Middle English Dictionary Entry
dẹ̄r n.
Entry Info
Forms | dẹ̄r n. Also deor, dor, dur, dier; (in cpds.) dar-, dir(i-. Pl. dẹ̄r & dẹ̄res, deores, dueres & dẹ̄re, (early) deoran, deoren, (late) deare. |
Etymology | OE dēor beast. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A wild animal; esp., a quadruped (in some early quots.: ?a deer); also, an ant, fish, etc.; (b) wilde ~, a wild animal; (c) a domesticated animal; (d) clene (unclene) ~, an animal ceremonially clean (unclean) in Heb. law; (e) one of the four Evangelistic symbols.
Associated quotations
a
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.MQuad.(Hrl 6258B)2/11 : Gefoh þat deor [the badger], & him of cwicun þa teþ ado.
- ?a1160 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1135 : Pais he makede men & dær.
- c1175(?OE) Bod.Hom.(Bod 343)86/32 : Tweȝen þisseræ dæle habbæð deor & nyten mid us.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)13468 : Forr þatt teȝȝ sholldenn hunntenn, Acc nohht wtþþ hundess affterr der.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)20852 : He [the fox] weneð to beon of duȝeðe, baldest alre deoren [Otho: deore].
- a1225 Lamb.Hom.Pater N.(Lamb 487)89 : Alle dor and fuȝel ifliht lete he makede adunriht.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1126 : And þu..Bi-werest manne corn urom dore [Jes-O: deore].
- ?c1250 Somer is comen & (Eg 613)59 : He was to-drawe, so dur islawe in chace.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)205 : Do we forði so doð ðis der [the ant].
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)306 : Listneð nu a wunder ðat tis der [the fox] doð for hunger.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)4025 : Al-so leun is migtful der.
- a1350 In may hit murgeþ (Hrl 2253)2 : In May hit murgeþ when hit dawes in dounes wiþ þis dueres plawes.
- c1330(?a1300) Arth.& M.(Auch)6797 : Man & woman vrn so dere.
- a1425-a1500(?c1350) Libeaus (Kaluza)1187 : But sone he was besette As deer [vrr. þeer, fisch, a ffish, þe fysche] is in a nette.
- c1540(?a1400) Destr.Troy (Htrn 388)331 : Grete greues full grene, grecfull of dere, Wilde bestes to wale was þere enow.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)2638 : Tho turpyn was by-set As a der in the net.
- a1500 Bevis (Cmb Ff.2.38)74/85 : Ratons & myse and soche smale dere..was hys mete.
b
- ?a1200(OE) Hrl.HApul.(Hrl 6258B:Berberich)95.54/2 : Omnes bestias malas canto, þat is on englis: besing & oforcum ealle wide [read: wilde] yfele deor.
- a1225(OE) Lamb.Hom.VA (Lamb 487)115 : Þene bið his erd ihened..on wilde deoran.
- a1225(?c1175) PMor.(Lamb 487)143 : Swines brede is swiðe swete; swa is of wilde dore [vrr. dere, deore, diere].
- c1225(?c1200) St.Marg.(1) (Bod 34)22/27 : Þe wurmes & te wilde deor þet o þis wald wunieð libbet efter þe lahe.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)1012 : Hi..libbeþ al so wilde dor [Jes-O: deor].
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)296 : A wilde der is..of fele wiles; fox is hire to name.
- ?a1300 Names Hare (Dgb 86)31-2 : Þe wilde der, þe lepere, þe shorte der, þe lorkere.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)178 : God made wirme and wilde der.
- c1330(?c1300) Guy(1) (Auch)6342 : In þat on half orn þe riuer, In þat oþer half forest wiþ wilde dere.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Th.(Manly-Rickert)B.1926 : He koude hunte at wilde deer.
- a1400(?a1350) Siege Troy(1) (Eg 2862)492 : We..hunted þe wyld dere [LinI: deor].
c
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)1201 : Gat iss..Gal deor & stinnkeþþ fule.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6966 : Þatt follc rideþþ onn a der þatt iss Dromeluss nemmnedd.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)10441 : Þe sho..þe þwang..eȝȝþerr iss þe fell off dæde deoress.
