Middle English Dictionary Entry
fō̆ngen v.
Entry Info
Forms | fō̆ngen v. Also fangen, faung-, feng-, fing-. Forms: 3 fō̆ngeth, fā̆nges, fē̆ngeth; p. fō̆nged, fā̆nged, fē̆nged; ppl. fō̆nged, fā̆nged. |
Etymology | fō̆ngen, fē̆ngen are analog. creations, replacing older fọ̄n (p. fẹ̄̆ng, ppl. fō̆ngen). These verbs are synonymous and are gradually replaced by cacchen. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: See also fon v.
1.
(a) To grasp or seize (something), take hold of, pick up; (b) to take (something) along or away; lead (someone); carry away (with one); (c) ~ feld, take the field, take up a position for battle; ~ leve, take leave, depart; ~ mete, take the measure (of something), measure; ~ the modes, ?catch the tune of a song, to sing; ~ rest, find rest; ~ slep, go to sleep; ~ to fe, take or have possession of; ~ (to) fere, take as a companion, find a companion; ~ (to) flight, flee, escape; also, take flight, fly away; ~ to frend, get as a friend, make friends with; ~ up herte, take heart, be brave; ~ wei, make (one's) way, go.
Associated quotations
a
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)41/719 : His swerd he gan fonge.
- c1330 St.Greg.(Auch)73/315 : Yuori tables long..Þer to he gan sone fong And seyȝe what þer was writen.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1363 : Syþen fonge þay her flesche, folden to home.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)299 : When þat I wil him fang With mi fingers.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)149 : Fangyn or latchyn: Apprehendo.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3308 : He fongede faste on þe feleyghes.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)4175 : Thomas of Multoun the keyes did ffong.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2971 : He tas a torche fra a tulke..Felly fangis it in his fist.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)30/245 : Now my gere will I fang and thederward draw.
b
- a1450(a1400) Athelston (Cai 175/96)299 : Sche callyd vpon a messangere, Bad hym a lettre ffonge.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)877 : He fanges [Dub: fongez] hire furthe, to Philip hire ledis.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1332 : He lokis þar woundis And faire fangis [Dub: fangez] his folke & fra þe fild wendis.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2217 : A full thousand he fangid [Dub: fonge] to fire þe foure ȝatis.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2879 : He bad him boun him belyue & on a blonk worth, Anoþire foole with him fange.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1367 : Maydons..Hurlet out of houses..ffongit no florence, ne no fyn pesys.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)88 : The fourches full fayre I fonge fro þe sydes.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)67/1257 : Þar was nane þat was made þe message to fannge [Ashm: gange].
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)31/805* : Of my faire foles, fang þe a hundreth.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.2558 : Straght unto Kaire his weie he fongeth.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)884 : Þat nwe songe þay songen ful cler..Ful fayre þe modez þay fonge in fere.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)457 : He fongez to þe flyȝt, & fannez on þe wyndez.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1556 : Hir leue fayre con scho fonge.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2753 : Nowe forriours fers vnto þe fyrthe rydez And foungez a faire felde and on fotte lyghttez.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)2799 : Appon a flate lawnde Oure folke fongen theire felde and fawghte them agaynes.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)423/48 : Might I hym fange vnto my fee, Of all my woo he wolde me wrake.
- a1450 Haile be þou hende (Corp-O 155)13 : For synne he fanged þe to fere.
- c1450(?a1400) Parl.3 Ages (Add 31042)572 : He fared into France to fongen thaire riste.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)508 : Þan scho fangis hire fliȝt & floȝe away swyth.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)766 : He..Farkis to ser Philip & fangis [Dub: fonges] his leue.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)988 : Letis all ferdschip at flee & fang [Dub: fongez] vp ȝour hertis.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2720 : Þou fangis [Dub: fonnges] me neuire to þi frynd.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)3634 : Þai fonge to þe fliȝt, be fifty at anes.
- c1450(?a1400) Siege Milan (Add 31042)984 : Go fonnge the anoþer fere.
- a1500(?a1400) SLChrist (Hrl 3909)576 : Hit ran a streme al day ful strong..thurgh-out þe water his way con fong.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)158/587 : I red now..et vs fownde a slepe to fang.
