Middle English Dictionary Entry
dū̆st n.
Entry Info
Forms | dū̆st n. Also doust, doste, dyste, thuste (?= the duste). |
Etymology | OE dūst; also cp. dȳstig. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) Dust; fig. a grain of dust as something of no value; driven the ~ in eie, to throw dust in (someone's) eyes, dupe (sb.); (b) ashes; brennen to ~; (c) debris, refuse, rubbish; fragments, pieces; chirche ~, rubbish in a church; don to ~, to destroy (sth.); driven to ~, destroy (sth.); also, be destroyed; fallen to ~, fall to pieces, disintegrate; heuen to ~, chop (sth.) to pieces; riven to ~, tear (sth.) to pieces; etc.; (d) any pulverized or finely ground substance, powder; milne ~, fine floury dust thrown out by a grain mill, mill dust; (e) scali ~, dandruff; (f) in surnames and place names.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)27645 : Swa þode doð on felde þenne he þat dust [Otho: doust] heȝe aȝiueð from þere eorðe.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)85b : Hwen ha wule hire hus cleansin, ha gedereð al þe greaste..þrefter o þe smeale dust..ha flaskeð weater & swopeð ut.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)6 : Alle hise fet steppes After him he filleð, Drageð dust wið his stert.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)108/12 : Þe zonne byam sseweþ..þet doust þet byeþ beneþe ine þe house.
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))Mat.10.14 : Smytith awey the dust fro ȝoure feet.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3748 : Who froteth now his lippes With dust, with sond, with straw, with clooth, with chippes?
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)23786 : For a littel lust, A druri þat es bot a dust, We thral vs til vr ful fa.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)523 : He dryues wyth droȝt þe dust for to ryse.
- (1434) Misyn ML (Corp-O 236)121/34 : Sayntis feet..draw duste of þe erth.
- a1450(?a1390) Mirk Fest.Win.(Cld A.2)317/5 : Scheo wypte hyre face with hyr hande of þe duste [Gough: dwst] þat was þeronne.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)531 : Doust drof vpon lofte.
- c1450(a1375) Octav.(2) (Clg A.2)1029 : Þauȝ þe gypon wer full of dust.
- c1483(?a1450) OT in Caxton Gold.Leg.(Caxton)f.57rb : The third vengeange that god sente to them was a grete multitude of hongry horseflyes, as many as thuste of therthe [cp. Vulg. Exod.8.17: pulvis terrae], which were on men & bote them & beestis.
- a1500 Who carpys (Trin-C O.9.38)p.28 : For to dryve the dowste yn hys eye.
b
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)31/3 : Nim þu beferes herþan and barne to duste.
- c1175(?OE) HRood (Bod 343)28/28 : Þet heo ðone lichame..wolden..to duste forbernon.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1636 : Swillc lif..iss turrnedd all þurrh fir Off soþfasst lufe o Criste Till dusst.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)9425 : Al þa wunliche burh heo barnden to duste [Otho: douste].
- a1250(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Glb A.19)510 : [A1]le cinnes madmes to duste scal melten.
- c1300 SLeg.Edm.King (LdMisc 108)26 : Þane toun he barnde al to douste.
- c1300 SLeg.Little Jew (Hrl 2277)314/38 : Þat folc nom þe childes fader..& al to douste brende.
- c1325(c1300) Glo.Chron.A (Clg A.11)2890 : Þe king vortiger was ybarnd to doust.
- (a1387) Trev.Higd.(StJ-C H.1)5.107 : He..þrewe powder and dust [vr. doust; Higd.(2) asches; L cinere] on his owne heed.
- a1425 KAlex.(LinI 150)889 : Þou schalt beo hongid..And afterward to dust brenne.
c
- c1225(?c1200) St.Juliana (Bod 34)35/363 : Ich..makede..godes deore temple to driuen al to duste.
- a1275(?c1150) Prov.Alf.(Trin-C B.14.39)179 : Madmes monie..sollen wurþen to nout, to duste it sullin driuen.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3905 : It [the brazen serpent] was to duste don.
- a1325 SLeg.Chris.(Corp-C 145)189 : Þis wymmen..hewe hem [idols] to doste.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)104 : [I] wil..& dyngen hem al to douste [rime: iouste].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9110 : He wald men raf it al to dust.
- c1400(c1378) PPl.B (LdMisc 581)20.99 : Deth..al to doust passhed Kynges & knyȝtes, kayseres and popes.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)2276 : Þat whils scho rubes a-way þe rust þe vessel fal not alto dust.
