The history of the reign of Charles the Fifth, Emperor of Germany; and of all the kingdoms and states in Europe, during his age. : To which is prefixed, a view of the progress of society in Europe, from the subversion of the Roman Empire, to the beginning of the sixteenth century. : Confirmed by historical proofs and illustrations. : In three volumes. / By William Robertson, D.D. Principal of the University of Edinburgh, and historiographer to His Majesty for Scotland. Author of the late elegant History of Scotland. ; Volume the first[-third].

INDEX TO THE HISTORY OF THE AGE OF CHARLES V.

N. B. The Roman numerals direct to the volume, and the figures to the page.

A

• ABSOLUTION, the form of that used by father Tetzel in Germany, II. 40.
• Adorni, the faction of, assists the Imperial general Colonna in the reduction of Genoa, II. 97.
• Adrian of Utrecht, made preceptor to Charles V. under William de Croy, lord of Chievres, I. 349. His character, ib. Sent by Charles with power to assume the regency of Castile on the death of his grandfather, 353. His claim ad∣mitted by Cardinal Ximenes, and executed by conjunction, ib. Au∣thorized by Charles to hold the Cortes of Valencia, which re∣fuses to assemble before him, II. 25. Made viceroy of Castile on the departure of Charles for Germany, 27. His election re∣monstrated against by the Casti∣lians, ib. Is chosen Pope, 95. Retrospect of his conduct in Spain during the absence of Charles, 104. Sends Ronquillo to reduce the Segovians, who repulse him, ib. Sends Fonseca to besiege the city, who is re∣pulsed by the inhabitants of Me∣dina del Campo, 105. Apolo∣gizes for Fonseca's conduct to the people, 106. Recals Fonseca and dismisses his troops, ib. His au∣thority disclaimed by the Holy Junta, 107. Deprived of power by them, 109. His ill reception on his arrival at Rome, on be∣ing chosen to the papacy, 129. Restores the territories acquired by his predecessor, ib. Labours to unite the contending powers of Europe, 130. Publishes a bull for three years truce among them, ib. Accedes to the league against the French King, 131. His death, 136. The sentiments and behaviour of the people on that occasion, ib. A retrospect of his conduct towards the Re∣formers, 144. His brief to the Diet at Nuremburgh, 145. Re∣ceives a list of grievances from the Diet, 146. His conduct to

• the Reformers, how esteemed at Rome, 148.
• Africa, the Spanish troops sent by Cardinal Ximenes against Bar∣barossa, defeated there, II. 2.
• Aigues-Mortes, interview between the Emperor Charles and Fran∣cis, there, II. 322.
• Ai••-la-Chapelle, the Emperor Charles crowned there, II. 37. Ferdinand his brother crowned King of the Romans there, 256.
• Alarcon, Don Ferdinand, Francis I. of France, taken prisoner at the battle of Pavia, committed to his custody, II. 163. Conducts Francis to Spain, 171. Delivers up Francis in pursuance of the treaty of Madrid, 183. Is sent ambassador to Francis to require the fulfilment of his treaty, 195. Pope Clement VII. taken pri∣soner by the Imperialists, is com∣mitted to his custody, 210.
• Albany, John Stuart Duke of, com∣mands the French army sent by Francis I. to invade Naples, II. 159.
• Albert, of Brandenburgh, grand∣master of the Teutonic order, becomes a convert to the doc∣trines of Luther, II. 191. Obtains of Sigismund King of Poland, the investiture of Prussia, erected into a dutchy, ib. Is put under the ban of the empire, ib. His family fixed in the inheritance of Prussia, 192. Commands a body of troops in behalf of Mau∣rice of Saxony, but endeavours to assert an independency, III. 201. Defeats and takes the Duke d'Aumale prisoner, and joins the Emperor at Metz, 199. Is con∣demned by the Imperial cham∣ber for his demands on the bi∣shops of Bamberg and Wurts∣burgh, 207. A league formed against him, 208. Is defeated by Maurice, ib. Is again defeated by Henry of Brunswick, 201. Is driven out of Germany and dies in exile, ib. His territories re∣stored to his collateral heirs, ib.
• Albert, Elector of Metz, the publi∣cation of indulgences in Ger∣many, committed to him, II. 40.
• Alexander VI. Pope, remarks on the pontificate of, II. 59.
• Alexander di Medici. See Medici.
• Algiers, how it was seized by Bar∣barossa, II. 281. Is seized by the brother of the same name, on the death of the former, 282. Is taken under the protection of the Porte, ib. Is governed by Has∣cen Again the absence of Barba∣rossa, 368. Is besieged by the Emperor Charles V. 370. Charles forced to re-embark by bad wea∣ther, 374.
• Alraschid, brother of Muley Hascen King of T••nis, solicits the pro∣tection of Barbarossa against him, II. 281. His treacherous treat∣ment by Barbarossa, 282.
• Alva, Duke of, adheres to Ferdi∣nand of Aragon, in his dispute with the Archduke Philip con∣cerning the regency of Castile, I. 338. Forces the Dauphin to abandon the siege of Perpignan, III. 7. Presides at the court-martial which condemns the Elector of Saxony to death, 116. Detains the Landgrave prisoner by the Emperor's order, 124. Commands under the Emperor, the army destined against France, 198. Is appointed commander in chief in Piedmont, 238. Enters the ecclesiastical territories and seizes the Campagna Romana, 278. Concludes a truce with the Pope, 279. Negociates a peace between Philip and the Pope, with Car∣dinal Cara••sa, 298. Goes to Rome to ask pardon of the Pope for his hostilities, 299. Is sent to Paris in the name of Philip to espouse the Princess Elizabeth, 328.
• Amersrorf, a nobleman of Holland, associated by Charles V. with Cardinal Ximenes, in the regen∣cy of Castile, I. 360.
• Anabaptists, the origin of that sect deduced, II. 267. Their princi∣pal tenets, 269. Their settle∣ment at Munster, ib. Character of their principal leaders, 270. They seize the city of Munster, ib. They establish a new form of government there, ib. Choose Bocold King, 272. Their licen∣tious practices, 273. A confedera∣cy of the German Princes formed against them, 274. Are blockad∣ed in Munster by the bishop, ib. The city taken, and great slaughter made of them, 276.

• Their King put to death, ib. Character of the sect since that period, ib. See Matthi••s and Bo••old.
• Angleria, his authority cited in proof of the extortions of the Flemish ministers of Charles V. 119.
• Anhalt, Prince of, avows 〈◊〉〈◊〉 opi∣nions of Martin Luther, II. 144.
• Annats to the ••••••rt o•• Rome, what, II. 68
• Aragon, how Ferdinand became possessed of that kingd•••• ••. 332. The Cortes of, acknowledges the Archduke Philip's title to the crown, 333. Antient enmity be∣tween this kingdom and Casti••e, 336. Navarre added to this crown by the arts of Ferdinand, 346. Arrival of Charles V. 10. The Cortes not allowed to as∣semble in his name, ib. The refractory behaviour of the Ara∣gonians, ib. They refuse resti∣tution of the kingdom of Na∣varre, II. Don John Lanuza ap∣pointed regent on the departure of Charles for Germany, 28. Who composes the disturbances there, 127. The moderation of Charles towards the insurgents on his arrival in Spain, 128. See Spain.
• Ard••es, an interview there between Francis I. and Henry VIII. of England, II. 36.
• Asturias, Charles son of Philip and Joanna, acknowledged Prince of, by the Cortes of Castile, I. 342.
• Augsburgh, a Diet called there by Charles V. II. 251. His public entry into that city, ib. The confession of faith named from this city, drawn up by Melanc∣thon, 252. Resolute behaviour of the Protestant Princes at, 253. Its form of government violent∣ly altered, and rendered sub∣missive to the Emperor, 124. The Diet re-assembled there, III. 155. The Diet again assembled there, 130. Is intimidated by being surrounded with the Em∣peror's Spanish troops, ib. The Emperor re-establishes the Ro∣mish worship, in the churches of, ib. The Diet, by the Emperor's order, petitions the Pope for the return of the council to Trent, 136. A system of theology laid before the Diet by the Emperor, 140. The archbishop of Ment•••• declares, without authority, the Diet's acceptance of it, ib. The Diet takes part with the Emperor against the city of Magdeburgh, 161. Is seized by Maurice of Saxony, 192. Another Diet at, opened by Ferdinand, 244. Car∣dinal Morone attends the Diet as the Pope's nuncio, 245. Mo∣rone departs on the Pope's death, 246. Recess of the Diet on the subject of religion, 249, Re∣marks on this recess, 252.
• Avila, a convention of the male∣cont••••••s in Spain held there, II. 107. A confederacy termed the Holy Junta, formed there, ib. Which disclaims the authority of Adrian, ib. The Holy Junta removed to Tordesillas, 109. See Junta.
• Austria, by what means the house of, became so formidable in Germany, II. 212. The extra∣ordinary acquisitions of the house of, in the person of the Emperor Charles V. III. 331, 334.

B

• Barbarossa, Horuc, his rise to the kingdoms of Algiers and Tunis, II. 2. Defeats the Spanish troops sent against him by Cardinal Ximenes, ib. His parentage, 280. Commences pirate with his brother Hayraddin, ib. How he acquired possession of Algiers 282. Infests the coast of Spain, ib. Is reduced and killed by Comares the Spanish governor of Oran, ib.
• Barbarossa, Hayraddin, brother to the former of the same name, takes possession of Algiers on his brother's death, II. 282. Put his dominions under the protection of the Grand Signior, ib. Obtains the command of the Turkish fleet, 283. His treacherous treat∣ment of Alraschid, brother to the King of Tunis, 284. Seizes Tunis, ib. Extends his depre∣dations by sea, ib. Prepares to resist the Emperor's armament against him, 285. The goletta and his fleet taken, ib. Is de∣feated by Charles, ib. Tunis

• taken, 288. Makes a descent on Italy, III. 14. Burns Rheggio, ib. Besieges Nice in conjunction with the French, but is forced to retire, ib. Is dismissed by Francis, 23.
• Barbary a summary view of the re∣volutions of, II. 280. Its divi∣sion into independent kingdoms, ib. Rise of the piratical states, ib. See Barbarossa.
• Barcelona, the public entry of the Emperor Charles V. into that city as its Count, II. 244. The treaties of Charles with the Italian states published there, 247.
• Bayard, chevalier, his character, II. 86. His gallant defence of Mezieres, besieged by the Im∣perialists, ib. Obliges them to raise the siege, ib. His noble behaviour at his death, 141. His respectful funeral, 142.
• Bellay, M. his erroneous account of the education of Charles V. corrected, II. 348, Note. His account of the disastrous retreat of the Emperor Charles V. from his invasion of Provence, II. 313.
• Bible, a translation of, undertaken by Martin Luther, and its ef∣fects in opening the eyes of the people, II. 143.
• Bicocca, battle of, between Colon∣na and Marechal Lautrec, II. 96.
• Bocold, or Beukels, John, a jour∣neyman taylor, becomes a leader of the Anabaptists at Munster, II. 269. Succeeds Matthias in the direction of their affairs, 271. His enthusiastic extrava∣gancies, ib. Is chosen King, 272. Marries fourteen wives, 273. Beheads one of them, 275. Is put to a cruel death at the tak∣ing of Munster, 276. See Ana∣baptists.
• Bohemia, the Archduke Ferdinand chosen King of, II. 212. Fer∣dinand encroaches on the liber∣ties of the Bohemians, III. 128. The Reformation introduced by John Huss and Jerome of Prague, 129. Raise an army to no pur∣pose, ib. Is closely confined in the citadel of Mechlin, 164.
• Bonnivet, admiral of France, ap∣pointed to command the invasi∣on of Milan, II. 135. His character, ib. Enables Colonna, to defend the city of Milan by his imprudent delay, 136. Forced to abandon the Milanese, 141. Is wounded and his army defeat∣ed by the Imperialists, ib. Sti∣mulates Francis to an invasion of the Milanese, 155. Advises Francis to besiege Pavia, 156. ••dvises him to give battle to Bourbon, who advanced to the relief of Pavia, 161. Is killed at the battle of Pavia, 162.
• Bologne, an interview between the Emperor Charles V. and Pope Clement VII. there, II. 245. Another meeting between them there, 260.
• Bouffer, sent by Francis I. King of France, to negociate a peace with Charles V. II. 4.
• Bouillon, Robert de la Mark, lord of, declares war against the Em∣peror Charles, at the instigation of Francis, II. 85. Is ordered by Francis to disband his troops, ib. His territories reduced by the Emperor, 86.
• Boulogne, besieged by Henry VIII. of England, III. 28. Taken, 34.
• Bourbon, Charles Duke of, his character, II. 132. The causes of his discontent with Francis I. ib. His dutchess dies, 133. Rejects the advances of Louise the King's mother, ib. His estate sequestered by her in∣trigues, ib. Negociates secretly with the Emperor, ib. Is in∣cluded in a treaty between the Emperor and Henry VIII. of England, 134. Is taxed by the King with betraying him, which he denies, 135. Escapes to Ita∣ly, ib. Directs the measures of the Imperial army under Lan∣noy, 140. Defeats the French on the banks of the Sessia, 142. Instigates Charles to an invasion of France, 151. Advances to the relief of Pavia, 159. De∣feats Francis and takes him prisoner, 162. Hastens to Ma∣drid to secure his own interests on the interview between Charles and Francis, 172. His kind reception by Charles, 178. Ob∣tains a grant of the dutchy of Milan, and is made general of

• the Imperial army, ib. Obli∣ges Sforza to surrender Milan, 198. Is forced to oppress the Milanese to satisfy his troops mu∣tinying for their pay, 201. Sets Morone at liberty, and makes him his confidant, ib. Appoints Leyva governor of Milan, and advances to invade the Pope's territories, 203. His disap∣pointed troops mutiny, ib. He determines to plunder Rome, 206. Arrives at Rome and as∣saults it, 207. Is killed, 208.
• Brandenburgh, Elector of, avows the opinions of Luther, II. 144.
• Brandenburgh, Albert of. See Albert.
• Bru••es, a league concluded there between the Emperor and Hen∣ry VIII. of England, against France, II. 88.
• Brunswick, Duke of, avows the opinions of Luther, II. 144.
• Brunswick, Henry, Duke of, driven from his dominions by the Protestant Princes of the league of Smalkalde, III. 19. Raises men for Francis, but employs them to recover his own domi∣nions, 44. Is taken prisoner, ib.
• Buda, siege of, by Ferdinand King of the Romans, II. 365. Is treacherously seized by Sul∣tan Solyman, 366.

C

• Cajetan, Cardinal, the Pope's le∣gate in Germany, appointed to examine the doctrines of Mar∣tin Luther, II. 47. Requires Luther peremptorily to retract his errors, ib. Requires the Elector of Saxony to surrender or banish Luther, 49. His con∣duct justified, 50.
• Calais, an ineffectual congress there between the Emperor and Francis, under the mediation of Henry VIII. II. 88. The careless manner in which it was guarded in the reign of Mary Queen of England, III. 303. Ineffec∣tual remonstrances of Philip, and Lord Wentworth the go∣vernor, concerning its, defence∣less state, 304. Is invested and taken by the Duke of Guise, ib. The English inhabitants turned out, 305. Stipulations concern∣ing, in the treaty of Chateau Cambresis, 325.
• Cambray, articles of the peace con∣cluded there, between the Em∣peror Charles and Francis of France, II. 240. Remarks on this treaty, 241.
• Campe, peace of, between Henry VIII. and Francis, III. 67.
• Campeggio, Cardinal, made legate from Pope Clement VII. to the to the second Diet at Nurem∣burgh, II. 149. Publishes articles for reforming the inferior cler∣gy, 150. Advises Charles to rigorous measures against the Protestants, 253.
• Capitulation of the Germanic body, signed by Charles V. and prescribed to all his successors, II. 22.
• Caraffa, Cardinal, his precipitate election, III. 256. Is appoint∣ed legate to Bologna, ib. Rea∣sons of his disgust with the Emperor, 257. His nephews persuade him to solicit an al∣liance with France against the Emperor, 259, 260, 262. His insiduous commission to the court of France, 273. His pub∣lic entry into Paris, 274. Ex∣horts Henry to break his truce with the Emperor, 275. Ab∣solves Henry from his oath, 276. Negociates a peace between the Pope and Philip, with the Duke d'Alva, 298. The fate of him and his brother on the death of Pope Paul, 329.
• Carlostadius, imbibes the opinions of Martin Luther, at Wittem∣burgh, II. 55. His intemperate zeal, 142. Awed by the re∣proofs of Luther, 143.
• Carignan, besieged by the Count d'Enguien, and defended by the Marquis de Guasto, III. 23. Guasto defeated in a pitched battle, 25. The town taken, 26.
• Castaldo, Marquis of Piadeno. See Piadeno.
• Castile, how Isabella became pos∣sessed of that kingdom, I. 332. The Archduke Philip's title acknowledged by the Cortes of that kingdom, 333. Isabella dies and leaves her husband Fer∣dinand of Aragon, regent, 335. Ferdinand resigns the crown of,

• ... ib. Ferdinand acknowledged re∣gent by the Cortes, 336. Enmi∣ty between this kingdom and Aragon, ib. The particular dis∣like of the Castilians to Ferdi∣nand, ib. The regency of, joint∣ly vested in Ferdinand, Philip and Joanna, by the treaty of Sa∣lamanca, 340. Declares against Ferdinand, ib. The regency of, resigned by Philip to Ferdinand, 341. Philip and Joanna acknow∣ledged King and Queen by the Cortes, ib. Death of Philip, 342. The perplexity of the Castilians on Joanna's incapacity for government, ib. Ferdinand gains the regency and the good∣will of the Castilians by his pru∣dent administration, 345. Oran and other places in Barbary an∣nexed to this kingdom by Xi∣menes, 346. Ximenes appoint∣ed regent by Ferdinand's will, until the arrival of Charles V. 351. Charles assumes the regal title, 354. Ximenes procures its acknowledgment, 355. The no∣bility depressed by Ximenes, 356. The grandees mutiny against Ximenes, 357. The mutiny suppressed, ib. Ximenes resumes the grants made by Ferdinand to the nobles, 358. The bold re∣ply of Ximenes to the discon∣tented nobles, 359. Other asso∣ciates in the regency appointed with Ximenes at the instigation of the Flemish courtiers, 360. Ximenes dies, II. 7. Charles ac∣knowledged King by the Cortes, on his arrival, with a reservation in favour of his mother Joanna, 8. The Castilians receive unfa∣vourable impressions of him, 9. Disgusted by his partiality to his Flemish ministers, ib. Sauvage made Chancellor, ib. William de Croy, appointed archbishop of Toledo, 10. The principal cities confederate and complain of their grievances, 11. The clergy of, refuse to levy the tenth of benefices granted by the Pope to Charles V. 24. Inter∣dicted, but the interdict taken off, by Charles's application, ib. An insurrection there, 26. In∣crease of disaffection, 27. Car∣dinal Adrian appointed regent on the departure of Charles for Germany, ib. The views and pretensions of the commons, in their insurrections, 105. The confederacy called the Holy Junta formed, 107. The pro∣ceedings of which are carried on in the name of Queen Joanna, 109. Receives circulatory letters from Charles for the insurgents to lay down their arms, with promises of pardon, 110. The nobles undertake to suppress the insurgents, 114. Raise an army against them under the Conde de Haro, 116. Haro gets possession of Joanna, ib. Expedients by which they raise money for their troops, 117. Unwilling to pro∣ceed to extremities with the Junta, 118. The army of the Junta routed and Padilla exe∣cuted, 121. Dissolution of the Junta, 122. The moderation of Charles toward the insurgents on his arrival in Spain, 128. He acquires the love of the Castili∣ans, 129. See Spain.
• Catherine of Aragon, is divorced from Henry VIII. of England, II. 265. Dies, 327.
• Catherine a Boria, a nun, flies from her cloister, and marries Martin Luther, II. 190.
• Catherine Medici. See Medici.
• Cavi, peace concluded there be∣tween Pope Paul IV. and Philip II. of Spain, III. 298.
• Cercamp, negociations for peace en∣tered into there between Philip II. of Spain, and Henry II. of France, III. 314, 321. The ne∣gociations removed to Chateau Cambresis, 324. See Chateau Cambresis.
• Characters of men, rules for form∣ing a proper estimate of them, III. 53. Applied to the case of Luther, 54.
• Charles IV. Emperor of Germany, his observations on the manners of the clergy, in his letter to the Archbishop of Mentz, II. 60, Note.
• Charles V. Emperor, his descent and birth, I. 331. How he came to inherit such extensive domi∣nions, ib. Acknowledged Prince of Austrias, by the Cortes of Castile, 342. His father Philip