- 1607(?a1425) Chester Pl.(Hrl 2124)49/27 : 300 Cubytes it shall be long..of heighte 50 the mete thou fonge.
2.
To succeed (to a throne), inherit (property, empire); fongen to.
Associated quotations
- c1390 Ilke a wys (Vrn)29 : Þen al þi fee fonges but foode.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)540 : Þe fowre frekez of þe folde fongez þe empyre.
- c1425 Liber de Hyda in RS 4556 : Sewerte that whether of us lenger lyved that he fong to otherys lond and lordschyp.
3.
To capture (someone), take (prisoner), conquer (a country); to catch (fish or game); to seize (plunder), to steal; fig. to ensnare, beguile [quot.: a1410].
Associated quotations
- a1400(c1303) Mannyng HS (Hrl 1701)1471 : Þe fendes wende weyl hym to fonge.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)439 : Fele here porchasez & fongez pray.
- a1425(c1300) NHom.(1) Abp.& N.(Ashm 42)80 : How he might this ilk nonne fange.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)1249 : He fellez thi folke and fangez theire gudez.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)88/355 : We sall þam fang And marre þam or tomorne.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2629 : Darie..Sees his meneȝe so mynesch & his men fangid [Dub: fonged].
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2642 : Þan fange þai þis ilk freke.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)4177 : Our fryndys defelet, and fonget our godys.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)1372 : The Grekes..ffongit þere florence and oþer fyn gold.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)4399 : So mykel ffysche ffanged þai noȝt Þat thre ȝere before.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)5744 : In to þe Ile his hors to leede, Þat na thefe suld him fang.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)76/366 : Perchauns we sall thaym fang..or to morn at none.
- a1500 Mirror Salv.(Beeleigh)3 : The toure of Baris whilk was so verray stronge That all the werld fro two men with force moght noght it fonge.
4a.
(a) To receive (gifts, money, wages, etc.); acquire (by purchase); collect (taxes, tribute);--also fig.; (b) receive or partake of (food or clothing); (c) receive (light) by reflection.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)135 : Þis chapmen fengeþ þat child, þis breþren þat fe.
- ?a1300 Jacob & J.(Bod 652)459 : A! wher artou, mi deþ, whi neltou me fonge?
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)763 : Gode paniers dede he make..to beren fish inne, Vp o londe to selle and fonge.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.427 : Robert schulde feng every ȝere iii ml marc.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.99 : Þou unkynde contray, fong þou nouȝt my boones.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)6.48 : I nolde fonge a ferþing.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)16.202 : Fewe robis ich fonge, oþer forrede gounes.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)21/17 : Þe prestes were forbode to fonge more money of þe peple.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)30/13 : Of whom fangeþ þei tribute, of þe sones oþer of straungers?
- a1425 Iesu þat wolde (LdMisc 463)p.196 : Man þat al þe wike long Wirkeþ mete and hyre to fong.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)14.139 : For whan a werkman hath wrouȝte, þanne may men se..what he hath deserued; And nouȝt to fonge bifore.
- c1425 Siege Jerus.(1) (Hnt HM 128)1306 fn. : Fonged [Ld: He wexe marchaunte amys, þat þe money fenged, To sille so precyous a prince].
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)425 : I sall..Faunge the fermes in faithe of all þa faire rewmes.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Merlin (Corp-C 80)8500 : Non rawnsom wolden they fong, but lyf for lyf.
- c1475(c1399) Mum & S.(1) (Cmb Ll.4.14)4.46 : We beth seruantis and sallere fongen.
- (a1483) Tailors' Gild Exeter313 : Euery seruaunt that ffangyth wagys.
b
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.179 : Þe ouer lymes gouerneþ and ȝeueþ; þe neþer lymmes bereþ and serueþ; þe myddel fongeþ and deleþ aboute to oþer lymes.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)10.91 : Þat hath meny children, And hath no catel bote hus crafte to cloþy hem and to fede, And fele to fonge þerto.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3832 : The wynes delicat..Causen ful many an inconuenience, If þat a man outrageously hem fonge.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)24/79 : Than wille I..fange þis frute vnto owre foode.
c
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)114a/a : Þe myrour Isett tofore þe candele fongiþ liȝt of þe candele.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)115a/a : Þe mone..fongiþ liȝt of þe welle of plente of þe sonne.
