"Here I have lived"; a history of Lincoln's Springfield, 1821-1865, by Paul M. Angle.

A NOTE ABOUT SOURCES

HAD I followed my own inclinations, I would have used footnotes to indicate the more important sources I have consulted in writing this book. I am convinced, however, that annotation ir|ritates almost everyone except professional historians, and therefore I have yielded my personal preference. Still, if he is to play fair with his reader, the historical writer can hardly omit all mention of the materials he has used. History is a fabric of many threads, and an historian exhibits no more than common honesty when he proclaims that he has been weaver only, and not spinner as well; and besides, the reader should have some opportunity of judging for himself the quality of the raw material; whether it be long-fibred wool, or merely shoddy. Hence this note.

First and foremost, this is a newspaper history. Without the long files of the Illinois State Register and the Illinois State Journal (called also the Sangamo Journal and the Illinois Journal) which are available in the Illinois State Historical Library, this would have been a vastly different book, and I believe a much poorer one. At first glance these papers—at least for the period in which I have worked— seem barren enough. Politics was their chief concern, and even here the editors appear to have relied on their scissors rather than their brains. But if one has the patience to examine a year's run instead of a few scattered issues, the

first impression changes. Local news, especially in the earlier years, is scarce, but when one goes through thousands of pages, a mass of material illustrative of every phase of community life accumulates before one realizes what is hap|pening. So far as this book is concerned, it is no exaggeration to say that it owes more to the two Springfield newspapers than to all other sources combined. I only wish it were pos|sible to express my gratitude to the editors, particularly Simeon Francis of the Journal and Charles H. Lanphier of the Register. Little did they suspect to what use the future would put their paragraphs on the hog nuisance and the mud about the State House square!

Though far less important, a few other sources deserve particular mention. The records of the County Commis|sioners' Court, as the governing body of Sangamon County was originally called, have been drawn upon heavily. Three published works were indispensable: Sketches of Early Life and Times in Kentucky, Missouri and Illinois, by Elijah Iles (Springfield, 1883), History of Sangamon County, Illinois (Chicago, 1881), and John Carroll Power's History of the Early Settlers of Sangamon County, Illinois (Springfield, 1876). The first, a rare little volume, is the autobiography of the man who, more than any other, made a straggling frontier settlement into a permanent community. I have used it extensively in the first three chapters of this book. The second volume is a county history far above the average—a veritable quarry from which all sorts of diverse materials have been pried. (Since the book numbers 1067 double-column pages, and has no index, the metaphor is used ad|visedly.) The third title, a compilation of biographical and genealogical data concerning those who settled in Sangamon County during the first ten or fifteen years of its existence, contains much about pioneer life that is unavailable in any other form.

Of one passage in "Here I Have Lived" I wish to make

particular mention, if for no other reason than self-defense. Readers who are familiar with the traditional accounts of Lincoln's life will note that the story of the wedding of Lincoln and Mary Todd, as it is related in Chapter V, varies materially from the commonly accepted narrative. What I believe to be ample authority for my own treatment may be found in the Appendix to Mary Lincoln, Wife and Widow by Carl Sandburg and Paul M. Angle (Harcourt, Brace, 1932). The letters from Mary Todd to Mercy Levering, quoted here, as well as several of the letters of James C. Conkling which I have used in part, are also to be found in that volume. Other Conkling letters which I have quoted are the property of Mrs. Georgiana Conkling Reed of New Rochelle, New York, to whom, for permission to make use of family correspondence, I am deeply grateful.

Out of many another source I have made sometimes a sentence or two, sometimes pages. In addition to those to which I have already referred, the following deserve men|tion:

MANUSCRIPTS

• Pascal P. Enos Papers, in the Illinois State Historical Library.
• Recollections of Mrs. Melvina Alvey Fisher, in the files of the Abraham Lincoln Association.
• The Journal of Jared P. Irwin, in possession of Mrs. Margaret McNutt, Springfield, Ill.
• Pioneer Mothers of Illinois, bound MS in the Illinois State Historical Library.
• Lyman Trumbull Manuscripts. Transcripts and photostats in the Illinois Historical Survey, University of Illinois.
• George Williams MS, in possession of Mrs. Edna Orendorff Mac|pherson, Springfield, Illinois.

NEWSPAPERS

• Edwardsville [Illinois] Spectator. Scattered issues.
• Sangamo Spectator. A few copies of Springfield's first newspaper have been preserved in the Illinois State Historical Library.
• ...

• Illinois Intelligencer (Vandalia). Scattered issues.
• New York Herald, 1860-61.
• New York Tribune, 1860-61.