• dies, ib. Jealousy and hatred of his grandfather Ferdinand to∣ward him, 346. Left heir to his dominions, 348. Death of Fer∣dinand, ib. His education com∣mitted to William de Croy, lord of Chievres, ib. Adrian of Utrecht appointed to be his pre∣ceptor, 349. The first opening of his character, ib. Assumes the government of Flanders and at∣tends to business, 350. Sends Cardinal Adrian to be regent of Castile, who executes it jointly with Ximenes, 353. Assumes the regal title, 354. His title admitted with difficulty by the Castilian nobility, 355. Per∣suaded to add associate regents to Ximenes, 360. His Flemish court corrupted by the avarice of Chievres, II. 2. Persuaded by Ximenes to visit Spain, but how that journey is retarded, 3. The present state of his affairs, ib. Concludes a peace at Noyen with Francis I. of France, and the conditions of the treaty, 4. Arrives in Spain 6. His ungrate∣ful treatment of Ximenes, 7. His public entry into Valladolid. 8. Is acknowledged King by the Cortes, who vote him a free gift, ib. The Castilians receive un∣favourable impressions of him, 10. Disgusts them by his partia∣lity to his Flemish ministers, ib. Sets out for Aragon, ib. Sends his brother Ferdinand to visit their grandfather Maximilian, ib. Cannot assemble the Cortes of Aragon in his own name, ib. The opposition made by that as∣sembly to his desires, ib. Refuses the application of Francis I. for the restitution of the kingdom of Navarre, 11. Neglects the re∣monstrances of the Castilians, ib. Death of the Emperor Maximi∣lian, 12. View of the present state of Europe, ib. How Maxi∣milian was obstructed in securing the empire to him, ib. Francis I. aspires to the Imperial crown, 13. Circumstances favourable to the pretensions of Charles, 14. The Swiss cantons espouse his cause, 16. Apprehensions and conduct of Pope Leo X. on the occasion, 17. Assembling of the Diet at Frankfort, 19. Frederick Duke of Saxony refuses the offer of the empire, and votes for him, 20. And refuses the presents offered by his ambassadors, ib. Concur∣ring circumstances which fa∣voured his election, 21. His election, ib. Signs and confirms the capitulation of the Germanic body, 22. The election no∣tified to him, ib. Assumes the title of Majesty, ib. Accepts the Imperial dignity offered by the Count Palatine ambassador from the electors, 23. The clergy of Castile refuse the tenth of bene∣fices granted him by the Pope, ib. Procures the interdict the king∣dom is laid under for refusal, to be taken off, ib. Empowers Car∣dinal Adrian to hold the Cortes of Valencia, 25. The nobles re∣fuse to assemble without his pre∣sence, ib. Authorises the insur∣gents there to continue in arms, ib. Summons the Cortes of Castile to meet in Galicia, 26. Narrow∣ly escapes with his Flemish mi∣nisters from an insurrection on that account, ib. Obtains a do∣native from the Cortes, 27. Pre∣pares to leave Spain, and ap∣points regents, ib. Embarks, ib. Motives of this journey, 29. Rise of the rivalship between him and Francis I. ib. Courts the favour of Henry VIII. of England and his minister Cardinal Wolsey, 34. Visits Henry at Dover, 35. Promises Wolsey his interest for the papacy, 36. Has a second interview with Henry at Grave∣lines, 37. Offers to submit his differences with Francis to Hen∣ry's arbitration, ib. His magni∣ficent coronation at Aix-la-Cha∣pelle, ib. Calls a Diet at Worms, to check the Reformers, 38. Causes which hindred his espous∣ing the party of Martin Luther, 75. Grants Luther a safe con∣duct to the Diet of Worms, ib. An edict published against him, 76. His embarrassment at this time, 78. Concludes an alliance with the Pope, 81. The condi∣tions of the treaty, ib. Death of his minister Chievres, and its ad∣vantages to him, 83. Invasion of Navarre by Francis, ib. The

• French driven out, and their ge∣neral L'Esparre taken prisoner, 84. War declared against him by Robert de la Mark, lord of Bouillon, who ravages Luxem∣burgh, 85. ••educes Bouillon, and invades France, 86. His demands at the congress at Ca∣lais, 87. Has an interview with Cardinal Wolsey at Bruges, and concludes a league with Henry VIII. against France, 88. Pope Leo declares for him against France, 91. The French driven out of Milan, 93, 96. Visits England in his passage to Spain, 98. Cultivates the good will of Cardinal Wolsey, and creates the Earl of Surrey his high ad∣miral, 99. Grants the island of Malta, to the Knights of St. John, expelled from Rhodes by Solyman the magnificent, 101. Arrives in Spain, 102. A re∣trospect of his proceedings in re∣lation to the insurrections in Spain, 109. Issues circulatory letters for the insurgents, to lay down their arms with pro∣mises of pardon, 110. His pru∣dent moderation toward the in∣surgents, on his arrival in Spain, 128. Acquires the love of the Castilians, 129. Enters into a league with Charles Duke of Bourbon, 134. Why he did not endeavour to get Wolsey elected Pope, 137. Invades Guienne and Burgundy, but without success, 139. His troops in Milan mutiny for want of pay, but are pacified by Morone, 141. Undertakes an invasion of Provence, 151. Orders Pescara to besiege Marseilles, ib. Pes∣cara obliged to retire, 153. Dis∣concerted by the French over-running the Milanese again, 155. The revenues of Naples mortgaged to raise money, 156. His troops defeat Francis and take him prisoner at the battle of Pavia, 162. His affected mo∣deration at receiving the news, 163. Avails himself of a treaty concluded between Lannoy and Pope Clement, but refuse to ra∣tify it, 167. His army in Pavia mutiny, and are obliged to be disbanded, 168. His deliberations on the proper improvement of his advantages, ib. His pro∣positions to Francis, 169. Af∣ter many delays grants Sforza, the investiture of Milan, 172. Morone's intrigues betrayed to him by Pescara, 174. Orders Pescara to continue his negocia∣tions with Morone, 175. His rigorous treatment of Francis, 176. Visits Francis, 177. His kind reception of the Duke of Bourbon, 178. Grants Bour∣bon the dutchy of Milan, and appoints him general in chief of the Imperial army there, ib. Fruitless negociations for the de∣livery of Francis, ib. Treaty of Madrid, with Francis, 180. Delivers up Francis, 183. Mar∣ries Isabella of Portugal, 184. An alliance formed against him at Cognac, 193. Sends ambassa∣dors to Francis to require the fulfilment of the treaty of Ma∣drid, 195. Prepares for war against Francis, 196. The Pope reduced to an accommodation with him, 200. The exhausted state of his finances, ib. His troops under Bourbon distressed and mutinous for want of pay, 201. Bourbon assaults Rome, and is slain, but the city taken, 208. The Prince of Orange general on Bourbon's death takes the castle of St. Angelo, and the Pope prisoner, 210. The Em∣peror's conduct on that occasion, 211. His dissensions with the Pope, how far favourable to the Reformation, 213. His instruc∣tions to the Diet at Spires, ib. His manifesto against the Pope, and letter to the cardinals, ib. France and England league a∣gainst him, 222. Is refused sup∣plies by the Cortes of Castile, 226. Delivers the Pope for a ransom, 227. His overtures to Henry and Francis, 228. Their declaration of war against him, 229. Is challenged by Francis to single combat, ib. Andrew Doria revolts from Francis to him, 234. His forces defeat the French in Italy, 236, 237. His motives for desiring an ac∣commodation, 238. Concludes a separate treaty with the Pope,

• 239. Terms of the peace of Cambray concluded with Fran∣cis, by the mediation of Mar∣garet of Austria and Louise of France, 240. Remarks on the advantages gained by him in this treaty, and on his conduct of the war, 241. Visits Italy, 244. His policy on his public entry into Barcelona, ib. Has an interview with the Pope at Bologna, 245. Motives for his moderation in Italy, ib. His treaties with the states of, 246. Is crowned King of Lombardy and Emperor of the Romans, 247. Summons a Diet at Spires to consider the state of religion, 249. His deliberations with the Pope, respecting the expediency of calling a general council, 250. appoints a Diet at Augsburgh, 251. Makes a public entry into that city, ib. His endeavours to check the Reformation, 253. Resolute behaviour of the Protes∣tant Princes toward him, 254. His severe decree against the Protestants, ib. Proposed his brother Ferdinand to be elected King of the Romans, ib. Is opposed by the Protestants, 255. Obtains his election, 256. Is desirous of an accommodation with the Protestants, 257. Con∣cludes a treaty with them at Nuremburgh, 258. Raises an army to oppose the Turks under Solyman, and obliges him to retire, 259. Has another in∣terview with the Pope, and pres∣ses him to call a general council, 260. Procures •• league of the Italian ••••tes to secure the peace of Italy, 61. Arrives at Bar∣celona, 26•• His endeavours to prevent the negociations and meeting between the Pope and Francis, 264. Undertakes to expel Barbarossa from Tunis, and restore Muley Hascen, 285. Lands in Africa, and besieges Goletta, 286. Takes the Golet∣ta, and seizes Barbarossa's fleet, 288. Defeats Barbarossa and takes Tunis, 289. Restores Mu∣ley Hascen, and the treaty be∣tween them, 290. The glory acquired by this enterprize, and the delivery of the Christian captives, 291. Seizes the dut∣chy of Milan on the death of Francis Sforza, 301. His poli∣cy with regard to it, ib. Pre∣pares for war with Francis, 302. His invective against Francis at Rome before the Pope in coun∣cil, 303. Remarks on this trans∣action, 305. Invades France, 306. Enters Provence and finds it desolated, 310. Besieges Marseilles and Arles, 311. His miserable retreat from Provence, 312. His invasion of Picardy defeated, 314. Is accused of poisoning the Dauphin, 315. Im∣probability of its truth, ib. His conjecture concerning the Dau∣phin's death, ib. Flanders in∣vaded by Francis, 316. A sus∣pension of arms in Flanders, how negociated, 317. A truce in Piedmont, ib. Motives to these truces, ib. Negociation for peace with Francis, 320. Concludes a truce for ten years at Nice, 321. Remarks on the war, ib. His interview with Francis, 322. Courts the friendship of Henry VIII. of England, 327. Indulges the Protestant Princes, ib. Quiets the apprehensions of the Catho∣lic league, 330. His troops mu∣tiny, 332. Assembles the Cortes of Castile, 333. Destroys the antient constitution of the Cortes, 334. Instance of the haughty spirit of the Spanish grandees, 335. Desires permission of Fran∣cis to pass through France to the Netherlands, 341. His re∣ception in France, 342. His ri∣gorous treatment of Ghent, 344. Refuses to fulfil his engagements to Francis, 345. Appoints a friendly conference between a deputation of Catholic and Pro∣testant divines before the Diet at Ratisbon, 360. Result of this conference, 362. Grants a pri∣vate exemption from oppressions to the Protestants, 363. Under∣takes to reduce Algiers, 368. Is near being cast away by a vio∣lent storm, 370. Lands near Al∣giers, ib. His soldiers exposed to a violent tempest and rain, 371. His fleet shattered, ib. His fortitude under these disasters, 374. Leaves his enterprize and

• embarks again, ib. Is distressed with another storm at sea, ib. Takes advantage of the French invasion of Spain, to obtain sub∣sidies from the Cortes, III. 7. His treaty with Portugal, ib. Concludes a league with Henry VIII. 8. Particulars of the trea∣ty, 10. Over runs Cleves, and his barbarous treatment of the town of Duren, 12. His beha∣viour to the Duke of Cleves, ib. Besieges Landrecy, ib. Is joined by an English detachment, 13. Is forced to retire, 14. Courts the favour of the Protestants, 18. His negociations with the Pro∣testants at the Diet of Spires, 20. Procures the concurrence of the Diet in a war against Francis, 22. Negociates a separate peace with the King of Denmark, ib. Invades Champagne, and in∣vades St. Disier, 27. Want of concert between his operations and those of Henry, who now in∣vades France, 28. Obtains St. Disier by artifice, ib. His di∣stresses and happy movements, 30. Concludes a separate peace with Francis, 31. His motives to this peace, 32. His advan∣tages by this treaty, 34. Obliges himself by a private article to exterminate the Protestant he∣resy, ib. Is cruelly afflicted with the gout, 36. Diet at Worms, 37. Arrives at Worms and al∣ters his conduct towards the Pro∣testants, 39. His conduct on the death of the Duke of Orleans, 42. His dissimulation to the Land∣grave of Hesse, 55. Concludes a truce with Solyman, 58. Holds a Diet at Ratisbon, 59. His de∣claration to the Protestant de∣puties, 61. His treaty with the Pope concluded by the cardinal of Trent, 62. His circular let∣ter to the Protestant members of the Germanic body, 63. The Protestants levy an army against him, 68. Is unprepared against them, 69. Puts them under the ban of the empire, 70. The Protestants declare war against him, 72. Marches to join the troops sent by the Pope, 74. Far∣nes•• the Pope's legate returns in disgust, 75. His prudent declen∣sion of an action with the Pro∣testants, 77. Is joined by his Flemish troops, ib. Proposals of peace made by the Protestants, 85. Their army disperse, ib. His rigorous treatment of the Protestant Princes, 86. Dis∣misses part of his army, 89. The Pope recals his troops, 90. His reflection on Fie••co's insurrec∣tion at Genoa, 100. Is alarmed at the hostile preparations of Francis, 104. Death of Francis, 106. A parallel drawn between him and Francis, ib. Conse∣quences of Francis's death to him, 109. Marches against the Elector of Saxony, ib. Passes the Elbe. 111. Defeats the Saxon army, 114. Takes the Elector prisoner, ib. His harsh recep∣tion of him, ib. Invests Wit∣temberg, 115. Condemns the Elector to death, by a court-martial, 116. The Elector by treaty surrenders the electorate, 119. The harsh terms imposed by him on the Landgrave of Hesse, 121. His haughty recep∣tion of the Landgrave, 123. De∣tains him prisoner, 124. Seizes the warlike stores of the league, 127. His cruel exactions, 128. Assembles a Diet at Augsburgh, 130. Intimidates the Diet by his Spanish troops, ib. Re-establishes the Romish worship in the churches of Augsburgh, ib. Seizes Placentia, 134. Orders the Diet to petition the Pope for the return of the council to Trent, 136. Protests against the council of Bologna, 138. Causes a system of faith to be prepared for Germany, 139. Lays it be∣fore the Diet, 140. The Interim opposed, 143. And rejected by the Imperial cities, 144. Re∣duces the city of Augsburgh to submission, 147. Repeats the same violence at Ulm, ib. Car∣ries the Elector and Landgrave with him into the Low-Coun∣tries, 148. Procures his son Philip to be recognized by the states of the Netherlands, 149. Establishes the Interim there, ib. Re-assembles the Diet at Augs∣burgh, under the influence of his Spanish troops, 156. The

• city of Magdeburgh refuses to admit the Interim and prepares for resistance, 161. Appoints Maurice Elector of Saxony to reduce it, 162. Promises to pro∣tect the Protestants at the coun∣cil of Trent, 163. Arbitrarily releases Maurice and the Elector of Brandenburgh, from their en∣gagements to the Landgrave for the recovery of his liberty, 164. Endeavours to secure the empire for his son Philip, 165. His bro∣ther Ferdinand refuses to sign his pretensions, 166. Besieges Par∣ma, but is repulsed, 170. Pro∣ceeds rigorously against the Pro∣testants, 172. Endeavours to support the council of Trent, 173. Puts Mag••eburgh, under the ban of the empire, ib. Ab∣solves the city, 177. Is involv∣ed in disputes between the coun∣cil and the Protestant deputies, concerning their safe conduct, 178. Begins to suspect Mau∣rice of Saxony, 188. Circum∣stances which ••••ntributed to de∣ceive him with regard to Mau∣rice, 189. Maurice takes the field against him, 190. Maurice seconded by Henry II. of France, 192. His distress and conster∣nation, ib. An ineffectual ne∣gociation with Maurice, 193. Flies from Inspruck, 196. Re∣leases the Elector of Saxony, 197. Is solicited to satisfy the demands of Maurice, 203. His present difficulties, 204. Refuses any direct compliance with the demands of Maurice, 207. Is disposed to yield by the progress of Maurice's operations, ib. Makes a peace with Maurice at Passau, 209. Reflections on this treaty, 210. Turns his arms against France, 196. Lays siege to Metz, 198. Is joined by Albert of Brandenburgh, 199. His army distressed by the vigi∣lance of the Duke of Guise, 200. Raises the siege and retires in a shattered condition, 202. Cosmo di Medici asserts his indepen∣dency against him, 203. Siena revolts against him, 204. Is de∣jected at his bad success, 206. Takes Terronane and demo∣lishes it, 212. Takes Hesdin, ib. Proposes his son Philip as a hus∣band to Mary Queen of Eng∣land, 222. The articles of the marriage, 223. Marches to op∣pose the French operations, 229. Is defeated by Henry, 230. Invades Picardy, ib. Grants Siena, subdued by Cosmo di Me∣dici to his son Philip, 237. A Diet at Augsburgh opened by Ferdinand, 244. Leaves the interior administration of Ger∣many to Ferdinand, 246. Ap∣plies again to Ferdinand to re∣sign his pretensions of succession to Philip, but is refused, 247. Recess of the Diet of Augsburgh, on the subject of religion, 249. A treaty concluded between Pope Paul IV. and Henry II. of France against him, 262. Re∣signs his hereditary dominions to his son Philip, 263. His mo∣tives for retirement, 264. Had long meditated this resignation, 265. The ceremony of this deed, 267. His speech on the occasion, ib. Resigns also the dominions of Spain, 270. His intended retirement into Spain retarded, 271. A truce for five years concluded with France, ib. Endeavours in vain to secure the Imperial crown for Philip, 280. Resigns the Imperial crown to Ferdinand, 281. Sets out for Spain, ib. His arrival and re∣ception in Spain, 282. Is di∣stressed by his son's ungrateful neglect in paying his pension, 283. Fixes his retreat in the monastery of St. Justus in Pla∣zencia, ib. The situation of this monastery, and his apartments described, 284. Contrast be∣tween the conduct of Charles and the Pope, ib. His manner of life in his retreat, 315. His death precipitated by his mo∣nastic severities, 317. Celebrates his own funeral, ib. Dies, ib. His character, 318. A review of the state of Europe during his reign, 329. His requisitions to the crown of Spain, 333.
• Chateau Cambresis, the conferences for peace between Philip II. of Spain, and Henry II. of France, removed thither from Cercamp, III. 324. The peace retarded

