A Letter to Doctor Zabdiel Boylston; occasion'd by a late dissertation concerning inoculation, printed at Boston. [Three lines in Latin from Lucan]

TO Doctor Zabdiel Boylston.

Dear Sir,

_SO great is your Practice both in Town and Country, and such is your Care and Tho't of your Pa|tients, that I believe you have hard|ly any time to Read D—s' Disser|tation of the Inoculation of the Small-Pox: You will therefore take it not amiss, if I save you the labour of reading that injudicious Piece, by giving you this Evening some Stric|tures upon it.

IT surprized me to find one, who is reputed a Scholar, and values himself upon a Degree which he little deserves, committing several manifest Grammatical Blunders in a Sheet or two: And yet if he had reserved them all for the Dissertation, I should have forgiven them; but I can by no means excuse any one in a De|dication: Methinks he might, in honour to his Degree and Character, have afforded good Mr. JEKYLL his Patron good sense for a Quarter of a Sheet without any Error at all; but it

seems he has not; whether it proceeded from an unhappy Ignorance, or a noble Negligence one may easily conjecture: To speak in Medical Terms, says he, Integrity seems to be in the Con|stitution of your Family. He may call you a Quack, if he pleases; but I am sure he is a Blunderbuss to make the Constitution of Mr. JE|KYL's Family Medical Terms. And by the way, here, he seems to me to be as much out in point of Decency, as ••n Grammar: For I cannot but think it a great, invidious and inexcusable Neg|lect in him, when he mentions Mr. JEKYL's Family and its Constitution, and applauds his Uncle, to overlook his Reverend Father, who was an Eminent Clergyman, and as I have been inform'd from undoubted Authorities, was highly esteemed for his Probity, Integrity and many more Virtues.

THERE are one or two considerable Errors more of his in the Dedication, and diverse gross ones in the Dissertation; but I shall not stay to expose them; lest You, and others, should think I regard his Words more than his Meaning and his Sounds rather than his Sense.

BEFORE I come to what immediately relates to the Controversy concerning Inoculation; I must inform You, that our Author says in his Dedi|cation, With out Passion or Prejudice — I shall impartially relate the History, &c. But, notwith|standing this good Promise, in his Book he shews his old Passion & Prejudice against You, & your excellent Friend the late Doctor MATHER.

IN pag. 10. he says, he can seldome have recourse to your Accounts; I expected his Reason would

be, because they were scarce here when he wrote his Dissertation; but his Reason is, because (as he says) of their being so jejune, lame, suspected, and only in the nature of a Quack Bill. If this be a good Reason; many, and I in particular, can seldom have recourse to his insipid Pamplet: For many things are jejune and lame in it, I suspect several things, and I verily believe any Quack in Christendom would, with the Assist|ance he has had, produce as good a Perfor|mance. And as for your part, you need not regard his Character of your Account of Inocu|lation here, when it has been approved by Dr. JURIN the late Secretary of the Royal Society, and many other Persons of Learning and Fi|gure; and when (notwithstanding he calls your Dedication of it to the Princess of WALES assuming) it met with a kinder Reception from her Royal Highness, and a more favourable Entertainment from all the wise and impartial, than his Dissertation ever ought to or will have a|mong Men of Understanding, or his Dedication from his Patron. And so much concerning your Book.

AS to you your self he tells us, that when your Business ran low here, you went for LON|DON, and expected under the Character of an ex|perienced Inoculator, a profitable Encouragement there, but was entirely disappointed, pag. 7. This is an idle surmise, and great Untruth of his; for you went not to LONDON under that Cha|racter he tells of; nor, as you have informed me, would you inoculate there; tho' you were often pressed and encouraged to it.

BUT he is not content with a rude Usage of

you in his Dissertation; He must also tell his Patron, that you are a Man of no Literature and habitual Rashness. I must confess, that I took upon you to be as well acquainted with your Business as the Graduated Doctor: You seem, from what I can learn, as well as he, to un|derstand the Theory of Diseases; and as to the Curing of them, I believe every Practitioner in Physick at BOSTON will give you the Preference. Nor do I think any of them will blame you for the habitual Rashness, which he charges you with, so much as they do and will him for his actual Rashness in many Instances, but especial|ly with Regard to his Excellency our late Gover|nour.— Nec te, improbe, Saltem—Terruit Exempl•• Phaeton. I have now done with you, Doctor, but not with D—s; nor shall I, on his Account, leave off my Letter this good while.