4b.
(a) To receive (blessing, honor, spiritual rewards); obtain (justice); win (fame, supremacy, victory); (b) to receive (a blow); suffer or endure (death, hardship, shame, a wound, etc.); (c) to have (a reason or pretext for an action).
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10799 : Sannt Johaness fullhtninng wass Halsumm & god to fanngenn.
- a1275 Doomsday (Trin-C B.14.39)2 : Þer schal after his [werk] euch mon fongon mede.
- (1258) Procl.Hen.III in PST (1868)21 : Riȝt for to done and to foangen.
- c1300(c1250) Floris (Cmb Gg.4.27)91/300 : Which falleþ on þat furste flur Schal beo quene and fonge þonur.
- c1330(?c1300) Spec.Guy (Auch)265 : He shal fonge his iugement To ioye or to strong turment.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.2294 : It happeth ofte that he fongeth Worschipe and ese bothe tuo.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)23.5 : He sal fange of lauerd blissinge.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.270 : Faire grace Edward fanged in his tribulacion.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)479 : What more worschyp moȝt ho fonge.
- (a1402) Trev.Dial.MC (Hrl 1900)21/8 : Ȝe auȝt be sory & fonge remedye.
- a1450(1411) Many man (Dgb 102)162 : Of hem þou serued, fong þy fee.
- a1450 ?Audelay The pater noster (Dc 302)59 : Þat schulde our forward vs let heuen fore to fyng.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)220/16 : Emange þe philosofers firste Ther fanged I my fame.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)500 : Þe floure in þe filde I fangid.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1692 : His benyson to fang.
- a1500 Wars Alex.(Dub 213)3101 : Only of god, þis ouerlake þou fonges [Ashm: haues].
b
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)19/327 : Schame mote þu fonge.
- c1300 Horn (LdMisc 108)10/159 : He shal fonge [Hrl: fonde] Þe deth of mine honde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)176b/a : Þe men þere of ben stedfast..and gladde forto werreye and..to fonge strokes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)273b/a : Bubalus..is a fers beste and nought gladliche ytamed, noþer fongeþ gladliche þe ȝok on his nekke.
- ?a1400(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.2 (Petyt 511)p.329 : Þe first dome he fanged, for treson was he drawen.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)391 : I schal fange at þy fust þat I haf frayst here.
- a1425 Templ.Dom.(Add 32578)102 : Ouere-done colde ȝit sall he fange.
- c1460(a1449) Lydg.2 Merch.(Hrl 2255)817 : Everych is reedy to fonge deth for othir.
c
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)3.1111 : Non other reson thei ne fonge, Bot that thei ben of mihtes stronge.
5.
(a) To accept (a faith, a religion), subscribe to, believe in; (b) to receive (a sacrament); do (penance).
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)7.407 : I beclippe and fonge [L amplector] al holy writt.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.377 : She wolde reneye hir lay, And cristendom of preestes handes fonge.
- c1425 Glo.Chron.A (Hrl 201)p.73 : He willede anon in hys herte to fonge [B: take] Cristendom.
- a1475 Against Lollards (Vsp B.16)247 : Willerdome..That fals beleve is fayn to fonge.
- a1500 St.Kath.(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)7 : Yonge to Cryste sche can to fonge.
b
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)41/1140 : Ȝyf he hyt oþere wyse fangeþ, Ne takeþ ha bote þe syngne.
- c1390 Disp.Virg.& Cross (Vrn)173 : Whon ȝe fongen flesch in godes hous.
- a1400(c1300) NHom.(1) Knt.PW (Phys-E)142 : Þat god gif me his graz to fang One my bodi þis penanz strang.
6.
To assume or take on (a certain form, color, or nature).
Associated quotations
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)195b/b : It [a metal]..is vnobedient to fonge dewe shappe by betyng of hamour.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)10b/a : God..ȝeueth worchinge to alle þinges by þat he haueth vertu to fonge worchinge [L operationem].