• by the demand of Elizabeth of England for restitution of Ca∣lais, ib. Particulars of the treaty signed there between England and France, 325. Terms of the pacification between Philip and Henry, 327.
• Cheregat••, nuncio from the Pope to the Diet at Nuremburgh, his in∣structions, II. 145. Opposes the assembling a general council, 146.
• Chievres, William de Croy, Lord of, appointed by Maximilian to su∣perintend the education of his grandson Charles, I. 348. Adrian of Utrecht made preceptor under him, 349. His direction of the studies of Charles, 350. His avarice corrupts the Flemish court of Charles, II. 2. Nego∣ciates a peace with France, 4. Endeavours to prevent an inter∣view between Charles and Xi∣menes, 5. Attends Charles to Spain, 6. His ascendancy over Charles, 8. His extortions, 9. His death and the supposed causes of it, 82.
• Christians, primitive, why averse to the principles of toleration, III. 250.
• Clement VII. Pope, his election, II. 137. His character, ib. Grants Cardinal Wolsey a legantine commission in England for life, 138. Refuses to accede to the league against Francis, 141. La∣bours to accommodate the dif∣ferences between the contending parties, ib. His proceedings with regard to the Reformers, 149. Concludes a treaty of neutrality with Francis, 158. Enters into a separate treaty with Charles after the battle of Pavia, and the consequences of it, 167. Joins in an alliance with Francis Sforza and the Venetians, against the Emperor, 193. Absolves Francis from his oath to observe the treaty of Madrid, 194. Cardinal Colonna seizes Rome, and in∣vests him in the castle of St. An∣gelo, 200. Is forced to an ac∣commodation with the Imperi∣alists, ib. His revenge against the Colonna family, 202. In∣vades Naples, ib. His territo∣ries invaded by Bourbon, and his perplexity on the occasion, 204. Concludes a treaty with Lannoy viceroy of Naples, 205. His consternation on Bourbon's motions towards Rome, 207. Rome taken, and himself besieg∣ed in the castle of St. Angelo, 209. Surrenders himself pri∣soner, 210. The Florentines re∣volt against him, 223. Pays Charles a ransom for his liberty, with other stipulations, 226. Makes his escape from con∣finement, 227. Writes a letter of thanks to Lautrec, ib. Is jea∣lous of the intentions of Francis, and negociates with Charles, 232. His motives and steps to∣wards an accommodation, 238. Concludes a separate treaty with Charles, 239. His interview with the Emperor at Bologna, 245. Crowns Charles King of Lombardy, and Emperor of the Romans, 247. His representa∣tions to the Emperor against calling a general council, 251. Has another interview with Charles at Bologna, and the dif∣ficulties raised by him to the calling a general council, 260. Agrees to a league of the Italian states for the peace of Italy, 261. His interview and treaty with Francis, 264. Marries Catha∣rine di Medici to the Duke of Orleans, 265. His protraction of the affair of the divorce soli∣cited by Henry VIII. ib. Re∣verses Cranmer's sentence of di∣vorce, under penalty of excom∣munication, ib. Henry renounces his supremacy, ib. His death, 266. Reflections on his pontificate, ib.
• Clergy, Romish, remarks on the immoral lives of, and how they contributed to the progress of the Reformation, II. 60. The fa∣cility with which they obtained pardons, 61. Their usurpations in Germany, during the dis∣putes concerning investitures, 62. Their other opportunities of aggrandizing themselves there 63. Their personal immunities, ib. Their encroachments on the laity, 64. The dreadful effects of spiritual censures, 65. Their devices to secure their usurpa∣tions, ib. The united effect of

• all these circumstances, 68. Op∣pose the advancement of learn∣ing in Germany, 71.
• Cleves, invaded and over-run by the Emperor Charles V. III. 12. Cruel treatment of Duren, ib. Humiliating submission of the Duke, 13.
• Cnipperdoling, a leader of the Ana∣baptists at Munster, an account of, II. 270, 272. See Anabaptists.
• Cognac, an alliance formed there against Charles V. by the Pope, the Venetians, the Duke of Mi∣lan, and Francis I. II. 193.
• Coligni, Admiral, governor of Pi∣cardy, defends St. Quintin against the Spanish general Emanuel Phillibert Duke of Savoy, III. 290. His brother D'Andelot de∣feated in an endeavour to join the garrison, 292. But D'Andelot enters the town, ib. His charac∣ter, 295. The town taken by assault, and himself taken pri∣soner, 296.
• Cologne, Ferdinand King of Hun∣gary and Bohemia, brother to the Emperor Charles V. elected King of the Romans by the col∣lege of electors there, II. 256.
• Cologne, Herman, Count de Wied, Archbishop and Elector of, in∣clines to the Reformation, and is opposed by his canons, who appeal to the Emperor and Pope, III. 40. Is deprived and ex∣communicated, 57. Resigns, 88.
• Colonna, Cardinal Pompeo, his cha∣racter, and rivalship with Pope Clement VII. II. 199. Seizes Rome, and invests the Pope in the castle of St. Angelo, ib. Is degraded, and the rest of the fa∣mily excommunicated by the Pope, 202. Is prevailed on by the Pope when prisoner with the Imperialists, to solicit his deli∣very, 226.
• Colonna, Prosper, the Italian gene∣ral, his character, II. 91. Ap∣pointed to command the troops in the invasion of Milan, ib. Drives the French out of Milan, 93. His army how weakened at the death of Pope Leo X. 94. Defeats Marechal de Lautrec at Bicocca, 97. Reduces Genoa, 99. The bad state of his troops when the French invade Milan, 136. Is enabled to defend the city by the ill conduct of Bonni∣vet the French commander, ib. Dies, and is succeeded by Lan∣noy, 140.
• Conchillos, an Aragonian gentle∣man, employed by Ferdinand of Aragon, to obtain Joanna's con∣sent to his regency of Castile, I. 337. Thrown into a dungeon by the Archduke Philip, 338.
• Confession of Augsburgh, drawn up by Melancthon, II. 252.
• Constance, the privileges of that city taken away by the Emperor Charles V. for disobedience to the Interim, III. 149.
• Corsairs of Barbary, an account of the rise of, II. 280. See Algiers, and Barbarossa.
• Cortes of Aragon, acknowledges the Archduke Philip's title to the crown, I. 333. Not allowed to assemble in the name of Charles V. Their opposition to his desires, ib. Is prevailed on by the Emperor to recognize his son Philip as successor to that kingdom, III. 7. See Spain.
• Cortes of Castile, acknowledges the Archduke Philip's title to the crown, I. 333. Is prevailed on to acknowledge Ferdinand re∣gent, according to Isabella's will, 336. Acknowledges Philip and Joanna King and Queen of Castile, and their son Charles, Prince of Asturias, 342. De∣clares Charles King, and votes him a free gift, II. 8. Summon∣ed by Charles to meet at Com∣postella, in Galicia, 26. Tumul∣tuary proceedings thereupon, 27. A donative voted, ib. Loses all its influence by the dissolu∣tion of the Holy Junta, 125. Its backwardness to grant supplies for the Emperor's wars in Italy, 201. Refuses his pressing soli∣citations for a supply, 226. As∣sembled at Toledo to grant sup∣plies to the Emperor, 333. The remonstrances of, 334. The an∣tient constitution of, subverted by Charles, ib. See Spain.
• Cortes of Valencia, prevailed on by the Emperor Charles V. to ac∣knowledge his son Philip suc∣cessor to that kingdom, III. 7. See Spain.
• ...

• Cortona, Cardinal di, governor of Florence for the Pope, expelled by the Florentines on the Pope's captivity, II. 223.
• C••smo di Medici. See Medici.
• Cranmer, archbishop of Canterbu∣ry, annals the marriage of Henry VIII. with Catharine of Aragon, which was refused to Henry by the Pope, II. 265. His sentence reversed by the Pope, ib.
• Cres••y, peace of, between the Em∣peror and Francis, III, 31.
• Croy, William de, nephew to Chievres, made archbishop of Toledo, by Charles V. II. 10. Dies, 124.

D

• D'Albert John, expelled from his kingdom of Navarre by Ferdi∣nand of Aragon, I. 346. Invades Navarre, but is defeated by Car∣dinal Ximenes, II. 1.
• D'Al••mbert, M. his observations on the order of Jesuits, II. 355, Note.
• D'Andelot, brother to Coligni, is defeated by the Duke of Saxony, in an endeavour to succour St. Quintin, III. 292. But enters the town with the fugitives, ib. The town taken by assault, 295.
• Dauphin of France, eldest son of Francis I. is delivered up with the Duke of Orleans, to the Em∣peror Charles V. in exchange for his father, as hostage for the per∣formance of the treaty of Ma∣drid, II. 183. His death im∣puted to poison, 314. The most probable cause of it, 315.
• Dauphin, late Duke of Orleans, se∣cond son of Francis I. commands an army and invades Spain, III. 6. Is forced to abandon the siege of Perpignan, 7. Is dissa∣tisfied at the peace of Crespy, 35. Makes a secret protestation against it, ib.
• Dauphin, of France, son of Henry II. contracted to Mary the young Queen of Scotland, III. 135. Is married to her, 308.
• Denmark, a summary view of the revolutions in, during the six∣teenth century, III. 350.
• Denmark, King of, joins the Pro∣testant league at Smalkalde, II. 330.
• De ••etz, Cardinal, writes a history of Fiesco's conspiracy, while a youth, III. 100, Note.
• Diana, of Poitiers, mistress to Hen∣ry II. of France, assists the Guises in persuading Henry to an al∣liance with Pope Paul IV. against the Emperor III. 260. Indu∣ces Henry to break the treaty of Vancelles, 276. Marries her grand-daughter to one of Mont∣morency's sons, 313. Joins Montmorency against the Guires, ib.
• D••ria, Andrew, assists Lautrec in subduing Genoa, II. 225. Con∣quers and kills Moncada in a sea engagement before the har∣bour of Naples, 231. His charac∣ter, 233. Is disgusted with the behaviour of the French, ib. Revolts to the Emperor, 234. Opens to Naples a communica∣tion by sea, ib. Rescues Genoa, from the French, 235. Re∣stores the government of, to the citizens, 236. The respect paid to his memory, 237. Attends the Emperor Charles in his dis∣astrous expedition against Al∣giers, 370. His partial fondness for his kinsman Giannetino, III. 92. His narrow escape in Lavagno's insurrection, 98. Re∣turns on Lavagno's death, and the dispersion of his party, 100. See Genoa and Lavagno.
• Doria, Giannetino, his character, III. 92. Is murdered by La∣vagno's conspirators, 98.
• Dover, an interview there between Henry VIII. and the Emperor Charles V. II. 35.
• Dragut, a corsair, commands the Turkish fleet which ravages the coasts of Naples, III. 205.
• Du Prat, chancellor of France, his character, II. 133. Com∣mences a law suit against Charles Duke of Bourbon, for his estate, at the instigation of Louise the King's mother, ib.
• Duelling, the custom of, how ren∣dered general, II. 229. Its in∣fluence on manners, 230.
• Duren, in Cleves, taken by the Emperor Charles V. the inhabi∣tants put to the sword, and the town burnt, III. 12.

E.

• Eccius, an adversary of Luther's,

• holds a public disputation with him at Leipsic, on the validity of the pap••l authority, II. 52.
• Ecclesiastical censures of the Ro∣mish church, the dreadful effects of, II. 65.
• Ecclesiastical reservation, in the recess of the Diet of Augsburgh, remarks on, II. 258.
• Edinburgh, plundered and burnt by the Earl of Hertford, III. 27.
• Edward, VI. of England, his character, III. 221.
• Egmont, Count of, commands the cavalry at the battle of St. Quintin, and puts Montmoren∣cy's troops to flight, III. 292. Engages Marechal de Termes, and defeats him by the casual arrival of an English squadron, 310.
• Egypt, how and by whom added to the Ottoman empire, II. 14.
• Ehrenburgh, the castle of, taken by Maurice of Saxony, III. 195.
• Eignotz, a faction in Geneva so termed, an account of, II. 289.
• Elizabeth sister of Mary, her acces∣sion to the crown of England, III. 321. Her character ib. Is addres∣sed by Philip of Spain, and Henry of France for marriage 322. Her prudent conduct be∣tween them, ib. How deter∣mined against Henry, 323. Her motives for rejecting Philip, ib. Returns Philip an evasive answer, ib. Demands restitution of Calais at the conferences at Chateau Cambresis, 324. Esta∣blishes the Protestant religion in England, ib. Treaty between her and Henry, signed at Chateau Cambresis, 325.
• Emanuel Phillibert, Duke of Sa∣voy. See Savoy.
• England, by what means that king∣dom was freed from the papal supremacy, and received the doctrines of the Reformation, II. 265. Mary Queen of, married to Prince Philip, son of the Em∣peror Charles V▪ contrary to the sense of the nation, III. 223. The marriage ratified by parlia∣ment, 225. Is reluctantly en∣gaged by Philip, now King of Spain, in the war against France, 289. Mary levies money by her prerogative to carry on the war, ib. Calais taken by the Duke of Guise, 304. Guisness and Hames taken, ib. Death of Mary and accession of Elizabeth, 321. The Protestant religion established by Elizabeth, 324. Treaty with France signed at Chateau Cambresis, 325. Its interior strength how increased by the conduct of Henry VIII. 337. Its power no longer fruit∣lessly wasted on the continent, 339. Alteration of its conduct toward Scotland, 340.
• Enguien, the Count de, besieges Carignan, III. 23. Desires of Francis, permission to engage Guasto, 24. Defeats Guasto in a pitched battle, ib.
• Erard de la Mark, ambassador of Charles V. to the Diet of Frankfort, his private motives for thwarting the pretensions of Francis I. of France, to the Imperial crown, II. 21. Signs the capitulation of the Ger∣manic body, on behalf of Charles, 22.
• Erasmus, some account of, II. 72. Preceded Luther in his censures against the Romish church, ib. Concurs with him in his inten∣tions of Reformation, 73. Mo∣tives which checked him in this, ib.
• Escurial, palace of, built by Phi∣lip II. in memory of the battle of St. Quintin, III. 297.
• Europe, a short view of the sta••e of, at the death of the Emperor Maximilian, II. 12. The con∣temporary Monarchs of, all il∣lustrious, at the time of Charles V. 38. The method of carrying on war in, how improved be∣yond the practice of earlier ages, II. 138. The sentiments of, on Charles's treatment of the Pope, 221. A review of the state of, during the reign of the Em∣peror Charles V. III. 329. The remarkable change in, at this period, 330. How effected by the revolt of Luther against the church of Rome, 341.
• Eutemi, King of Algiers, engages Barbarossa in his service, and is murdered by him, II. 282.
• Excommunication in the Romish church, the original institution

• of, and the use made of it, II. 65.

F

• Farnese, Alexander, his unanimous election to the papacy, II. 266. See Paul III.
• Farnese, Cardinal, accompanies the troops sent by the Pope to the Emperor, against the army of the Protestant league, III. 74. Returns disgusted, 75. Leads the troops home again by the Pope's order, 89. Contributes to the election of Cardinal di Monte to the papacy, 153.
• Farnese, Octavio, grandson of Pope Paul III. endeavours to surprize Parma, and enters into treaty with the Emperor, III. 151. Is confirmed in Parma, by Julius III. 168. Procures an alliance with France, 170. Is attacked by the Imperialists, but success∣fully protected by the French, ib. Placentia restored to him by Philip II. of Spain, 299.
• Farnese, Peter Lewis, natural son of Pope Paul III. obtains of his father the dutchies of Parma and Placentia, III. 43. His character, 133. Is assassinated, ib.
• Ferdinand, King of Aragon, how he acquired his kingdom, I. 332. Invites his daughter Jo∣anna, and her husband, Philip Archduke of Austria, to Spain, ib. Becomes jealous of Philip, 333. Carries on his war with France vigorously, notwithstand∣ing Philip's treaty with Lewis, 334. His Queen Isabella dies, and leaves him regent of Castile, under restrictions, 335. Resigns the kingdom of Castile, and is acknowledged regent by the Cortes, ib. His character, 336. His maxims of government, odious to the Castillians, ib. Required by Philip to resign his regency, 337. Joanna's letter of consent procured by him, intercepted by Philip, and her∣self confined, 338. Is deserted by the Castilian nobility, ib. Determines to exclude his daugh∣ter from the succession by mar∣rying, ib. Marries Germaine de Foix, neice to Lewis XII. of France, 339. A treaty be∣tween him and Philip at Sala∣manca, by which the regency, of Castile is jointly, vested in them, and Joanna, ib. Prevails on Henry VII. of England to detain Philip for three months, when driven on that coast, 340. The Castilians declare against him, ib. Resigns the regency of Castile by treaty, 341. In∣terview between him and Philip, ib. Is absent, at Naples, when Philip died, 344. Returns and gains with the regency of Castile, the good will of the natives by his prudent administration, 345. Acquires by dishonourable means the kingdom of Navarre, 346. How he destroyed his constitu∣tion, ib. Endeavours to ex∣cluded his grandson Charles from his Spanish succession, 347. Alters his will in favour of Charles, ib. Dies, 348. Re∣view of his administration, 351. Ximenes appointed by his will, regent of Castile, until the ar∣rival of Charles V. ib.
• Ferdinand, second son of Philip Archduke of Austria born, I. 334. Left regent of Aragon, by his grandfather Ferdinand, 347. This, revoked by a sub∣sequent will, by which he ob∣tains only a pension, 348. Dis∣contented with his disappoint∣ment, he is taken to Madrid under the eye of Cardinal Xi∣menes, 354. Sent by Charles V. to visit their grandfather Maxi∣milian, II. 10. Is elected King of Hungary and Bohemia, 212. Signs a deed called the Reverse, ib. The Emperor endeavours to get him elected King of the Romans, 254. He is opposed by the Protestants, 255. Is crown∣ed King of the Romans, 256. Forms a confederacy against the Anabaptists at Munster, 274. Opposes the restoration of Ulric Duke of Wurtemberg, 278. Recognizes his title and con∣cludes a treaty with him, ib. His kingdom of Hungary wrest∣ed from him by John Zapol Scaepius, 363. Besieges the young King Stephen and his mother in Buda, but is defeated by the Turks, 366. His mean

• offers of submission to the Porte, 366. Which are rejected, 367. Courts the favour of the Protes∣tants, III. 18. Opens the Diet at Worms, 3••. Requires it to submit to the decisions of the council of Trent, 38. Agrees to pay a tribute to Solyman for Hungary, 58. Encroaches on the liberties of Bohemia, 128. His rigorous treatment of Prague, 130. Disarms the Bohemians, ib. Obtains the sovereignty of the city of Constance, 149. Invades Transylvania by invita∣tion of Martinuzzi, 180. Ob∣tains the resignation of Tran∣sylvania from Queen Isabella, 181. Ord•• Martinuzzi to be assassinated, 183. Enters into negociation with Maurice on behalf of the Emperor, 202. His motives for promoting the Em∣peror's agreeing with Maurice, 206. Isabella and her son Ste∣phen, recover possession of Tran∣sylvania, 214. Opens a Diet at Augsburgh, and excites suspici∣ons in the Protestants, 244. The Emperor leaves the inter∣nal administration of German affairs to him, 246. Is again applied to by the Emperor to resign his pretensions of succes∣sion to Philip, but refuses, 247. Endeavours therefore to gain the friendship of the Diet, ib. Again refuses the Emperor's solicitations, 281. Charles re∣signs the Imperial crown to him, ib. Assembles the college of electors at Frankfort, which acknowledges him Emperor of Germany, 306. The Pope re∣fuses to acknowledge him, ib.
• Feudal government, a view of, as it existed in Spain, II. 106.
• Fiesco, Count of Lavagna. See Lavagna.
• Fiesco, Jerome, engages in his bro∣ther's conspiracy, and fails in securing Andrew Doria, III. 98. His imprudent vanity on his brother's death, 99. Shuts him∣self up in a fort on his estate, 100. Is reduced and put to death, 105.
• Flanders. See Netherlands.
• Florence, the inhabitants of, revolt against Pope Clement VII. on the news of his captivity, and recover their liberty, II. 223. Are reduced to subjection to Alexander di Medici, by the ••••••or, 247. Alexander di 〈…〉〈…〉 Duke of, assassinated by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••••nsman Lorenzo, 324. Cosmo 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Medici, advanced to the sovereignty, 325. Cos∣mo, supported by the Emperor, defeats the partizans of Lorenzo, ib. Cosmo asserts his inde∣pendency on the Emperor III. 203.
• Fonseca, Antonio de, commander in chief of the forces in Spain, ordered by Cardinal Adrian to besiege the insurgents in Segovia, II. 105. Is denied liberty of taking military stores, by the inhabitants of Medina del Campo, ib. Attacks and almost burns the whole town, ib. Is repulsed, ib. His house at Val∣ladolid burnt, ib.
• France, the acquisitions of that kingdom, during the reign of the Emperor Charles V. III. 335. The Character of the people of, 336. The good con∣sequences of the civil wars in that kingdom to the rest of Europe, 337.
• Francis I. King of France, con∣cludes a peace with Charles V. and the conditions of the treaty, II. ••. Sends a fruitless embassy to Charles for the restitution of Navarre to the young King, II. Aspires to the Imperial crown at the death of Maximilian, 13. Reasons by which he supported his pretensions, 15. Remarks on the equipages of his ambas∣sadors to the German states, 16. His pretensions adopted by the Venetians, ib. Loses the elec∣tion, 21. Rise of the rivalship between him and Charles, 21. Courts the favour of Cardinal Wolsey, 34. Promises Wolsey his interest for the papacy, 36. Has an interview with Henry VIII. of England, ib. Wrestles with Henry and throws him, ib. Note. His advantages over Charles, at the commencement of hostilities between them, 80. Concludes an alliance with the Pope, 81. Invades and reduces

