A compendious view, or Cosmographical, and geographical description of the whole world.: With more plain general rules, touching the use of the globe, then bave been yet published. Wherein is shewed the situation of the several countries, and islands: their particular governments, manners, commodities, and religions. Also a chronology of the most eminent persons, and things that have been since the creation, to this present: wherein you have a brief of the gospel, or a plain, and easie table, directing readily where to find the several things, that were taught, spoke, done and suffered, by Jesus Christ, throughout the said gospel. The which is not onely pleasant, and delightful; but very useful, and profitable; for all. But cheifly for those who want, either time, to read, or money to buy, many books. / By Tho. Porter.

A Definition, Explanation, and Description of several Names, or Terms, of Water and Land.

THe Terrestrial, or Eartly Globe, is defined to be a Spherical, or round Body, proportiona∣bly composed of Earth and Water: A Figure of which you have expressed at a corner of the Map. The Earth is first to be considered, and is affirmed by the latest, best, and most ••••arned Writers, to be in compasse 21600 English 〈◊〉〈◊〉; and plainly ap∣pears thus: Every of the greater Circles, contein 360 degrees, every degree being accounted 60 English miles, let 360 be multiplyed by 60, and the sum or product, will be 21600 as was aforesaid. The Earth is divided into real and imaginary parts: and these usually and commonly into Continents and Islands.

A Continent is a great quantity of Land, not separa∣ted, or enterlaced by any Sea from other parts of the World: in which are conteined many Countries or Kingdoms; as Europe, Asia, or as the Countryes of France, Germany, Tartary, or the like.

An Island is a part of Land, environed, or encom∣passed round about with Water; as England and Scot∣land together; or, as Ireland alone. And these are sub∣divided, or again divided into Peninsula's, Isthmus, and Promontories. A Peninsula is almost an Island; that is to say a Tract, or part of Land, which is but almost encompassed with Water, being joyned to the firm Land by some little part of Land, or Isthmus; as Morea in Greece, &c. An Isthmus is a little narrow neck of Land,

which joyneth any Peninsula to the Continent; as the straights of Corinth in Greece, and Dariena in America. A Promontory is a high Mountain, which shooteth it self into the Sea: the utmost end of which is called a Foreland, or Cape; as the Cape of Good-hope, Cape Verde in Africa, and St. Michaels Mount in England. There are also other real parts of the Earth; as Plains; Vallayes, Hills, Woods, and the like: but these are so well known by every one, that they need no explana∣tion. The second real part of the Globe is Water: which is divided into Ocean, Sea, a Straight, a Creek, or Bay, and Lake.

1 The Ocean is a general collection of Water, which environeth or encompasseth the Earth on every side.

2. The Sea is a part of the Ocean, to which we can∣not come, but through some straight, as the Mediter∣raneum sea, the Black-sea, the Red-sea, &c. Now it is plain and certain, that divers and sundry names have been given to the Sea, as well as to the Earth, taken ei∣ther from the Contries and places adjoyning to, or wa∣tered by it; as the Brittish-sea, the Spanish-sea, the In∣dian-sea, &c. or from the divers Climates, Situation, or parts of the World: from whence came the North-sea, the East-sea, the West-sea, the South-sea, Mare del Nort, Mare del Zur: The Sea which floweth between Europe, Africa, and Asia, is called the Mederiterra∣neum, or Mid-land Sea, because it lyeth as it were be∣tween the aforesaid places. She hath sometimes her name from the colour, as the Red-sea, (which also called Arabian Gulf) not that the Water is red, but the Red sand which lyeth under it, make it to appear so. More∣over, it takes its name oftentimes from the nature, effects, and events of things: as appears in that which did

be fal the Spaniard, in the Sea between Spain and the Canaries, or fortunate Islands: for they carrying over a great company of Mares, to put in the places they had taken, (which were destitnte of them) that they might there increase and multiply, and because by tempest they were drowned in the Sea: they called it the Gulf of Mares. About the North-pole, it is called the frozen Sea, because it is there almost alwayes frozen.

