Middle English Dictionary Entry
crā̆ken v.
Entry Info
Forms | crā̆ken v. Also craki, crakken, cracchen, grake & crikken. |
Etymology | OE cracian, corresp. to OHG krahhōn. |
Definitions (Senses and Subsenses)
Note: Cp. creken.
1.
(a) To make a splitting or bursting sound; also, let a fart; of bones, sinews: crack, creak; of burning salt: crackle; of thunder: crash; (b) to knock (sb. on the head); of spears: knock together, clash; ?also, be shattered.
Associated quotations
a
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)1875 : Heo ȝeokeden heora earmes..banes þer crakeden [Otho: crakede].
- (a1393) Gower CA (Frf 3)7.305 : The cloudes..of so gret noyse craken That thei the feerful thonder maken.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)206b/b : Þe comune salt crakkeþ and sparkeleþ [L crepitat] in þe fuyr.
- (a1398) *Trev.Barth.(Add 27944)248a/a : Þornes..in þe fuyre..sparkelith & crakkeþ [L scintillantes ac crepitantes] and makeþ moche noyse.
- a1400(a1325) Cursor (Vsp A.3)3568 : It crepes crouland in his bak, And þe banes for to crak.
- c1400(?c1390) Gawain (Nero A.10)1166 : Hunterez wyth hyȝe horne hasted hem after Wyth such a crakkande kry as klyffes haden brusten.
- a1425(?c1350) Ywain (Glb E.9)370 : Þe weder wex þan wonder-blak, And þe thoner fast gan crak.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)100 : Crakkyn [Win: Crykkyn], as salt yn a fyre, or oþer lyke: Crepito.
- (1451) Capgr.St.Gilb.(Add 36704)120/32,33 : In þat brekyng sche herd a grete noyse, who þei craked and had ful grete meruayle who þat þe senewes craked whan þei be-gunne to extende hem-self.
- a1475 Friar & B.(Brog 2.1)p.60 : Hyr ars began to crake [rime: spake].
- a1500(?c1450) Florence (Cmb Ff.2.38:Vietor)1850 : Hur rybbes crakyd as þey breke wolde.
- c1500(?a1475) St.Marg.(3) (Ashm 61)501 : Þe sone wexyd blake, And þe thunder gane to crake.
b
- c1275(?a1200) Lay.Brut (Clg A.9)27462 : Speren chrakeden; sceldes brastleden.
- c1300 Lay.Brut (Otho C.13)27463 : Hii lette fleon to flon swiþe þicke..suþþe sealde..speares strange craky.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)4431 : Þe speres crakeþ also þicke So on hegge sere stykke.
- 1543(1464) Hardyng Chron.B (Grafton)p.194 : But Danes all were take and slain..Without mercie cracked vpon the croune.
2.
(a) To utter (words, speech, etc.), say; speak, talk; esp., speak loudly or sharply; boast (of sth.); ~ bost, brag; (b) to trill, quaver; trill (a note); also, sing.
Associated quotations
a
- c1350(a1333) Shoreham Poems (Add 17376)95/292 : Þanne hys hyt a þef..Þat manne god so takeþ, Be hyȝt by gyle oþer mestry, Oþer wordes þat he crakeþ.
- c1390 PPl.A(1) (Vrn)11.65 : For nou is vche Boye Bold..To talken..And Craken [B: carpen] aȝeyn þe Clergie Crabbede wordes.
- (c1390) Chaucer CT.Rv.(Manly-Rickert)A.4001 : He craked [vrr. craketh, crakke] boost and swoor it was noght so.
- c1400(?a1300) KAlex.(LdMisc 622)6981 : Dysoures talen and resouns crake [rime: make].
- (1402) Hoccl.Cupid (Hnt HM 744)328 : Keepe thyn owne, what men clappe or crake [rime: vndirtake].
- (1440) *Capgr.St.Norb.(Hnt HM 55)1110 : The spirit witz boost gon to crye and crake.
- a1450(1412) Hoccl.RP (Hrl 4866)3092 : He holt his pees; nat a worde dare he crake [rime: make].
- a1450 Castle Persev.(Folg V.a.354)1734 : Þe bost þat þo moderis crake.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)951 : And rather do the feat then of it crake.
- (1467) Paston (Gairdner)4.265 : Hew Awstyn and hys men hathe crakyd many a gret woord.
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)1658 : Ne bost ne gynne to crake!
- c1500 Men may leue (Trin-C R.3.19)16 : 'What, howe, mate! thow stondyst to ny..' Thus they begyn to crake [rime: make].
b
- (c1395) Chaucer CT.Mch.(Manly-Rickert)E.1850 : The slakke skyn aboute his nekke shaketh Whil that he song, so chaunteth he and craketh [vr. braketh].