• Navarre, in the name of Henry d'Albert, son of John, the for∣mer King, 84. The French driven out by the imprudence of L'Esparre their general, who is taken prisoner by the Spaniards, 85. Retakes Mouson from the Imperalists, 86. Invades the Low-Countries, but loses the opportunities of success by im∣prudence, ib. Rejects the de∣mands of Charles at the congress at Calais, 88. A league con∣cluded between Charles and Henry VIII. against him, ib. His imprudent appointment of the Marechal de Foix to the govern∣ment of Milan, 90. De Foix at∣tacks Reggio, but is repulsed by the governor Guicciardini the historian, 91. The Pope de∣clares against him, ib. His em∣barrassments on the invasion of Milan, 92. His mother seizes the money appointed for pay∣ment of the Milanese troops, ib. Milan taken, and the French driven out, 93. Levies a body of Swiss, 96. Who insist on giving a precipitate battle to the Imperialists, which is lost, ib. War declared against him by Henry VIII. 98. His expedients to supply his treasury, ib. The plan pursued by him to resist the incursions of the English, 100. Picardy invaded by Henry, ib. The Venetians league with the Emperor against him, 131. To which Pope Adrian accedes, ib. His expeditious movement against the Milanese, ib. Disconcerted by the Duke of Bourbon's con∣spiracy, ib. Taxes him with be∣traying his cause, which Bour∣bon denies, 134. Bourbon escapes to Italy and Francis returns, 135. Appoints the admiral Bonnivet to command against the Mila∣nese, ib. Picardy invaded by the Duke of Suffolk, who is dri∣ven back, 139. Repulses the invasion of Guienne and Bur∣gundy by Charles, ib. His suc∣cessful close of the campaign, ib. His prudent care to disappoint the Imperialists in their invasion of Provence, 153. Assembles an army, which causes the imperi∣alists to retire from Marseilles, ib. Determines to invade the Milanese, 154. Appoints his mother Louise regent during his absence, ib. Enters Milan, and takes possession of the city, 155. Advised by Bonnivet to besiege Pavia, 156. His vigorous at∣tacks on Pavia, 157. Concludes a treaty of neutrality with Pope Clement, 158. His imprudent invasion of Naples, 159. Re∣solves by Bonnivet's advice to attack Bourbon's army, advanced to the relief of Pavia, 160. Is routed at the battle of Pavia, 161. Is taken prisoner, ib. Is sent to the castle of Pizzitchitone under the custody of Don Ferdinand Alarcon, 163. Refuses the pro∣positions made to him by Charles, 169. Is carried to Spain on his desire of a personal interview with Charles, 171. Is rigorously treated in Spain, 176. Falls dan∣gerously ill, ib. Is visited by Charles. 177. Resolves to resign his kingdom, 179. Is delivered from his captivity by the treaty of Madrid, 180. His secret pro∣testations against the validity of this treaty, 182. Marries the Queen of Portugal, ib. Recovers his liberty, and the Dauphin and the Duke of Orleans delivered up hostages to Charles for the performance of the treaty of Madrid, 183. Writes a letter of acknowledgment to Henry VIII. of England, 192. His reply to the Imperial ambassadors, ib. Enters into a league with the Pope, the Venetians and Sforza, against Charles, 193. Is absolv∣ed from his oath to observe the treaty of Madrid, 194. His be∣haviour to the Emperor's second embassy, 195. Is dispirited by his former ill success, 197. Enters into a treaty with Henry VIII. of England against the Emperor, 222. Successes of his general Lautrec in Italy, 225. His reply to the Emperor's overtures, 228. Declares war against him, and challenges him to single combat, 228. Treats Andrew Doria ill, who revolts from him to the Emperor, 234. His army, under Saluces, driven out of Italy, 235. His troops in Milan routed, 238.

• His endeavours toward an ac∣commodation, 239. Terms of the peace of Cambray, conclud∣ed by the mediation of his mo∣ther Louise and Margaret of Austria, 240. Remarks on the sacrifices made by him in this treaty, and on his conduct of the war, 241. Leagues secretly with the Protestant Princes, 256. His measures to elude the treaty of Cambray, 262. His negocia∣tions with the Pope, 263. His interview and treaty with the Pope, 264. Gives the Duke of Orleans in marriage to Catharine di Medici, ib. Ne∣gociates a treaty with Francis Sforza, Duke of Milan, 293. His envoy Merveille executed at Milan for murder, ib. Is disap∣pointed in his endeavours to ne∣gociate alliances against the Em∣peror, 294. Invites Melancthon to Paris, ib. Evidences his zeal for the Romish religion, 295. Causes of his quarrel with the Duke of Savoy, 297. Seizes the Duke's territories, 298. His pre∣tensions to the dutchy of Milan, on the death of Francis Sforza, 301. The Emperor's invective against him before the Pope in council, 303. Is invaded by Charles, 306. His prudent plan of defence, 309. Joins the ar∣my under Montmorency, 312. Death of the Dauphin, 314. Ob∣tains a decree of the parliament of Paris against the Emperor, 316. Invades the Low-Coun∣tries, ib. A suspension of arms in Flanders, and how negociated, 317. A truce in Piedmont, 318. Motives to these truces, ib. Concludes an alliance with So∣lyman the Magnificent, ib. Ne∣gociations for a peace with the Emperor, 320. Concludes a truce for ten years at Nice, 321. Reflections on the war, ib. His interview with Charles, 322. Marries Mary of Guise to James V. of Scotland, 326. Refuses the offers of the deputies of Ghent, 340. Informs Charles of the offer made by them, ib. Grants the Emperor leave to pass through France to the Ne∣therlands, 342. His reception of the Emperor, 343. Is deceived by the Emperor in respect to Milan, 345. His ambassador to the Porte, Rincon, murdered by the Imperial governor of the Milanese, III. 3. Prepares to resent the injury, 4. Attacks the Emperor with five armies, 5. His first attempts rendered abor∣tive, by the imprudence of the Duke of Orleans, 6. Renews his negociations with Sultan So∣lyman, 11. Invades the Low-Countries, 12. Forces the Em∣peror to raise the siege of Lan∣drecy, 13. Dismisses Barbarossa, 23. Gives the Count d'Enguien permission to engage Guasto, 25. Relieves Paris, in danger of be∣ing surprized by the Emperor, 31. Agrees to a separate peace with Francis, ib. Henry's haughty return to his overtures of peace, 35. Death of the Duke of Or∣leans, 42. Peace of Campe, 67. Perceives a necessity of checking the Emperor's ambitious de∣signs, 102. Forms a general league against him, 103. Dies, 106. His life and character sum∣marily compared with those of Charles, ib. Consequences of his death, 109.
• Francis II. his accession to the crown of France, and character, III. 329.
• Frankfort, the Diet of, assembled for the choice of an Emperor at the death of Maxmilian, II. 18. Names and views of the electors, 19. The empire offered to Fre∣derick of Saxony, ib. Who re∣jects it, with his reasons, ib. Chooses Charles V. Emperor, 21. His confirmation of the Ger∣manic privileges required and agreed to, 22. City of, em∣braces the Reformed religion, II. 144. The college of electors as∣sembled there by Ferdinand, who is acknowledged Emperor of Germany, III. 306.
• Frederick, Duke of Saxony, as∣sembles with the other electors at the Diet of Frankfort, to choose an Emperor, II. 18. The empire offered to him, ib. Re∣jects it, and votes for Charles V. 19. Refuses the presents of the Spanish ambassadors, 20. This disinterested behaviour confirm∣ed by the testimony of historians,

• ... ib. Note. Chooses Martin Luther philosophical Professor at his University of Wittemberg, 42. Encourages Luther in his op∣position to indulgences, 44. Protects him against Cajetan, 49. Causes Luther to be seized at his return from the Diet of Worms, and conceals him at Wartburgh, 77. Dies, 190.
• Fergos••, The French ambassador to Venice, murdered by the Mar∣quis del Guasto, the Imperial governor of the Milanese, III. 3.
• Frondsperg, George, a German nobleman, some account of, he joins the army of Charles V. II. 200.

G

• General of the Jesuits, an inquiry into his office and despotic authority, III. 349.
• Geneva, an account of its revolt against the Duke of Savoy, II. 298.
• Genoa, reduced by Lautrec, the French general, II. 225. The French endeavour to prejudice its trade in favour of Savona, 233. Is rescued from the French by Andrew Doria, 236. The government of, settled by the disinterestedness of Doria, 237. The honour paid to Doria's memory, ib. Is visited by the Emperor, 245. A scheme form∣ed to overturn the constitution of, by Fiesco, Count of Lavag∣na, III. 93. He assembles his adherents, 95. The conspira∣tors sally forth from Lavagna's palace, 96. Deputies sent to know Lavagna's terms, 98. Lavagna drowned, ib. The in∣surrection ruined by the im∣prudence of his brother Jerome Fiesco, 99. The conspirators disperse, ib. Jerome reduced and put to death, 105.
• Germanada, an association in Va∣lencia, so termed, on what oc∣casion formed, II. 125. Refuse to lay down their arms, ib. Their resentment levelled at the nobility, who raise an army against them, 126. Defeat the nobles in several actions, ib. But are routed and dispersed by them, ib.
• Germany, state of, at the death of the Emperor Maximilian, II. 12. Charles V. of Spain, and Francis I. of France, form pretensions to the Imperial crown, 13. Their respective reasons offered in favour of their claims, 14, 15. Views and interests of the other European states in relation to the competitors, 16. Henry VIII. of England, advances a claim, 17. But is discouraged from prosecuting it, ib. How the papacy was likely to be af∣fected in the choice of an Em∣peror, ib. Advice of Pope Leo X. to the German Princes 18. Opening of the Diet at Frank∣fort, ib. In whom the election of an Emperor is vested, ib. Views of the electors, ib. The empire offered to Frederick of Saxony, 19. Who rejects it, and his reasons, ib. Charles V. chosen, 21. The capitula∣tion of the Germanic privi∣leges confirmed by him, 22. Charles sets our for, 28. Charles crowned at Aix-la-Chapelle, 37. Commencement of the Refor∣mation there, by Martin Luther, 38. Treatment of the bull of excommunication published a∣gainst Luther, 54. The usurpa∣tions of the clergy there, during the disputes concerning investi∣tures, 62. The clergy of, mostly foreigners, 66. The benefices of, nominated by the Pope, ib. The expedient of the Emperors for restraining this power of the Pope, ineffectual, 67. The great progress of Luther's doctrines in, 144. Grievances of the peasants, 184. Insurrection in Suabia, 185. The memorial of their grievances 186. The insurrection quelled, 187. Another insurrection in Thuringia, ib. How the house of Austria became so formidable in, 211. Proceedings relating to the Reformation there, 213. Great progress of the Reforma∣tion there, 248. Ferdinand King of Hungary and Bohemia, brother to Charles V. elected King of the Romans, 256. The Protestant religion established in Saxony, 332. The Protestant religion established in the Pala∣tinate,

• III. 44. The league of Smalkalde, raise an army against the Emperor, 69. Are put under the ban of the empire, 71. The Protestant army dispersed, 85. The Interim enforced by the Emperor, 145. Maurice of Saxony raises an army, and de∣clares in favour of the Protes∣tants, 190. Maurice favoured even by the Catholic Princes, and why, 203. Treaty of Pas∣sau, between the Emperor and Maurice of Saxony, 209. Truce between the Emperor and Henry of France, 271. Charles resigns the Imperial crown to his brother Ferdinand, 281.
• Ghent, an insurrection there, II. 336. The pretensions of the citizens, ib. Form a confe∣deracy against the Queen-Dow∣ager of Hungary, their gover∣ness, 337. Their deputies to the Emperor, how treated by him, ib. Offer to submit to France, 338. Is reduced by Charles, 344.
• Ghibeline faction, in Italy, a view of, II. 198.
• Giron, Don Pedro de, appointed to the command of the army of the Holy Junta, II. 115. Re∣signs his commission and Padilla replaced, 117.
• Golletta, in Africa, taken by the Emperor Charles V. II. 286.
• Gonzaga, the Imperial governor of Milan, procures Cardinal Farnese to be assassinated, and takes possession of Placentia for the Emperor, III. 134. Prepares to seize Parma, 169. Is re∣pulsed by the French, 170.
• Granvelle, Cardinal, his artifice to prevail on the Count de Sancerre to surrender St. Disier to the Emperor, III. 29. En∣deavours to lull the Protestants into security with regard to the Emperor's conduct toward them, 49. Is commissioned by Philip to address the assembly at the Emperor's resignation of his hereditary dominions, 269.
• Gravelines, an interview there be∣tween the Emperor Charles V. and Henry VIII. of England, II. 37.
• Gropper, canon of Cologne, is ap∣pointed a manager of the Protes∣tant and Catholic conferences before the Diet at Ratisbon, II. 360. Writes a treatise to com∣pose the differences between them, 361. The sentiments of both parties on this work, ib.
• Granada, archbishop of, president of the council of Castile, his im∣prudent advice to Cardinal Adrian, relating to the insur∣rection in Segovia, II. 104.
• Guasto, the Marquis del, appoint∣ed governor of Milan, by the Emperor, II. 313. Procures Rincon, the French ambassador to the Porte, to be murdered on his journey thither, III. 3. Defends Carignan against the French, 24. Defeated by d'En∣guien in a pitched battle, 25.
• G••icciardini, his account of the publication of indulgences con∣tradicted, II. 45. Defends Reg∣gio against the French, 91. Re∣pulses an attack upon Parma, by the French, 94. His senti∣ments of the Pope's treaty with with Lannoy, viceroy of Naples, 205.
• Guise, Francis of Lorrain, Duke of, is made governor of Metz by Henry II. of France, III. 196. His character, ib. Prepares to defend it against the Emperor, 197. His brother d'Aumale taken prisoner by the Imperia∣lists, 199. The Emperor raises the siege, 202. His humane treatment of the distressed sick Germans left behind, 203. Per∣suades Henry to an alliance with Pope Paul IV. 260. Marches with troops into Italy, 285. Is unable to effect any thing, 287. Is recalled from Italy after the defeat of St. Quintin, 297. His reception in France, 302. Takes the field against Philip, 303. In∣vests and takes Calais from the English, 304. Takes also Guis∣ness and Hames, 305. Takes Thionville in Luxemburgh, 309.
• Guise, Mary of, married to James V. of Scotland, II. 326. Fru∣strates the intended marriage be∣tween her daughter Mary, and Prince Edward, of England, III. 23.
• Gurk, Cardinal de, why he favour∣ed the election of Charles V.

• to the Imperial crown, II. 21. Signs the capitulation of the Germanic body on behalf of Charles, 22.
• Gusman, chancellor to the Em∣peror Ferdinand, is sent to Pope Paul IV. to notify the elec∣tion, who refuses to see him III. 306.

H

• Hamburgh, city of, embraces the Reformed religion, II. 144.
• Haro, the Conde de, appointed to command the army of the Casti∣lian nobles against the Holy Junta, II. 116. Attacks Torde∣sillas, and gets possession of Queen Joanna, ib. Routs the army of the Junta, and takes Padilla prisoner, who is execut∣ed, 121.
• Hascen Aga, deputy governor of Algiers, his piracies against the Christian states, II. 368. Is besieged in Algiers by the Em∣peror Charles V. 370. Makes a successful sally, 371. The Em∣peror forced by bad weather to return back again, 373.
• Hayraddin, a potter's son of Les∣bos commences pirate, II. 281. See Barbarossa.
• Heathens, antient, why the prin∣ciples of mutual toleration were generally admitted among them, III. 250.
• Heldo, vice chancellor to Charles V. attends the Pope's nuncio to Smalkalde, II. 328. Forms a Catholic league in opposition to the Protestant one, 330.
• Henry II. King of France, his motives for declining an alliance with Pope Paul III. against the Emperor, III. 135. Procures for Scotland a peace with Eng∣land, 170. The young Queen Mary, contracted to the Dau∣phin, and sent to France for education, ib. Enters into an al∣liance with Octavio Farnese Duke of Parma, ib. Protests against the council of Trent, 171. Makes alliance with Maurice Elector of Saxony, 228. Seconds the operations of Maurice, 190. His army marches and seizes Metz, 194. Attempts to sur∣prize Strasburgh, 200. Is strongly solicited to spare it, 201. Re∣turns, ib. The Emperor pre∣pares for war against him, 195. Instigates the Turks to invade Naples, 205. Terrouane taken and demolished by Charles, 212. Hesdin taken, ib. Leads an ar∣my into the Low-Countries against Charles, ib. Endeavours to obstruct the marriage of Mary of England with Philip of Spain, 227. The progress of his arms against the Emperor, 228. Engages Charles, 230. Retires, ib. Cosmo di Medici, Duke of Florence, makes war against him, 231. Appoints Peter Strozzi commander of his army in Italy, 233. Strozzi defeated, 234. Siena taken, 236. Pope Paul IV. makes overtures to an alliance with him against the Emperor, 259. Mont∣morency's arguments against this alliance, ib. Is persuaded by the Guises to accept it, 260. Sends the Cardinal of Lorrain with powers to conclude it, ib. The Pope signs the treaty, 262. A truce for five years concluded with the Emperor, 271. Is exhorted by Cardinal Carraffa, to break the truce, 274. Is absolved from his oath, and concludes a new treaty with the Pope, 276. Sends the Duke of Guise into Italy, 287. The Constable Montmorency defeat∣ed and taken prisoner at St. Quintin, 292. Henry prepares for the defence of Paris, 293. St. Quintin taken by assault, 296. Collects his troops and nego∣ciates for assistance, 299. His kind reception of the Duke of Guise, 302. Calais taken by Guise, 304. Impowers Montmorency to negociate a peace with Phi∣lip, 313. Honours him highly on his return to France, 314. Writes to Queen Elizabeth, with proposals of marriage, 321. How he failed in his suit, 322. His daughter married to Philip, and his sister to the Duke of Savoy, 326. Terms of the treaty of Chateau Cambresis, 327. The marriage of his sister and daugh∣ter celebrated with great pomp, 328. His death, ib.
• Henry VII. of England, detains the

