Middle English Dictionary Entry
forbēren v.
Entry Info
Forms | forbēren v. Forms: p.sg. forbar, forbē̆r, forbā̆r(e, pl. forbēre(n, forbāre(n; ppl. forbōr(e)n, forbōre. |
Etymology | OE forberan; forbær, forbǣron; forboren. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) To bear or stand (pain), to endure (sorrow, affliction); to afford (an expenditure); (b) to bear with (a person), to tolerate; to endure patiently (an injury, etc.), to put up with; intr. to be patient, tolerant, or lenient.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)35/17 : Wryð þanne to þan breostan swa hæt swa he hattest forberan mæȝe.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)90/31 : Þurh ham sceal þeo sawlæ forbæren arfoðnesse mid anrede mod.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.2182 : I may nat..Forbere to been out of youre compaignye.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)5005 : His sorow might not be forborn.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)767 : Englonde myght not forbere These seyde exspenses gedred in one yere.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)102/22 : We sceolon yfelræ mannæ hate & heora niþæs ðuldelice forberæn.
- a1225(?OE) Lamb.Hom.(Lamb 487)15 : Ne beo þu nefre ene wrað þer fore, ah forber for drihtenes luue.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)97/12 : Ic ȝeu bidde þat ȝe me forberen, and swa wissien..þat ic mote folȝin.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)59a : Þenne mei he sikerliche chastien hire openliche of hire unþeawes, þet he ear forber [Nero: uorber]..He wule forbeoren [Nero: uorberen] ow leasse.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)106 : Þauh þu me uorbere.
- a1250 Cristes milde moder (Nero A.14)109 : Þu hauest ȝet forboren me uor þine godnesse.
- c1300 SLeg.Judas (Hrl 2277)80 : Þe schrewe he misdude aȝen; he ne miȝte noleng forbere.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)148 : Þe lemes worssipeþ þe on þe oþer and uorbereþ.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.563 : Sche mot forbere and to him bowe.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.WB.(Manly-Rickert)D.665 : I nolde noght forbere hym in no cas.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)20116 : In all hir will þai hir forbar [Göt: forbare; Trin-C: forbere; Phys-E: forberne], For quils scho was wit þam þar þai serued hir.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.165 : Vlixes..Forbar hym first..As he þat was riȝt pruden & riȝt wys.
- a1450 LDirige(1) (Dgb 102)206 : Lord, haue no mynde to do me wo, fforber my synnes wolde make me lest.
- c1450(c1386) Chaucer LGW Prol.(1) (Benson-Robinson)80 : Forbereth me, and beth nat evel apayd.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)25 : J haue to miche forbore yow and to miche suffred yow in my cuntre.
2a.
(a) To abstain from (a vice), to refrain from (doing something);--often with infin. or with that clause; also intr.; (b) forbering, abstaining, moderate.
Associated quotations
a
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)24/238 : Licomes lust, þet tu forberest [Tit: forberes] her.
- c1300 SLeg.Mich.(LdMisc 108)202 : Natheles huy heolden betere with god and vnneþe furbere.
- a1325(c1280) SLeg.Pass.(Pep 2344)1099 : He ffond ham aslepe eftsone, ffor hi ne miȝte fforbere.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3831 : Þo þe brutons seye þis, hii vorbere vnneþe Þat hii ne breke couenant.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mel.(Manly-Rickert)B.3052 : Ye wol forbere now to do vengeance.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.159 : His herte mai it noght forbere That he ne roreth lich a Bere.
- a1400 Cursor (Göt Theol 107)8090 : Quen þaim biheld þat kinges here, was nan þat lahuter miht forbere.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)3.365 : Thow woost how longe ich it forbar to seye To the, that art the man that I best triste.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)1b/a : Abstineo: to forbere.
- a1450 In my conscience (Dgb 102)63 : Þou myȝt forbere and nouȝt trespas.
- (1433) RParl.4.423a : My said Lorde of Bedford..kan noght spare ne forbere ye aventure of his persone, if ye Kynges Enemyys prese to ye Cuntre yat he is inne.
- c1440 HBk.GDei (Thrn:Horstmann)313 : He es a fole, for he forberes noghte þe thyng þat duse hym harme.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)443 : Þou forbarist and woldist not so do.
