Middle English Dictionary Entry
dēbāt n.
Entry Info
Forms | dēbāt n. |
Etymology | OF |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
1.
(a) A quarrel, dispute, disagreement; (b) disputing, quarreling, strife; (c) ben at (in) ~, to quarrel, be engaged in a dispute; fallen at (in) ~, quarrel; maken ~, quarrel, pick a quarrel; taken ~ with, dispute with (sb.); (d) fig. conflict, turmoil; ben in ~ with, to be in conflict with (sth.); (e) ?a formal dispute, a debating contest; (f) internal disputing, mental or emotional conflict; also, a specific conflict of this sort; ben upon ~, to be torn by conflicting emotions or ideas.
Associated quotations
a
- (1389) Lond.Gild Ret.in Bk.Lond.E.(PRO C 47/var.)46/60 : Ȝif it be so þat eny debat chaunselich falle among eny of hem.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.1537 : Wherof full many a gret debat Reformed is to good astat.
- (1395) Wycl.37 Concl.(Tit D.1)106 : He languisshith aboute questions and fightingis of wordis, of whiche risen enuyes..suspicions, debatis [L conflictationes].
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)9684 : Bituix mi sisters es a debat [Trin-C: is debate; Göt: es þe bate].
- ?a1425 Mandev.(2) (Eg 1982)79/24 : It kepez him fra stryfez, debates [F le garde les tenciouns].
- c1450 Treat.Fish.(Yale 171)2 : He must eschew all contraryus companye and all places of debates and stryves.
- (1453) LRed Bk.Bristol2.151 : Diuerses debates and variaunces weere had bitween the Masters..and the Jorney men.
- c1500(?a1475) Ass.Gods (Trin-C R.3.19)707 : Bolde blasphemers, with false ipocrytes..& sekers of debates..These were the comons came thedyr that day.
b
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)5.181 : Til Robyn þe Ropere weore..nempned for a noumpere, þat no debat neore.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Fri.(Manly-Rickert)D.1288 : In compaignye we wol no debaat! Telleth youre tale and lat the somnour be.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)22.251 : Nother bost ne debat beo among hem alle.
- (1405) MSS PRO in App.Bk.Lond.E.284 : There was gret debat be-twixen the Erl of Northumberlond and the Erl of Westmerlond.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)7392 : Omang þam sall ay be debate.
- a1425 *Medulla (Stnh A.1.10)17b/a : Controversia: strife or debate.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)119 : At the payeng of the same merchaundise, riseth debate [F debat] be twixe the beyeres and the selleres.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)115 : Debate: Dissencio, sedicio.
- 1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)1187 : For the grete werrys that sone aftyr fel In thylk cuntre, thorgh stryf & debat Of sundry cytees this place desolat..was.
- a1450 Ben.Rule(2) (Vsp A.25)1366 : Strif & debate myght lightly rise.
- c1475 Why Nun (Vsp D.9)196 : Selfe-wylle..causethe dyscord and debate.
- a1500 GRom.(Add 9066)196 : And where that was cissime and debate amonge any, he labored for to make accorde.
c
- (1389) Lond.Gild Ret.in Bk.Lond.E.(PRO C 47/var.)46/62 : Þey beyng in debat shul shawe & come þe cause of her debat to þe wardeins.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)7.123 : Thus beggers and barouns at debat aren ofte.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)5.2762 : Þis wommen..wern at debate.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)1928 : Euerich of ȝow..Ther-vpon to make no debat.
- a1425(?a1350) Nicod.(1) (Glb E.9)508 : Þir folk falles in debate.
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)3473 : To accorde þam þat er at debate.
- ?a1450(?c1400) Wycl.LFCatech.(Lamb 408)41/636 : Loke wher þy neyȝebours ben at debat.
- c1450(c1400) Sultan Bab.(Gar 140)1966 : To make debate, wel him list.
- ?c1450 Knt.Tour-L.(Hrl 1764)21/3 : Y praie you..that ye take no debate with hym.
- c1480(1422) Lydg.SD (Add 48031)50/36 : This manly king Cassibolan & Androgius the Duce of Cornewaile felle at debate among hemselfe.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)104/8 : For thys cause we felle at debate.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)597/14 : Kynge Arthur and she hath bene at debate and stryff.
- 1483 Cath.Angl.(Monson 168)92 : To make Debate: contendere, discordare, & cetera; vbi to stryfe.