• Archduke Philip and his Dut∣ches when driven on his coast, three months, at the instigation of Ferdinand, I. 340.
• Henry VIII. of England, sends an ambassador to Germany to pro∣pose his claims to the Imperial crown, II. 17. Is discouraged from his pretensions, and takes no part with the other competi∣tors, ib. His personal character and political influence in Eu∣rope, 31. Entirely guided by Cardinal Wolsey, 33. Receives a visit from the Emperor Charles V. 35. Goes over to France to visit Francis, 36. Wrestles with Francis, and is thrown by him, ib. Note. Has another inter∣view with Charles at Gravelines, 37. Charles offers to submit his differences with Francis to his arbitration, ib. Publishes a trea∣tise on the seven sacraments, against Martin Luther, 78. Ob∣tains of the Pope the title of De∣fender of the Faith, ib. Takes part with Charles against Fran∣cis, 80. Sends Wolsey to ne∣gociate an accommodation be∣tween the Emperor and Francis, 87. Concludes a league with Charles against Francis, 88. His avowed reasons for this treaty, ib. His private motives, 89. Declares war against Francis, 98. Is visited by Charles, ib. Makes descents upon the coast of France, 99. Advances with an army into Picardy, ib. Oblig∣ed to retire by the Duke de Ven∣dome, 100. Enters into a treaty with the Emperor and Charles Duke of Bourbon, 134. How he raised supplies for his wars, beyond the grants of his parlia∣ment, 138. Sends the Duke of Suffolk to invade Picardy, who penetrates almost to Paris, but is driven back, 139. Engages to assist Charles in an invasion of Provence, 152. Causes of his not supporting the Imperialists, 153. Effects of the battle of Pavia, and captivity of Francis on him, 165. Particulars of his embassy to Charles, 166. Con∣cludes a defensive alliance with France, 171. Is declared pro∣tector of the league of Cognac against the Emperor, 194. His motives for assisting the Pope against the Emperor, 222. Enters into a league with Francis, and renounces the English claim to the crown of France, 223. De∣clares war against the Emperor, 229. Concludes a truce with the governess of the Low-Countries, 232. Projects his divorce from Catharine of Aragon, 242. Mo∣tives which withheld the Pope from granting it, 243. Ac∣quiesces in the peace of Cam∣bray, 244. Sends a supply of money to the Protestant league in Germany, 257. Procures his marriage to be annulled by Cran∣mer, archbishop of Canterbury, 265. The divorce reversed by the Pope under penalty of ex∣communication, 266. Renounces the papal supremacy, ib. Re∣fuses to acknowledge any coun∣cil called by the Pope, 279. Op∣poses James V. of Scotland mar∣rying Mary of Guise, 326. His disgusts with Francis and inter∣course with the Emperor, ib. Concludes a league with Charles, III. 9. Makes war with Scot∣land, ib. Particulars of his treaty with Charles, 10. Invades France and invests Boulogne, 28. Re∣fuses the Emperor's plan of ope∣rations, 31. Is deserted by the Emperor, 34. Takes Boulogne, ib. His haughty proposals to Francis, ib. Peace of Campe, 67. Is succeeded by his son Ed∣ward VI. 104. A review of his policy, 337.
• Hertford, Earl of, plunders and burns Edinburgh, III. 27. Joins Henry after, in his invasions of France, ib.
• Hesse, the Landgrave of, procures the restoration of his kinsman, Ulric Duke of Wurtemberg, II. 277. His views compared with those of the Elector of Saxony, III. 48. The Emperor's de∣ceitful professions to him, 55. Quiets the apprehensions of the Protestant league with regard to the Emperor, ib. Is appointed joint commander of the army of the league with the Elector of Saxony, 73. Their characters compared, ib. Urges an attack

• of the Emperor, but is opposed by the Elector, 76. His letter to Maurice Duke of Saxony, 82. The army of the league disperse, 85. Is reduced to accept harsh terms from Charles, 121. His hu∣miliating reception by the Em∣peror, 123. Is detained in con∣finement, 124. His offers of submission slighted by the Em∣peror, 144. Is carried by the Emperor with him into the Ne∣therlands, 147. Renews his en∣deavours for liberty, 163. Charles releases arbitrarily the Elector of Brandenburgh and Maurice, from their engagements to him, 164. Obtains his liberty by the treaty of Passau, 209. Is arrested by the Queen of Hungary, but freed by the Emperor, 194. The effects of his confinement on him, ib.
• Heuterus, his account of Lewis XII. shewn to contradict the re∣lations given by Bellay and other French historians of the educa∣tion of Charles V. I. 348, Note.
• Holy Junta. See Junta.
• Holy League, against the Emperor Charles V. formed at Cognac, under the protection of Henry VIII. of England, II. 193.
• Horuc, a potter's son of Lesbos, commences pirate, with his bro∣ther Hayraddin, II. 281. See Barbarossa.
• Hungary is divided by Solyman the Magnificent, and its King Lewis II. killed, II. 211. His successes, and the number of prisoners car∣ried away, 212. The archduke Ferdinand elected King of, to∣gether with Bohemia, ib. John Zapol Scaepius wrests it from Ferdinand, 363. Stephen suc∣ceeds on the death of his father John, 364. Is treacherously seized by Solyman, 366. See Isabella and Martinuzzi.

I

• James V. of Scotland, levies troops to assist Francis in Provence, but his intention frustrated, II. 326. His negociations for marriage with Francis's daughter, ib. Mar∣ries Mary of Guise, ib. Dies, and leaves Mary his infant daughter to succeed him, III. 9. See Mary.
• Jesuits, the order of, by whom founded, II. 84. Character of that order, ib. Character of Ig∣natio Loyola their founder, 347. The order confirmed by the Pope, 348. An examination in∣to the constitution of the order, ib. Office and power of their ge∣neral, 349. The rapid progress of the order, 351. Engage in trade, and establish an empire in South America, 353. B••d ten∣dency of the order, 355. Are responsible for most of the perni∣cious effects of Popery, since their institution, ib. Advan∣tages resulting from their insti∣tution, ib. Civilize the natives of Paraguay, 356. Their pre∣cautions for the independency of their empire there, 357. How the particulars of their govern∣ment and institution came to be disclosed, 358. Summary of their character, 359.
• Indulgences, in the Romish church, the doctrine of, explained, II. 39. By whom first invented, ib. Martin Luther preaches against them, 43. Writes against them to Albert Elector of Mentz, ib. A bull issued in favour of, 51. The sale of, op∣posed in Switzerland by Zuing∣lius, 52.
• Infantad••, Duke of, his haughty resentment of a casual blow on his horse, II. 335. Is protect∣ed by the constable of Castile, ib.
• Innocent, a young domestic of Car∣dinal di Monte, obtains his Car∣dinal's hat, on his election to the papacy, III. 153.
• Interim, a system of theology so called, prepared by order of the Emperor Charles V. for the use of Germany, III. 140. Is dis∣approved of, both by Protestants and Papists, 142.
• Investitures, usurpations of the Romish clergy in Germany, during the disputes between the Emperors and Popes, concern∣ing, II. 62.
• Joanna, daughter of Ferdinand, and mother of Charles V. visits Spain with her husband Philip Archduke of Austria, I. 332. Is slighted by her husband, 333.

• Her character, ib. Is abruptly left in Spain by her husband, 334. Sinks into melancholy on the occasion, and is delivered of her second son Ferdinand, ib. Her letter of consent to her father's regency of Castile, intercepted, and herself confined, 338. Made joint regent of Castile with Fer∣dinand and Philip by the treaty of Salamanca, 340. Sets out for Spain with Philip, are driven on the coast of England, and detained three months by Hen∣ry VII. ib. Acknowledged Queen by the Cortes, 341. Her tenderness to her husband in his sickness, and extraordinary at∣tachment to his body when dead, 342. Is incapable of go∣vernment, 343. Her son Charles assumes the crown, 354. The Cortes acknowledge her son King, with a reservation in her favour, II. 9. Her reception of Padilla the chief of the Spanish malecontents, 108. The Holy Junta removed to Tordesillas the place of her residence, ib. Relapses into her former melan∣choly, ib. The proceedings of the Holy Junta carried on in her name, 109. Is seized by the Conde de Haro, 116. Dies, af∣ter near fifty Years confinement, III. 266.
• John Zapol Scaepius, by the as∣sistance of Sultan Solyman esta∣blishes himself in the kingdom of Hungary, II. 364. Leaves the kingdom to his son Stephen, ib. See Hungary, Isabella, and Martinuzzi.
• Isabella, daughter of John II. of Castile, and wife of Ferdinand King of Aragon, her history, I. 332. Her concern at the Arch∣duke Philip's treatment of her daughter Joanna, 333. Her death and character, 335. Appoints Ferdinand regent of Castile un∣der restrictions, ib.
• Isabella, daughter to Sigismund King of Poland, married to John King of Hungary, II. 364. Her character, 365. Is treacherously carried with her infant son into Transylvania by Sultan Solyman, 366. The go∣vernment of this province and the education of her son com∣mitted to her jointly with Mar∣tinuzzi, III. 179. Is jealous of Martinuzzi's influence, and courts the Turks, 180. Is pre∣vailed on to resign Transylvania to Ferdinand, 181. Retires to Silesia, ib. Recovers posses∣sion of Transylvania, 214.
• Isabella of Portugal, married to the Emperor Charles V. II. 184.
• Italy, consequences of the league between Pope Leo X. and the Emperor Charles, V. to, II. 89. The characters of the Italians, Spaniards and French, contract∣ed, ib. State of, at the acces∣sion of Clement VII. to the pa∣pacy, 140. Views of the Italian states with respect to the Emperor and Francis on the expulsion of the French from Genoa, and the Milanese, 151. Their ap∣prehensions on the battle of Pa∣via and captivity of Francis, 167. The principal states, join in the Holy league against the Emperor, 193. Are disgusted at the tardiness of Francis, 198. A view of the Ghibeline faction, ib. Sentiments of the states of, on the peace of Cambray, 242. Is visited by the Emperor Charles, 244. The motives of his mo∣deration toward the states of, 245. A league among the states of, formed by Charles, 261. Placentia granted to Octavio Farnese by Philip II. of Spain, III. 299. The investiture of Siena given by Philip to Cosmo di Medici, 301. The conse∣quence of these grants, ib.
• Junta, Holy, a view of the confe∣deracy, in Spain, so termed, II. 107. The authority of Adrian disclaimed by, ib. Removed to Tordesillas where Queen Joanna resided, 109. Their proceed∣ings carried on in the name of Joanna, ib. Receives letters from Charles to lay down their arms, with promises of pardon, 110. Remonstrance of grievan∣ces drawn up by, ib. The par∣ticulars of this remonstrance, 111. Remarks on the spirit of it, 113. Are intimidated from presenting it to Charles, 114. Propose to deprive Charles of his royalty

• during the life of Joanna, ib. Take the field, 115. Character of their army, ib. The Queen seized by the Conde de Haro, 116. How they obtained money to support their army, 117. Lose time in negociating with the nobles, ••18. Propose to make their peace with Charles at the expence of the nobles, 119. Their irresolute conduct, 120. Their army defeated by Haro, and Padilla taken prisoner, ib. Padilla executed, 121. His let∣ters to his wife, and the city of Toledo, ib. The ruin of the confederacy, 123.
• Julius II. Pope, observations on the pontificate of, II. 59.
• Julius III. Pope, his character, III. 153. Bestows his Cardinal's hat infamously, ib. Is averse to the calling a council, 155. Summons one at Trent, ib. As∣serts his supreme authority pe∣remptorily in the bull for it, 162. Repents confirming Octa∣vio Farnese in Parma, 168. Re∣quires Octavio to relinquish his alliance with France, 170. The manner of his death, 246.

L

• La Chau, a Flemish gentleman, associated by Charles V. with Cardinal Ximenes in the regen∣cy of Castile, I. 360.
• Landre••y, siege of, by the Emperor Charles V. III. 13. Is aban∣doned by him, 14.
• Lannoy, mortgages the revenues of Naples to supply the exi∣gences of the Emperor, II. 156. Francis surrenders himself pri∣soner to him at the battle of Pavia, 162. His cautious dispo∣sal of him, 163. Delivers him up in pursuance of the treaty of Madrid, and receives the Duke of Orleans and the Dau∣phin, as hostages in exchange, 183. Is sent ambassador to Fran∣cis to require his fulfilment of the treaty of, 195. Concludes a treaty with the Pope, 204. Marches to join the Imperalists at Rome, where the troops re∣fuse to obey him, 224.
• Lanuza, Don John de, made Vice∣roy of Aragon, on the de∣parture of Charles V. for Ger∣many, II. 27. Composes the disturbances there, 127.
• Lavagna, John Lewis Miesco, Count of, his character, III. 92. Meditates subverting the government of Genoa, 93. His preparations, 94. His artful method of assembling his ad∣herents, 95. His exhortation to them, 96. His interview with his wife, 97. Sallies forth, ib. Andrew Doria escapes, 98. Deputies sent to know his terms, ib. Is drowned, ib. His bro∣ther's vanity ruins their design, 99. See Fiesco.
• Lautrec, Odet de Foix, marechal de, the French governor of Milan, his character, II. 90. Alienates the affections of the Milanese from the French, ib. Invests Reggio, but is repulsed by Guicciardini the historian, then governor, 91. Is excom∣municated by the Pope, ib. The money for paying his troops, seized by Louise of Savoy, 92. Is left by his Swiss troops, 93. Is driven out of the Milanese territories, 94. A new body of Swiss under him insist on giv∣ing battle to the Imperialists, who defeat him, 96. The Swiss leave him, 97. Retires into France with the residue of his troops, ib. Delivers up the Dauphin and Duke of Orleans, in exchange for Francis I. as hostages for the performance of the treaty of Madrid, 183. Is appointed generalissimo of the league against the Emperor, 224. His successes in Italy, 225. Motives which withheld him from subduing the Milanese, ib. Obliges the Prince of Orange to retire to Naples, 231. Blockades Naples, ib. His army wasted, and himself killed by the pestilence, 235.
• Learning, the revival of, favour∣able to the Reformation of re∣ligion, II. 70.
• Leipsic, a public disputation held there by Martin Luther, and Eccius, on the validity of the papal authority, II. 52.
• Leo X. Pope of Rome, his charac∣ter, II. 17. His apprehensions on the election of an Emperor

• of Germany at the death of Maximilian, ib. His counsel to the German Princes, 18. Grants Charles V. a tenth of all ecclesiastical benefices in Castile, 24. Lays Castile under an in∣terdict but takes it off, at the in∣stance of Charles, ib. His con∣duct on the prospect of war be∣tween Charles and Francis, 31. Situation of the papacy at his accession, and his views of poli∣cy, 39. His inattention to Mar∣tin Luther's controversy, with the Dominicans, concerning in∣dulgences, 46. Is instigated against him, and summons him to Rome, ib. Desires the Elec∣tor of Saxony not to protect him, ib. Is prevailed on to permit Luther's doctrines to be examin∣ed in Germany, 47. Cardinal Cajetan appointed to try him, ib. Issues a bull in favour of indulgences, 51. A suspension of proceedings against Luther, and why, 52. Publishes a bull of excommunication against him, 53. The political views of his conduct between Charles and Francis, 80. Concludes a treaty with Francis, 81. Concludes a treaty also with Charles, 82. The conditions of the treaty with Charles, ib. Its consequences to Italy, 89. Is disappointed in a scheme formed by Morone, chancellor of Milan, for attack∣ing that dutchy, 90. Excom∣municates Marechal de Foix for his attack of Reggio, and declares against France, 91. Takes a body of Swiss into pay, ib. The French driven out of the Mila∣nese, 93. He dies, 94. The spirit of the confederacy broken by his death, ib.
• L'Esparre, Foix de, commands the French troops in Navarre for Henry d'Albert, II. 84. Re∣duces that kingdom, ib. His imprudent progress into Castile, ib. Is taken prisoner by the Spa∣niards, and the French driven out of Navarre, 85.
• Leonard, father, forms a scheme of betraying Metz to the Imperi∣alists, III. 239. Introduces sol∣diers clad like friars, 240. Is detected, 241. Is murdered by his monks, 242.
• Levescue, Don, his account of the motives which induced the Em∣peror Charles V. to resign his hereditary dominions, III. 265, Note.
• Lewis II. King of Hungary and Bohemia, his character, II. 211. Is invaded and killed by Soly∣man the Magnificent, ib.
• Lewis XII. King of France, re∣ceives homage of the Archduke Philip, for the earldom of Flan∣ders, I. 333. Concludes a treaty with him while at war with Fer∣dinand of Aragon, 334. Be∣stows his niece Germaine de Foix, on Ferdinand, and con∣cludes a peace with him, 339. Loses the confidence of Philip on that occasion, 348, Note. Bestows his eldest daughter, al∣ready betrothed to Charles V. on account of Angouleme, ib.
• Leyva, Antonio de, defends Pavia for the Emperor against Francis, II. 157. His vigorous defence, ib. Sallies out at the battle of Pavia, and contributes to the defeat of Francis, 161. Is left governor of Milan by the Duke of Bour∣bon, 203. Defeats the forces there, 237. Is appointed gene∣ralissimo of the Italian league, 262. Directs the operations of the invasion of France, under the Emperor, 307. Dies, 312.
• Literature, its obligations to the order of Jesuits, II. 355.
• Lorenzo, di Medici. See Medici.
• Louise of Savoy, mother of Francis I. of France, her character, II. 92. Her motives for seizing the money appointed for payment of Marechal Lautrec's troops, ib. Cause of her aversion to the house of Bourbon, 132. Her advances towards a marriage with Charles Duke of Bourbon, rejected by him, 133. Deter∣mines to ruin him, ib. Instigates a law-suit against him, for his estates, ib. Goes to dissuade Francis from his intended inva∣sion of the Milanese, who will not wait for her, 154. Is ap∣pointed regent during his ab∣sence, 155. Her prudent con∣duct on the defeat of Pavia, and captivity of her son Francis, 164. Concludes a defensive alliance with Henry VIII. 171. Ratifies

• the treaty of Madrid for the re∣covery of her son's liberty, 182. Undertakes, with Margaret of Savoy, to accommodate the dif∣ferences between the Emperor and Francis, 240. Articles of the peace of Cambray, ib.
• Loyola, Ignatio, commands the castle of Pampeluna in Navarre, and is wounded in its defence, II. 84. His enthusiastic turn of mind, ib. The founder of the society of Jesuits, ib. Prevails on the Pope to establish the order, 347. An examination into the consti∣tution of the order, ib. Office and power of the general, 348. The rapid progress of the order, 351. See Jesuits.
• Lorrain, Cardinal of, persuades Henry II. of France, to accept the offered alliance with Pope Paul IV. and is sent to Rome to negociate it, III. 260. His im∣prudent behaviour toward the Dutchess of Valentinois, 313.
• Lunenburgh, Duke of, avows the opinions of Luther, II. 144.
• Luther, Martin, the happy conse∣quences of the opinions propa∣gated by him, II. 38. Attacks indulgences, 42. His birth and education, ib. Chosen philoso∣phical professor at the University of Wittemberg, ib. Inveighs against the publishers of indul∣gences, 43. Writes to Albert Elector of Mentz, against them, ib. Composes theses against in∣dulgences, ib. Is supported by the Augustinians and encourag∣ed by Frederick Elector of Sax∣ony, 44. Is summoned to Rome by Pope Leo, 46. Obtains of the Pope leave to have his doc∣trines examined in Germany, 47. Appears before Cardinal Caje∣tan at Augsburgh, ib. His re∣solute reply to the peremptory order of Cajetan to retract his principles, 48. Withdraws from Augsburgh, and appeals from the Pope ill-informed, to the Pope when better informed con∣cerning him, 49. Appeals to a general council, 50. The death of Maximilian, how of service to him, 51. Questions the papal au∣thority in a public disputation, 52. His opinions condemned by the Universities of Cologne and Louvain, ib. A bull of excommunication published a∣gainst him, 53. Pronounces the Pope to be Antichrist, and burns the bull, 54. Reflections on the conduct of the court of Rome toward him, 55. Reflections on his conduct, 56. Causes which contributed to favour his oppo∣sition to the church of Rome, 58. Particularly the art of printing, 70. And the revival of learn∣ing, ib. He is summoned to appear at the Diet of Worms, 75. A safe conduct granted him thither, ib. His reception there, 76. Refuses to retract his opinions, ib. Departs, ib. An edict published against him, ib. He is seized and concealed at Wartburgh, 77. Progress of his doctrines, ib. The Univer∣sity of Paris publishes a decree against him, 78. Wrote against by Henry VIII. of England, ib. Answers both, 79. Withdraws from his retreat to check the inconsiderate zeal of Carlosta∣dius, 143. Undertakes a trans∣lation of the Bible, ib. His doc∣trines avowed by several of the German Princes, 144. His mo∣derate and prudent conduct, 190. Marries Catharine a Boria, a nun, ib. The great progress of his doctrines among the Ger∣manic states, 248. Encourages the Protestants, dispirited by the Emperor's decree against him, 254. His concern at the prac∣tices of the Anabaptists at Mun∣ster, 274. Is invited to Leipsic by Henry Duke of Saxony, 332. His opinion of Gropper's trea∣tise to unite the Protestants and Catholics, 361. Dies, III. 51. Summary of his character, 52. Extract from his last will, 58, Note. See Protestants. A view of the extraordinary effects of his revolt from the church of Rome, on that court, and on Europe in general, 341.
• Luxemburgh, invaded by Robert de la Marck, Lord of Bouillon, II. 85. Invaded and over-run by the Duke of Orleans, III. 6. Is again invaded by Francis, 12.

