The logicians school-master: or, A comment upon Ramus logick.: By Mr. Alexander Richardson, sometime of Queenes Colledge in Cambridge. Whereunto are added, his prelections on Ramus his grammer; Taleus his rhetorick; also his notes on physicks, ethicks, astronomy, medicine, and opticks. Never before published.

Artis est praxis & prattomenon.

We have heard what encuclopaidia is, qua Artes comprehenduntur, pro subordinatione finiam, and what Ars is. Now we come to the common affections be∣longing to Art, and they are praxis, and prattomenon. That Art hath his praxis and prattomenon, I thus prove it: if the end of things be an 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, then as there is that actio, or motus: so there must be a res motu facta the prattomenon. But the end of every thing is an 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: therefore I prove it is an 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, be∣cause laus rei est actione, and if there should be any thing made, that had not an end, it were in vain. A∣gain, every thing is Gods work, and he is pure Act,

therefore every thing must agree to him, and so agere. And if there be a praxis and a prattomenon of the thing, there must needs be a praxis and prattomenon of Art, because the thing is fitted to the rule of Art, and not Art to the thing. Now the reason why some have dreamed that every Art hath not his praxis and prattomenon is, that false distinction of Arts into theoretical and practick, they call them theoretical which they do onely contemplate; practick when we can by art agere: But there is no Art but is both theoretical and practick, for as we heard before, that we might both scire sapere, and intelligere, &c. so we may contemplate, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, ergo this distribution is fallacia accidentis, for they do not distinguish Art as it is in the thing, but from their own knowledge of it.

Object. But we cannot guide Astronomy, neither can we 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 with natural Philosophy, but onely contemplate them?

Answ. It is Ars as it is in fabrica rei, not as it is in homine, but there is praxis and prattomenon in every thing, as in the Sun we may see, his motion is Praxis, his course that he makes is Prattomenon: again, man doth not contemplate onely, but also work by the rule of Astronomy, and by Nature, as in the sowing of corn, and planting of trees, &c. Now for practick they say they are such as do onely practive, and leave no work behind them: or they are also poietick, and leave a work behind them. Of the first sort they make Ethicks, Oeconomicks, Politicks, Musick, Op∣ticks and others, Why? doth not the Ethician work a good moral action, or vertue, by his rule of Ethicks? and hath not the good husbandman in working by the rule of Oeconomicks his Prattomenon

as well, as his praxis? and so of the rest. Is not the Common-wealth the Prattomenon of a good Politi∣cian to be governed by him according to the rule of the Politicks? so for Musick, is there not a song sung as well as the singing of it? and when they set their song we see it plain, that there is an opus as well as a motus. Now they had these from Aristotle, but they are false, and it is not commendable in the Crea∣tor, that every thing should have his praxis and prat∣tomenon. Again, it doth not resemble the Creator, who is purus actus, unless there be a motus in it, and a res motu facta, as the rule of Logick teacheth in the doctrine of effectum, and not onely Logick, but also Grammar teacheth so much, for there is scriptio and scriptum; so in Arithmetick there is a numbring, and a thing numbred. So for Geometry there is a mea∣suring, and a thing measured: and so for all other Arts. And it cannot be otherwise by the rule of Grammar, for every verb is a transitive, and that is either active or neuter, and both of them govern an accusative case, which is the subject into which they pass over, as amo patrem, Pater is the subject unto which amo passeth over: and sero a verb neuter hath his subject in himself, as when I say, I sow, it is as if I should say, I sow seed, therefore there is a prattome∣non of every Art, as well as a praxis. For if a man smels, he smels something, and when he sees, he sees something, and drinking, he drinks drink.