Platerus golden practice of physick: fully and plainly discovering, I. All the kinds. II. The several causes of every disease. III. Their most proper cures, in respect to the kinds, and several causes, from whence they come. After a new, easie, and plain method; of knowing, foretelling, preventing, and curing, all diseases incident to the body of man. Full of proper observations and remedies: both of ancient and modern physitians. In three books, and five tomes, or parts. Being the fruits of one and thirty years travel: and fifty years practice of physick. By Felix Plater, chief physitian and professor in ordinary at Basil. Abdiah Cole, doctor of physick, and the liberal arts. Nich. Culpeper, gent. student in physick, and astrology.

CHAP. I. Of Deformity.

The Kinds of Deformity.

BY Deformity we here mean, the Destruction or Perver∣sion of the Naturall Form of the Parts of the Body; and this comes to pass, when the Parts of the Body are divided either in respect of Quantity, as number and magnitude, or of quality and uncomly Figure, and so be∣come deformed by these organick Diseases. As to disco∣louring we shall speak of that in the Chapter of disco∣loration. But if the parts swell any other way, or any thing groweth unto them, or if they be consumed, these shall be described in the proper Chapter of Extuberance and Con∣sumption; but if these be within the Body, as Galen writes of a double Porus cholidocus, others of one Kidney, of the want of a Liver or Spleen, or the like Diseases in Number Magnitude or Figure, by which the Body is over large or decayed, if they be within the Body, and not be seen they shall not be spoken of, in this Chapter of Deformi∣ties, but in the Chapter of Actions hurt, and though ex∣ternall Deformities do often hinder these Functions, yet because they appear more to the Eye we shall speak of them in this Chapter only.

Many Deformities are in the Body from number abounding, some come from the Birth which if they are great are called mon∣strous, as when two bodies are borne knit together in divers parts. I have seen a Man which carri∣ed with him another of the same bigness compleate in all his Members, except the Head which was as it were graf∣ted to the Neck into his Breast, and he lived so from his birth a long time in very good health. The like unto which Stumpifius in his Helvetian Histtory saith he saw. I also upon the fourteenth of August Anno 1645. saw na∣ked in mine own house, another, who had his Brother hanging a little below his left Pap, fastned unto him by his breast, he had a great Head, with much curled Hair, his Eye-brows moved, but never opened, his Mouth was open and alwayes full of stinking slimy Flegm, his hinder part of his Head fell down to his. Brothers belly, his Face being upwards his Breast was crooked and the Ribbs plain to be seen, and bent like the Keele of a Ship outward, his Shouders were very deformed, both his Arms trembled and were bent backwards his left Hand had the three last Fingers; his right, a great Thumb and two Fingers, that next to the Thumb was least and grew thereto, from his left side his left Thigh hung downwards bowed, with a short crooked Foot, and onely four Toes, his Heel being turned outwards, you might plainly have perceived his right Foot to be inclosed in his Brothers left Thigh, as if he had two thigh bones, between the Thighs were the But∣tocks and a cleft but not open, his brother cloathed him with a shirt doublet Breeches and Stockings. This Mon∣strous man, was very active, of good Habit of body, well coloured, witty, long winded, he told me he was Son to a noble Merchant of Genua, his Fathers Name was Baptista Collaredo and Mothers Belerina Fraginetta, of the Family of the Forum Julianum; and because his Parents and the Priests saw that he was a double Man, he was baptized by the Name of Lazarus and John Baptist he was then twenty eight years of Age, when I heard from him and saw these things.

Histories also witness that some are born with double Members, Heads, Arms, and Feet and other lesser parts, it is usuall to see six Fingers upon a Hand, two Thumbs one lesser growing to the greater; somtimes six Toes upon one Foot and seven upon a∣nother, some have three Stones one Cod, (these are called Triorcheis) and this is very probable to be as well as in other parts of the body: but this I have found by Experience, to be a hard excrescens growing to the se∣menaries being insensible, but like a stone.

The Teeth do not alwaies keep the same number, some have two ranks of Teeth beneath which doth not deform or hinder.