M

• Madrid, treaty of, between the Em∣peror Charles V. and his pri∣soner Francis I. King of France, II. 180. Sentiments of the pub∣lic with regard to this treaty, 181.
• Magdeburgh, the city of, refuses to admit the Interim enforced by Charles V. and prepares for de∣fence, III. 161. Maurice Elector of Saxony appointed to reduce it, 162. Is put under the ban of the empire, 173. The territo∣ries of, invaded by George of Mecklenburgh, ib. The inha∣bitants defeated in a sally, ib. Maurice of Saxony arrives and besieges the city, 174. Surrenders, 175. The senate elects Mau∣rice their Burgrave, 176.
• Mahmed, King of Tunis, history of his sons, II. 283.
• Majorca, an insurrection there, II. 127. Which is quelled with dif∣ficulty, ib. The moderation of Charles toward the insurgents, on his arrival in Spain, 128.
• Majesty, the appellation of, assum∣ed by Charles V. on his election, to the Imperial crown, and taken by all the other Monarchs of Europe, II. 23.
• Malines, council of, an account of, II. 337.
• Malta, the island of, granted by the Emperor Charles V. to the knights of St. John, expelled from Rhodes by the Turks II. 101.
• Mamalukes, extirpated by Sultan Selim II. II. 14.
• Mammelukes, a faction in Geneva, so termed, some account of, II. 299.
• Manuel, Don John, Ferdinand's ambassador at the Imperial court, pays his court to the Archduke Philip on Queen Isabella's death, I. 337. Intercepts Joanna's letter of consent to Ferdinand's regen∣cy of Castile, 338. Negociates a treaty between Ferdinand and Philip, 339. Declares for Maxi∣milian's regency on Philip's death, 344. Is made Imperial ambassador at Rome, and con∣cludes an alliance between Charles V. and Leo X. II. 82. The conditions of the treaty, ib. Procures Adrian of Utrecht to be elected Pope, 95.
• Marcellus II. Pope, his character, III. 253. Dies, 254.
• Marciano, battle of, between Peter Strozzi and the Marquis de Ma∣rignano, III. 234.
• Margaret of Austria, and Dow∣ager of Savoy, aunt to Charles V. undertakes with Louise, mo∣ther of Francis I. of France, to accommodate the differences be∣tween those two Monarchs, II. 240. Articles of the peace of Cambray, ib.
• Marignano, Marquis of, appointed commander of the Florentine army, acting against the French, III. 232. Defeats the French army under Peter Strozzi, 234. Lays siege to Siena, ib. Converts the siege into a blockade, 235. Siena surrenders, 236. Reduces Porto Ercole, 237. His troops ordered into Piedmont by the Emperor, 238.
• Marck, Robert de la, Lord of Bou∣illon, declares war against the Emperor Charles V. II. 85. Ra∣vages Luxemburgh, with French troops, ib. Is commanded to disband his troops by Francis, 86. His territories reduced by the Emperor, ib.
• Marseilles, besieged by the Impe∣rialists, II. 153. Rescued by Francis, ib. Interview and treaty there between the Pope and Francis, 264.
• Martinuzzi, bishop of Waradin, is appointed guardian to Stephen, King of Hungary, II. 365. His character, ib. Solicits the as∣sistance of Sultan Solyman against Ferdinand, ib. Solyman seizes the kingdom, 366. Is appointed to the government of Transyl∣vania and the education of the young King, jointly with the Queen, III. 179. Negociates with Ferdinand, 180. Prevails on the Queen to resign Transylvania to Ferdinand, 181. Is appointed governor of Transylvania, and made a Cardinal, 182. Is assas∣sinated by Ferdinand's order, 183.
• Martyr, Peter, his authority cited in proof of the extortions of the Flemish ministers of Charles V. II. 9.
• Mary of Burgundy, contracted to Lewis XII. of France, but mar∣ried to the Emperor Maximilian, I. 331.
• ...

• Mary of England, her accession, III. 221. Receives proposals from the Emperor Charles V. of marrying his son Philip, 222. The English averse to this uni∣on, ib. The house of commons remonstrates against the match, 223. The articles of marriage, ib. The marriage ratified by parliament, and completed, 225. Re-establishes the Romish reli∣gion, ib. Persecutes the Re∣formers, 226. Invites Charles to England on his resignation and passage to Spain, which he declines, 282. Is engaged by Philip to assist him in his war against France, 289. Levies mo∣ney by her prerogative to carry on the war, ib. Her neglect in the security of Calais, 303. Calais invested and taken by the Duke of Guise, 304. Dies, 321.
• Mary, daughter of James V. of Scotland, succeeds to the crown an infant, III. 9. Is contracted to the Dauphin of France, 135. Is educated at the court of France, 170, 308. The marriage completed, ib. Assumes the title and arms of England on the death of Mary, 323.
• Matthias, John, a baker, becomes a leader of the Anabaptists, at Munster, II. 269. Seizes the city and establishes a new form of government there, 270. Re∣pulses the bishop of Munster, 271. Is killed, ib. See Bocold and Anabaptists.
• Maurice, Duke of Saxony, his mo∣tives for not acceding to the Protestant league of Smalkalde, III. 16. Marches to the assist∣ance of Ferdinand in Hungary, ib. His difference with his uncle the Elector, ib. His conduct at the Diet of Worms, 40. Joins the Emperor against the Protes∣tants, 69. His motives, 79. His insidious conduct toward the Elector, 80. Seizes the electo∣rate of Saxony, 84. Saxony re∣covered by the Elector, 88. His ineffectual endeavours to reduce Wittemberg for the Emperor, 115. Obtains possession of the electorate 119. Is formally invested at the Diet of Augsburgh, 141. Becomes dis∣satisfied with the Emperor, 156. His motives to discontent ex∣plained, 157. His address and caution in his conduct, 158. En∣forces the Interim in his terri∣tories, 159. Makes, neverthe∣less professions of his attachment to the Reformation, 160. Un∣dertakes to reduce Magdeburgh to submit to the Interim, ib. Pro∣tests against the council of Trent, ib. Is commissioned by the Emperor to reduce Magde∣burgh, 162. Joins George of Mecklenburgh before Magde∣burgh, 174. The city capi∣tulates, 175. Begins to intrigue with Count Mansfeldt, ib. Is elected Burgrave of Magde∣burgh, 176. Dismisses his troops 177. His address in amusing the Emperor, 178. Makes an alliance with Henry II. of France, to make war on the Emperor, 184. Makes a for∣mal requisition of the Land∣grave's liberty, 186. Joins his troops, and publishes a mani∣festo, 191. Takes possession of Augsburgh and other cities, 192. An ineffectual negociation with Charles, 193. Defeats a body of the Emperor's troops, 195. Takes the castle of Ehren∣burgh, ib. Is retarded by a mutiny in his troops. 196. En∣ters Inspruck, and narrowly misses taking Charles, ib. A negociation between him and Ferdinand, 202. Besieges Frank∣fort on the Maine, 206. His in∣ducements to an accommodation, 208. Signs a treaty, with the Emperor at Passau, 209. Re∣flections on his conduct in this war, 210. Marches into Hun∣gary to oppose the Turks, 193. Is placed at the head of the league against Albert of Bran∣denburgh, 208. Defeats Al∣bert, but is killed in the battle, 209. His character, ib. Is suc∣ceeded by his brother Augustus, 201.
• Maximilian, Emperor of Germany, claims the regency of Castile on his son Philip's death, I. 343. Is supported in his claim by Don John Manuel, 344. Loses it, 346. Obtains the government of the Low-Countries by the

• death of Philip, 348. Appoints William de Croy, Lord of Chievres, to superintend the edu∣cation of his grandson Charles, ib. Concludes a peace with France and Venice, II. 4. Dies, 8. State of Europe at this period, ib. His endeavours to secure the Imperial crown to his grandson Charles, 15. How obstructed, ib.
• Mecklenburgh, George of, invades the territories of Magdeburgh for the Emperor, III. 173. De∣feats the Magdeburghers, who sally out on him, ib. Is join∣ed by Maurice of Saxony, who assumes the supreme command, ib.
• Medicino, John James. See Marig∣nano.
• Medici, Alexander restored to the to the dominions of Florence, by the Emperor Charles, II. 247. Is assassinated, 323.
• Medici, Cardinal de, elected Pope, and assumes the title of Clement VII. II. 137. See Clement VII.
• Medici, Catharine di, is married to the Duke of Orleans, II. 264. Is conjectured, by the Emperor Charles V. to have poisoned the Dauphin, 315.
• Medici, Cosmo de, made Duke of Florence, II. 324. Is supported by the Emperor, and defeats the partizans of Lorenzo, 325. Asserts his independency, against the Emperor, III. 203. Offers to reduce Siena for the Emperor, 231. Enters into a war with France, ib. See Marignano. His address in procuring the in∣vestiture of Siena from Philip II. of Spain, 299. It is granted to him, 301.
• Medici, Lorenzo de, assassinates his kinsman Alexander, II. 323. Flies, 324. Attempts to op∣pose Cosmo, but is defeated, 325.
• Medina del Campo, the inhabitants of, refuse to let Fonseca take the military stores there, for the siege of the insurgents in Segovia, II. 105. The town al∣most burnt by Fonseca, ib. The inhabitans repulse him, ib. Sur∣renders after the battle of Villa∣lar, and dissolution of the Holy Junta, 122.
• Melancthon, imbibes the opinion of Martin Luther, II. 55. Is employed to draw up a confes∣sion of faith by the Protestant Princes at the Diet of Augs∣burgh, 252. Is dejected by the Emperor's decree against the Protestants, but comforted by Luther, 253. Is invited to Paris by Francis, 294. His conference with Eccius, 360. Is prevailed on to favour the Interim enforced by the Em∣peror, III. 159.
• Melito, Conde de, made viceroy of Valencia, on the departure of Charles V. for Germany, II. 28. Appointed to command the troops of the nobles against the Germanda, 126. Defeated by them in several actions, ib. Destroys the association, ib.
• Mentz, Archbishop of, artfully declares before the Emperor, the Diet of Augsburgh's ac∣ceptance of the Interim, without being authorized by it, III. 140.
• Merveille, a Milanese gentleman employed as envoy from Francis I. to Francis Sforza, Duke of Milan, his fate, II. 293.
• Metz, seized by Montmorency the French general, III. 194. The Duke of Guise made governor of, 196. Is besieged by the Emperor, 199. The Emperor desists and retires in a distressed condition, 202. A scheme formed by father Leonard to betray the city to the Imperalists, 239. The conspiracy detected by the governor, 241. Leonard murdered by his monks, and his associates executed, 242.
• Mezieres, in France besieged by the Imperialists, II. 86. Gallant defence of, by the Chevalier Bayard, ib. The siege raised, 87.
• Milan, Marechal de Foix, appoint∣ed to be the French governor of, II. 90. His character, ib. The Milanese alienated from the French by his oppressions, ib. Invaded by the ecclesiastical troops under Prosper Colonna, 91. The French driven out, ib. Oppressed by the Impe∣rial troops, 130. Invaded by the French, ib. Who are driven

• out by Colonna, 136. The Im∣perial troops there mutiny for pay, but are appeased by Morone, 141. Abandoned by the French, ib. Over-run again by Francis, who seizes the city, 155. The French retire on news of the battle of Pavia, 163. The investiture of, granted to Sfo••za, 172. Taken from him and granted to the Duke of Bourbon, 178. Disorders com∣mitted by the Imperial troops there, 193. Oppressive measures of Bourbon to supply his mu∣tinious troops, 201. The French forces there defeated by Anto∣nio de Leyva, 237. Is again granted by the Emperor to Sfor∣za, 246. Death of Sforza, 301. The pretensions of Francis to that dutchy, ib. Is seized by the Emperor, ib. The Marquis del Guasto appointed governor, 313.
• Mohacz, battle of, between Soly∣man the Magnificent, and the Hungarians, II. 211.
• Monastic orders, enquiry into the fundamental principles of, II. 348. Peculiar constitution of the order of Jesuits, ib.
• Moncada, Don Hugo di, the Im∣perial ambassador at Rome, his intrigues with Cardinal Colon∣na against Pope Clement II. 199. Reduces the Pope to an accom∣modation, 200. Is defeated and killed by Andrew Doria, in a naval engagement before the harbour of Naples, 232.
• Monluc, is sent by the Count d'Enguien to Francis for per∣mission to give battle to the Marquis de Guasto, III. 24. Obtains his suit by his spirited arguments, ib. Commands in Siena, when besieged by the Marquis de Marignano, III. 235. His vigorous defence, ib. Is reduced by famine, and capitulates, 236.
• Monte Alcino, numbers of the citizens of Siena retire thither after the reduction of that city by the Florentines, and esta∣blish a free government there, III. 237.
• Monte cuculi, Count of, accused and tortured for poisoning the Dau∣phin, charges the Emperor with instigating it, II. 314.
• Montmorency, Marechal, his charac∣ter, II. 309. Francis adopts his plan for resisting the Emperor, and commits the execution to him, ib. His precautions, ib. His troops dispise his conduct, 312. Observations on his opera∣tions, 313. Is disgraced, III. 5. Conducts the army of Henry II. to join Maurice of Saxony, and seizes Metz, 194. Dissuades Henry from accepting the offer∣ed alliance with Pope Paul IV. 259. Commands the French army against the Duke of Savoy, 291. Detaches D'Andelot to relieve St. Quintin, ib. Exposes himself imprudently, to an action, and is defeated, 292. Is taken prisoner, 293. Negociates a peace between Philip and Henry, 314. Returns to France, and is high∣ly honoured by Henry, ib. His assiduity in forwarding the nego∣ciations, 324. His expedient for promoting the treaty of Chateau Cambresis, 326.
• Montpe••ier, a fruitless conference held there for the restitution of the kingdom of Navarre, II. 11.
• Morone, Jerome, chancellor of Milan, his character, II. 90. Retires from the French exac∣tions in Milan to Francis Sforza, ib. His intrigues how rendered abortive, ib. Quiets the mutiny of the Imperial troops in Milan, II. 141. Is disgusted with the behaviour of Charles, 171. In∣trigues against the Emperor with Pescara, 173. Is betrayed to the Emperor by Pescara, 175. Is arrested at his visit to Pescara, ib. Is set at liberty by the Duke of Bourbon, and becomes his confident, 201.
• Mouson in France, taken by the Imperialists, II. 86. Retaken by Francis, ib.
• Mulhausen, battle of, between the Emperor Charles V. and the Elector of Saxony, III. 113.
• Muley Hascen, King of Tunis, his inhuman treatment of his father and brothers, II. 283. Is expelled by Barbarossa, 285. Engages the Emperor Charles V. to re∣store him, ib. Is established

• again by the surrender of Tunis, ib. His treaty with Charles, 290.
• Muncer, Thomas, a disciple of Luther, opposes him with fana∣tical notions, II. 187. Heads the insurrection of the peasants in Thuringia, 188. His extrava∣gant schemes, ib. Is defeated and put to death, 190.
• Munster, the first settlement of the Anabaptists in that city, II. 269. The city seized by them, 270. They establish a new form of government there, ib. Is called Mount Sion, 271. The Bishop of, repulsed by them, ib. Is blockaded by the Bishop, 274. The city taken, 276. See Ana∣baptisis.
• Murder, the prices of composition for, by the Romish clergy, II. 61.
• Mustapha, the declared heir to Sultan Solyman the Magnificent, is invested with the administra∣tion of Diarbequir, III. 216. His father rendered jealous of his popularity, by the arts of Roxalana, 217. Is strangled by his father's order, 220. His only son murdered, 221.

N

• Naples, the revenues of, mort∣gaged by Lannoy to supply the Emperor in his exigencies, II. 156. Invaded by the French under the Duke of Albany, 159. Invaded by Pope Clement VII. 197. Treaty between the Pope and Lannoy viceroy of, 204. The Prince of Orange retreats thither before Lautrec, 231. Is blockaded by Lautrec, ib. Sea engage∣ment in the harbour of, between Andrew Doria and Moncada, ib. Causes which disappointed the French operations against, 232. Doria revolts, and opens the communication by sea again, 234. Oppressed by the Spanish viceroy Don Pedro de Toledo, becomes disaffected to the Em∣peror Charles V. III. 204. Is harrassed by a Turkish fleet, 205.
• Nassau, Count of, invades Bouil∣lon at the head of the Imperia∣lists, II. 86. Invades France, takes Manson, and besieges Me∣zieres, but is repulsed, ib.
• Navarre, the kingdom of, unjust∣ly acquired by Ferdinand of Aragon, I. 346. D'Albert's in∣vasion of, defeated by Cardinal Ximenes, II. 1. Its castles dis∣mantled except Pampeluna, which Ximenes strengthens, 2. Invaded by Francis I. in the name of Henry D'Albert, 8••. Reduced by L'Esparre, the French general, 84. The French driven out by the Spaniards, and L'Esparre taken prisoner, 85.
• Netherlands the government of, first assumed by Charles V. I. 350 The Flemings averse to Charles's going to Spain, II. 5. Invaded by Francis, I. King of France, 85. A truce concluded with, by Henry VIII. of Eng∣land, 233. Invaded by Francis again, 316. A suspension of arms there, 317. An insurrec∣tion at Ghent, 336. See Ghent. Is once more invaded by Fran∣cis, III. 12. Resigned by the Emperor to his son Philip, 267. A review of the alterations in, during the sixteenth century, 349.
• Nice, a truce for ten years con∣cluded there between the Em∣peror and Francis, II. 321. Be∣sieged by the French and Turks, III. 14.
• Noyen, treaty of, between Charles V. and Francis I. of France, II. 5. The terms of, neglected by Charles, 30.
• Nuremburgh, the city of, embraces the Reformed religion, II. 144. Diet of, particulars of Pope Adrian's brief to, respecting the Reformers, 145. The reply to, ib. Proposes a general council, 146. Presents a list of grievances to the Pope, ib. The recess, or edict of, 147. This Diet of great advantage to the Re∣formers, ib. Proceedings of a second Diet there, 149. Recess of the Diet, ib. An accom∣modation agreed to there, be∣tween the Emperor Charles V. and the Protestants, 258.

O.

• Oran, and other places in Bar∣bary annexed to the crown of Castile, by Ximenes, I. 346.
• ...