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)120/67 : I haue so crakid in my throte, Þat my lippis are nere drye.
- a1450 As I went on Yole (Sln 2593)p.309 : Jankyn at the Sanctus crakit a merie note.
- a1450 If I synge (Sln 2593)3 : If I synge ȝe wyl me lakke..Therfore smale notes wil I crake.
- a1500(a1460) Towneley Pl.(Hnt HM 1)131/477 : Hard I neuer none crak so clere out of toyne.
- c1450 ?Clanvowe Cuckoo & N.(Cmb Ff.1.6)119 : Crake [Frf: My song is..trewe..All thogh I cannot breke hit so in veyn, As thou dost in thy throte, I wot ner how].
3.
(a) To break (sth.) with a crackling sound, snap, split open; crack (a nut); ~ atwo, break in two; ~ croun, split (someone's) head open; also, knock or bruise (someone's) head, knock (one's head against sth.); (b) to be broken, burst, snap, split asunder; also suffer partial breaking, be cracked.
Associated quotations
a
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)568 : She..caste þe knaue adoun so harde þat hise croune he þer crakede Ageyn a gret ston.
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)914 : Stickes kan ich breken and kraken [rime: maken] And kindlen ful wel a fyr.
- c1330(?a1300) Tristrem (Auch)887 : Schaftes þai gun schake..Crounes þai gun crake.
- c1330 St.Greg.(Auch)113/602 : Þer was y-craked mani a croun.
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)2604 : Ne sparieþ noȝt hure crones þat ȝe ne crake [rime: make].
- c1380 Firumb.(1) (Ashm 33)5753 : He swatte & þan ston a cracchede & in a spatte.
- c1400(?a1387) PPl.C (Hnt HM 137)21.76 : Quikliche cam a cacchepol and craked a-two here legges.
- a1425(c1333-52) Minot Poems (Glb E.9)59 : Þare was crakked many a crowne.
- (1440) PParv.(Hrl 221)100 : Crakkyn, or schyllen nothys: Excortico, enuculo, enucleo.
- a1450 Yk.Pl.(Add 35290)405/185 : We schall crake his croune, Whoso comes here.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)1950 : And if it falle on either of the hornys, It cracketh hem, as fier tocracketh thornys.
- a1475 Asneth (Hnt EL 26.A.13)7 : Yt ys ful straunge That broken tuskes shold wel harde nuttis crakke [rime: lakke].
- a1500(?a1325) Otuel & R (Fil)1276 : Thou ne art nouȝt worth..Schaftys ffor to schake..Crounes for to Crake.
b
- c1300 Horn (LdMisc 108)62/1118 : He pugde hym ofer þe brigge, Þat hys ribbes gonnen krake [Hrl: þre ribbes crakede].
- (c1300) Havelok (LdMisc 108)1857 : For was þer non..þat he mouthe ouertake, þat he ne garte his croune krake.
- c1330(?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch)p.672 : Þar miȝte men se scheftes schake; Þar men miȝte se crounes crake.
- c1390 Disp.Virg.& Cross (Vrn)380 : Cros, whi noldestou not crake [rime: schake]?
- a1400 Cursor (Trin-C R.3.8)7202 : Sampson waked of his nap, his bonde dud he al to crak.
- (1423) Let.Bk.in Bk.Lond.E.(Gldh LetBk I & K)108/40 : Sheres þat be crakked, fflaved, or fawty..þe Sheregrynders to take for hem as þe seide Shermen and Sheregrynders mowe accorde.
- ?a1425 Const.Masonry(1) (Roy 17.A.1)200 : And that the grond be wel y-take That hyt nowther fle ny grake.
- c1440(?a1400) Morte Arth.(1) (Thrn)3269 : Ther clewide kyngis one rawe, With corowns of clere golde þat krakede in sondire.
- a1450(a1338) Mannyng Chron.Pt.1 (Lamb 131)5070 : Er þey myghte þat heye hil take, Many a croune men myght se crake.
- (a1460) Vegetius(2) (Pmb-C 243)2885 : Lo, how thei cracke on euery side a sondir.
- ?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)302/873 : For thrust, a-sundyr my lyppys gyn crake.
- ?a1475 Noble Bk.Cook.(Hlk 674)45 : Then fry it welle and whit and somwhat craking, and serue it furthe in dishes.
- a1500(?a1475) Guy(4) (Cmb Ff.2.38)3780 : He made þe rugges for to crake [rime: take].