Middle English Dictionary Entry
fō̆nden, -ien v.
Entry Info
Forms | fō̆nden, -ien v. Also vond(i)en, fanden, faunden. Ppl. i-)fō̆nded, fonde, fonte. |
Etymology | OE fandian, gefandian. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. afonden, founden.
1.
(a) To put (a person, his strength, skill, etc.) to a test or trial; to try the worth of; also, to prove (a person) worthy by trial; (b) to make trial (of a person's or animal's strength); (c) to put (God) on trial; to tempt (God); to try the patience (of God).
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)13459 : He uondede heom mid worde.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)17899 : Mærlin..fonde þi seoluen & fæie us of þan tacne.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)73/17,28 : Godd ne wile naht þoliȝen of none his icorene more te fondin ðanne he muȝe þolien..Bute he arst bie ȝefanded ðurh regule.
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)25/243 : Þu [God] fondedest abraham & fundest him treowe.
- c1300 SLeg.Judas (Hrl 2277)113 : Oure louerd him [Judas] makede apostle to fondi his mod.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)3823 : Hii fondede hor steden uerst.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4034 : Ȝe louerdinges..þat ich abbe in conseil & in batayle Ifonded.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)4904 : Hii bi come..wel yfonded in armes.
- c1390(?c1350) Jos.Arim.(Vrn)505 : He frusschede hem with and fondede his strengþe.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)16.4 : Þou fanded mi hert..and in me nes funden wickedhed.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)19.249 : God..fondede me ferst my faire sone ysaac, To make sacrifice of hym.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.8266 : Vlixes went with his swerde in honde: He kylleth, sleth, & knyȝtly gan him fonde.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)316 : A knyght, Þat soght aventurs in þat land My body to asai and fande.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)2336 : Ten fyne Philisofours to fand [vr. fond] with my wittes.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1856 : Brutus hine lette witen wel mid þan beste for to leten fondien of his main stronge.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30092 : Heore maines heo uondeden wel ueole siðen.
c
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)102/17 : Mon ne sceal..his Drihten God fondiæn.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)11374 : Þatt tu þin Godd ne fande.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.Pentec.(Lamb 487)93 : Hwi iwearð hinc swa þet ȝit dursten fondian godes.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3368 : Þat stede was cald temptatio, for he ðo god fondeden so.
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)105.14 : Þai fanded god in drines.
2.
To subject (a person) to trial by tempting him with sin; to tempt to evil;-- (a) with obj.; (b) with to phrase; (c) absol.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)98/21 : For hwon nolde þe deofel fanden Moysen & Heliam swa he ure Hælend fondode?
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12455 : Þatt he wollde Þa fandenn Crist wiþþ deofless crafft To witenn whatt he wære.
- a1200 Trin.Hom.(Trin-C B.14.52)87 : Swiche hertes fondeð þe fule gost.
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)264/110 : Heo was ofte and sore I-fondet of hire hote flesch þoruȝ þe feondes lore.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)170 : Iesu crist..ne þoleþ þet no vyend ous uondy ouer oure miȝte.
- c1390 Castle Love(1) (Vrn)903 : My fflesch me fondeþ to spille Wiþ Glotenye.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)4335 : Sco fanded ioseph many dai.
- a1425(c1300) NHom.(1) Abp.& N.(Ashm 42)p.79 : So was he fondid inwardelie With brinnand lust of liccherie.
b
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)29.13 : The devel..fondede to Eve there forto gon, To Maken here to Eten of that tre Anon.
c
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)46 : Of þise zenne uondeþ þe dyeuel in vif maneres.
- c1350 NPass.(Rwl C.655)127/107* : Seynt bernarde saieþ he [the Devil] may to fonde, Bote in þe it is to falle or stonde.
3.
(a) To subject (a substance, object, practice, etc.) to testing or examination; test, examine;-- early also with gen. obj.; (b) to sample or taste (food, drink).
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)122.105/2 : Ȝif þu þanne mid orðance þises þinges fondian wille.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)49a : As þe goltsmið fondeð þet gold i þe fure.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1442 : Hit nuste neauer hwat hit was, For þi hit þohte fondi was [read: þas].
- a1400 NVPsalter (Vsp D.7)11.7 : Siluer fraisted with þe fire, Fanded [vr. fonded; L probatum] of erþe.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)170 : Her fygure fyn, quen I had fonte.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)565 : Of destines derf & dere, What may mon do bot fonde?
- a1450 LDirige(1) (Dgb 102)242 : Bot spare þou, lord, to þe synne of me, Ne wilne noȝt deme, my werkes ȝe fande.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30679 : His win he lette fonden.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)542 : Þe erth [gives man] þe tast to fele and faand [Frf: fande; Göt: fond; Trin-C: Fonde].
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)205 : Rynisch wyne..In faucetez of fyn golde fonode who so lykes!
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3371 : Scho bade me fyrthe noghte þe fruyte bot fonde whills me likede: Fonde of þe fyneste, thow freliche byer[y]ne.
