Middle English Dictionary Entry

failen v.
Quotations: Show all Hide all

Entry Info

Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)

I.
To fail in expectation, performance, truth.
1.
Of persons, things, etc.: to fail or disappoint (a person, etc.) in trust or expectation; to withhold expected aid from (a person), forsake (a person); to prove wanting at need, or deficient on trial; failen at (in, on) nede; --(a) with obj.; (b) with for or to phrase; (c) absol.; (d) with two objs.: to withhold (something expected) from (someone).
2.
(a) Of persons: to be wanting, delinquent, or slack in performance of duties; also, to neglect to perform a duty or to fulfil a promise or other obligation;--with in or of phrase, obj., or absol.; (b) of fighting men: not to stand up to the enemy; to give way before the enemy.
3a.
Of persons: to go wrong in practice of one's profession; make a mistake; also, of the practice or means: to go or be wrong.
3b.
Of persons: To go wrong in belief, depart from truth, be in error; also, of the belief, etc.: to be wrong or in error.
3c.
Of a rule or sign: to prove misleading; also, of a proposition: to prove unfounded.
II.
To be unsuccessful, miss, avoid.
4a.
To be unsuccessful in accomplishing a purpose, realizing a hope, obtaining a thing desired;-- (a) with of phrase; (b) with inf.; (c) absol.
4b.
Of a purpose, design, hope, etc.: to prove unsuccessful; to be unrealized; to miscarry, go wrong.
4c.
Of crops, seeds, land: to prove unproductive, fail to grow.
5a.
To be unsuccessful in hitting a mark with a blow or missile; to miss (a mark);--with of (the blow), of (the mark), obj. of the mark, or absol.
5b.
To miss or lose (one's footing).
5c.
To fall short of reaching a location.
5d.
5e.
To miss the presence ( of a person expected); to find (something) missing;--with of (the person).
5f.
To leave out, omit (a word).
6.
To miss getting, fail to obtain;--with of phrase, obj., or absol.
7.
To leave (any action) undone; to omit, avoid, or escape (any action or result); fail (to act, do, or be as affirmed);--with inf. or cl.
III.
To lack, be lacking.
8.
Of persons, etc.: (a) to lack, want, be without (anything); (b) to have lack (of anything), not to have; (c) to be lacking (in anything);--also impers. with obj. of the person.
9a.
Of anything: to be lacking, missing, or absent;-- (a) simply; (b) with obj.; (c) with fro, to, with phrase.
9b.
(a) Of numbers: to be wanting for completion of a certain amount;--usually impers.; (b) of a figure: to lack something, to be incomplete.
IV.
To suffer loss of supply, permanence, or function; to become exhausted, etc.
10.
(a) Of food, goods, etc.: to run short in supply, become scarce or used up;--simply or with personal obj.; (b) of persons, etc.: to run out of, suffer deprivation of (food, supplies, goods, etc.);--with obj. of the thing or with of phrase.
11.
(a) Of anything considered with respect to continuing existence or function, persistence, permanence, etc.: to cease to exist or to function, come to an end, lapse, vanish, pass away; ppl. transient; (b) of a period of time: to pass by or come to an end.
12.
(a) Of material objects: to break down, go to pieces, suffer destruction; (b) of vegetable matter: to lose freshness, wither, decay; (c) of light, the sun: to grow dim; (d) of the moon: to wane; (e) of the wind: to die down.
13a.
Of a person's strength, spirits, courage, etc.: to grow feeble or vanish; of the limbs, organs, or faculties: to lose or lack the power to function; also, to cease giving support to, or cease functioning for (the person); to fail (the person);-- (a) simply; (b) with personal obj.; (c) with for phrase.
13b.
Of persons, etc.: to suffer loss of vigor; to grow feeble or exhausted.
13c.
Of persons: to lack or lose (courage, sight, breath, etc.) [cp. sense 8.].
13d.
failen countenaunce (chere), to lose (composure).

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)3.229 : Þis Darius, after þat he hadde recouered by bataille þe Assiries and þe Babyloyns þat faillede from his kyngdom, he ordeynede werre and bataille.
  • Note: New sense
    Note: Higd.(2): goen; L deficientes

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • a1500 GLeg.Suppl.Edw. (Add 35298:Hamer)12/374 : The pope..sente hym a bulle sealid with led, in the which he wrote a clere absolucion and assoyling the kyng from the [bonde] of his avowe in the which he drad to haue falle in, and ioyned hym in penaunce.
  • Note: Editor's note: "falle in: failed in the performance of; MED failen does not record this spelling."
    Note: New form.

Supplemental Materials (draft)

  • ?c1400(1379) Daniel *Treat.Uroscopy (Roy 17.D.1)f.14rb (1.4) : When Y say 'age,' vnderstonde þat o maner of vryn oweþ for to be in..agede folk and anoþer maner in folk failend for elde.
Note: New spelling (pr. ppl.): failend. Editor's gloss: 'lacking (in)'.