- c1450(c1400) Emare (Clg A.2)611 : Ther was noþur olde ny ȝynge That myȝte forbere of wepynge.
b
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)1b/a : Abstenius [read: abstemius]: forberinge.
- a1500 Conq.Irel.(Rwl B.490)89/14 : He was..of mete & of drynke ful meen & forberynge.
2b.
To restrain (a person), to control (something); refl. to restrain oneself.
Associated quotations
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.3163 : And with that to wepe Hire yhe mai noght be forbore.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)693 : Þe scorpion forbare is tang [Frf: stange] Fra bestes þar he lai amang.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9563 : Of him sco can haf pite; Sco moght hir forbere nathing.
- a1456(a1449) Lydg.BC (Trin-C R.3.20)35 : Suche meke wyves I beshrewe Þat neyþer cane at bedde ne boord Þeyre husbandes nought forbere on worde.
2c.
To give up (a lawsuit), to cease and desist; to stop (fighting).
Associated quotations
- a1425 Arth.& M.(LinI 150)2415 : He neuer for stroakes wold forbeare Against noe man.
- (1436) Case King Council in Seld.Soc.35102 : The said Rauf..bonde hym silfe..to forbere and make to be forboryn sutes..ayens the comtesse.
- (1473) Stonor1.132 : Master Selenger desyryth your fadyrhod to forbere your sute ayen them thys terme.
3.
(a) To spare (a person), refrain from killing or injuring; to spare (property), refrain from destroying or pillaging; (b) to have regard for (someone's presence), show due respect for (something); (c) to exempt (someone from a duty, a task, a tax or exaction).
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1137 : Ne hi ne forbaren b[iscopes] land..ne preostes, ac ræueden munekes & clerekes.
- c1275 LSSerm.(Clg A.9)52 : Þes persones, ich wene, ne beoþ heo noȝt forbore.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)2623 : For-bar he noþer knith ne sweyn.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)4780 : Gij smot Hogoun, and nouȝt him for-bare.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)1622 : Þe gode allan suld be forborn [Frf: forborne], Als it in noe flod befell.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)4.430 : He coueited hyre catel and þe kyng spared, Forbar hym and hus beste bestes.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)1.437 : In hym ne deyned spare blood roial The fyr of love..Ne him forbar in no degree.
- c1440(?a1400) Perceval (Thrn)1929 : Than þe lady he forbere.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)12011 : In the burgh þai forbere byldynges mony.
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)111 : She trussede it ayen on hire nekke..and forbare me.
- c1450 Lychefelde Comp.G.(Lamb 853)525 : No lyme on me, man, þou forbeerist.
- c1460 Ipom.(3) (Lngl 257)343/25 : Euer the reid knight forbare him, because that he served him.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)2836 : I forbare the in euery londe For love and for the kyngis blode.
b
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)72a/a : Children schal worschip þe fadir & susteyne & forbere hym.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.6823 : Vlixes gan expres Cause of her comyng to kyng Priamus, With-oute abood seiyng euene þus, Nor forberyng presence of þe kyng.
c
- a1300 I-hereþ nv one (Jes-O 29)158 : If hit may so beo, Of þis ilche calche nv forber þu me.
- c1330 Why werre (Auch)312 : The pore is thus i-piled and the riche forborn.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.3119 : The knyht..wolde excuse him to the king, Bot he ne wolde him noght forbere.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)301a/b : Þe more sche is forbore and spared of trauayle, þe more slowe sche is.
- (1431-2) Let.Bk.Lond.K (Gldh LetBk K)131 : Yet on trust of eese and supportacion that ye mowe do to the Cite in tyme to come, ye be forborne and disported theroffe as for a while.
- (1450) RParl.5.202b : To forbere and take not theire Horsys ne theire Cartis.
4.
(a) To forego, relinquish, give up, part with, or lose (something); to become separated from (companions); (b) to do without (someone), dispense with (something).
Associated quotations
a
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)504 : Kniȝtes and oþure..beden seint Thomas ententifliche þat he þat word forbere.