• ... Orange, Phillibert de Chalons, Prince of, general of the Impe∣rial army on the death of the Duke of Bourbon, takes the castle of St. Angelo, and Pope Clement VII. prisoner, II. 210. Retires to Naples on the ap∣proach of Lautrec, 231. Takes his successor the Marquis de Saluces, prisoner at Aversa, 235.
• Orleans, Duke of, delivered up to the Emperor Charles V. with the Dauphin, as hostages for the performance of the treaty of Madrid, H. 183. Is married to Catharine di Medici, 264. Be∣comes Dauphin by the death of his brother, 315. See Dauphin.
• Orleans, Duke of, brother to the former, commands the army appointed by Francis I. for the invasion of Luxemburgh, III. 6. Is prompted by envy to abandon his conquests, and join his brother the Dauphin in Rou∣sillon, ib. Dies, 42.

P

• Pacheco, Donna Maria, wife to Don John de Padillo, her artful scheme to raise money to supply the army of the Holy Junta, II. 172. Her husband taken pri∣soner and executed, 121. His letter to her, ib. Raises forces to revenge his death, 123. Is reduced and retires to Portugal, 124.
• Padilla, Don John de, his family and character, II. 103. Heads the insurrection at Toledo, ib. Routs the troops under Ron∣quillo, 104. Calls a convention of the malecontents at Avila, 107. Forms the confederacy called the Holy Junta, ib. Dis∣claims Adrian's authority, ib. Gets possession of Queen Joanna, 108. Removes the Holy Junta to Tordesillas, the place of her residence, ib. Sent with troops to Valladolid, and deprives Adrian of all power of go∣vernment, 109. Is superseded in the command of the ar∣my of the Junta, by Don Pedro de Giron, 115. Is ap∣pointed commander at the re∣signation of Giron, 117. His army supplied with money by an expedient of his wife, ib. Be∣sieges Torrelobaton, 119. Takes and plunders it, ib. Concludes a truce with the nobles, ib. Is wounded and taken prisoner in an action with the Conde de Haro, 121. Is put to death, ib. His letter to his wife, ib. His letter to the city of Toledo, 122.
• Palatinate, the Reformation esta∣blished there by the Elector Frederick, III. 45.
• Pallatine, Count, ambassador from the Diet at Frankfort, brings Charles V. the offer of the Im∣perial crown, which he accepts, II. 24.
• Pampeluna, castle of, in Navarre, its fortifications strengthened by Cardinal Ximenes, II. 2. Taken by L'Espar••e the French gene∣ral for Henry, D'Albert, 84. Retaken by the Spaniards, 85.
• Papacy, how liable, to be affect∣ed by the disposal of the Impe∣rial crown, II. 17.
• Paraguay, a sovereignty establish∣ed there, by the order of Jesuits, II. 353. The inhabitants of civilized by them, 356. Pre∣cautions used by the Jesuits, to preserve the independency of their empire there, 357.
• Paris, a decree published by the university of, against Martin Luther, the Reformer, II. 78. A decree of the parliament of, published against the Emperor Charles V. 315.
• Parma, the dutchy of, confirmed to Octavio Farnese, by Pope Julius III. III. 168. Is attack∣ed by the Imperialists and suc∣cessfully protected by the French, 170.
• Passau, a treaty concluded there between the Emperor Charles V. and Maurice of Saxony, III. 209. Reflections on this peace, and the conduct of Maurice, 210.
• Pavia, besieged by Francis I. of France, II. 156. Vigorously de∣fended by Antonio de Leyva, 157. Battle of, between Fran∣cis and the Duke of Bourbon, 161. The Imperial troops in that city mutiny, 168.
• Paul III. Pope, elected, II. 266. His character, 267. Proposes a

• general council to be held at Mantua, 279. Negociates per∣sonally between the Emperor and Francis, 320. Issues a bull for a council at Mantua, 328. Prorogues and transfers it to Vicenza, 329. A partial Re∣formation of abuses by, ib Sum∣mons the council of Trent, III. ib. Prorogues it, 18. Sum∣mons it again, 37. Grants the dutchies of Parma and Placentia to his illegitimate son, 43. De∣prives and excommunicates the electoral Bishop of Cologne, 57. Presses the Emperor to declare against the Protestants, ib. Con∣cludes an alliance with him against the Protestants, 62. In∣discreetly publishes this treaty, 64. His troops join the Em∣peror, 74. Recals them, 89. Removes the council from Trent to Bologna, 132. Re∣fuses the Emperor's request to carry the council back to Trent, ib. His resentment against the Emperor for the murder of his son Cardinal Farnese, 135. Is peti∣tioned by the Diet of Augsburgh for the return of the council to Trent, 136. Eludes the com∣plying with this request, 137. His sentiments of the Interim published by Charles, 142, Dis∣misses the council of Bologna, 147. Annexes Parma and Pla∣centia to the Holy See, 151. Dies, ib. The manner of his death inquired into, ib.
• Paul IV. Pope, elected, III. 254. His character and history, 255. Founds the order of Theatines, ib. Is the principal occasion of establishing the inquisition in the papal territories, 256. Lays aside his austerity on his election, ib. His partiality to his nephews, ib. Is alienated from the Em∣peror by his nephews, 255. Makes overtures to an alliance with France, 259. Is enraged by the recess of the Diet of Augsburgh, 261. Signs a treaty with France, 262. Is included in the truce for five years, con∣cluded between the Emperor and Henry, 272. His insidious arti∣fices to defeat this truce, 273. Absolves Henry from his oath, and concludes a new treaty with him, 276. His violent proceed∣ings against Philip now King of Spain, 285. The Campagna Romana seized by the Duke d'Alva, 278. Concludes a truce with Alva, 279. Contrast be∣tween his conduct and that of Charles, 284. Renews his hostili∣ties against Philip, 285. Is un∣provided for military operations, 287. Is reduced to make peace with Philip, by the recal of the Duke of Guise after the defeat of St. Quintin, 298. Receives an ambassador from the Em∣peror Ferdinand to notify his election, but refuses to see him or to acknowledge the Emperor, 306. Dies, 328.
• Paulin, a French officer, sent ambassador from Francis I. to Sultan Solyman, III. 11. His successful negociations at the Porte, ib.
• Pembroke, Earl of, sent by Queen Mary of England with a body of men to join the Spanish army in the Low-Countries, 289.
• Perpig••an, the capital of Roussil∣lon besieged by the Dauphin of France, III. 6. The siege raised, 7.
• Pescara, Marquis de, takes Milan by assault, II. 94. Drives Bon∣nivet back to France, 141. His generous care of the Chevalier Bayard, ib. Commands in the invasion of Provence, 152. Be∣sieges Marseilles, ib. His army retires towards Italy, on the appearance of the French troops, 153. Resigns Milan to the French, 155. Prevails on his Spanish troops, not to murmur at present for their pay, 156. Contributes to the defeat of Fran∣cis at the battle of Pavia, 161. Is disgusted at Francis being taken to Spain without his con∣currence, 172. His resentment inflamed by Morone, 173. Be∣trays Morone's designs to the Emperor, 174. Arrests Morone, 175. Dies, 178.
• Philip, Archduke of Austria, and father of Charles V. visits Spain, with his wife Joanna, I. 332. Does homage by the way to Lewis XII. of France for the

• earldom of Flanders, ib. His title to the crown acknowledged by the Cortes, 333. Is disgust∣ed with the formality of the ••••mish court, ib. Ferdinand 〈…〉〈…〉 jealous of his power, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••••ts his wife, ib. His 〈◊〉〈◊〉 departure from Spain, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 P••sses through France, and enters into a treaty with Lewis, 3••4 His sentiments on Ferdi∣nand's obtaining the regency of Castile, 337. Requires Ferdi∣nand, to retire to Aragon, and resigns his regency of Castile, ib. The regency of Castile vested jointly in him. Ferdinand and Jo∣anna, by the treaty of Salaman∣ca, 340. Sets out for Spain and is driven on the coast of England, where he is detained three months by Henry VII. ib. Ar∣rives at Corunna, ib. The Cas∣tilian nobility declare openly for him, ib. Ferdinand resigns the regency of Castile to him, 341. Interview between them, ib. Acknowledged King of Castile by the Cortes, ib. Dies, 342. Jo∣anna's extraordinary conduct in regard to his body, ib. See Joanna.
• Phili••, Prince, son to the Emperor Charles V. his right of succes∣sion recognized by the Cortes of Aragon and Valencia, III. 7. Is acknowledged by the states of the Netherlands, 148. His de∣portment disgusts the Flemings, 149. His character, 167. Is married to Mary Queen of England, 225. The English parliament jealous of him, 227. His father resigns his hereditary dominions to him, 263. Is cal∣led by his father out of England, 267. The ceremony of investing him, ib. His father's address to him, ib. Commissions Car∣dinal Granville to address the assembly in his name, 269. Mary Queen Dowager of Hun∣gary resigns her regency, ib. The dominions of Spain resign∣ed to him, 270. His unpolite∣ness to the French ambassador Colligni, 272, Note. The Pope's violent proceedings against him, 276. His scruples concerning commencing hostilities against the Pope, 277. His ungrateful neglect, in paying his father's pension, 283. The Pope renews hostilities against him, 285. Assembles an army in the Low-Countries against France, 288. Goes over to England to en∣gage that kingdom in the war, 289. Visits the camp at St. Quintin, after the victory, 294. Opposes the scheme of penetrat∣ing to Paris, and orders the siege of St. Quintin to be prose∣cuted, 295. St. Quintin taken by assault, 296. The small ad∣vantages he reaped by these successes, 297. Builds the Es∣c••••ial in memory of the battle of St. Quintin, ib. Concludes a peace with the Pope, 298. Restores Placentia to Octavio Farnese, 299. Grants the in∣vestiture of Siena to Cosmo di Medici, 301. Enters into ne∣gociations for peace with his prisoner Montmorency, 314. Death of Queen Mary, 321. Addresses her successor Elisa∣beth for marriage, 322. Elisa∣beth's motives for rejecting him, 323. Her evasive answer to him, ib. Supplants his son Don Carlos and marries Henry's daughter Elisabeth, 326. Ar∣ticles of the treaty of Chateau Cambresis, 327.
• Phillibert, Emanuel, Duke of Savoy. See Savoy.
• Phillipino, nephew to Andrew Doria, defeats Moncada, in a sea engagement before the har∣bour of Naples, II. 232.
• Piadena, Marquis de, invades Transylvania for Ferdinand, III. 180. Misrepresents Cardinal Martinuzzi to Ferdinand, and obtains a commission to assassi∣nate him, 183. Is forced to abandon Transylvania, 214.
• Picardy, invaded by Henry VIII. II. 99. Henry forced by the Duke de Vendome to retire, 100. Invaded again under the Duke of Suffolk. 139. Who penetrates almost to Paris but is driven back, ib. Ineffectual invasion by the Imperialists, 314.
• Placentia, the dutchy of, granted together with that of Parma by Pope Paul III. to his natural

• son, Cardinal Farnese, III. 43. Farnese, assassinated there, 133. Is taken possession of by the Im∣perial troops, 134. Restored to Octavio Farnese, by Philip II. of Spain, 299.
• Pole, Cardinal, arrives in England with a legantine commission, III. 226. Endeavours to mediate a peace between the Emperor and the King of France, without success, 243. Is recalled from the court of England, by Pope Paul IV. 285.
• Printing, its effects on the progress of the Reformation, II. ••0.
• Prague, its privileges abridged by Ferdinand King of Bohemia, III. 130.
• Protestants, the derivation of the name, II. 250. Of whom they originally consisted, ib. A se∣vere decree published against them by the Emperor, 253. They enter into a league, 254. See Smalkalde. Renew their league, and apply to Francis King of France, and Henry VIII. of England, for protection, ib. Are secretly encouraged by Francis, 256. Receive a supply of money from Henry, 257. Terms of the pacification a∣greed to between them and the Emperor at Nuremburgh, 258. Assist the Emperor against the Turks, 259. Their negocia∣tions with the Pope, relative to a general council, 261. Re∣new the league of Smalkalde for ten years, 279. The motives for refusing to assist the King of France against the Emperor, 296. Refuse to acknowledge the council summoned by the Pope at Mantua, 328. A con∣ference between their principal divines and a deputation of Catholics, at Ratisbon, 360. This conference how rendered fruitless, 362. Obtain a private grant from Charles in their fa∣vour, 363. Drive the Duke of Brunswick from his dominions, III. 19. All rigorous edicts against them suspended by a recess at the Diet of Spires, 21. Their remonstrances to Ferdi∣nand at the Diet of Wor••s. 38. Their inflexible, adherence to the recess of Spires, 39. Dis∣claim all connection with the council of Trent, ib. Are strengthened by the accession of Frederick Elector Palatine, 44. Are alarmed at the proceedings of the Emperor, 47, 61. The Emperor leagues with the Pope against them, 62. Prepare to resist the Emperor, 65. Levy an army, ib. The operations of the army distracted by the joint commanders, 72. The army dispersed, 85. The Elec∣tor of Saxony reduced, 114. The Landgrave deceived by treaty and confined, 125. The Em∣peror••s cruel treatment of them, 127. The Interim, a system of theology recommended by the Emperor, to the Diet at Augs∣burgh, 140. Are promised pro∣tection by the Emperor at the council of Trent, 162. The Emperor proceeds ri∣gorously against them, 172. Their deputies obtain a safe-conduct from the Emperor, but are refused by the council, 178. Maurice of Saxony raises an army in their cause, 191. See Maurice. Treaty of Passau, 209. The Protestant Princes again unite to strengthen the Pro∣testant interest, 247. Recess of the Diet of Augsburgh on the subject of religion, 249. Why originally averse to the prin∣ciples of toleration, 252.
• Provence, is laid waste by the Marechal Montmorency on the approach of the Emperor Charles V. II. 310. Is entered by the Emperor, ib. The disastrous retreat of the Emperor from, 312.
• Prussia, when conquered by the Te••tonic order, II. 191. Is erected into a dutchy, and final∣ly into a kingdom, and enjoyed by the house of Brandenburgh, 192.

R

• Ratisbon, a conference between a deputation of Protestants and Catholic divines before the Em∣peror and Diet there, II. 360. This conference how rendered fruitless, 361. A Diet opened there by the Emperor, III. 59.

• The Catholic members of, assert the authority of the council of Trent, 60. The Protestants pre∣sent a memorial against it, 61. The Protestant deputies retire, 62.
• Reformation, in religion, the rise of, explaned, II. 38. The Diet at Worms, called by Charles V. to check the progress of it, ib. Account of Martin Luther, the Reformer, 42. Beginning of it in Switzerland by Zuingli∣us, 52. State of in Germany, at the arrival of Charles V. 54. Reflection on the conduct of the court of Rome toward Luther, 55. And on Luther's conduct, ib. Inquiry into the causes which contributed to the pro∣gress of, 58. Observations on the pontificate of Alexander VI. and Julius II. 59. The im∣moral lives of the Romish cler∣gy, ib. The progress of, fa∣voured by the invention of printing, 70. And the revival of learning, ib. The great progress of, in Germany, 144. Advantages derived to, from the Diet at Nuremburgh, 147. Its tendency in favour of civil liber∣ty, 187. The dissensions be∣tween the Emperor and the Pope, favourable to, 213. The great spread of, among the Ger∣man Princes, 248. The con∣fession of Augsburgh drawn up by Melancton, 251. Causes which led to that of England, 265. The excesses it gave rise to, 268. See Protestants, Mau∣rice, and Smalkalde. Is establish∣ed in Saxony, 331. The great alteration occasioned by, in the court of Rome, III. 341. Con∣tributed to improve both the morals and learning of the Romish church, 345.
• Reggio, invested by the French, who are repulsed by the gover∣nor Guicciardini the historian, II. 90.
• Remonstrance of grievances drawn up by the Holy Junta, the par∣ticulars of, II. 110. Remarks on, 113.
• Reverse, a deed so called, signed by the Archduke Ferdinand on being elected King of Bohemia, II. 212.
• Rheggio, plundered and burnt by Barbarossa, III. 14.
• Rhodes, the island of, besieged by Solyman the Magnificent, II. 100. Taken by him, 101. The island of Malta granted to the knights of, by the Emperor Charles V. ib.
• Richlieu, Cardinal, his remarks on De Retz's history of Fiesco's conspiracy, III. 100, Note.
• Rincon, the French ambassador at the Porte, the motives of his return to France, III. 2. Is murdered in his journey back to Constantinople, by order of the Imperial governor of the Milanese, 3.
• Rome, reflections on the conduct of the court of, respecting the proceedings against Martin Lu∣ther, II. 55. The exorbitant wealth of the church of, pre∣vious to the Reformation, 62. Venality of, 68. How it drain∣ed other countries of their wealth, ib. The city seized by Cardinal Colonna, and Pope Clement VII. besieged in the castle of St. Angelo, 199. The city taken by the Imperialists, and Bourbon killed, 208. Is plundered, 209. The great revolution in the court of, dur∣ing the sixteenth century, III. 340. How affected by the re∣volt of Luther, 341. The spi∣rit of its government, changed by, 343.
• Ronquillo, sent by Cardinal Adri∣an with troops to suppress the insurrection in Segovia, II. 104. Is routed by them, ib.
• Rovere, Francesco, Maria de, re∣stored to his dutchy of Urbino, by Pope Adrian, II. 129.
• Roxalana, a Russian captive be∣comes the favourite mistress of Sultan Solyman the Magnificent, III. 214. Her only daughter married to Rustan the Grand Vizier, 215. Procures herself to be declared a free woman by the Sultan, 216. Is formally married to him, ib. Renders Solyman jealous of the virtues of his son Mustapha, 217. Mus∣tapha strangled, 220.
• Rustan, Grand Vizier to Solyman the Magnificent, is married to his

• daughter by Roxalana, III. 215. Enters into Roxalana's scheme to ruin Solyman's son Mustapha, ib. Is sent with an army to destroy him, 218. Draws Soly∣man to the army by false re∣ports, 219.