- a1225(c1200) Vices & V.(1) (Stw 34)93/12 : Ich am imaked al swo a dier [L jumentum] swinkende beforen ðe.
- c1275(?c1250) Owl & N.(Clg A.9)493 : Vor none dor no leng nabideþ, ac eurich upon oþer rideþ, þe sulue stottes ine þe stode Boþ..merewode.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)4032 : And efte he sacrede deres mor.
d
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)14558 : Þeȝȝ..tokenn þiderr..Off alle kinne cwike der, Off clene & off unnclene.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)611 : He is let ut flegen, crepen, and gon, wið-uten ilc seuend clene der ðe he sacrede on an aucter.
e
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)5994 : Illc an haliȝ mann þatt rihht Drihhtiness laȝhess haldeþþ Iss tacnedd þurrh þa fowwre deor.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)5998 : Þatt deor..wass i manness like.
- c1175 Orm.(Jun 1)6054 : Þatt deor..wass inn ærness like.
2.
(a) A deer; falwe ~, red ~, wilde ~; (b) deerskin; (c) blouen the ~, ?to blow a blast on a hunting horn to signal the death of the deer [?error for blouen the deth].
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)2586 : He to wode wende..to huntien after deoren [Otho: deores]..In þon wode he funde feier ane hinde.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30567 : No mihten heo deor iwinne, nouþer heort no hinde.
- a1300 Bestiary (Arun 292)238 : Ðe hert haueð kindes two..& gingid him ðus ðis wilde der.
- a1325 SLeg.(Corp-C 145)132/114 : Þe blod hond..þe smul haþ wel of euerich best, of hare & ek of dure.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)418 : Þe werwolf wan him bi wiþ a wilde hert, & how sadly he him sewed to haue slayn þat dere.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.2150 : Aboute his chaar ther wente white alauntz..To hunten at the leoun or the deer.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fkl.(Manly-Rickert)F.1190 : He shewed hym..parkes ful of wilde deer, Ther saw he hertes with hir hornes hye.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1322 : Such a sowme he þer slowe..Of dos & of oþer dere, to deme were wonder.
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)111 : And al shalle be juged foly of rede deer bineþ hert, and of falowe deer byneuthe þe buk.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.1535 : Lo, hold the at thi triste cloos, and I Shal wel the deer unto thi bowe dryve.
- c1430(c1386) Chaucer LGW (Benson-Robinson)1121 : There nas..Ne hound, for hert or wilde bor or der.
- c1440(a1400) Awntyrs Arth.(Thrn)53 : Alle darkis the dere and to downe schowys.
- a1450-1509 Rich.(Brunner)5134 : Þey ffledde as deer [vrr. deore, dose] þat were dreue.
- c1475 Awntyrs Arth.(Tay 9)p.2 : Thay felle to the female dure, feyful thyk fold.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)712/34 : There he chaced at the rede deare.
- (c1474) Let.Christ Ch.in Camd.n.s.1926 : I have beyn at Westwell and taken a view of your dier, the which draw to the number of an hundred and one, wherof ther beth xj dier of antelers.
- a1500(a1400) Ipom.(1) (Chet 8009)3571 : He..leydes agayne A noble dere off gresse.
b
- (1398) in Black Leathersellers21 : Item, que nul du dit Mistier face pointz de Roo, ne de Dere.
c
- (c1410) York MGame (Vsp B.12)98 : And whan þe deer is boun and lieþ on þat oon syde, þat at herst is tyme for to blow þe deer [?read: deeþ], for it shuld neuer be iblowe at þe hert huntyng to þe deer be on þat on side.
3.
In cpds. & combs.: (a) der(es kin, animal kind, animals; (b) der(es flesh, deer's flesh, venison; ?also, meat from a wild animal; deres lether, leather made from deerskin; dere-skin, deerskin, a deerskin; deres talwe, deer fat; (c) ~ brous, boughs stripped of leaves by deer; ~ fold, ~ frith, ~ toun, a park for wild animals (?esp., for deer) [see also Smith PNElem. 1.131]; ~ hunting, ?a deer hunt, ?hunt for wild animals; (d) ~ hunte, a deer hunter; ~ reve, an officer in charge of the deer; -- surnames; (e) in place names [see Smith PNElem. 1.130-1].