3. A Straight is a part of the Ocean, restrained with∣in narrow bounds, and opening a way to the sea, as the Straights of Gibralter, and the Straights of Magella∣niea.

4. A Creek or Bay, is a crooked shore, thrusting out as it were two arms, to embrace the sea; as the Co∣rinthian and Persian Creeks: also Button's and Hudson's Bay.

5. A Lake is a great Collection, or gathering of Wa∣ter, which hath no visible entercourse with the sea: as the Lake of Lough-Neauh in Ireland, the Dead-sea in the Land of Canaan, and the Caspian-sea: though by rea∣son of the bigness of the two last, they are called seas. And hereunto belong Rivers, Brooks and the like, which are so well known by every man, that we will pass them over without more ado.

Of the flowing and ebbing of the Sea.

You must know that it is not always alike: for in di∣vers places it doth encrease for the space of 6 whole hours, and decrease as many: but in the Promontory of Erithrem, in Africa, commonly called Cabo Rosso, it in∣creaseth 4 hours, and decreaseth 8. In divers places it keeps alwayes at one state, without ebbing or flowing.

And so at the Cape called Das Palmas, it runs still to∣wards the East, although by vertue of the first mobile, or chief moveable, and of the Moon, the whole Sea seems to move towards the West: Notwithstanding, when by interposition of the Earth, she is hindred from her natural course, it cometh to pass, that her course is variable, not onely in the aforesaid places, but also in many others. For the same cause it is, that about Flo∣rida the Sea runs still towards the North without any return; and so the course hath been observed to be di∣vers, according to the diversity of places. It must also be observed, that the Sea doth move otherwise at the full Moon, then it doth when it is but half: for there is more strength in a full light, then in that which is almost extinguished. There is also a certain place in Norway, called Maelstroom, within which the Sea flowing is in such sort swallowed up by a Gulf, that it is never seen afterwards. The like is to be seen in the Boddick Gulf.

Of the deepness of the Sea.

It must also be understood, that it is not every where equal, for it is less in the Ocean then in the Mediter∣ranean Sea. The Seas which the Spaniards call Del Nort, and Del Zur, are in such sort covered with green Reeds, that the ships seem rather to sail upon green Meadows, then upon the Waters.

Of the fruitfulness, and richness of the Sea.

And this is no less different, according to the diver∣sity of places then of the Earth; for they who have

sailed through the Sea, which is between Spain and America, say, that they have often made above 100 Leagues, without seeing one fish: and contrariwise in ther places, there are such abundance to be seen, that it is wonderful: which hath been well known by the those who have sailed towards the North Coasts of America; and above all, towards Newfound Land, which for the abundance of fish is called De Baccalos. Moreover, one would think that Nature hath taken delight, in counter∣feiting in the Sea, many things which are seen on the Earth. For as touching four-footed Beasts, you shall find therein the Elephant, the Hog, the Schel-crab, the Dog, the Cals, the Horse, the Cow, and many other the like things. And as for Feathered Fowels, there is the Hawk, the Swallow, and others: yea, the very likeness and image of man. The ancient Writers, as also the late, do likewise affirm, That there are Meirmaids in the Sea, which have at sundry times shewed themselves in divers places, (as Peter Launy affirmes) by the testi∣mony of many, (to whom I remit the doubtful Reader.) And finally, the Sea brings forth also divers Plants; as Coral, Pearles, Amber, Sponge, and many other things, both delightful and necessary for mans use.

Of the Circles in the Map, and their Ʋse.

The imaginary parts of the Earth, are such, as though not in the Earth, yet must be supposed to be so, for the understanding of this Science; and are certain Cir∣cles going about the Earth answerable to them, which the Astronomers attribnte to the Heavens: That bigger Line which crosseth both Planispheres, in the Map, straight along in the midst, dividing (as it were) the

World into two halves; that is to say, North and South, is called the Equinoctial, Equator, or middle Line; because when the Sun is come thereto, which is on the 11th. of March, and 12th. of September: the day and night is of equal length over all the World, and this is the great, fixed, and immoveable Circle, which goes round about the Earthly Globe, from East to West, and passeth through Bornea, Upper-Ethiopia, and Guinea: as you may see in the Map. This Line is full of black and white spots, or spaces (to the number of 360:) which are called Degrees, and a degree con∣sists of 60 minutes, and conteins 60 miles; for as much as a minute is accounted a mile.—The use hereof is to shew the Latitude of any Countrey, Place, or City, (that is) the distance of them towards the North or South, from the Equator, which is reckoned on the Meridian, towards either Pole. Those there∣fore have North latitude, that inhabit or dwell between the middle Line, and the North Pole: and those South latitude, who dwell between the Equinoctial, and South Pole.