- 1372 Leorne to loue (Adv 18.7.21)23 : For bet it is þu suffre þis Þan man forbere heuene blis.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.2938 : Þe same nyȝt, allas, sche hath forbore Hir maidenhed.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.4018 : Ȝe haue forbore Ȝour owne lord.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1660 : And ek, for she is straunge, he wol forbere His ese.
- a1450 Who þat wole knowe (Dgb 102)139 : Marchaunt and religeous, on mot be forbore.
- (a1438) MKempe A (Add 61823)49/34 : I loue þe wyth all myn hert, & I may not forberyn þi lofe.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)52 : Sum man forberiþ al lordschip in his owne propurte.
- a1450 Gener.(1) (Mrg M 876)146 : Reide can I noon Sith I haue..my goode men forborn.
- a1450-a1500(1436) Libel EP (Warner)714 : Fertile Yerelonde, whiche myghte not be forborne But if Englond were nyghe as gode as lorne.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)419 : He ouer his sadell droue, And his steropes he forbare.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)3.219 : She must forbere first..the rychesse in whiche she now floweth.
b
- c1300 Assump.Virg.(1) (Cmb Gg.4.27)60 : Þeo þat in þe temple were, Ne miȝte noȝt hire forbere.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.1496 : Sche the charge myhte bere Of children, whiche the world forbere Ne mai, bot if it scholde faile.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)2.99 : Þei schoulde nat faste, ne forbere sherte.
- a1425 Ben.Rule(1) (Lnsd 378)28/32 : For þi þat te tyme is sua þat ye mai noht al forbere, for þi consentis sain Benet þat ye drinke ay litil.
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)30/15 : Camellez..may forbere drink twa dayes or three.
- (c1449) Pecock Repr.(Cmb Kk.4.26)505 : Summe forberen al lynnen fro her skyn.
- c1425(a1400) Wycl.Pseudo-F.(Dub 245)304 : Þus þise freris forberen fleshe.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)147 : How myht we [horses] be forborn?
5.
(a) To omit (something), to overlook or pass over (someone), to leave out; (b) to avoid (something), to shun, escape; (c) to neglect or fail to do (something); (d) to refuse or withhold (something).
Associated quotations
a
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)764 : Forbar he neyþe[r] tun ne gronge, Þat he ne toyede with his ware.
- c1375 SLeg.Concep.Virg.(Eg 1993)239 : He ne moste vorbore beo.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.885 : But al that thyng I moot as now forbere; I haue, God woot, a large feeld to ere.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.1768 : What man that mihte wepne bere, Of alle he wolde non forbere.
- (?a1439) Lydg.FP (Bod 263)8.3277 : I wil forbern and breefli passen heere, The surplusage lihtli ouerpasse.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1913 : I will noghte feyne ne forbere, bot faythfully tellen.
- c1475(c1445) Pecock Donet (Bod 916)84/8 : For schortnes, y forbere to sette her witnessing here.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)2130 : The myghtiest to this be not forborn, Ner they theryn that haue had exercise.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2344 : The man is bore To labour, which is noght forbore To hem that thenken forto thryve.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.6309 : And al the feture of thi face In such a wise I schal deface, That every man thee schal forbere.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)14560 : Þe land o Iude he has forborn, For þar þai hafe his ded forsuorn.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)1424 : He rekkiþ noght--þe cost may be forborn--Cristes hous to repare.
- c1450 Capgr.St.Kath.(Arun 396)1.74 : There may no shyp this cours forbere.
c
- c1390 11 Pains(3) (Vrn)110 : To heere godus wordus þei han forborn.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Pars.(Manly-Rickert)I.1035 : Thow shalt nat forbere to doon almesse, though men seen it.
- (c1443) Pecock Rule (Mrg M 519)174 : Werkis whiche y ouȝte to do and of whiche y absteyne and forbere.
- c1450(c1400) Vices & V.(2) (Hnt HM 147)15/34 : Þenke how ofte þou hast forbore to do honour and reuerence to hem þat þou art yholde.
d
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)1355 : Þat þe king of þis lond to þe emperour bere Þre þousend pound of seluer fram ȝere to ȝere As þe truage to rome, þat non vorbore nere.
- a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)430 : The membrys..Affter ther hed lyst to sue..To whom thentre was not fforbore.