BOOKS AND ARTICLES

• Ackerman, William K., Early Illinois Railroads. Fergus Historical Series, No. 23. Chicago, 1884.
• Alvord, Clarence W., Governor Edward Coles. Illinois Historical Collections, XV. Springfield, 1920.
• Angle, Paul M., Marine Bank; the Story of the Oldest Bank in Illinois. Springfield, 1931.
• Arnold, Isaac N., "Reminiscences of the Illinois Bar Forty Years Ago." Proceedings of the Illinois Bar Association, 1881.
• Baringer, William E., "Campaign Technique in Illinois—1860." Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society, 1932.
• Bateman, Newton, and Paul Selby, editors, Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois . . . and History of Sangamon County. 3 vols., Chicago, 1912.
• Beach, Richard H., "A Letter from Illinois Written in 1836." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, October, 1910.
• Beveridge, Albert J., Abraham Lincoln, 1809-1858. 2 vols., Boston and New York, 1928.
• Bidwell, Percy Wells, and John I. Falconer, History of Agriculture in the Northern United States, 1620-1860. Washington, 1925.
• Boggess, Arthur C., The Settlement of Illinois, 1778-1830. Chicago, 1908.
• Brown, Caroline Owsley, "Springfield Society Before the Civil War." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, April-July, 1922.
• Browning, Orville H. The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, 1850-1881, edited by Theodore C. Pease and J. G. Randall. Illinois Historical Collections, XX, XXII. Springfield, 1925, 1933.
• Cartwright, Peter. Autobiography of Peter Cartwright, edited by W. P. Strickland. New York, 1857.
• Clarke, Charles R., "Sketch of Charles James Fox Clarke, with Let|ters to His Mother," Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, January, 1930.
• Coffin, Levi, Reminiscences of Levi Coffin. Cincinnati, 1876.
• Cole, Arthur C., The Era of the Civil War, 1848-1870. Centennial History of Illinois, Vol. 3. Springfield, 1919.
• ...

• Conkling, Clinton L., "Address on February 12, 1920." Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of Illinois, 1920-1922. Spring|field, 1920-22.
• Converse, Henry A., Baptist Centennial Address. Springfield, 1930.
• Curtiss, Daniel S., Western Portraiture and Emigrants' Guide. New York, 1852.
• Davis, W. W., "A Trip from Pennsylvania to Illinois in 1851." Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society, 1904.
• Dowrie, George W., The Development of Banking in Illinois, 1817-1863. University of Illinois Studies in the Social Sciences, Vol. 2, No. 4. Urbana, 1913.
• Drake, Daniel, A Systematic Treatise, Historical, Etiological and Practical, on the Principal Diseases of the Interior Valley of North America. 2 vols. New York, 1850.
• Edwards, Mrs. Benjamin S., Some Incidents in the Life of Mrs. Benj. S. Edwards. [Springfield, 1904.]
• Edwards, Ninian. The Edwards Papers, edited by Elihu B. Wash|burne. Chicago, 1884.
• Enos, Zimri, "Description of Springfield." Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society, 1909.
• Ernst, Ferdinand, "Travels in Illinois in 1819." Translated from Observations Made upon a Journey Through the Interior of the United States of North America in the Year 1819, Hildesheim, Hanover, 1823. Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society, 1903.
• Flagg, Edmund, The Far West, 1836-1837. New York, 1838.
• Flagg, Gershom. "Pioneer Letters of Gershom Flagg," edited by Solon J. Buck, Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society, 1910.
• Ford, Thomas, History of Illinois. Chicago, 1854.
• Fordham, Elias Pym. Personal Narrative of Travels in Virginia, Maryland, etc., edited by Frederick A. Ogg. Cleveland, 1906.
• Giger, Henry D., The Story of the Sangamon County Court House. Springfield, 1901.
• Gross, Eugene L., "A Sketch of Springfield." In Springfield City Directory and Business Mirror for 1866. Springfield, 1865.
• Herndon, William H., Herndon's Lincoln: the True Story of a Great Life. 3 vols., Chicago, 1889.
• Laws of Illinois, 1821-1860.
• Illinois in 1837. Philadelphia, 1837.
• ...