S

• Salamanca, treaty of, between Ferdinand of Aragon, and his son-in-law Philip, I. 340.
• Salerno, Prince of, heads the dis∣affected Neapolitans against the oppressions of the viceroy Don Pedro de Toledo, III. 205. Solicits aid from Henry II. of France, who instigates the Turks to invade Naples, ib.
• Saluces, Marquis de, succeeds Lau∣trec in the command of the French army before Naples, II. 235. Retires to Aversa, where he is taken prisoner by the Prince of Orange, ib. Betrays his charge in Piedmont, 308.
• Sancerre, Count de, defends St. Disier, against the Emperor Charles, III. 27, Is deceived into a surrender by the Cardinal Granville, 29.
• Sauvage, a Fleming, made chan∣cellor of Castile by Charles, on the death of Ximenes, II. 9. His extortions, ib.
• Savona, is fortified, and its har∣bour cleared by the French to favour its rivalship with Genoa, II. 233.
• Savoy, a view of the state of, dur∣ing the sixteenth century, III. 349.
• Savoy, Charles Duke of, marries Beatrix of Portugal, sister to the Emperor Charles V. II. 297. The cause of Francis's displea∣sure against him, ib. His ter∣ritories over-run by the French troops, 298. Geneva recovers its liberty, ib. His situation by the truce at Nice, between the Em∣peror and Francis, 321. Is be∣sieged at Nice, by the French and Turks, III. 1.
• Savoy, Emanuel Phillibert Duke of, appointed by Philip of Spain to command his army in the Low-Countries, 290. Invests St. Quintin, ib. Defeats D'An∣delot in an endeavour to join the garrison, 291. But does not hinder him from entering the town, 292. Defeats the Constable Montmorency, and takes him prisoner, 293. Is graciously visited in the camp by Philip, 294. Takes St. Quintin by assault, 296. Assists Montmorency in negociating peace between Philip and Hen∣ry, 314. Marries Henry's sister Margaret, 326, 328.
• Saxony, Elector of, appointed joint commander of the army of the Protestant league, with the Landgrave of Hesse, III. 73. Their characters compared, ib. Opposes the Landgrave's inten∣tion of giving battle to the Em∣peror, 76. His Electorate seized by Maurice, 83. The army of the league disperse, 85. Re∣covers Saxony, 88. Is amused by Maurice with a negociation, 89. Raises an army to defend himself against the Emperor, 109. Is irresolute in his mea∣sures, 110. Charles passes the Elbe, 111. Is attacked by the Imperialists, 113. Is taken pri∣soner and harshly received by the Emperor, 114. Is con∣demned to death by a court-martial, 117. His resolution on the occasion, ib. Is induced by regard to his family to surren∣der his electorate, 118. Re∣fuses the Emperor's desire of his approving the Interim, 143. The rigour of his confinement increased, 144. Is carried by the Emperor with him into the Netherlands, 147. Is released by the Emperor on Maurice taking arms against him, but chooses to continue with the Emperor, 197. Obtains his li∣berty after the treaty of Passau, 194.
• Saxony, George, Duke of, an ene∣my to the Reformation, II. 331. His death an advantage to the Reformation, ib. The Protes∣tant religion established by Hen∣ry Duke of, 332. Henry is suc∣ceeded by his son Maurice, III. 16. His motives for not acced∣ing to the league of Smalkalde, ib. Marches to the assistance of Ferdinand in Hungary, ib. Join•• the Emperor against the Pro∣testant,

• 69, 80. See Maurice.
• Schertel, Sebastian, a commander in the army of the Protestant league, his vigorous commence∣ment of hostilities, III. 72. Is injudiciously recalled, 73. Is ex∣pelled from Augsburgh on the dispersion of the Protestant army, 86.
• Scotland, James V. of, married to Mary of Guise, Dutchess-Dow∣ager of Longueville, II. 326. Death of James and accession of his infant daughter Mary, III. 9. Mary contracted, to the Dau∣phin of France, 135. The mar∣riage celebrated, 308. Mary assumes the title and arms of England on the death of Mary of England, 323. Included in the treaty of Chateau Cambresis, 326. Alteration in the conduct of England toward, 339.
• Sects in religion, reflections on the origin of, II. 268.
• Segovia, an insurrection there, on account of their representative Tordesillas voting for the dona∣tive to Charles V. II. 103. He is killed by the populace, ib. The insurgents there defeat Ronquil∣lo, sent to suppress them by Car∣dinal Adrian, 104. Surrenders after the battle of Villalar, 222.
• Selim II. Sultan, extirpates the Mamalukes, and adds Egypt and Syria to his empire, II. 14. Con∣sidered as formidable to the Eu∣ropean powers, ib.
• Sforza obtains of Charles V. the investiture of Milan, II. 172. Forfeits the dutchy, by his in∣trigues with Morone, 175. Joins in a league against Charles for the recovery of Milan, 193. Is forced to surrender Milan to the Imperialists, 197. Obtains again of the Emperor the investiture of Milan, 246, Enters into a private treaty with Francis, 293. Merveille Francis's envoy exe∣cuted for murder, ib. Dies, 300.
• Siena, the inhabitants of, implore the assistance of the Emperor Charles V. to defend them a∣gainst their nobles, III. 203. The Imperial troops endeavour to enslave them, ib. Regain possession of their city, 205, Re∣pulse an attack of the Germans, 213. Is besieged by the Mar∣quis de Marignano, 234. The commander Monluc repulses the assaults vigorously, ib. The town reduced by famine, 236. Numbers of the citizens retire, and establish a free govenment at Monte Alcino, ib. There∣maining citizens oppressed, ib. And flock to Monte Alcino, ib. Is granted by the Emperor to his son Philip, 237. The in∣vestiture given by Philip to Cosmo di Medici, ib.
• Sieverhausen, battle of, between Maurice of Saxony, and Albert of Brandenburgh, III. 208.
• Sion, Cardinal of, his scheme for weakening the French army in the Milanese, II. 93. Leaves the Imperial army to attend the con∣clave on the death of Leo X. 94.
• Smalkalde, the Protestants enter in∣to a league there, for their mu∣tual support, II. 254. The league renewed at a second meeting there, 256. The league of, re∣newed for ten years, 279. A ma∣nifesto, refusing to acknowledge a council called by the Pope, 329. The King of Denmark joins the league, 330. The Princes of, protest against the authority of the Imperial cham∣ber, and the recess of the Diet of Nuremburgh, III. 19. Publish a manifesto against the proceed∣ings of the council of Trent, 46. Are alarmed at the proceedings of the Emperor, 47. A want of unity among the members, 49. The views of the Elector of Sax∣ony, and the Landgrave, ex∣plained, ib. Appear at the Diet of Ratisbon by deputies, 59. Their deputies protest against the council of Trent, 60. Their deputies alarmed at the Empe∣ror's proceedings and declara∣tions, leave the Diet, 61. The Emperor leagues with the Pope against them, 62. Prepare to resist the Emperor, 65. Are dis∣appointed in their application to the Venetians and Swiss, 66. As also with Henry VIII. and Francis, 67. Assemble a large army, 68. Are put under the ban of the empire, 70, Declare war against the Emperor, 72.

• Hostilities begun by Schertel, ib. They recal him, 73. The Elec∣tor of Saxony and Landgrave of Hesse appointed joint com∣manders of their army, ib. The characters of the two comman∣ders compared, ib. Their ope∣rations distracted by this joint command, 74. Cannonade the Emperor's camp, 76. Make overtures of peace to the Empe∣ror, 85. Their army disperse, ib. The Elector of Saxony reduced, 114. The Landgrave deceived and confined, 124. Their warlike stores seized by the Emperor, 127. See Maurice.
• Solyman the Magnificent, ascends the Ottoman throne, II. 37. In∣vades Hungary, and takes Bel∣grade, 100. Takes the island of Rhodes, ib. Defeats the Hun∣garians at Mohacz, 211. His successes, and the number of pri∣soners he carried away, 212. Be∣sieges Vienna, 246. Enters Hun∣gary again with, a vast army, but is forced to retire by the Emperor Charles, 258. Takes Barbarossa the pirate under his protection, 282. Concludes an alliance with Francis King of France, 318. Prepares to in∣vade Naples, ib. Protects Ste∣phen King of Hungary, and de∣feats Ferdinand, 366. Seizes Hungary for himself, ib. Over∣runs Hungary again, in fulfil∣ment of his treaty with Francis, III. 14. Concludes a truce with the Emperor, 58. Loses Tran∣sylvania, 181. Ravages the coasts of Italy, 205. Carries a mighty army into Hungary, 206. Re-establishes Isabella and her son in Transylvania, 214. His violent attachment to his concubine Roxalana, ib. Is prevailed on to declare her a free woman, 215. Formally mar∣ries her, 216. Is rendered jea∣lous of the virtues of his son Mus∣tapha, by the arts of Roxalana, 217. Orders him to be strangled, 220. Orders the murder of Mustapha's son, 221.
• Spain, the state of, at the death of Ferdinand of Aragon, I. 350. Charles King of, aspires to the Imperial crown on the death of Maximilian, II. 18. Is elected Emperor, 21. Reflections of the Spaniards on that event, 23. Charles appoints viceroys, and departs for Germany, 27. In∣surrections there, 102. A view of the feudal system in, 106. An account of the confederacy, termed the Holy Junta, 107. Causes which prevented an union, of the malecontents in the respective provinces, 127. The moderation of Charles to∣ward them on his arrival, 128. Instance of the haughty spirit of the grandees, 335. Is in∣vaded by the Dauphin, III. 6. The dominions of, resigned by Charles to his son Philip, 270. The arrival of Charles, and his reception there, 282. The place of his retreat described, 283. The regal power in, how enlarged by Charles, 332. The foreign acquisitions added to, 333. See Aragon, Castile, Ga∣licia, Valencia, Cortes, Germana∣da, and Holy Junta.
• Spires, Diet of, its proceedings re∣lative to the Reformation, II. 249, Another Diet at, III. 19. Recess of, in favour of the Pro∣testants, 21.
• Spiritual censures of the Romish church, the dreadful effects of, II. 65.
• St. Disier, in Champagne, invested by the Emperor, III. 27. Is obtained by the artifice of Cardinal Granville, 29.
• St. Justus, monastery of, in Pla∣zencia, is chosen by the Em∣peror Charles V. for his retreat after his resignation, III. 283. Its situation described, 284. His apartments, ib.
• St. Quintin, invested by the Spanish troops, and defended by admiral Coligni, III. 290. D'Andelot defeated in an en∣deavour to join the garrison, 292. But enters the town, ib. Montmorency defeated by the Duke of Savoy, 293. The town taken by assault, 296.
• Strozzi, Peter, some account of, III. 233. Is intrusted with the command of the French army in Italy, 234. Is defeated by the Marquis de Marignano, ib.
• ...

• Suabia, an insurrection of the peasants against the nobles there, II. 185. They publish a me∣morial of their grievances, 186. The insurgents dispersed, ib. The Protestant religion sup∣pressed there by the Emperor Charles V. III. 172.
• Suffolk, Duke of, invades Picardy, penetrates almost to Paris, but is driven back, II. 139.
• Sur••ey, Earl of, created high ad∣miral to the Emperor Charles V. II. 99. Obliged to retire out of Picardy by the Duke de Vendome, 100.
• Sweden, a summary view of the revolutions in, during the six∣teenth century, III. 350.
• Switzerland, the cantons of, es∣pouse the pretensions of Charles V. to the Imperial crown, II. 16. Commencement of the Re∣formation there by Zuinglius, 52. The regulation under which they hire out their troops, 92. The precipitate battle, insisted on by their troops under Lau∣trec, lost, 96.
• Syria, how and by whom added to the Ottoman empire, II. 14.

T

• Termes, Marechal de, governor of Calais, takes Dunkirk by storm, III. 309. Engages the Count of Egmont, and is de∣feated by the accidental arrival of an English squadron on the coast, 310. Is taken prisoner, ib.
• Terrouane, taken and demolished by the Emperor Charles V. III. 211.
• Tetzel, a Dominican friar, his shameful conduct in the sale of indulgences in Germany, II. 41. His form of absolution, and recommendation of the vir∣tues of indulgences in Germa∣ny, ib, Note. His debauched course of life, ib. Publishes theses against Luther, 44.
• Teutonic order, a character of, II. 191. Conquer the province of Prussia, ib. Their grand mas∣ter Albert made Duke of Prus∣sia, 192.
• Theatines, the order of, by whom founded, III. 255.
• Thionville, in Luxemburgh, taken by the Duke of Guise, III. 309.
• Thuringia, an insurrection of the peasants there, against the no∣bility, II. 187. The fanatical notions inspired in them by Thomas Muncer, 188. Their disorderly army defeated, 189.
• Toledo, insurrection in, at the de∣parture of Charles V. for Ger∣many, II. 28, 102. The ca∣thedral of, stripped of its riches to support the army of the Holy Junta, 117. Padilla,s letter to, at his execution, 122. Is in∣stigated to continue in arms by Padilla's wife, 123. Is reduced, 124.
• Toledo, Ludovico de, nephew to Cosmo di Medici sent by his uncle to negociate with Philip II. of Spain for the investiture of Siena, III. 300.
• Toledo, Don Pedro de, viceroy of of Naples, oppressed the Neapo∣litans, III. 205. And occasions the Turks to ravage the coasts of Naples, ib.
• Toleration, reflections on the pro∣gress of, in Germany, III. 249. Why mutually allowed among the antient Heathens, 250. How the primitive Christians became averse to, ib.
• Tomorri, Paul, a Franciscan monk, Archbishop of Golooza, is made general of the Hungarian army against Solyman the Magnifi∣cent and is defeated by him, II. 211.
• Tordesillas, the residence of Queen Joanna, the confederacy of male-contents, called the Holy Junta, removed thither, II. 109. The Queen taken there by the Conde de Haro, 116.
• Tordesillas, one of the representa∣tives of Segovia, killed by the populace for voting the dona∣tive to Charles V. at the Cortes assembled in Galicia, II. 103.
• Transylvania, is surrendered to Ferdinand King of the Romans, by Queen Isabella, III. 181.
• Tremouille, La, drives the English, under the Duke of Suffolk, out of Picardy, II. 139.
• Trent, the council of, summoned, III. 18. Prorogued, ib. Again summoned, 37. Is opened, 45. Declares the apocryphal scriptures canonical, 56. Esta∣blishes

• the authority of the church traditions, ib. The coun∣cil, on rumours of an infection in the city, is translated to Bolog∣na, 132. Henry II. of France pro∣tests against the council, 171. The council breaks up on the approach of Maurice of Saxony, 198. Historical remarks on this council, ib. Characters of its historians, 199.
• Trent, Cardinal of, sent by the Emperor Charles V. to conclude an alliance with the Pope, III. 61. The nature of this treaty, 62.
• Tuais, the means of its coming under the power of Barbarossa, traced, II. 283. The Emperor and other Christian powers unite to expel Barbarossa, and restore Muley Hascen, 285. Is taken by the Emperor, 289. Muley Hascen restored, and his treaty with Charles, 290.
• Tuscany, a review of the state of, during the sixteenth century, III. 348.

V

• Valencia, an insurrection in, II. 24. The people there greatly oppressed by the nobles, 25. The nobles refuse to assemble the Cortes except the King is present, ib. Charles authorizes the people to continue in arms, ib. They expel the nobles, ib. Associate under the Germanada, and appoint their own magis∣trates, ib. Don Diego de Men∣doza, Conde Melito, appointed regent, on the departure of Charles for Germany, 27. The Germanada refuse to lay down their arms, 125. Defeat the nobles in several actions, 126. Are at length routed by the Conde de Melito, ib. The moderation of Charles toward the insurgents on his arrival, 128.
• Valentinois, dutchess of. See Diana of Poi••iers.
• Valladolid, the first public entry of Charles V. to that city, II. 8. The inhabitants rise, burn Fonseca's house, and fortify the town, II. 105. Surrenders af¦ter the battle of Villalar, and dissolution of the Holy Junta, 122.
• Vaucel'es, treaty of, between Charles V. and Henry II. of France, III. 271.
• Vendome, Duke of, his plan of operations in opposing the pro∣gress of the invasion of Picardy by Henry VIII. II. 100. Obli∣ges him to retire, ib.
• Venice, the republic of, incline in favour of the pretensionn of Francis I. of France, to the Imperial crown, II. 16. Their views and apprehensions on the approaching rupture between the Emperor Charles V. and Fran∣cis, 31. Leagues with the Emperor against Francis, 131. A final accommodation between, and the Emperor, 246. Re∣fuses to enter into the league of the Italian states, formed by the Emperor, 262. A review of the state of that republic during the sixteenth century, III. 347.
• Verrina, the confident of the Count of Lavagna, encourages him in his scheme of overturning the government of Genoa, III 93. Is protected by Francis on the ruin of that conspiracy, 105.
• Vielleville, the French governor of Metz, detects father Leo∣nard's conspiracy, to betray the city, to the Imperialists, III. 241. Executes the conspirators, 242.
• Vienna, is besieged by Sultan So∣lyman the Magnificent, H. 246.
• Villalar, battle of between Padilla, and the Conde de Haro, II. 120.
• Villena, Marquis de, his spirited reply to the request of the Em∣peror to lodge Bourbon in his palace, II. 178.
• Ulm, the government of that city violently altered, and its reform∣ed ministers carried away in chains, by the Emperor Charles V. III. 146.
• United Provinces of the Nether∣lands, a brief view of their re∣volt against the dominion of Spain, III. 349.
• Urbino, restored by Pope Adrian to Francesco, Maria de Rovere, II. 129.

W

• Wallo••, Sir John, joins the Em∣peror Charles V. at the siege of Landrecy, with a body of Eng∣lish troops, III. 13.
• War, the method of carrying on in Europe, how improved at this period from the practice of earlier ages, II. 138. General reflections on the vicissitudes of, III, 329.
• Wartburgh, Martin Luther con∣cealed there by the Elector of Saxony, II. 77.
• Went••worth, Lord, governor of Calais, remonstrates in vain with the English privy council to provide for its security, III. 304. Is attacked by the Duke of Guise, and forced to capitulate, 305.
• Wittemberg, invested by the Em∣peror Charles V. and defended by Sybilla of Cleves, wise to the Elector of Saxony, III. 115.
• Wolsey, Cardinal, his rise, charac∣ter, and influence over Henry VIII of England, II. 33. Re∣ceives a pension from Francis I. of France, 34. And from the Emperor Charles V. ib. De∣tached from the French interest by the latter, 35. Inclines Hen∣ry to join the Emperor against Francis, 80. Sent by Henry to Calais, to negociate an ac∣commodation between the Em∣peror and Francis, 87. Has an interview with Charles at Bruges, and concludes a league with him on the part of Henry, against France, 88. Meditates revenge against Charles on his second disappointment of the papacy by the election of Cle∣ment VII. 138. Obtains of Clement a legantine commission in England for life, ib. Nego∣ciates a league with Francis against the Emperor, 222.
• Worms, a Diet called there by Charles V. to check the progress of the Reformers, II. 38. Pro∣ceedings of, 74. Martin Lu∣ther cited before it, ib. Re∣fuses to retract his opinions, 76. An edict published against him, ib. Diet at, opened, III. 37.
• Wurtemberg, Ulric Duke of, why expelled his dominions, II. 277. Recovers his dominions by the assistance of Francis King of France, and receives the Pro∣testant religion, ib.
• Wyat, Sir Thomas, raises an in∣surrection in Kent against Queen Mary of England, on account of the Spanish match, III. 224. Is subdued and punished, 225.

X

• Ximenes, archbishop of Toledo, ad∣heres to Ferdinand of Aragon, in his dispute with the Arch∣duke Philip concerning the regency of Castile, I. 338. Es∣po••••es Ferdinand's claim to the regency of Castile on Phi∣lip's death, 345. Conquers Oran, and other places in Barbary, for the crown of Castile, 346. Appointed re∣gent of Castile, by Ferdinand's will, until the arrival of Charles V. in Spain, 351. His rise and character, ib. Admits the claim to the regency of car∣dinal Adrian, sent with that commission by Charles, and executes it jointly with him, 353. Takes the infant Don Ferdinand to Madrid under his own eye, ib. Procures Charles, who assumed the regal title, to be acknowledged by the Castilian nobility, 355. Schemes to extend the regal prerogative, ib. Depresses the nobility, 356. Frees the King from the feudal limitations, and establishes a regal army to check the barons, 357. Sup∣presses a mutiny headed by the grandees, ib. Resumes the grants of Ferdinand to his nobles, 358. His prudent ap∣plication of the revenue, ib. His bold assertion of his au∣thority to the discontented nobles, 359. Other associates in the regency appointed at the instigation of the Flemish courtiers, 360. Retains the superior management, ib. De∣feats John D'Albert's invasion of Navarre, II. 1. Dismantles all the castles there, except Pam∣peluna, which he strengthens, 2. The troops sent by him against Barbarossa, defeated, and his equanimity on that

• occasion, ib. Alarmed at the corruption of the Flemish court, he persuades Charles to visit Spain, 3. Falls sick on his journey to meet Charles at his arrival, 6. His letter of counsel to Charles, 7. Requests an interview, ib. The ingratitude of Charles to him, ib. His death, ib. His charac∣ter, 8. Reverence paid to his memory by the Spaniards, ib.

Z

• Zamora, Bishop of, raises a re∣giment of priests to defend Tordesillas, for the Holy Jun∣ta, which is forced by the Conde de Haro, II. 116.
• Zuinglius, attacks the sale of in∣dulgences at Zurich in Swit∣zerland, II. 52.

END OF THE INDEX TO THE AGE OF CHARLES V.