ï~~MHz Pentium processor for each actively vibrating string. Therefore, such models are practical today, even for low-cost multimedia applications. For the future, physical models suggest how to make good use of increased processing power as it comes along. References [Bradley and Stonick 1995] Bradley, K., and V. Stonick. 1995. "Automated Analysis and Computationally Efficient Synthesis of Acoustic Guitar Strings and Body." In: Proc. IEEE Workshop on Appl. Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, New Paltz, NY. New York: IEEE Press. Session 9a, paper 7. [Churchill 1960] Churchill, R. V. 1960. Complex Variables and Applications. New York: McGraw-Hill. [Fletcher and Rossing 1990] Fletcher, N. H., and T. D. Rossing. 1990. The Physics of Musical Instruments. New York: Springer Verlag. [Jaffe and Smith 1983] Jaffe, D. A., and J. 0. Smith. 1983. "Extensions of the Karplus-Strong Plucked String Algorithm." Computer Music J., 7(2):56 -69. Reprinted in The Music Machine, Roads, C., (ed.), MIT Press, 1989. [Karjalainen 1996] Karjalainen, M. 1996. Unpublished manuscript. [Karjalainen and Laine 1991] Karjalainen, M., and U. K. Laine. 1991. "A Model for Real-Time Sound Synthesis of Guitar on a Floating-Point Signal Processor." Pages 3653-3656 of: Proc. Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Toronto, vol. 5. New York: IEEE Press. [Karjalainen et al. 1993] Karjalainen, M., V. Vilimiiki, and Z. J.nosy. 1993. "Towards High-Quality Sound Synthesis of the Guitar and String Instruments." Pages 56-63 of: Proc. 1993 Int. Computer Music Conf., Tokyo. Computer Music Association. [Karplus and Strong 1983] Karplus, K., and A. Strong. 1983. "Digital Synthesis of Plucked String and Drum Timbres." Computer Music J., 7(2):43-55. [Laine et al. 1994] Laine, U. K., M. Karjalainen, and T. Altosaar. 1994. "Warped Linear Prediction (WLP) in Speech and Audio Processing." Proc. Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 11:349-352. [Markel and Gray 1976] Markel, J. D., and A. H. Gray. 1976. Linear Prediction of Speech. New York: Springer Verlag. (Oppenheim et al. 1971] Oppenheim, A. V., D. H. Johnson, and K. Steiglitz. 1971. "Computation of Spectra with Unequal Resolution Using the Fast Fourier Transform." Proc. IEEE, 59:299-301. [Parks and Burrus 1987] Parks, T. W., and C. S. Burrus. 1987. Digital Filter Design. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. [Serra and Smith 1990] Serra, X., and J. 0. Smith. 1990. "Spectral Modeling Synthesis: A Sound Analysis/Synthesis System Based on a Deterministic plus Stochastic Decomposition." Computer Music J., 14(4):12-24. Software available under http://www.iua.upf.es/ xserra/. [Smith 1983] Smith, J. 0. 1983 (June). Techniques for Digital Filter Design and System Identification with Application to the Violin. Ph.D. thesis, Elec. Eng. Dept., Stanford University. [Smith 1987] Smith, J. 0. 1987. "Waveguide Filter Tutorial." Pages 9-16 of: Proc. 1987 Int. Computer Music Conf., Champaign- Urbana. Computer Music Association. [Smith 1992] Smith, J. 0. 1992. "Physical Modeling Using Digital Waveguides." Computer Music J., 16(4):74-91. Special issue: Physical Modeling of Musical Instruments, Part I. [Smith 1993a] Smith, J. 0. 1993a. "Efficient Synthesis of Stringed Musical Instruments." Pages 64-71 of: Proc. 1993 Int. Computer Music Conf., Tokyo. Computer Music Association. [Smith 1993b] Smith, J. 0. 1993b. "Structured Sampling Synthesis: Automated Construction of Physical Modeling Synthesis Parameters and Tables from Recorded Sounds." (Presentation overheads, 51 pages), CCRMA Associates Conference, May. [Smith and Abel 1995] Smith, J. 0., and J. S. Abel. 1995. "The Bark Bilinear Transform." In: Proc. IEEE Workshop on Appl. Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, New Paltz, NY. New York: IEEE Press. Available online at http://wwwccrma.stanford.edu/'jos/. [Stonick and Massie 1992] Stonick, V., and D. Massie. 1992. "ARMA Filter Design for Music Analysis/ Synthesis." Pages 11:253-256 of: Proc. Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, San Francisco. New York: IEEE Press. [Strube 1980] Strube, H. W. 1980. "Linear Prediction on a Warped Frequency Scale." J. Acoustical Soc. of America, 68(4):1071-1076. [Viilimiki et al. 1996] Vilimiki, V., J. Huopaniemi, M. Karjalainen, and Z. J inosy. 1996. "Physical Modeling of Plucked String Instruments with Application to Real-Time Sound Synthesis." J. Audio Eng. Soc., May. [Van Duyne and Smith 1995] Van Duyne, S. A., and J. 0. Smith. 1995. "Developments for the Commuted Piano." Pages 335-343 of: Proc. 1995 Int. Computer Music Conf., Banif. Computer Music Association. [Zwicker 1990] Zwicker, E. 1990. Psychoacoustics. New York: Springer Verlag. ICMC Proceedings 1996 239 Karjalainen & Smith
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