] þe conseyles of man and deuelys.
- a1425 Nicod.(1) (Add 32578)51/444 : If he be fals or faynte..His sawes, his tokenes quaynt Sall dye & be fordone.
- c1425(?c1400) Wycl.Apol.(Dub 245)64 : Domis and polycye were for done, and misdoars schuld not be punischid.
- c1475(c1450) Idley Instr.(Cmb Ee.4.37)2.B.2489 : Craftis also fordoon and connyng sett aside.
- c1475(?c1451) Worcester Bk.Noblesse (Roy 18.B.22)42 : Another gret armee and voiage fordone for defaut and lak of spedy payment this yere.
- a1500 Peterb.Lapid.(Peterb 33)90 : Gagatis, þat is gete..fordoeþ wiche craft & charmes.
b
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)8334 : Ȝyf men or womman be so wylde To fordo a getyng of a chylde [etc.].
- a1400 Ancr.Recl.(Pep 2498)104/29 : Þat fordoþe childe wiþ drynche oiþer fordoþe þat no childe may on hir ben ystrened.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.87 : His passage was fordone [OF defenduz].
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Petyt 511)90 : If it were made in ryme couwee..som suld haf ben fordon, so þat fele men þat it herde suld not witte how þat it ferde.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)158b/a : Þe dede of leccherie or of dightinge is noght fordon in wommen but for stoppynge of þe priue chose.
c
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)25206 : Heo þe wulleð fulste þine iuan to for-donne.
- a1400(?c1300) LFMass Bk.(Roy 17.B.17)24/257 : & be oure helpe in alkyn thyng, Þat alle perels be for-done.
- c1400(1375) Canticum Creat.(Trin-O 57)793 : He shel fordon þe fendis myȝt.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)22.51 : Þo conquered he on croys..Myght no deþ hym for-do ne adoun brynge.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)1805 : Thow hast venquysshed & fordon Thylke vntrewe, fals felon.
4.
(a) To vitiate or invalidate (something), abrogate or annul (a law, a right), abolish (a custom), discard (a doctrine, a commandment); (b) to break or violate (a law, pledge, commandment), infringe upon (a king's authority); (c) to forfeit (a right).
Associated quotations
a
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)21992 : Þe gospell and al hali writt He [Antechrist] sal fordo.
- a1400(?a1325) Bonav.Medit.(1) (Hrl 1701)186 : A newe testament he gan sone, Þe olde sacryfyce to fordone.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.312 : His tresorere..Fordos vsages olde & lawes of þe chekere.
- a1425(?c1384) Wycl.Church (Bod 788)350 : Þes sectis han fordone þis gospel.
- c1410 Trev.Dial.MC (Add 24194)34 : Vor holy writ vordoþ þis prescripcyon þat ȝe aleggeþ.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.238 : Love is he that alle thing may bynde, For may no man fordon the lawe of kynde.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)5.2560 : A tribun callid Munycius..fordede the lawes alle in deede Of olde Graccus.
- c1450 Alph.Tales (Add 25719)148/15 : Ye sall fordo ane ill custom þat is within your lord-schup.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)1173 : Þai haue fordone our alde lawes, And broght in newe þat na man knawes.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)447/9 : Tho evyll customys are fordone.
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38:Vietor)933 : Owre fadur for dyd owre ryght..He hath dysheryted vs.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1576 : Þe toþers wijf lai be þe broþer..þe lau o kind þai sua for-did.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.197 : I wille of þat feloun tak vengement, þat fo [read: so] fordos my coroun.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)2940 : Soche Riot & Revell so ryuely to haunt..Gers maidnes be mart, mariage for done.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)304 : To fordo cristis ordinaunce.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)314 : Ȝif þei fordiden goddis lawe.
c
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)26320 : Þou [a priest] mai him noþer scriue..For þou þi right fordon has.
5.
(a) To ruin or destroy (a virtue, affection, hope, fame, health, etc.); (b) relieve or dispel (grief, pain, disease, etc.).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.369 : O Sathan..Thow wolt fordoon this cristen mariage.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2415 : The mannes fame..scholde elles springe Into the worldes knowlechinge; Bot he fordoth it alto sore.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)5.1687 : Youre name of trouthe Is now fordon.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4339 : To the tylyer is fordon The hope that he hadde.