Hairs because numberless, are disorderly when they are in places improper for them and so are a Disease in num∣ber increased; but when they abound they are a Disease in magnitude increased, where we shall treat of them, be cause then hairs do not grow anew, but they which were before in the Pores, (for there is no Pore but hath a hair in it) hidden and concealed, do then grow manifest.

The greatest and most usuall Desormities are in the deficiency of number, as when some Instruments are wanting in the birth: as we have seen some monsters wanting both Arms, who have written and done other things with their Feet instead thereof, as I saw Anno 1652. Nov. 29. a Woman born without Arms, which gave her Child such and car-, ried it like a Nurse, making also divers things with her Feet and with more dexterity then many could do with their hands. Her Name was Maudlin Rudolphs of Thuinbut, in the chief City of Sweedland being above sorty years of age, and the year after February 20. I saw one that way a crooked Dwarf born without Arms, that exercised all things with his feet which were to be done with hands with dexterity to the admiration of the Beholders, his Name was Theo∣dorick Stieb of Vienna an Austrian. These are rare, but the number of the parts is more usually by chance then by birth, as by imputation which happens to parts that are most extended, as have Feet, Fingers, Nose, and Ears, or when the Eyes are put out or flesh is lost from them, which is called Rhyas. Hither may be referred gelding, which though it be not in an apparent part and brings no Desormity apparent, yet because when both Stones are cut out, other Deformities follow, especially if it be done in Youth, which will declare them to be Eunuches, as a womanlike voice, want of a beard, so it causeth Deformity apparent.

The Teeth are often defective in number, not only in age which is common to all, but many loose their fore teeth, which is an un∣comely sight when the Mouth is open, but this is no defect in Children for they will have others suc∣ceed. The grinding teeth are also often taken out for Rottenness by which their number is fewer.

We have observed that the whol Nailes both of Toes and Fingers have fallen off of their own accord, and sometimes others have grown up and sometimes not, these are difficultly ta∣ken of by force.

The loss of Hair is usuall, especially in the Head, where being longest they cause the grea∣test Deformity being wanting, as when there is Baldness all over, this is ordinary to old and sometimes it befalls young People.

The Disease called Alopecia, is a falling of the hair from some long and violent dis∣ease aforegoing, leaving the head bald in divers parts or equally about the hinder part of the Head and the Temples when it comes from the Pox, or when two bald places reach on both sides from the hinder part of the head to the fore-head as in Ophiasis.

The same happens to the Beard, the hair falls off inor∣dinately and leave it thin or the Chin bare, and this is when the hair of the Head falls most usuall, and it is so with the Eye-brows and Eye-lids: and especially in an E∣lephantiasis or Leprosie, the same sometimes befalls all o∣ther hairy Parts.

The Deformity which is from magni∣tude increased hath two kinds, first the in∣crease of parts beyond their prescribed bounds which is commonly originall and this sometimes happens to the whol bo∣dy, not when one Man is bigger then any in that Coun∣try with Proportion and strength agreable without impe∣diment, this is not I say preternaturall, but when the body is so excessive long or big as the party is burdened there∣with and cannot exercise his functions, deforming rather than setting forth the structure. Such monsters are somtimes seen and I saw a wench in Durner in Basil, not five years old bigger then any ordinary fat Woman.

The parts also of the Body are often bigger then ordinary and so bring De∣formity and hinder action; some are born with too big a Head, some where∣of we find to be fools, some have Necks, Feet, Fingers disproportionable, a long Nose, broad Ears, great Eyes, long and large Teeth, especially when one Tooth groweth into the cavity of the opposite Tooth whith is lost, hitherto belong the over large Orifices a wide Mouth, Nostrils, and other parts too large, these are Deformities but not Diseases except they hinder actions, as when the Tongue is so big they cannot speak, and Nayles so thick that they cannot take up small things; be∣sides which fault if they grow too long they are inservicea∣ble, this is rather from neglect of cutting then any other thing. The like may be said of Hair if it grow too long for want of trimming, either in parts where it usually or not usually groweth, as when it covers the Forehead which is vulgarly counted more comely when bare; especially it is counted very unseemly for a Woman to have a beard, in which places if the hair be shaved yet the roots remaining it will grow a∣gain and shew the Deformity, sometimes one are more hairs growing in a Wart, deform the Face, if they grow where hair should not be, as upon a womans Chin resem∣bling a beard.