The Meridian is a great Circle compassing round the Earth, from Pole to Pole, and is that which you see in the Circumference of the two Planispheres of the Map. But there are many Meridians, according to the divers places in which a Man lives: but the chief and fixed passeth through St. Michaels, one of the Azores Isles. The use of the Meridian is to shew the Longi∣tude of any Countrey, Place, or City: Now the Lon∣gitude is the distance of it East or West, from the great and fixed Meridian: and this distance, or longitude is measured and numbred on the middle Line, or Equa∣tor, by 10, 20, &c. from the great and fixed Meridian,

to the numbers of 360, into which the whole Com∣passe of the Earth is divided, An Example shall be this: Look for England, and you will see that it is a little East of the second Meridian: then follow that Line to the Equator, and look there as much Eastward, as England is from the Meridian above, and count or reckon the degrees thereon, from the great and fixed Meridian, to that place, and you will see that it is about 22; and this is the longitude of England: but then you must note, that we mean the middle thereof. All the other small Lines that go through the Map, from North to South, are also called Meridians. We will give you an Example, both of the longitude and latitude together. Suppose, you would know in what degree of longitude and latitude the middle of Ireland is; First, then look for Ireland, and you will see it is North of the fifth pa∣rallel: then follow that Line to the Meridian, and you will see that it is about 51: Then cast your eye to the middle of Ireland, and you will see that it is about 52: Then look towards the West, and you will perceive that it lies somewhat East of the first Meridian: Then follow it down to the Equator, and so look as much East there as Ireland is above, and you will see that the middle thereof is about 52, which is the longitude thereof: so that the middle of Ireland is about the 52 degree of latitude, and thus you may easily find any other place or City. And this may serve for a Rule, to know the length and breadth of any Countrey; for as much as every degree is reckoned for 60 miles, as was said before. Those small Lines thwarting or crossing the Meridian, from East to West, are called parallels, or equidistances, being distant one from another 10 deg. towards each Pole, and are for the easie and ready

finding out of the latitude of any place from the equator. As for example, look for England, and count the parallels or equidistances, till you come to the parallel, which is nearest to it, and you will find them to be 5: Then follow that line to the meridian, and you will see the figure set thereat is 50: so that you will find the latitude, or di∣stance, (for they are both as one) of England, from the Equator, towards the North-pole, to be 50 degr. and better: but then this (you must note) is the South part of England, and so in the like manner may you find any other place. But there is another sort of parallels, which are called Artificial Parallels, for that they shew the difference of Artificial Dayes: the use of which, is to shew the Climates.

Of Climates.

A Climate is a space of Earth, included within two of the Artificial, or lesser parallels, and are declared and set forth in the Circumference of the Eastern Pla∣nisphere of the Map. The use thereof is to shew the length and shortnesse of the Day, in all the several parts of the World. Now under the Equinoctial line and 10 Degrees on North, and as many on the South-side thereof, the dayes exceed not the length of 12 hours; but afterwards they increase the length of half an hour in every Clime, till they come to 24 hours without night, (and are so marked, shewed, or de∣clared, as you may see in the utmost Circumference of the Map) which length atteined, they increase no more by hours, but by weeks and moneths, until they come to the length of half a year: so as there are two sorts of Climates; that is to say, 24 North,

and as many South, from the Equator: (touching the names of which, we will refer you to larger Volumes and discourses.) By which it appears, that they who dwell under the same Latitude of the Poles, have the same length of day and night: But to them on the South of the Equator, the day is shortest, then with us (on the North) it is at the longest; and our Winter is their Summer, and so contrariwise their Winter is our Summer, &c.