D—s has but few words and spiteful of Dr. MATHER; but it had been better for him to have said nothing at all than to traduce and lessen the Character of that great Man: He might well think every good Man would con|temn every disgraceful word given out concerning that Pious & Learned Gentleman, & at the same time abhor the Person who speaks or writes it.

I shall not dwell on his saying the Doctor had TIMONIUS' and PYLARINUS's Accounts sur|reptiously, which is a paltry word, and has an ill sound. What does the Blade mean by it? Would he make us believe the Doctor Stole the Book from some-body he lent it to, that so he might have the Honour of the new fangled Noti|tion, p. 2. Yes, so his words plainly import:

But such an Insinuation, (besides the weakness he betrays in it; inasmuch as he (imagining the aforesaid Accounts, published to the World to be his private Property) supposes no one, but he, had any Right to know the Purport of them) it conveys also in it a notorious Falsity; and therefore tends to the Disgrace of the Accuser, and is no Disparagement to the Deceased.—When the Doctor was alive, he tho't it a Praise and an Honour to be Dishonour|ed and insulted by such Miscreants as D—s: and if he be maletreated now by such, it is still a Glory to him.

BUT I can by no means put up his 8th page: In that he says, The best of men have some Foible, and that of Dr. MATHER's was Credulity. How natural is it to retort here, that the worst of men have many Foibles; and those of Dr. D—s seem to be Incredulity, Malice and Ill-nature. But suppose one should deny Credulity to be the Doctor's Foible; the Instances he has bro't to prove it, in the aforesaid Page, will never do it: For several of the Matters of Fact there|in are indisputably true, as there are many in BOSTON who can testify. D—s indeed says, that allowing such bold Assertions without disproving them, would be leading Mankind into a Snare. Why then did not he, first of all, disprove 'em, and then advise Mankind, as thoughtless Birds, to avoid the Snare? Surely he was unwise that he did not at large demonstrate, that when Dr. MATHER said he never knew Blistering miss of saving Life in the Small Pox, &c. He did know that it had missed, He mistook or He lied. If

he had done so in this particular, and so in the rest, he would have disproved all the Doctor's Assertions in his Letters to the Royal Society. But after all, (if those Stories or Accounts were Mistakes,) they were undoubtedly the real Sen|timents of the Doctor; (as well as many o|thers;) and for D—s to treat his Communicati|ons (which men of the greatest Characters a|broad receiv'd with Deference and Respect) with such Insolence and Rudeness, it proves him unworthy the Nation from which he boasts Original, and undeserving of any Esteem or Practice in the American Regions.

I shall not run into any long Animadversions on Dr. BRADY of Portsmouth, for saying (as D—s quotes him, p. 7.) What wretched work the Gen|tleman (h. e. Dr. MATHER) makes in his Ac|counts? It was ridiculous in him to say so, unless he knew and could prove (which he could not) his Accounts to be wretched; and it was wretched Folly in D—s to produce his Scrible for nothing; unless indeed it might sooth him in his Misfortune, of being the Doctors Ene|my and Accuser, to find one (as there now and then has happen'd such an one) who has de|tracted from the Doctor as well as he. But I shall not insist here.

NOR shall I add any thing further in Favour of the Doctor, but that I would have D—s know, if his Credulity was ever so great in other things; he was not so credulous as to believe him endued with Learning or Wit, with Vertue or Honour, with Civility or Manners; and I find a considerable part of the Town in this of the same Opinion with the Doctor.

I said, I would add nothing further; but I cannot help subjoining, that if D—s, or any o|ther of the same rash and illjudging Constitution (he will forgive the Medical Terms) with him, shall dare to attack the Name and Reputation of the Doctor, he and they shall know, there are some who will always rise in his Defence to their Confusion.

AND now for Inoculation! Without any fo|reign and useless Remarks, which would swell my Letter to a Volumn, let us come to the Merits of the Cause.

AND here, at the same Time that I am flush'd with Joy to find how frankly D—s owns that Dr. MEAD, Sir HANS SLOANE & PITCAIRN his Coun|tryman, all celebrated Physicians, countenanced and favoured the Practice; (tho' by the way this looks as if they had Credulity as well as Dr. MATHER) I am fill'd with sorrow that I have not one of those Gentlemen's Books by me, nor any one of the other Treatises, out of which D—s has selected Passages; so that I cannot tell whether he has quoted them exactly or no: For my part my Credulity shall run so far as to allow it.