The other kind of Deformity from magni∣tude increased, eomprehends Carnosity and Fatness, and this is when from the aboundance of flesh or fat, the Body or any parts thereof are so increased, that it lookes not onely unseemly but is slow, heavy and unwildy to perform duties, these are for the most part idle sloathfull and drowsy, and if they be so when yong they live not to be old, as Hippocrates saith fle∣shy Men are shorter lived then lean: this may be in some parts so that a Deformity and an impediment may arise, as when the belly is so fat that it extends it self without mea∣sure, or when the Papps are too large, and cover the whole Breast and would go far∣ther if not restrained, and hinder brea∣thing by their weight: such are those fat Men who have great breasts; and which is more preternaturall, those which have breasts grow very large as well as Toats being men not grown or other wise dispto portioned.

Hitherto may be referred the Sarcomata which are not other but the same Flesh over grown as rank Gums, the Caruncles of the Eyes too large which is called Encanthis. But because these are like the other Sarcomata, they are described in the Chapter of Extuberances.

A Deformity arising from magnitude diminished hath two kinds, as that of magnitude increased. The first whereof if when the wholl body is little from the birth and they continue all their lives like pigmyes, are main∣tained in Princes Courts for admiration being unfit for any imployment by reason of the weakness of body.

The second is when the parts are di∣minished as when the Head is too little as is seen in fools often: when the breast is too straight, by which means they are short winded; and other parts which from their originall have not a due pro∣portion with the rest, if they bring any Deformity or im∣pediment.

Hitherto is referred the straightness of Ori∣fices, as of the Womb the Skin of the Yard (in that Disease which is called Phimosis) when it is too straight so that the Glans cannot be uncovered by reason of the straightness of the praepuce or foreskin.

The greatness of parts is often made less, when some is taken off, and the Members are partly lamed, which brings the more Deformi∣ty, by how much it is more visible as in the Nose and Ears; and the action is most hindered when it happens in a necessary part as the Fingers, which being quite taken off there is a hurt which belongs to those that are in number defective.

Hitherto belongs the want of Papps in Wo∣mens breasts, which is not only unseemly, but hindereth their giving suck.

The consuming of the Gums is under this Head, when the Teeth are bare at the Root, causing them to be loose and fall out.

Hitherto may be referred those Teeth which are shorter then the rest in the same rank, and Nayles when shorter then the flesh, for then they cannot take up small things.

Hairs also when they are so thin and short, as happens when they grow again after fallen off; so that they look rather like wool then Hair. Or if in those parts where they ought to be thicker and longer in due time, as the chin where mans beard should grow hair come forth slowly and make them who are men seem still Children, this is a kind of Deformity: es∣pecially if by reason of Gelding before the beard grew, it never come forth; and they re∣main beardless, it is uncomely and makes them wrinkled in the face as years increase, and as the Comae∣dian saith look like old Women.

The second kind of diminished magnitude is Slenderness, which is opposite to Fatness and Fleshiness, and this is seen in those parts which should be fleshy and are not; and it happens some times to the whol Body, not when it decayeth of which we shall speak in the Chapter of Consumption nor when it is naturally small, for then it is not out of order since lean folks as we shewed from Hippocrates are longest lived: but when it is so lean, that it is ugly to be beheld, and causeth weakness, especially when the Thighs and Arms are withered, the Cheeks fal∣len, the Shouders blades stick out, and the Belly shrunk in. Hitherro is referred the thin∣ness

of Womens breasts which is a Dosormity, not when they are little, for that is accounted an ornament, but when they are lank and hang down this in young Women especially is ac∣counted unseemly.