Associated quotations
a
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)221 : God ȝeledde to him niatenu and deorcen and fugel cyn.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)225 : Ic ȝegaderi..of diercynne and of fugel cynne.
- a1225(OE) Vsp.A.Hom.Init.Creat.(Vsp A.22)233 : His eorðe us werpð..niatt and dierchin.
- a1325(c1250) Gen.& Ex.(Corp-C 444)556 : Ðo wex a flod..and [o]uerflowged men & deres kin.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)30555 : Þa wes he wræccheliche of-lust after deores flæsce.
- c1230(?a1200) *Ancr.(Corp-C 402)52a : Of alle flesches is wilde deores fleschs [Pep: wilde flesch] leouest & swetest.
- (1396) *Will Wodehouse (Comm.Crt.London) [OD col.] : Mean togam blod cum furrure and vn deriskyn.
- (1398) in Black Leathersellers21 : Item, que nulle de dit Mistir envoie nulle manere des lanyers, ne poyntz, queux soient faitz de Roeslether ou de Dereslether.
- a1400(1316-42) Cart.Ramsey in RS 79.2244 : Quere totum processum in libro de deres lethir.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3603 : If þou me dere flesse [Göt: venisun] ani gete, Gladli wald i þerof ete.
- (1415) Reg.Chichele in Cant.Yk.S.42 (Lamb 69)47 : Item, a massebok covered with deres leþer.
- ?c1450 Stockh.PRecipes (Stockh 10.90)136/13 : Take..ii vnce of derys-talwe.
- (1456) Reg.Chanc.Oxf.in OHS 93365 : Item, v dere skynnys, precii xii d.
- (1464) Acc.Howard in RC 57195 : A payr breganderys cueryd wyth whyte deris leder.
c
- 1123 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1123 : Þa tidde hit..þet se king rad in his der fald.
- a1131 Peterb.Chron.(LdMisc 636)an.1127 : Þis wæs segon on þe selue derfald in þa tune on Burch & on ealle þa wudes.
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1436 : Forboden he haueð his deor frið; þer fore ȝe sculen liggen stif.
- (1296) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 1018 : Johannes ater Derefold.
- (1316) EPNSoc.4 (Wor.)219 : Derfolde.
- c1330(?c1300) Amis (Auch)497 : Þai diȝt him..For to wende on dere-hunting.
- a1500(1452) Cart.Boarstall in OHS 88193 : Necnon infra forestam..omnimodis pannagiis, cokshotes..chyminage, deerbrous, [etc.].
d
- (1327) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms106 : Joh. Dureue.
- (1332) in Thuresson ME Occup.Terms106 : Steph. le Durreue.
- (1332) Sub.R.Sus.in Sus.RS 10273 : Johannes Derhount.
e
- (1161-75) EPNSoc.27 (Der.)81 : Dorlega.
- (c1200) EPNSoc.28 (Der.)443 : Dereleye.
- (c1200) in Ekwall Dict.EPN133 : Dertona.
- (1254) in Wallenberg PNKent130 : Dirilaunde.
- (1274) in Ekwall Dict.EPN148 : Durlega.
- (1314) Deed Norris in LCRS 9324 : [The brook running into the brook of] Mykelderyord.
- (1336) Deed Norris in LCRS 9326 : [In two places betw.] deryortcloghes [and 3 butts].
- (1383) EPNSoc.17 (Not.)107 : Dirfeld.
- (1448) EPNSoc.27 (Der.)81 : Darley.
- (1450) in Wallenberg PNKent130 : Derlond, Dirlond.
- a1500(1452) Cart.Boarstall in OHS 88195 : Edmundus Rede..dicit quod ipse seisitus est..de uno mesuagio et una hida terre cum pert. in Borstall vocata Deerhyde.
- (c1460) EPNSoc.28 (Der.)443 : Dorleya.