A modest enquiry into the nature of witchcraft, and how persons guilty of that crime may be convicted: and the means used for their discovery discussed, both negatively and affimatively, according to Scripture and experience. / By John Hale, Pastor of the Church of Christ in Beverley, anno domini 1697. ; [Six lines of Scripture texts]

The Preface TO THE Christian READER.

THE Holy Scriptures inform us that the Doctrine of Godliness is a great Mystery, containing the Mysteries of the Kingdom of Heaven: Myste|ries which require great search for the finding out: And as the Lord hath his Mysteries to bring us to Eternal Glory; so Satan hath his Mysteries to bring us to Eternal Ruine: Mys|teries not easily understood, whereby the depths of Satan are managed in hidden wayes. So the Whore of Babylon makes the Inhabitants of the Earth drunk with the Wine of her Fornication, by the Mystery of her abominations, Rev. 17.2. And the man of Sin hath his Mystery of ini|quity whereby he deceiveth men through the working of Satan in signes and lying wonders, 2 Thes. 2 3, 7, 9.

And among Satans Mysteries of iniquity, this of Witchcraft is one of the most difficult to be searched out by the Sons of men; as appeareth

by the great endeavours of Learned and Holy men to search it out, and the great differences that are found among them, in the rules laid down for the bringing to light these hidden works of darkness. So that it may seem pre|sumption in me to undertake so difficult a Theam, & to lay down such rules as are different from the Sentiments of many Eminent writers, and from the Presidents and practices of able Lawyers; yea and from the Common Law it self.

But my Apology for this undertaking is;

1. That there hath been such a dark dispen|sation by the Lord, letting loose upon us the Devil, Anno. 1691. & 1692. as we never ex|perienced before: And thereupon apprehend|ing and condemning persons for Witchcraft; and nextly acquitting others no less liable to such a charge; which evidently shew we were in the dark, and knew not what to do; but have gone too far on the one or other side, if not on both. Hereupon I esteemed it necessary for some person to Collect a Summa|ry of that affair, with some animadversions up|on it, which might at least give some light to them which come after, to shun those Rocks by which we were bruised, and narrowly es|caped Shipwrack upon. And I have waited five years for some other person to undertake it, who might doe it better than I can, but find none; and judge it better to do what I can,

than that such a work should be left undone. Better sincerely though weakly done, then not at all, or with such a byas of prejudice as will put false glosses upon that which was managed with uprightness of heart, though there was not so great a spirit of discerning, as were to be wished in so weighty a Concernment.

2. I have been present at several Examinati|ons and Tryals, and knew sundry of those that Suffered upon that account in former years, and in this last affair, and so have more advantages than a stranger, to give account of these Proceedings.

3. I have been from my Youth trained up in the knowledge and belief of most of those principles I here question as unsafe to be used. The first person that suffered on this account in New-England, about Fifty years since, was my Neighbour, and I heard much of what was charged upon her, and others in those times; and the reverence I bore to aged, learned and judicious persons, caused me to drink in their principles in these things, with a kind of Implicit Faith. Quo semel est imbuta recens servabit odorem, Testa diu A Child will not easily forsake the principles he hath been trained up in from his Cradle.

But observing the Events of that sad Ca|tastrophe, Anno 1692. I was brought to a more strict scanning of the principles I had imbibed, and by scanning, to question, and by questio|ning

at length to reject many of them, upon the reasons shewed in the ensuing Discourse. It is an approved saying Nihil certius, quam quod ex dubio fit certum: No truth more certain to a man, than that which he hath formerly doubt|ed or denied, and is recovered from his error, by the convincing evidence of Scripture & rea|son. Yet I know and am sensible, that while we know but in part, man is apt in flying from a discovered error, to run into the con|trary extream.

Incidit in Scyllam qui vult vitare Charybaim.

The middle way is commonly the way of truth. And if any can shew me a better mid|dle way than I have here laid down, I shall be ready to embrace it: But the conviction must not be by vinegar or drollery, but by strength of argument.

4. I have had a deep sence of the sad con|sequence of mistakes in matters Capital; and their impossibility of recovering when com|pleated. And what grief of heart it brings to a tender conscience, to have been unwittingly encouraging of the Sufferings of the innocent. And I hope a zeal to prevent for the future such sufferings is pardonable, although there should be much weakness, and some errors in the pursuit thereof.

5. I observe the failings that have been on the one hand, have driven some into that which is indeed an extream on the other hand,

and of dangerous consequence, viz. To deny any such persons to be under the New Testament, who by the Devils aid discover Secrets, or do work wonders. Therefore in the latter part of this discourse, I have taken pains to prove the Affirmative, yet with brevity, because it hath been done already by Perkins of Witchcraft. Glanvil his Saduciscus Triumphatus. P••. 1. p. 1. to 90. & Pt. 2. p. 1 to 80. Yet I would not be un|derstood to justify all his notions in those dis|courses, but acknowledge he hath strongly proved the being of Witches.

6. I have special reasons moving me to bear my testimony about these matters, before I go hence & be no more; the which I have here done, and I hope with some assistance of his Spirit to whom I commit my self & this my labour, e|ven that God whose I am & whom I serve: De|siring his Mercy in Jesus Christ to Pardon all the Er|rors of his People in the day of darkness; and to en|able us to fight with Satan by Spiritural Weapons, putting on the whole Armour of God.

And tho' Satan by his Messengers may buffet Gods Children, yet there's a promise upon right Resisting, he shall flee from them, Jam. 4.7. And that all things shall work together for the good of those that Love the Lord, Rom. 8.28. So that I believe Gods Children shall be gainers by the assaults of Satan, which occasion'd this Discourse; which that they may, is the Prayer of, Thine in the Service of the Gospel.

Beverly, Decemb. 15th, 1697.

JOHN HALE