- (1454-5) Acc.St.Ewen in BGAS 15158 : For caryeng a way of the churche dust.
- (1467) Ordin.Wor.374 : That no Sadeler, bochour, Baker..caste intrelle, ne fylth of Bestes donge, or doust over Severne brugge.
- (1469) Acc.St.Michael Cornhill in Camd.102175 : Caryng awey of the chirche dust whan the pewes were made clene.
d
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)12/8 : Þriddan dæl receles dustes.
- ?a1200(?OE) PDidax.(Hrl 6258b)47/5 : Nim..dyles sædes..and gnid hit to duste.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)27b : Dust of dearne sedes makeð a swote smeal.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)3339 : To dust he it [manna] grunden and maden bread.
- 1381 Pegge Cook.Recipes (Dc 257)92 : Nym the lyre of the hennyn..and hakkyth smale and grynd hit al to dust.
- (a1399) Form Cury (Add 5016)68 : Take Almandes blaunched and grynde hem al to doust.
- c1465(?1373) *Lelamour Macer (Sln 5)1b : A plaister of sache [read: ache (or smalache)] and doust of mylk [read: myll (or myln); cp. ME Macer (ed. Frisk, p.83): mele or flour of whete] and eggis by even porcion helpith.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)102a/b : Laye þeron..mele þat is called mylne duste.
- ?c1425 *Chauliac(2) (Paris angl.25)187a/b : Farina volatilis, mylne duste [L Farina volatilis molendini] is knowen colde and drye.
- a1400 Siege Jerus.(1) (LdMisc 656)719 : Þer is doust for ȝour drynke!
- a1500 Ld.Cook.Recipes (LdMisc 553)112 : Nym rys..& bray hem al to doust in a morter.
e
- ?a1450 Macer (Stockh Med.10.91)78 : Oynte with þis oyle þin erys of þe hede, and it wole destroye þe skaly dust of hit.
f
- (1203) in Pipe R.Soc.n.s.16217 : Walterus Dust.
- (c1273) Hundred R.Tower 1475b : Rad. Dustegate.
- (1297) Sub.R.Yks.in YASRS 16152 : Joh. Dust.
- (?1325) Doc.Manor in MP 3441 : Unam acram que dicitur Dustlond.
- (1327) Sub.R.Som.in Som.RS 3183 : Hugo Dust.
2.
(a) The ground, the dirt; also fig. slepen (dwellen) in ~, to be in one's grave; (b) the material substance of which the human body is created and to which it returns; ~ and asshe(s.
Associated quotations
a
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Job 7.21 : Now Y schal slepe in dust.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Is.26.19 : Thi deed men schulen lyue..ȝe that dwellen in dust, awake.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)310/36 : Ever ye thretyn me I shall be betyn wyth knyghtes that we mete, but ever..they all lye in the duste or in the myre.
- a1500(c1340) Rolle Psalter (UC 64)p.501 : Raysand the nedy out of dust.
b
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)86/19 : Gewende þæt dust, þæt is þe lichame, into þare eorðan þe he ær of com.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)130/26 : Þenne beoð..þe lichame..to dyste iwordon.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)223,225 : Þu æart dust and þu awenst to duste.
- ?c1335 Þe grace of godde (Hrl 913)12 : In to duste we schulliþ wende.
- (1340) Ayenb.(Arun 57)137/12 : He nes bote esssse and doust [Vices & V.(2): dust].
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)4124 : Many [a day] hade i be ded and to dust roted.
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)22803 : He þat doþ flesshe be erþe & dust May make it flesshe.
- a1425(c1395) WBible(2) (Roy 1.C.8)Gen.18.27 : Sithen Y am dust and aische.
- a1500 Imit.Chr.(Dub 678)76/3 : Þouȝ I be dust & asshen.
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- c1475 Yale-BA.Artist.Recipes (Yale-BA R486.M43 1450) 95/28 : Set hit in the sone to dry, and kepe hit wel frome douste and frome fylthe.
Note: Additional quote, ?prob. sense (a).
Supplemental Materials (draft)
- ?a1425 Glo.34.Add Stain.Recipes (Glo 34 Add.) 227/21 : Blak most be mad in þis maner: schaue dest [Eg 2852: doust], and seþe hem togeder and stop hit yn a pot of erþe and put þerto lymail of yron, and vse hit cold.
Note: Glossary: "dest, doust(e n. 'perh. dust, ashes, or drast (of ink)'."
Note: Unclear: sth. (?debris, refuse, rubbish) is being ?shaved (?scraped, grated, cut up). Put here following Clarke.