- a1500(?a1390) Mirk Fest.(GoughETop 4)20/30 : When men byn yn debate, þay ben ybroght byfor þe towmbe of Saynt Thomas..and þe cause of þe debates ys rehersed.
- a1500(?c1450) Merlin (Cmb Ff.3.11)20 : Thyn hosbonde and thow were at debate.
d
- (c1384) WBible(1) (Dc 369(2))1 Cor.12.25 : That debaat [L schisma] be not in the body, but that the membris ben bisy..for ech othir.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Mil.(Manly-Rickert)A.3230 : For youthe and elde is often at debaat.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)1.2920 : Al this betokneth thin astat, Which now with god is in debat.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.1593 : Bot sodeinly the wynd and reyn Begonne upon the See debate.
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.CY.(Manly-Rickert)G.1389 : Considereth, sires, how that in ech estaat, Bitwixe men and gold ther is debaat So ferforth that vnnethes is ther noon.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)1.1729 : Þei [planets] wern from discord or debat Eternally yformed and creat.
- c1450 Lydg.SSecr.Ctn.(Sln 2464)1720 : Take Sum Spice good confortatyff, Which..Causeth pees where was debat and stryff, Alle Corrupt humors expelleth.
- a1500(a1450) Gener.(2) (Trin-C O.5.2)5221 : Falshede and trougth is euer atte debate.
e
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)4.5471 : Silence..hath ofte..þe palme of debatis wonne.
f
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.4820 : Til that I mai hiere Som good tidinge of his astat, Min herte is evere upon debat.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.724 : He..with himself wax in debat Thenkende what he hadde lore.
- a1425(?a1400) RRose (Htrn 409)4902 : Withynne hymsilf is such debat, He chaungith purpos and entent.
- c1450(1369) Chaucer BD (Benson-Robinson)1192 : In this debat I was so wo, Me thoghte myn herte braste atweyne!
2.
A legal controversy, a suit, an action; a dispute submitted to legal arbitration; maken ~, to make a legal claim, bring suit.
Associated quotations
- (1405) Doc.in Flasdieck Origurk.35 : Thei shul not cleyme ne chalange ne no debate maken in the Mersch and the cost of the see.
- a1425(a1400) Paul.Epist.(Corp-C 32)Tit.3.9 : Debatus of þe lawe [L pugnas legis] go þou fro.
- (a1430) Mem.Bk.York in Sur.Soc.125179 : A lang stryfe and debate was moeved and hadde betwix the marsshals and smyths.
- (1434) Reg.Spofford in Cant.Yk.S.23185 : Certain dissencones and debates hangyng betwix the said Edmunde Cornwayll..and the said Richard Whittone.
- c1450 Scrope Othea (Lngl 253)67 : They went afore Jubiter for to be iuged of that discorde, but he wolde not plese on to displese anothir; Wherfore thei putte the debate opon Paaris of Troye.
- c1450 Jacob's W.(Sal 103)60/12 : Alle þat puttyn ony debat or plee in ony patronage of ony cherche.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)27 : The processe was nat to profounde nor deepe, Off ther debat, but contryued of a fable.
3.
(a) Fighting, brawling, warfare; also, a fight, a combat, a war; ben at ~, maken ~; (b) an attack, assault.
Associated quotations
a
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)2779 : Þe hert..nas bold wiþ þe boye no debate make.
- a1375(1335-1361) WPal.(KC 13)4380 : Þe werwolf..made no more debat.
- (c1385) Chaucer CT.Kn.(Manly-Rickert)A.1754 : And nothyng but for loue was this debaat, And sawe hir blody woundes wide and soore.
- (1386) RParl.3.225a : Nichol Brembre..thourgh debate and strenger partye ayeins the pees..was chosen Mair.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.ML.(Manly-Rickert)B.130 : Ye been fadres of tidynges And tales, bothe of pees and of debat.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.910 : Above Mars upon the hevene..Stant Jupiter the delicat, Which causeth pes and no debat.
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)4628 : Lo, her the fyn of contek and debat..Lo, what it is for-to gynne a werre.
- ?a1425(c1400) Mandev.(1) (Tit C.16)129/28 : Ȝif ij persones ben at debate [F se entrehaient]..it behoueth þat euery of hem þat schull ben accorded drynke of oþeres blood.
- c1440 PLAlex.(Thrn)60/20 : For werre & debate unreschez [read: nureschez] his body.
- a1450(a1425) Mirk IPP (Cld A.2:Peacock)921 : Hast þou any mon wowndet in debate?