Of the Tropicks.

The Tropick of Cancer, or the Crab, is a Circle, (or rather (for distinction) a double Circle, or Line) which is distant from the Equinoctial, or middle Lines to∣wards the North, about 23 degrees and a half: Now when the Sun is come thither, which is on the 11th. of June then is the day longest with us, who live on the North of the Equator, and shortest to them on the South thereof. This Line passeth through New Spain, Arabia, and India. The Tropick of Capricorn is a like Circle to that of Cancer, and is distant from the Equa∣tor 23 degrees and a half towards the South, (being just as much as Cancer is towards the North) when the Sun is gone down thither, which on the 12 or 13 of Decemb. then are the dayes shortest with us who dwell on the North, and longest with them who dwell on the South thereof. This Line passeth through Ethiopia the Lower, and Peru. The Arctick or North-Polar Circle, is a like Line or Circle, as the Tropick of Cancer; and it is di∣stant from the North Pole 23 degrees and a half. It passeth through Tartary, Norway, Greenland, and some

part of the unknown Land, as you may see in the Map. The Antarctick, or South Polar Circle, is a like Line or Circle, to the North Polar Circle; and is distant from the South Pole 23 degrees and about a half, (being just so much as the North-polar Circle is distant from the North-pole) and passeth through the South unknown Land.

Of Zones.

Now the use of these four Circles, of Cancer, Capri∣corn, the Arctick and Antarctick) are to shew the five parts, called Zones: whereof there are two temperate, the one North, the other South: two frozen or cold; one of them also North, and the other South, and one hot, or scorched. The North temperate Zone, is that part or space, conteined between the Tropick of Cancer, and the North-Polar Circle. The South temperate Zone, is that space contained between the Tropick of Capricorn, and the South-polar Circle. They are called temperate, because the Air thereof is more moderate, and of a better temper, being neither so very hot, as the scorched Zone, nor so extream cold as the frozen Zones.

The torrid, burnt, or hot Zone is that space contein∣ed between the two Tropicks of Cancer, and Capricorn, and is continually scorched with the Sun, which doth alwayes pass over it, afflicting it with a marvellous heat and down-right Rays: the breadth hereof compre∣hendeth 47 degrees, or 2820 miles, every degree be∣ing 60 miles, as hath been said already. The North Frigid, frozen, or cold Zone, is that space conteined

within the Arctick, or North-Polar Circle: the breadth whereof from the very Pole it self, is 23 degrees and a half, which is 1410 miles. The South frigid, frozen, or cold Zone, is that space or part between the An∣tarctick, or South Polar Circle, and hath the same breadth as the North Frozen Zone hath from the North-Pole: namely 23 degrees and a half, or 1410 miles.

The Division of the World.

The World is commonly divided into the known and unknown parts: the latter whereof we will pass by▪ forasmuch as time and opportunity hath not disco∣vered it, and onely refer you to the Map, by which you may see that it lyeth towards the Poles, but chiefly towards the South-pole.

The known World is divided into these four parts: EUROPE, ASIA, AFRICA, AME∣RICA: and each of these conteine several Countries and Islands.

EUROPE

Contains England, Ireland, Scotland, and their Isles: Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Germany, Holland, Denmark, and Norway, Swedland, Poland, Hungary, Slavonia, Transilvania, Greece, Dacia, Russia, and their Isles.

ASIA

Contains Natolia, Syria, Palestine, Arabia, Caldea, Assyria, Mesopotamia, Turcomania, Media, Persia, Tartary, Shiria, India, and many Islands.

AFRICA

Comprehends Egypt, Barbary, Numidia, Libia, the land of Negroes, upper, and lower Ethiopia, with divers Islands.

AMERICA

(Or the New World) not to speak of it, as some divide it, into North and South: for by the Map you may see, how it lies: the several Countries comprehended therein, are Estotiland, Terra Corte∣realis, Canada, New Scotland, Norumbega, New Eng∣land, New Netherland, Virginia, Florida, New Albion, New Spain, Guatimalia, Golden Castile, Paria, Guiana, New Granada, Peru, Chile, Paragnay, Brasile, and many Islands: as Hispaniola, Cuba, Jamaica, and divers others, as you will find in their proper place.