That Deformity which comes from the undecent figure and proportion of parts is manifold. The first is when the Figure is altered in number and magnitude, chiefly from inequality: sometimes from the Birth sometimes by acci∣dent. As when the Head is too sharp poin∣ted or otherwise deformed, the Forehead wrinkled, the Nose crooked the Mouth and Lipps awry, or any other part is dispropor∣tioned. To describe all these punctually would be very superfluous, and ask much labour.

Hitherto may be referred the over curling of Hair like black Moors, which if a little cur∣led is an ornament, and hair hanging straight down is unseemly; also Nayles if wrinkled and standing forth are ugly.

The second kind of the Figure of parts de∣formed, is when that continuity by which they ought to be united is divided, or the connexion dissolved. This we spake of con∣cerning wounds and ulcers, but if after Cure the same Division and separation remain which spoils the Figure and Proportion, that may be referred to this Head.

As also the which comes from the birth. A∣mong which is the hair Lip when the upper Lip is divided originally called in dutch Ha∣senscharten from the hare, whose Lip seems na∣turally divided as if cut, this deformeth the Mouth by making the Teeth alwaies appear.

Hitherto may be referred the inequality of Teeth when they are broken and rotten, by which Women seem uncomely. To this the Poet alludes in his Remedy against love.

If Teeth shee want then cause her often to laugh.

This is worst when the teeth are black, and when there are only stumps remaining.

The Nayles having continuity divided bring Desormity, especially in the hands be∣cause most visible, and this is worst if it go not away as the Nayles grow and are cast off; Roughness and corrosion is worst when the Nayles are black and blew or too thick; to this head may be referred, the cleaving or clifts of the Nayles when they are divided long wayes or transverse, these are the signs of Elephan∣tiafis French Pox and the like.

Also the fissure or cleaving of hair in the head or beard is uncomely, because it causeth ine∣quality and folding, especially if many be so cloven.

To these are added those deformities which proceed from the scarse Skin separated from the Skin, not as they cause pain but uncomli∣ness, of which we speak concerning excoriation and gal∣ling: they are called Furfures because they fall off as dan∣drow from the Head scratched or combed. This if usuall, and falling thick upon the cloaths, is a Deformity especial∣ly if it fal from the beard or Eye-brows, or from other pla∣ces where hair groweth not.

Hitherto, is referred the Disease in French called Pelatella, as when the skin is unequally divided in the Palm of the Hand, and full of Scales, which though it itch not they are alwaies pic∣king which is noysome.

Those Deformities which come from the dissolved connexion of parts, if thereby the part be wholly taken off, they belong to the Diseases of number deficient: but if they still stick to the Body, they belong to this kind, as when the Teeth are loose and bare at the Root and will not be sastned to the Gums.

The third kind in which the Figure and proportion of parts deformed, is when parts that should be divided, con∣tinue and grow together as comes to pass by birth as well as by accidents di∣vers waies, by which the Functions are hindered, as when any Orifices are clo∣sed as the Nostrils, Lipps, Eye-brows, Fundament. Womb, the hole of the prepuce, when either by birth or other ac∣cident, breathing, eating, seeing, evacuation or generati∣on is hindered. As also the glewing together of some parts, though it be not hurtfull, it is ugly, as when two Toes grow together, which often is from the birth, but it is less offensive then the growing together of the Fingers.

To this preternatural continuation of parts, may be referred that by which the parts are conjoyned, so that they cannot be separated. As when from a Convulsion the Mouth continueth clo∣sed, which because it rather hinders and takes away acti∣on then deformeth, shall be mentioned in hurt Action. Hitherto belongs the mutuall and close intrication of hair which cannot be separated, but is like a love-lock which the Germans cal Scherletin Sopf because it is supposed to be done by the fayries and the incubi.

The fourth kind of Deformity in Figure, is when the scituation of a part is perverted or transmu∣ted, and one part inclined or translated into an other, by which the continued Figure of the Member is destroyed.

Such is that which happens to the Feet, when they bend inward or outward. And that in the Toes, which are continually used to straight Shoes, and so in time are bent awry, and some∣times laid upon the Foot. As also abreviation, elongation and crookedness of Members from luxations and breaking of Bones in divers parts belong hereunto: these spoil the Figure of the part as well as hinder the Functions.