- a1425 Medit.Pass.(1) (Arun 507)116 : In þat entente for til haue fordone þe mynde of him for eauer.
- ?c1430 Wycl.8 SSChr.(Corp-C 296)448 : Þis fordoþ muche þe reverence and studiynge of Goddis lawe.
- c1450(c1370) Chaucer Pity (Benson-Robinson)86 : Youre renoun ys fordoo than in a throwe.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2:Peacock)44 : Cuttede clothes and pykede schone, Thy gode fame þey wole for-done.
- (1477) Paston (Gairdner)5.280 : Fresh amorouse sihts..Have all fordoone your old affeccion.
b
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)237 : His admoded deað ofer com & fordede ure soriȝe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)247a/a : Fruyt þerof y soden with salt water fordoþ swellyng of feet.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10052 : Gastli gladnes..al ilheuines for-did.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)124 : The dubbement dere of doun & dalez..abated my balez, Fordidden my stresse, dystryed my paynez.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)21.156 : For venym fordoþ venym.
- c1400 Daniel *Herbal (Arun 42)f.42r : Cancellarius in 6 bok of his Antidodarye seyth þat if þe rotys of bardan be wel coctus in wyn & þe lymes & þe [?read: þe ioyntes] ben wel wasshyd & basked þerwith, & rotis brayd & emplastred, it fordoþ ake & peyne in menbrys & lymes & ioyntes.
- c1450(1410) Walton Boeth.(Lin-C 103)p.140 : Riche men haue wher-with..Theire cold, þeire thrist, þeire hunger to fordone.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)29.15 : Anguys of dedly body he fordoes.
6.
(a) To drive out or overcome (sin, temptation, etc.); also, to obtain forgiveness for (sin); (b) to blot out (sin); to do away with (another's sin) by atonement; p. ppl. fordon as adj.: blotted out, past and forgiven.
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)105 : Þenne maȝe we fordon swa þa deofliche ȝitsunge.
- c1300 Evang.(Dlw 22)181 : Þou giue me grace to biginne, Loue to sende to for-do [BodAdd: do awey] sinne.
- a1350 Iesu suete is (Hrl 2253)76 : Þat fleysshliche lust be al for do.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)941 : Almesdede..fordoþ sinne.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.3172 : Riht so vertu fordoth the vice.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)10043 : Cherite euer fordos [Trin-C: fordoþ; Ld: for-dothe] envie.
- a1416(c1340) *Rolle Psalter (Bod 953)450 : If I for do my synne þurȝ schrifte.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3399 : I fynd writen ten thynges sere Þat veniel syns fordus here.
- a1425 Templ.Dom.(Add 32578)335 : Weddynge with lawfull entent ffor-dos clene all synne & vice Of man & wife.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn:Horstmann)301 : Paule prayed to god þat he suld for-do þase fandynges þat hym pynede so sare.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)21291 : But ypocras..ffordyde hys inclynacioun Wyth a brydel off resoun.
b
- ?a1425(?c1350) NHom.(3) Pass.(RwlPoet 175)2031 : He sall fordo þi fader syn.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)17912 : Þe lamb widuten sack..sal all werldes sin fordo [Arms: vndo].
- a1425 Wycl.Serm.(Bod 788)1.77 : Þis lombe proprely fordide þe synne of alle þis worlde.
- a1425(a1396) Maidstone PPs. (Wht)394 : Aftir Thi mercyes..for-do [L dele] my wykkednesse.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)21.1 : Thaire synnes sall be fordoen.
- a1500Rev.St.Eliz.(1) (Cmb Hh.1.11)cap.5 (70/17) : Drede þe nowt, dowter, ne tormente þe nowt wyt non vnwyse hesytaciown of forgoyng of me for þy fordoon trespas, for now ys yt .. [by] þy penawnce forȝeue the.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.30ra (2.3) : Be cause of vnkynd hete menkede wiþ kynd hete, quenchand & fordoand þe kynd hete and drawand out fro þe kynd hete þo parties þat be more subtile..þe vryn is dymish and bloissch.
Note: New spelling (pr. ppl.): fordoand.