Of the Winde.

It is a hot and dry Exhalation drawn into the air by the power of the Sun: and by reason of the weight there∣of, (being driven down) is carried side-long about the Earth: but this must be understood of general windes, which blow over all the Earth, or at the least some great Countries. For there are a second sort of winds, which are peculiar onely to some Countries, and those not very large, which are begot on this manner. It is confessed, that in the Globe of the Earth there are wonderful holes, wherein when air aboundeth, (and cannot abide to be shut up) findeth some little hole, or as it were a mouth, to breathe, or break out at: In (or about) those Countries bloweth vehemently; but that force extendeth not far, for it is like wind that cometh out of Bellows. This winde therefore differeth from the general winds, both in sub∣stance and quality: for the matter of them is an exhala∣tion, and the quality such as the nature of the exhalation, very airy, but not indeed air. There is also a third sort of wind, which is a gentle and cool moving of the air, com∣ing from no certain place, yet is felt in the shade under trees, but in the open Sun it is not perceived: it cometh whisking suddenly, (very pleasant in the heat of summer) and ceaseth presently again. This is no wind properly, but a moving of the air by some occasion.

1. The North wind is cold and dry, but serene, clear, wholesome, and a preserver of things from corruption: yet through the extremity of cold, it oft-times proves hurtful to flowers, and new-budded fruits. 2. The South wind is hot and moist, and by reason of its moisture, it is not only

hurtful to seeds and fruits, but to living creatures, and be∣gets dark and cloudy air, which is for the most part ac∣companied with rain, unlesse it keeps generally blowing, and then it produceth clearnesse, but a stifling heart, and stirs up many diseases, as feavers, pestilence, and other contagious griefs. 3. The West wind is moist, and tem∣perately watery, and hath many favourable and cherishing blasts: yet stireth up both rain and thundrer. 4. The East wind is very hot, and intemperately dry; yet very pleasant, pure, and wholesome: (but chiefly in the morn∣ing) for it preserves the body sound, and in winter it pro∣duceth frost. These are the four chief, or principal. The secondary are,

1. The North-East wind is dry and cold, and par∣takes of the temper both of North and East: it stirs up clouds, and sometimes produceth snow. 2. The North-West is cloudy, moist, and stormy, and usually makes an unquiet and turbulent air. 3. The South-East is cloudy, dark, and somewhat moist, begetting rain, but not so, common as the South. 4. The South-west is evil, moist begetting clouds and showers, and turns fair weather into foul and tempestuous, though not so much as the South. As for the rest, we will onely name them; East North-East, North North-East, North North-West, West South-West, South South-west, South South-East, West No••th-west, East South-East, East and by North North-East by East, North-East, North-East by North, North-west, North-west by North, West by North, North-west by West, South-west by West, West by South, South-west by South, South by West, South by East, South-East by South, South-East by East, East by South. But in the plain and open South-sea, between the two Tropicks, (by

vertue of the first moveable) the wind doth continually blow from the East to the West: as also in the Ethiopick and Indick, unlesse it be when it comes nearer the Land, where it oftentimes changeth: For the wind which taketh his beginning from the vapours which are lifted on high (either by the inequality which is between the mountains and the vallies, by the lakes and rivers, or by something else unknown to men) stretcheth in some sort his strength from the earth, and also in the two Tropicks. And for this cause in the East-sea (where there are many Promon∣tories, and divers Islands) the wind in certain moneths of the year, blows still from the East; and the other moneths, continually from the North.

Of the Sea-Compasse.