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)207b/a : Non matiere is more able..þan is glas..to fonge peynture.
7.
(a) To permit (something) to enter, admit, receive, absorb; (b) to receive (someone as a guest), welcome; (c) to take (into one's care or protection), receive (a wife), adopt (a child); ?act as sponsor for [quot.St.Editha].
Associated quotations
a
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.57 : Þe grete see Ponticus..fongeþ þere þe ryuer Thanays.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)1.117 : Þe Dede see..fongeþ [L admittit] noþer water foules noþer fisshes.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)54a/a : Þe longen is a spirit þat blowiþ & meueþ and fongeþ and puttiþ out aier..and openeþ hymsilf to fonge and closiþ hymsilf to sende out ayer.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)152b/b : A welle takiþ and fangiþ hote vertue and sauour of waies and vaynes of erþe.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)244a/b : The roote..is neisshe and fatte in substaunce for to fonge þe bettre incorporacion of moysture.
b
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)27351 : Crist þe sinful bides lang And redijs him ai for to fang.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)919 : We haf fonged þat fyne fader of nurture.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)42.102 : Iosephes felischepe..that for synne þe wolde not hem fonge.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2478 : Bot, for ȝe fangid me noȝt faire, fired is ȝour schippis, Ȝour burȝe is bretind.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)366 : He fongid þo freikes with a fine chere, With hailsyng of hed bare, haspyng in armys.
- a1500(?a1400) Morte Arth.(2) (Hrl 2252)3503 : The ladyes..Curteysly the kynge gan they fonge.
c
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)2646 : Þer man schal yfinde me To fong þat child.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)4.265 : Þe aungel charged hym [Joseph]..þat he schulde fonge [vr. fange] hir [Mary] wiþoute drede.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)47.3 : God in his houses be knawen sa! When þat he has fanged [L suscipiet] ite al.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)2235 : Seynt Ede hurre-self was redy þo þere To fonge to þe childe, as he had y-teyȝt.
8.
To undertake (a task), accept (a challenge), endeavor (to do something).
Associated quotations
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)970 : Pray him..Þat he þe batail for ous fong Oȝain þe steward.
- a1425 Siege Troy(1) (LinI 150)36/456 : Þe kyng..biddes him take his ost anon And fongon to avengyn him of his fon.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)599 : I shall fonge you to forther.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)36/47 : Enforme hem wele..þat þei ffonge oure lord god to plese.
9.
(a) To begin (an action), to begin or resume (a narrative); (b) to proceed, go.
Associated quotations
a
- a1350(1307) Execution Fraser (Hrl 2253)89 : Nou ichulle fonge þer ich er let, ant tellen ou of frisel.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2197 : Þan fangis him vp þe fell kyng a fuyll feyned laȝtir.
b
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)253/290 : Late vs fange on in fere.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1990 : Fyne, fole, of þi fare, & fange to þi kythis.
- a1475(a1450) Tourn.Tott.(Hrl 5396)193 : He saw Tyrry away with Tyb fang.
- a1500(?c1400) Song Roland (Lnsd 388)577 : We bid to long. In cristis name let vs furthe fonge.
10.
To attack (someone); to molest.
Associated quotations
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1135 : Ȝunge sedes springe & growe, Ne dar no fuȝel þarto uonge [Jes-O: fonge].
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)14023 : Paris..the fell kyng fonnget to dethe.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)819 : Þus with þe floure in þe fild, he fangid [Dub: fongez] his enmy.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)265 : He..made hym redy boun For to assayle the citee and haue it fongid With might of menne.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- a1275 Louerd asse þu ard (Trin-C B.14.39)83 : Caymes teouþinke fule heo was ifunden; mit alle tricherie ho was iwonden þe smek nes ifunken af ure heuene kinke.
Note: ?This word - ed. emends to 'iwunke'
Note: New spelling
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)8.189 : Kyng Iohn recusede and wolde in no wise fonge Stevene [of] Langtoun, archebisshop of Caunterbury.
Note: New gloss for 7.: to accept (sb. to an appointment)