But chiefly Crookedness of back which destroys not only the shape of breast and back, but makes the whol bo∣dy short, crooked and unhansome, brings Deformity to Mankind.

Hitherto may be referred the Rupture or Falling of En∣trals into the Cod, or other parts, causing Deformity. But because then the tumour and falling forth is rather to be thought upon then the desormity, it shall be spoken of in Diseases of Excretion, in Extuberances, Tumors, or things thrust forth of the Body.

Also to this Deformity which comes from the perversion or altering of the scituation of parts; belongs, Eyes sticking forth, or prominency so called, when the Eyes are too much outward; and yet without offence or hurt, but yet uncomely whether it be from birth or accident. Also here we may comprehend the looseness of Teeth especial∣ly those before. We have seen some who could bend the whol row of Teeth before, foreward.

Also Teeth hanging forth, though fix∣ed, are unseemly, and when they are not placed even, and Nayles also when out of place or moveable, though they presen∣tly fall not, yet are a Deformity.

The Causes of Deformity.

All the immediate Causes of the Deformities mentio∣ned, depend either upon adherent, as adventitious causes;

those are inherent which come from the birth, as we have declared and they consist either in number or magnitude abounding, or deficient; or in uncomly shape, when parts are not rightly proportioned or divided, or when they are continued or grown together.

And this comes chiefly from the seed of the Parents, of which all parts are made, and Child∣ren sometimes resemble the Fa∣ther somtimes the mother in like∣ness and sex; and if the seed be unclean, not only the externall members of flesh and skin receive the same, but also the hair and the Nayles; because as I have shew∣ed in my Anatomy, they are carti∣lagenous parts, neither do they come from Excrements, as is the vulgar Opinion of hair: but from that seed in the first procreation, as is to be seen in Infants or Embryons. But after what manner the Father or Mothers seed should propagate these Deformities to their Children, is a hard Question, nor otherwise to be defined, but from some in∣decent indisposition of the Seed, which coming from all parts, it receives from the corrupt; and as they offend in figure, magnitude or number, so doth it impress the same in the Childs formation, in the same parts, producing ei∣ther the like in part of the same Deformities. But this doth not alwaies happen, that when any parts exceed or are defective in number or magnitude, the Child should have the same, for often children have their Members com∣pleat, which the Parents have wanted by birth or by am∣putation; though in some they are weaker. But in the hair of the Head and beard, we see often that they are more or fewer, thinner or thicker, and of divers colours like their Parents in the Children, as we shall shew in the Chapter of discoloration. And it is plain that it comes from the Seed, and is hereditary because black Moores have black and curled hair all by Nature, and the cause is the Seed which produceth an obliquity in the Pores of the Skin, so that the hairs which comes through those Pores not directly but obliquely, are curled, so doth the Seed cause these matted locks which some have by the formati∣on of the Pores, when many oblique Pores are joyned to∣gether in the skin, from whence grow more hairs in a lit∣tle place, being curled and wound together, and they are born so.

It may also come from the plenty of Seed, that more and greater parts then are needfull be produced as the contra∣ry from the defect thereof which as it may be in any part, so in the Teeth and Hair that they may be more or fewer. Also the Child may have an unnaturall shape from some other transmutation and commixion of Seed, as by the commixion of two seeds conceived, and their mutuall concretion in certain places, (except they be separated) it may chance that two Children may be brought forth of divers figures: which permutation and commixion of seed, as it may come from divers causes, so from some im∣pression which the Mother conceives either in time of con∣ception, or when she was great with child, from fear or o∣ther affection, or from strong meditation or imagination. As she which being great with child and longeth for some kind of meat which is not fit, produceth a Child which deformity either in number, magnitude, or figure. By which means sometimes it hath as it were new parts resembling others, or something resembling the thing described; ad∣hering to the body from the birth. And among others, we have seen a child have hairs like those of a Mouse upon the Thighs, because the mother being great, strook upon that part with her hand when she drove away a mouse. Many monstrous births have been by these means, which happened from imagination divers wayes, so that Chil∣dren are many times unlike their Parents, because in the time of conception, and when the Woman is great, they have thought upon other people.