GRANTING then that all his Quotations are just and fair; let us Examine the several Heads he has offer'd, under which he has collected the Histories of Facts, as he calls them, from Dr. NETTLETON, Mr. MAITLAND and others.

1. FROM NETTLETON and MAITLAND he says and shows, that some receive not the Distemper at all. And what then? Some receive not the Distemper at all in the natural Way, when they are surrounded on every side with it: Perhaps

there may be no proper Pabulum in their Bodies for it to prey on. Why then should this be accounted an Objection against Inoculation? For how is it likely or possible that it should take Effect, when the Fluids are not in a Capacity to receive it? But granting they were, and allowing that the Operation had no such Effect as to procure the Distemper; still those who are Inoculated are not a whit the worse for it: Nay, I have Reason to think some have fared the better for it. The Reverend Mr. W— now living at Roxbury, on whom it did not take place, (as D—s beautifully translates a Passage in PYLARINUS) has enjoyed his Health since he was inoculated much better than before; and he as|cribes it, in part, to his Incisions.

2. HE remarks, from his Author Mr. MAIT|LAND that some had only Eruptive Fevers: I suppose, he means resulting from Inoculation, or he has no meaning at all. But who will be disswaded from Inoculation if there really were two or three such Instances? Pray, Doctor BOYLSTON, when you see D—s ask him, Whe|ther these Eruptive Fevers are the natural and genuine Effect of Inoculation, or whether (to use a word or two of his) they arise only from some accidental Contagition? If he says the former, you can easily prove the contrary by numerous witnesses and incontestible: For who among your inoculated Patients has had this eruptive Fever? Be so kind as to tell him or me, if any one has. But if he says the latter, it had been better for him to have laid aside his di|abetical Pen, than permit its Dropping to so lit|tle Purpose.

3. HE takes notice from Dr. NETTLETON, that others from Inoculation have the Small-Pox to so small a Degree as to admit of Doubt. Dr. NETTLETON may say, that in three of his Patients the Eruptions were so imperfect as to leave him in Doubt: But then, as I remember, he some|where observes, that his Doubts were dissipated at their Recovery; for then they went any where, regardless of the Contagion and invulne|rable: And if others fare in the same Manner, where will be the Disadvantage to Inoculation or those who receive it? Sure I am this looks ra|ther as a Proof and Confirmation of Inoculation than any Objection against it.

4. OTHERS have the worst Sort. For Peace sake, I am ready to allow D—s and his Friends this; but he will allow me to say modestly with PYLARINUS, they most frequently have the distinct Sort. Here D—s may learnedly comment on most frequently, (as in pag. 11.) h. e. not always so. And I must confess, it is not always so, that those who are inoculated have the distinct and best Sort. It would be censur'd as unfair here, if I should say that such may have received the Small-Pox before Inoculation; but is it not equally unjust to lay either the coheerent or con|fluent Kind to Inoculation? It is certainly as absurd, at least, to say, that even in Times of General In|fection none may have taken the Destemper before they have been inoculated; as it is unfair to pro|nounce such infected before Inoculation who have it very bad: So that under this Head the con|tending Parties may shake hands. But for Argu|ment sake, I should be willing to allow that some

who have receiv'd the Small-Pox by Incisions, have yet been very full of Pocks, and even of the confluent Kind; but then they are very few in Comparison with those who have a benign Sort and favourable Symptoms, as all who are not blind, or perversely wilful and illnatur'd, may See. Even the dull, the heavy-ey'd, the sleepy D—s himself can perceive it, and dares acknow|lege it in pag. 25. and 26.

5. SOME have died of it. I am free to grant it, to oblige him, (who never obliged any body nor favoured any Thing, unless for his own Pro|fit, viz.) our Graduated Friend. But if some have died, their Number is very Small. Dr. JURIN, as D—s confesses, has shewed that, of those who have been inoculated in Great Britain, nine only have died in 448, which is one in about 49, or 50. And the same ingenious Doctor has pro|ved from the Bills of Mortality at London, that one in about 6, or 7, or 8. at farthest, have died of the natural Small-Pox. For my part I am ready to acknowlege, (what he desires and con|tends for pag. 22.) that but one in ten here have died of the natural Small-Pox; or, if it will satify him and his Chronies, that but one in Twenty have given up the Ghost with it: And yet, when I have allowed this, the Practice of Inoculation appears by far the most successful and advantageous; and therefore every wise Man, in Danger of the Small-Pox, will prefer the taking of it by Incisions.