It will not be amisse to adde here some things of the deviation, or going out of the way of the Sea-Compasse, for the help and aid of the Mariners. For these observati∣ons are not forged lies, or untruths of the Mariners, to co∣ver their errour: (as Peter de Medina would make us be∣lieve.) Neither doth it come to passe, by the default of the Aiman stone, too long using it; (as Peter Novin is perswaded) or because it was not well set at the first, (as others would have it) it is so carried naturally. There are none that hitherto have atteined to the knowledge of the true cause of it; for it hath been found to be, even as many other the like secret and miraculous works of Nature; namely, that men are blind in the knowledge of them, and their shallow understanding cannot comprehend them. True it is, that some have laboured to give certain Canons and Laws of this deflexion, as if it were regular, or ordi∣nary,

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but all in vain; for Experience hath taught us, that it is irregular, and without order: and not onely that Ex∣perience which is made by the Mariners, (by some grosse and unlearned conjecture, which oftentimes is far from truth) but also by the most careful and diligent observati∣ons that have been thereof. And if from those Islan••s which they call Azores, the Compasse goeth not from the Meridian: namely, between Fayal, and Flores; as appears by the observations that have been made thereof. And if from those Islands you sail towards the East, the point which looketh on the North doth turn it self a little towards the East. To London, in England, it goeth from the true Meridian 11 degrees; to Antwerp in Brabant, 9 degrees. If from the same Islands you take your course towards the West, the same point shall turn on the West. In the sea-shore of America, about the latitude of 36 de∣grees, it is gone from the true Meridian more than 11 de∣grees. Beyond the Aequator, it fals altogether otherwise. About the last Promontory of Brasil, toward the East, (commonly called Cabo Frio) it turns from the Meridian 12 degrees, if not more. And in the East parts of the Straights of Magellan, 5 or 6 degrees. And if from the said Promontory of Brasil, you sail towards the North in∣to Africa, this deflexion shall increase to the 17th and 18th degree, which hapeneth to that Meridian, which is a little distance of the same that passeth beyond the Azo∣res: from thence the deflexion doth increase to 9 or 10 degrees. By the Island of S. Hellen somewhat to the West, from thence it decreaseth unto the River de las A∣gulias, all which deflexion is to the East. These things are well known to us, and have been tried by careful ob∣servations, (in as much as the perfection required to the

Sea-Compass doth permit) and calculated by the do∣ctrine of Spherical Triangles, by the most Learned Ma∣thematician Robert Hues: By all doth appear, that the Reports which are made of this deflexion, are partly false, and partly suspected.

Of the four Seasons, or Quarters of the Year.

1 The SPRING begins the 11th. of March, and continues till the Sun doth come to Cancer, which is the 11th. of June; This quarter is generally both hot and moist, but constant to neither, being sometimes hot, sometimes cold, and other whiles moist: but heat now hath some sway, by reason of the Suns elevation, and daily ascension toward us. This quarter at the be∣ginning, (whilest the Sun passeth through the signe Aries) is more moist then hot; In the middle, of a good even temper, both for heat and moisture; but in the end more hot then moist; at which time, we have fre∣quent winds, by reason of the temper of the Air.

Conjectures on the Spring.

If the Spring be over-moist, it prenotes or signifies fewness of Fruit, and much putrefaction in what there is. If it be too hot, the Trees shoot out leaves, and Flowers come to a sudden ripeness, sooner then ordi∣nary, though it may be a pleasant season, yet will not Fruit retein their quality and taste. A cold and dry Spring much hurts the Fruit, and make it lateward.

2 The SUMMER begins the 11th. of June, and continues till the 12 of Septemb. It is hot and dry, and now we are not troubled with many Winds, especially in the midst hereof.

Conjectures on Summer.

A wet and hot Summer begets many diseases, scarcity of Corn, and putrefies Fruit: If it be to dry, a Dearth oftentimes follows, but plenty of Summer Fruit, which being too eagerly eaten, oft engender, or beget many hurtful Diseases: And a cold Summer makes Fruit late∣ward; but proves a fruitful season.

3 AUTUMN begins the 12 of September, and ends the 12 of December: it is cold and dry, and hath many Winds, At the beginning, dryness is most pre∣dominant: in the midst, much like: but at the latter end, more cold then dry.

Conjectures on Autumn.

If it be moister then usually, it is wont to corrupt the Grapes: If wet fall at the latter end hereof, beware of scarcity the year following: if it be hot, unhealthful, and if too cold, a hazard to Fruits.

4 WINTER begins the 12 of December, and continues till the 11 of March. It is cold and moist.

Conjectures on Winter.