- c1450 Pilgr.LM (Cmb Ff.5.30)96 : Thou shalt make him chek and maat, make he neuere so michel debaat.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)101/2 : In þat same tyme was a grete debate be-twyx Steuene, kyng of Ynglond, and Herry, duk of Normannye.
- (a1464) Capgr.Chron.(Cmb Gg.4.12)299 : In this ȝere began a gret debate betwix the duke of Burgundy and the duke Aurelianensis.
- (a1470) Malory Wks.(Win-C)47/16 : Whan thou haste justed with that knyght..ye shall com agayne unto me withoute makynge ony more debate.
- a1500(?c1440) Lydg.HGS (Lnsd 699)472 : Thus pride and richesse..Off all debatis & werre be cheeff cause.
b
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.5847 : O myghti god of reste, Thou do vengance of this debat.
- c1436 Ipswich Domesday(2) (Add 25011)95 : For debate [F baterie] doon with hamsoken, xv dayes, though ther be non blood drawyn. For debate doon with blooddraught and hamsoken, xx dayes. For blood drawyn of foot or of fist or of other debaat, be the penaunce awarded after that the betyng be perlous.
4.
(a) Opposition, resistance; maken ~, to offer resistance; taken ~ towardes, oppose (sb.); withouten ~, without resistance; also, unopposed [quots.Ld.Troy, PConsc.]; (b) astrol. at ~, inauspicious, unfavorable.
Associated quotations
a
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)5.1703 : Whan Lucifer was best in hevene And oghte moste have stonde in evene, Towardes god he tok debat.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)8.3084 : First at hym self he mot begynne, To kepe and reule his owne astat, That in hym self be no debat Toward his god.
- c1400(?c1380) Pearl (Nero A.10)390 : I wolde bysech, wythouten debate, Ȝe wolde me say in sobre asente What lyf ȝe lede.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1754 : & bihoues his buffet abide withoute debate more.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)2248 : Busk no more debate.
- c1425(a1420) Lydg.TB (Aug A.4)2.8048 : Eolus was to hem fortunat, And eke Neptune made no debat With wynde nor trouble among the sterne wawis.
- a1425(c1385) Chaucer TC (Benson-Robinson)2.753 : I am myn owene womman..and stonde unteyd in lusty leese, Withouten jalousie or swich debat: Shal noon housbonde seyn to me 'chek mat!'
- a1425(a1400) PConsc.(Glb E.9 & Hrl 4196)4092 : Þe whilk sal wele maynten his state And þe empire, with-outen debate.
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)14535 : Euery man with-oute debate Scholde gon & come erly and late.
- (1441) Visit.Alnwick8 : We enioyne yowe..that mekely..ye obeye the prioresse..absteynyng yowe fro alle elacyone of pryde and wordes of disobeysaunce or debate.
- a1450(?1420) Lydg.TG (Tan 346)399 : Remembreþ eke, hou neuer ȝit no wiȝt Ne came to wirship withoute some debate.
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1114 : Who-so make with me debate, I schal hym hyttyn on þe pate.
b
- a1450(?c1421) Lydg.ST (Arun 119)385 : Consydred ek..Euery tour and constellacioun..Which were good and which also pervers, Wher they were touard or ellys at debat.
5.
In phrases: ben in ~, of property, rights, or the like: to be the subject of controversy or a lawsuit; matere of ~, a disputed matter; stonden upon ~, be disputed, be uncertain; of the world: be unstable or unpredictable.
Associated quotations
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)prol.567 : The world stant evere upon debat, So may be seker non astat.
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.2934 : The pouer Of hem that weren in astat Was sauf: wherof upon debat Ther stod nothing.
- (1439-40) Contract in OSSLH 4180 : Ther was a mater in debate by twyx John Kyffawe..and Thomas Langley.
- (1450) Doc.in Power Craft Surg.322 : Ȝef eny matter of debate or difference be betweene any persoones of the said craft.
- ?c1450 St.Cuth.(Eg 3309)8065 : Certayn landes were in debate..Be twene þe bischope of durham And þe Erle of northumbirland.
6.
In cpds. or combs.: ~ maker, one who stirs up strife; ~ making, opposition, resistance.
Associated quotations
- c1425(c1400) Ld.Troy (LdMisc 595)14538 : Euery man..Scholde gon & come..With-outen robbyng or reuyng, With-oute any debatemakyng.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)51 : Brygows, or debate-maker: Brigosus.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)115 : Debate maker, or baratour: Incentor.