4.
To put (a proposition) to the test of experience; to try to find out or discover (the answer to a question) by experiment or inquiry;--with clause.
Associated quotations
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)24/21 : Bead heom þa þet heo..sceolden..fondian hwæðer heom god almihtiȝ æniȝ oðer asendon wolde.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)3820 : To fandenn ȝiff þeȝȝ muȝhenn swa Þe Demess are winnenn.
- a1225(?OE) Vsp.A.Hom.(Vsp A.22)239 : God þurh his mucele milce ne letes us nefer fandie.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2949 : Ærst ic wille fondien whulchere beo mi beste freond.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)16314 : Betere beoð ure fifti þænne heore fif hundred: þat heo feole siðen ifonded [Otho: i-funde] habbeoð.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)24b : Hali men witen wel þe ðe habbeð hit ifondet, þet euch eorðlich gleadunge is unwurð her toȝeines.
- a1350 Harrow.H.(Hrl 2253)68 : Forte..fonden [vrr. witen, loke] hou we pleyen here.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)4.3109 : Fulofte Sche fondeth in hire briddes forme, If that sche mihte hirself conforme To do the plesance of a wif.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)291 : If any freke be so felle to fonde þat I telle.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)169/264 : I schall thynke on þam wele, To ffonde what is folowand.
- a1500 St.Anne(3) (Tan 407)303 : It were good to fond ȝyf good god wold helpyn hem.
5.
(a) To experience (hardships, pleasures, etc.); to suffer (hunger, pain, etc.); to enjoy or indulge in (pleasures, love-making, etc.); (b) to have or enjoy (a woman's favor).
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)147 : Of hunger..of festen..of pine..Hefð he ifonded [vrr. fonded, uonded].
- c1225(?c1200) SWard (Bod 34)26/239 : Þet schulen alle uuele fondin & ifinden.
- c1225(?c1200) HMaid.(Bod 34)44/466 : Þeo þe fondið ham [sexual pleasures] meast.
- ?c1250 Litel uotit (Eg 613)4 : Hure swete Leuedi þat muchel þerof [true love] haud fondet.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)151 : Hei schal fonde Þe dent of myne honde.
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)1514 : He ariuede in yrlonde, Þer he wo fondede.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3476 : He ðe..an weige made in ðe se And let adam fonden ðe tre.
- a1350 Lutel wot hit (Hrl 2253)4 : A fre wymmon þat muche of loue had fonde [rime: stonde].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1421 : And sche [Venus] which thoghte hire lustes fonde, Diverse loves tok in honde.
b
- a1400 Amis (Eg 2862)29 : Two barouns hend wonyd in lond And had two ladyes free to fond.
- c1450(?a1400) Roland & O.(Add 31042)1284 : Scho kiste hym thryse..Þat Mayden faire to fande.
- c1600(c1350) Alex.Maced.(Grv 60)740 : Hee..fonded hur fleshlych.
6.
(a) To try to find, look for, seek (persons, things); (b) to search out or explore (a place).
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)6614 : He wolde aȝen..fondien his broðer.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)16316 : Seoððen heo an londe fondeden leoden.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)939 : Þat is þe cyte þat þe Lombe con fonde To soffer inne.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)113/44 : I will go gete vs light for-thy, And fewell fande with me to bryng.
- a1500(?a1400) KEdw.& S.(Cmb Ff.5.48)416 : Ȝet i rede þat þou fande Þan any forster in þis land An arow for to drawe.
- c1500(?a1437) ?Jas.I KQ (SeldArch B.24)st.127 : Thy request to procure, and to fonde Off thy pennance sum confort at my hond.
b
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)10840 : Þis aungel sende þe trinite..Nazareth þe toun to fond.
- a1450 St.Editha (Fst B.3)2561 : Þey wenton to þe Tombe..& vondeden þat place..Tylle þey þat blessud body hadden y-saye.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)4871 : Fra þens oure note men be northe nymes þaim þe way, And þat þan fonde all þe flote fiftene dayis.
7.
To try, attempt, assay, endeavor, strive (to do something);-- (a) with inf.; (b) without inf.
Associated quotations
a
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)12300 : He fandeþþ þa to lacchenn þe Þurrh trapp off modiȝnesse.
- ?a1300 Sayings St.Bern.(Dgb 86)113 : He fondeþ to chaunge þi þout.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.King (LdMisc 108)18 : Into is lond he wende a-non to fondi [vr. fondie] him to quelle.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)9600 : King henri wondede [vr. fondede] muche to abbe men in offis..þat of conseil were..wis.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)778 : Y wolde wel fayne fonde..make þe vp to stonde.
- a1425(?a1350) 7 Sages(2) (Glb E.9)264 : And fandes to get childer ma.