As for those who have died under, or after, or (if he please••) of Inoculation in New-England; I cannot but think, and I have the Pleasure to find that many are with me in the Opinion, that, if the sordid D—s had any Thing of the Generous in his abject Mind, he would have relied upon it, that you have fairly ac|knowleged

all and every one you knew to have died under or of it: But it seems he won't believe you. And why? Because, forsooth, Mrs. G. whispers that there were many more who died of it. And will Mr. Goose believe her Whisper sooner than your open Declaration? And not she alone says this; but (con|tinues he p. 14.) some Porters say that it was whisper'd in sun|dry Houses, where the Dead had been carried from, that the Per|son had been inoculated. But if he places such Confidence in what some Porters heard whisper'd sure I am he deserves to be treated like a Porter. And I cannot but think it no Small Reflection on our Ultrajectine Doctor; that he knows what the Porters say; it looks as if he were acquainted with them. But this is not all. To these Reports he adds p. 15. I am certain of one more who died after Inoculation, as they express it, having with her Inoculator attended her in her Illness, this was House|keeper to &c. Here I could make You and myself merry with that admirable Paragraph, having with her Inoculator attended her in her Illness; But I will not, as long as I know his Mean|ing. In Answer to which, I protest, first of all, that I question whether she was Inoculated? But if she was, I maintain her Death is no Disgrace to Inoculation: For it is whisper'd, (And may not our Whispers be as good as D—s'?) that she was a Strum|pet, who (if she had not at the time of her Inoculation some foul Distemper) had some Remains of the Venereal Taint in her gross & filthy Body; But if she were as chast, vertuous & pure as Diana herself, her Small Pox Feaver, he confesses began after two Days, I suppose he means on the third Day: It is therefore at least probable that the Wench had receiv'd the Infection before; and by consequence it was hardly worth his while to make any noise about it.

AS to what he has remark'd of Capt. OSBORN's Account in the Royal Transactions; it is enough to say, that those Words, I knew of so many who were inoculated, were expres'd in a loose and careless Manner by him; and that all he seems to mean, is, he believ'd there had been that Number or thereabouts inoculated; which indeed was all he could pretend to say: For it is questio|nable whether he did or could absolutely know, being at London, how many you had inoculated, unless you had sent him an Ac|count, which I suppose yo•• did not. From his Account therefore, for D—s to gather and assert that 20 or 30 Inoculated Persons are concealed, many of which (he says, p. 15.) without Doubt are in their silent Graves; it shows he has a great deal of ill natur'd Par|tiality, unreasonable Prejudice and faulty Credulity against Ino|culation

Upon what he further relates (p. 15. & 16.) of the two Questi|ons, which either he or some other Noddy askt; I shall only ob|serve that I conceive the latter did not answer his Question so well as the former: For Silence is the best Answer to an imper|tinent Question, whether it be askt by a knowing Physician or an illiterate Mechanick.

6. D—s goes on, & says, that Inoculation sometimes leaves Im|postumations and other Ails. For this he quotes a Passage of PYLARINUS, which I wish he had been so kind as to translate, but he would not; because that Author writes, however such Things have happened, rarissime tamen, they are most rare and unusual. So it has proved in New-England, and perhaps the same would have appeared more fully in Brittain, if due Care had been taken to purge the Restored.

7. D—s plumply affirms pag. 17. those who have had a Genuine Small-Pox by Inoculation never can have it again in the natural way by Reason and Experience. A bold Assertion this! But, as bold as it is, he says, We may confidently pronounce it; so that now he seems to be one of us. I believe, that he, and some other Doctors in Town, have held the contrary; and I hope they will shew themselves, now at least as ingenuous as he, by making a publick Retractation.

But what if from their Incisions, the Patients have not the genuine Small-Pox, but imperfect Eruptions? Will these excuse them from the Small-Pox? To be plain and open, Doctor BOYLSTONE, I would roundly say No. And I may well say so: For Dr. JURIN imagines it possible for those who have fairly had the Small-Pox in the natural way to have it a Second Time, and He brings an example for the Proof of it: This I could not but take Notice of in his Treatise of Inoculation, dedicated to the Princess of WALES; but not having his Book, which I obtain'd of a Friend, now by me, I cannot refer to the Page where this is reported. But upon it I think it proper to remark, that as ••he Instances of this Second Infection are uncommon in the natural Way; So they are unusual in the way of Incisions: They are scarcer, a far greater Rarity than Pious and Religious Physicians: For ubi tres Medici, ibi duo Athei; but among three hundred Per|sons who have had the Small-Pox from Incisions, there have hardly been two, who have had it again.