• Illinois State University. Catalogs, 1852, 1857-58.
• Kirkland, Edward C., History of American Economic Life. New York, 1932.
• Koerner, Gustave. Memoirs of Gustave Koerner, 1809-1896, edited by Thomas J. McCormack. 2 vols., Cedar Rapids, 1909.
• Lincoln, Abraham. Complete Works of Abraham Lincoln, edited by John G. Nicolay and John Hay. 12 vols., New York, 1905.
• Linder, Usher F., Reminiscences of the Early Bench and Bar of Illinois. Chicago, 1879.
• McConnel, George M., "Recollections of the Northern Cross Rail|road." Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society, 1908.
• Matheny, James H., "History of Springfield." In Springfield City Directory, 1857-58. Springfield, 1857.
• Moses, John, Illinois, Historical and Statistical. 2 vols., Chicago, 1889-92.
• Moses, John, "The Oldest Railroad in Illinois." Fergus Historical Series, No. 23. Chicago, 1884.
• Oak Ridge Cemetery: Its History and Improvements, Rules and Regulations. Springfield, 1879.
• Paddock, Gaius, "The Original Automobile." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, April, 1918.
• Palmer, John M., Personal Recollections: The Story of an Earnest Life. Cincinnati, 1901.
• Parkinson, Daniel M., "Pioneer Life in Wisconsin." Wisconsin Historical Collections, Vol. 2. Madison, 1856.
• Parkinson, Mary W., "Travels in Western America in 1837." Journal of American History, Vol. 3, No. 4.
• Pease, Theodore C., The Frontier State, 1818-1848. Centennial History of Illinois, Vol. 2. Springfield, 1918.
• Peck, John Mason, A Gazetteer of Illinois. Jacksonville (Ill.), 1834, and Philadelphia, 1837.
• Peck, John Mason, A Guide for Emigrants. Boston, 1831.
• Peck, John Mason. Memoir of John Mason Peck, edited by Rufus Babcock. Philadelphia, 1864.
• Power, John Carroll, History of Springfield, Illinois, Its Attractions as a Home and Advantages for Business, Manufacturing, Etc. Springfield, 1871.
• Prince, Ezra M., "The Fourth Illinois Infantry in the War with Mexico." Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society, 1906.
• ...

• Rapalje, Anna R. "Diary of Anna R. Morrison [Mrs. George Rapalje], 1840-1841." Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, April, 1914.
• Reynolds, John, My Own Times, Embracing Also the History of My Life. Belleville, 1855.
• Reynolds, John, Sketches of the Country, on the Northern Route from Belleville, Illinois, to the City of New York. Belleville, 1854.
• Rickerson, F. D., A Half Century of Baptist History in Springfield, Illinois, 1830-1881. Springfield, 1881.
• Ridgely, Anna. "A Girl in the Sixties: Excerpts from the Journal of Anna Ridgely," edited by Octavia Roberts Corneau. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, October, 1929.
• Ridgley, Douglas C., The Geography of Illinois. Chicago, 1921.
• Robinson, Solon, "Notes of Travel in the West," in The Cultivator (Albany), vol. 2, 1845.
• Ross, Harvey Lee, Early Pioneers and Pioneer Events of the State of Illinois. Chicago, 1899.
• Sandburg, Carl, Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years. 2 vols., New York, 1926.
• Schoolcraft, Henry R., Travels in the Central Portions of the Mis|sissippi Valley . . . in the Year 1821. New York, 1825.
• Shirreff, Patrick, A Tour Through North America. Edinburgh, 1835.
• Springfield. First Annual Report of the Public Schools, 1858-59. Springfield, 1859.
• Stuart, James, Three Years in North America. 2 vols., New York, 1833.
• Taylor, Bayard, At Home and Abroad: A Sketch-book of Life, Scenery and Men. New York, 1869.
• Thomas, John T., The One Hundredth Anniversary of the . . . First Presbyterian Church, Springfield, Illinois. Springfield, 1928.
• Thomas, William, "The Winnebago 'War' of 1827." Transactions of the Illinois State Historical Society, 1907.
• Thompson, Joseph J., Diocese of Springfield in Illinois: Diamond Jubilee History. Springfield, 1927.
• Treat, Payson J., The National Land System, 1785-1820. New York, 1910.
• Trotter, Isabella, First Impressions of the New World on Two Travellers from the Old, in the Autumn of 1858. London, 1859.
• Villard, Henry, Memoirs of Henry Villard, Journalist and Financier, 1835-1900. 2 vols., Boston, 1904.
• ...

• Wied-Neuwied, Maximilian Alexander Philipp, Prince von, Travels in the Interior of North America, 1832-1834. In Thwaites, Early Western Travels, Vols. 22-25, Cleveland, 1906.
• Wines, Frederick H., Memorial of Rev. J. G. Bergen. Springfield, 1873.
• Yates, Richard, General Grant's Military Services. Speech of Hon. Richard Yates of Illinois, in the United States Senate, July 18, 1866. Washington, 1866.