A cold and dry Winter is wholesome; for it purifies & cleanseth the Air: but if it prove hot and moist, it is both unwholesome, and hurtful to the Corn; frequency of Wind is hurtful to all manner of Fruits; a want thereof brings as much damage to all kinds of Grain: but if the whole year be calm and very quiet, you may suspect that a Pestilence will range up and down, Although these four Seasons, Quarters, differ something every year; yet while the Earth remaineth, seed-time and Harvest; Cold and Heat, Summer and Winter, and Day and Night shall not cease, Gen 8. 22.

Of the Heavens and Elements, according to Ptolomies Figure thereof.

The whole World is divided into 2 parts, that is to say, Elemental, and Celestial: The Elemental part is di∣vided into 4 parts, namely, Earth, Water, Fire, and Air; as you may see in the round figure of the Heavens, and and Elements: the inmost or middle most conteining Water, and Earth, intermingled together: next the Air, and next to it the Element of Fire, as you may there see, each having its name set in the proper place, to which I will refer you: and here chiefly describe them.

1 The EARTH is dry and cold; an Element differing from Air, agreable with Fire, in driness: with Water, in coldness; and it is more of a dry quality,

and less of a cold. The Circuit of the Earth is 21600 miles; but the Diameter is 6872: so that 3436 will reach the middle. In the middle thereof is eternal Fire and Hell, which is the bottomless Pit of the damned. 2 The WATER is cold and moist, an Element dif∣fering from the Fire, agreeable with earth in coldness; with Air moisture; and is more cold, and less moist. 3 FIRE it hot and dry, an element differing from Water, and agreeable with the Air in heart, and with earth in dryness; and it participates more of heat and less of dryness. The AIR is hot and moist, and ele∣ment differing or disagreeable from the earth, and agreeable with Water, in moistness; and with Fire, in heat, and hath more of moisture, and less of heat.

1 The MOON, the lesser light, like no mean Princess, ordained or placed between the Sun and the other Planets, doth govern the earthly Region, dispo∣sing and ordering dayes by a manifest change and alte∣ration; She is less then the earth 39 times, and com∣passeth 12 degrees with the beams: she goes about the Zodiack in the space of a moneth, is a friend to Jupiter Venus, and Saturn: and enemy to Mercury, and Mars: She is Female, Night-shining, cold and moist, having somewhat variable qualities in her quarters: as the sun by quarters doth change the times of the year: she is a conveigher of all the vertues or forces, and impressions of other Planets. Of Colours, she hath yellow; in man, she hath the Brain; in woman, the womb: in both, the stomack, belly, and the tuition of the left part

2 MERCURY is 19 times lesser then the Earth, he casteth his Rays 7 degrees, and makes his course nearly with the Sun and Venus: he is a Friend to Jupiter,

Ʋenus, and Saturn, and enemy to the Sun, Moon, and Mars: He is a mixt Planet, male with male, and fe∣male with females: Hot with hot, and moist with moister Planets. According to some, he rules the Thighs, Navel, Privity, Legs, Sinews, and Veins. According to others, (and more rightly) he possesseth the Mouth, Tongue, Cogitation, and Memory: also the Hands and Legs: and Colours, all mixt and various.

3 VENUS, is 6 times less then the earth, she equals her course with the Sun, and is friend to all Planets, except Saturn: she is female, night-shining, cold and moist, temperately flegmatick, and rules or keeps the Loins, Reins, Haunches, Privities, and matrix: of Co∣lours, she holds white, declining unto green.

4 The SUN, the greater Light, is Lord of perfe∣ction, and King of Nature, the Author of Times, Ge∣neration, and Life; the greatest of all the Planets, ex∣ceeding the earth 30 times, or more: with his Orbe and Beams, he possesseth 15 degrees, going about the earth in 365 dayes, and almost 6 hours, which is the compass of a year. He is a friend to Jupiter and Venus, an enemy to Mars and Mercury, and is a Masculine day-shining Planet, moderately hot and dry. He keeps the Brain, Marrow, Sinews, the right eye of a man, and the left of a woman, and holds the yellow colour mixt with red.