- c1430(c1380) Chaucer PF (Benson-Robinson)257 : Ful besyly men gonne assaye and fonde Upon his hed to sette..Garlondes.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)683 : Suld we..hertli faunde for to fulfil All þat oure souerayn telles vs till.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)90/382 : Have ȝe no drede, But faynde ay god to plese.
- c1450(a1425) MOTest.(SeldSup 52)4238 : I sall asay and fand [vr. laboure] sum of his fors to fell.
- c1450 Whanne marye was greet (Lamb 853)240 : Foond we to defend oure place.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)22/192 : Take þis appyl in þin hond and to byte þer of þou ffond.
b
- c1300 SLeg.(LdMisc 108)280/67 : Huy wolden ȝeot fondi more.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)2938 : Go we and speken wið hem get, And fonden wið ðis token bet.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)341 : O[liuer] þat was wel fre to fond, tok is leue to fare.
- ?c1400 Prid man (Hrl 957)p.260 : Thou sal bathe fraist and fanday.
8.
To try, attempt, strive, set about, or undertake (an action, a deed); to pursue (adventures);-- (a) with obj.; (b) absol.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)15499 : Þe king..bad heom [wisemen] leoten weorpen & fondien leod-runen.
- c1300 SLeg.Becket (LdMisc 108)682 : He wende eft in-to þe se þe passage for-to fonde.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)1064 : Nov Gij wendeþ in-to fer lond, More of auentours for to fond.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)2.929 : He..goth to seke Ayein the Scottes forto fonde The werre which he tok on honde.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)38a/a : Þe vertue..myȝte not at þe fulle worche as he fondid.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)132 : Þey ryued al a londe of Auntres to here & fonde.
- c1440 Degrev.(Thrn)118 : He was in þe Haly Lande, Dedis of armes for to fande [Cmb: fond; rime: Lond].
- a1450 7 Sages(3) (Cmb Dd.1.17)1487-9 : Al that day scho fonded hyre flygt, How scho myght agayens nyght Fonden a tale al newe.
b
- c1300(?c1225) Horn (Cmb Gg.4.27)730 : In to vncuþe londe Wel more for to fonde, Ischal wune þere Fulle seue ȝere.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)284 : Ȝif þou wilt noȝt here be ac wolt fonde more.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)1228 : For ȝong man þat is miȝti In his ȝouþe schal fondi, So þat men may him in erþe preyse.
9.
(a) To concern or busy oneself (about something); to deal with (someone);--with of phrase or inf.; (b) to be concerned, take care;--with that clause.
Associated quotations
a
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)27b : De odoribus non satago nimis..Of smeallis..ne fondi [Nero: uond] ich nawt mucheles.
- c1330 Roland & V.(Auch)470 : So hard he was to fond, Þat no dint of brond No greued him apliȝt.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)1682 : In þe kechene..arn crafti men manye, þat fast fonden alday to flen wilde bestes.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)3629 : Þei..bisiliche fondede fast to ferke him forþward.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.159 : Vplondisshemen..fondeþ wiþ greet besyness for to speke Frensce.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)126a/a : Þe more þe day drawiþ towarde ende, þe more þe wise werkman fondiþ [L conatur] to make ende of his day work.
- c1400(?c1380) Cleanness (Nero A.10)1103 : For fetys of his fyngeres fonded he never Nauþer to cout ne to kerve with knyf.
- c1450 Whanne marye was greet (Lamb 853)51 : Þritti ȝeer þei [devils] foondid faste To tempte ihesu.
b
- c1300 SLeg.Brendan (Hrl 2277:Wright)p.26 : Ich bidde ȝou..that ȝe fondie in alle wyse That ich bileve her.
- a1400 Floris (Eg 2862)55 : We auȝt to fonde Þat Florens lyf wit menske in londe.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)656 : Faunde my forestez be frythede.
- c1450(?a1402) *?Trev.Reg.Princ.(Dgb 233)7b/a : A man fondeth in al manner wise that he may come to his ende.
10.
? =founden v. (1): to proceed, go, depart, betake (oneself), rush, advance in attack, etc.
Associated quotations
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)2.21 : Here schippes fondes, And ofte helpeþ meny londes.
- a1450(c1410) Lovel.Grail (Corp-C 80)14.218 : Ryht forth Into the pres tho gan he fonde [rime: honde].
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)142/149 : I pray þe..fande þe furthe faste for to flee.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)1196 : To fande [vr. founde] him furth.
- c1450(?a1400) Wars Alex.(Ashm 44)5277 : With gomes..Fondand on all foure, on fote & on handis.
- a1500(?a1400) Torrent (Chet 8009)2369 : Lordys of other lond, Euery one to other ffond.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1390 NHom.Narrat.(Vrn)16.270/868 : Crist, his sone, God wolde not spare To beo fondet..And siþen slen him
Note: New spelling
Note: New construction for sense (a)--per MJW
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)100/53 : Bot þou wylle wondy, man Þy pyne after þy deth, Wonde þe sorȝe þat hys her Folȝende after þy queed.
Note: New spelling