8. He says p. 20. If it is not us'd with Circumspection, it is of pernicious Consequence to populous and Trading Towns. Here I frankly acknowledge, that, if only two or three Persons have the Small Pox in a City or Town, and there were no

likelihood of its Spreading, it is not so proper, nay, to gra|tify him, it is pernicious to inoculate and spread the Infection: But where many already have it, and several are daily visited with it, unbounded Inoculation (in his Style) seems to me so far from an Hardship and a damping of Trade, that I am verily perswaded, if all those in Boston who have not had the Small Pox would be inoculated in one week, it would be vastly better for the Town: For thereby we should be speedily rid of the Distemper. But now, if the Small Pox goes on in the usual Method, the Town must linger under it many Months, and its Trade and Commerce will not only be damp'd; but have a Stop in a great Measure put to it for a considerable Time.

9. I have nothing to write against what he remarks (p. 21.) of the Communication of constitutional Distempers as a Diffi|culty: It will perhaps be found one, if the Pus be taken from those of bad Constitutions and ill Habits: But where will be the Difficulty, if the Pus be taken from one, who before the Small Pox, was a sound & vigorous Youth, whose Juices were in a due State of Fluidity, and who therefore was in Perfect Health. In this Case, I should think the Patient safe, and (to borrow from D—s) I should take all Fear to be chimerical and conjectural.

Thus I have gone through his several Heads or Propositions, which he has confirm'd by Authorities: I could easily ani|madvert on some more Particulars under those general Heads; but it is Time almost to conclude my Letter.

Indeed I can't help thinking, that D—s himself, in pag 25. has in a few Lines overthrown all the foregoing Part of his Dissertation, wherein the Difficulties and Discouragements of Inoculation are laid down by him: For there he allows, that the Small Pox receiv'd by Incisions is found not so mortal, and that the Symptoms are generally more favourable, than when it is receiv'd by accidental Contagition. Now, you, nor I, nor yet any other reasonable Man, can desire any more: For if the Small Pox is less mortal and the Symptoms are more favoura|ble by Incisions than by the natural way; then he is a Simple|ton, not to say worse, who when he is in Danger, will not be inoculated. And then, if, as he further writes in the same Page, one may take the advantage of benign Small-Pox Consti|tution and a favourable Season of the Year; if one may pre|pare his Body for it, and remove the Anxiety which some are possess'd with thro' Fear of the Small Pox: I say, if all these Benefits and Advantages flow from Inoculation, he, who is near the Small Pox, and does not get inoculated, either knows not

his Interest or disregards his Welfare. D—s himself must have drawn this Conclusion, if he had made any Inference from what he says of the Advantages of Inoculation.

It pleases me much, that the Physicians in Town don't think Inoculation criminal now, whatever might be their Concepti|ons formerly: But D—s's Reason (I say his; for it can never be theirs) is poor for obviating their suspicion that it was so; viz. The Example of the Royal Family. I must confess their Example is of great Force; and the success the Practice of Ino|culation has met with on the Royal Offspring, the Hopes and Joys of Britain and its Dependencies is a strong Inducement and sufficient Encouragement to the Practice, were it in its own nature indifferent: But if the Practice be a Crime in it self, no Examples, however successful, in favour of it, would make it cease to be criminal.

What he says, (in page 26, viz. that the Practitioners in Town do generally resolve to perform the Operation when requi|red) is very greatful to you, I believe, as well as the other Friends of Inoculation: It shows they have a just value for the Lives of good People: their Resolution is a credit, and their Second Thoughts will bring Honours to them: It is frequent for fal|lible Men •••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in Mistakes thro' Pride 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Obstinacy; and yet it is monstrous, absurd and disreputable

But it is now high time to break off; I shall do so, by wish|ing that no one will be so unadvised as to trust himself in D—s hands under Inoculation; (for I believe he still retains some of his old Spleen against the Practice); by letting you know that, let D—s write what he will about Inoculation or any thing else, I will (if no one else will expose him) take liesure Op|portunity to show his Blunders and Errors; and by assuring you, that I am, with great Esteem and Affection,

Dear Sir,

Your very faithful humble Servant.

March 8, 1729, 30.