5 MARS is the Lord of War; he equals the earth once with an half, and an 8 part. With his beams he compasseth 8 degrees and is 13 times less then the earth: he compasseth the Zodiack in almost 2 years. He is onely a friend to Venus, all the rest are his enemies, but especially Jupiter, and Sol. He is a Male Planet, night-shining, immoderately hot and dry; predominant over

the left Ear, the Veins, the Gall, and the Stones: Of Humours, he hath Choller; and of Colours, red.

6 JUPITER is 14 times greater then the earth: In the bigness of his Orbe, he is 9 degrees, and goes about the Zodiack in 12 years. He is a friend to all Planets, except Mars, and is a masculine Planet, shining by night, hot, moist, sanguine complexioned; he rules the Liver, the Lungs, the Ribs, the Gristles, the Bloud, and the Seed: He hath Citron, or Orenge colour, or gray and green.

7 SATURN is a male Planet, and the highest of all: In bigness 22 times greater then the earth: the Circuit of his Orbe is 9 degrees; he compasseth the Zodiack in 30 years, and is a friend to Jupiter, the Sun, and Moon; an enemy to Venus and Mars; an adversary to Humany Learning, destroying life; he is malevo∣lent, cold, and dry: Of all the members of man, he hath the right Ear, the Spleen, and the Bladder: of Hu∣mours, he hath Melancholy, with commixture of Flegme: and of colours, he hath black.

8 Is the Sphear of the fixed Stars, commonly called The Starry Firmament: and performeth his motion in 7000 years.

9 Is called, The Christalline Heaven▪ or 2 moveable, his motion is almost immensible, and is called, The trembling Motion: and is said to be performed, (by later Astronomers) in 49000 yeares.

10 Is called, The first moveable Heaven, conteining the rest within it: and removing from the East to the West, carrieth about with it inviolably, all the other Spheres: whose motion is contrary from the West, to the East: and do differ much in their motion, as you may see by what hath been said.

The 11. is called, The Imperial or highest Heaven, where God, and his Angels are said to dwell.

Of the Eclipse.

The word Eclipse, is as much as to say, want of light, as when a thing is darkned, or hid from our sight.

Of the Eclipse of the SUN.

The SUN is said to be eclipsed, when the Moon com∣meth directly between the Sun and the Earth, or our sight: And the reason why we have not an Eclipse of the Sun, every new Moon, is because the Moons latitude carries her beyond the Bounds, in which an Eclipse hap∣pens (that is when she is somewhat far distant from the Head and Tail of the Dragon.

Of the MOON's Eclipse.

The MOON is said to be eclipsed when the dark Body of the Earth comes directly between the Sun and Moon, and so hindreth the Beams of the Sun from the Moon: and thus the Eclipses of the Sun and Moon are caused, as by the Figures thereof, at the lower end of this Map doth appear.

Of the effects of the Eclipses.

When there happens an Eclipse of the Sun or Moon if Mars shall be Ruler thereof, he signifies house∣burnings and quarrels, &c. If Saturn be Ruler thereof,

he signifies overflowing of Water, Earth-quakes, Famine, and dangerous diseases. If Venus or Jupiter are Rulers, they signifie plenty of all things. Hermes saith, If there happen two Eclipses in one moneth, they signifie many troubles and controversies. But we must not be over-curious in the search, (nor too confident in the event) of things. For that secret things belong unto the Lord, and revealed unto us, Deut. 29. 29.

Of the Blasing Stars or Comets.

They are flames drawn into the higher parts of the Aire: which come by driness, and long quietness in the Air: and signifie corruption in the Aire to follow, and are either signes of Earth-quakes, and dearth of Corn, or Wars, and dearth. There hapned one in the year 1618 from the 18 of November, to the 16 of De∣cember following, it was seen all over Europe.

Of the Firmaments, and Constellations.

The two Hemispheres in the middle of the Map, one above, and another below, filled with shapes or pi∣ctures, of men, beasts, birds, fish, and the like, embost with Stars, to shew the names of the several Stars, and other things, to large for present discourse, and hard to be understood by ordinary capacities.