This diffimilitude or unlikeness is more incident to be from mankind then any other creature, because it is sub∣ject to more intent and strong meditation and phansie, o∣ther creatures only exercise their senses or things before their Eyes in the time of copulation, and so cause a resem∣blance in shape and colour: as we shall shew in the Chap∣ter of discoloration.

Some originall Deformities may arise from the Mothers blood be∣cause the child is there with nouri∣shed while it is in the womb; not such as are in number of parts in∣creased or diminished; (because e∣very part proceeds from the seed,) but such as are in magnitude exceeding or defective, or in uncomely figure or shape. These Deformities come from the Mothers blood either being too much or too little, or from the change or commixion of the same, as we shall de∣clare when we speak of internall causes.

Divers kinds of deformities come from externall causes as when any hurt or wound divideth the continuity of parts and so spoils the shape, if it be in a sensible part and causeth pain: we have spoken to them in the discourse of pains. Also an unseemly figure may come from an out∣ward force which dislocateth the parts, or breaketh them in regard that there is then a loss of motion in the part, we have spoken thereof in the Chapter of immobility where we spake of Luxations and Fractures.

Other deformities of this kind which are in number magnitude and figure come from divers causes either in∣ternall or externall.

The distempers and faults of the parts which produce deformity from exter∣nall causes come after divers manners: as when by a wound they are cut off or lamed, either by chance, or by chyrur∣gery through necessity for preserving life, as when the parts are consumed by an Ulcer, by exulceration, or often rubbing or when the dead part is cut off in a Gangren; or when in a Rupture the Stones are cut off as sometimes they are, or when the continuity is dissolved by wound, and the wound healed there remains a separation of the parts, or when by exter∣nall force, the Teeth either through pain, or other affliction are pulled out. The hair falls either by acci∣dent externall or by industry, or by Disease called Tinea. The Eyes by violent passion, sometimes thrust forth themselves. Or when by ma∣stichation and biting of hard things, especially if of long continuance, the Jaws are separated from the Teeth; by which the Roots of the teeth being made bare, they are less firm then before; and sometimes fall forth, especially the Foreteeth, having but one Root, when others will scarce fall out except there be an attenu∣ation of the Roots, as we see in dead mens Skulls the Teeth firm and unmoveable when all the flesh is gone. The teeth also are broken by strong biting of Bones cracking of Nuts, &c. It often falls out that they which pick their Teeth with a Kinves point from a foolish custome, very often, do not only take away their smoothness, and make them rough, but wear away their substance by continuall scraping.

As the other cause was violent, so may often use of very hot Meats, so burn the teeth that they may be dryed up at the Roots and be no longer firm, but very loose in their places, and then they offend in scituation, or in number if they fall out from that cause. Or, if by the same Heat of meats the hard substance of the teeth be over dryed, and at length burnt they fall out, or some part crumbles of, and the rest remains broken and weak, or

they become hollow.

And this is the usuall cause that young people have so many hollow and unsound teeth, especially when they eat very hot meats and broaths, which least they should burn their mouths they commonly blow upon first. This is the chief cause why our Germans which love hot broaths so much, have sooner bad Teeth then other people: which is imputed through ignorance to defluxions of Rheum when as we shewed in the pain of the teeth, defluxions cannot fall upon the substance of the teeth. The swallowing of hot meats and presently drinking cold Drink thereupon while the teeth are hot which many have used from their Infancy, causeth teeth to rot and fall out, before they are old, or at least by the sudden change of heat into cold to turn back.

From the like Heat the Roots of Hair being dryed and extenuated, the hair can no longer stay in its Pores, but fall out by the least combing; this is caused by hot water or fire coming to near, therefore when they have killed a Swine they use hot Water to take off the hair, and to take off the Feathers from Poultery, by which means the Roots of the Quills are so dryed that the Feathers fall off; and some loose their Hair after the same manner, provided that there be not such a heat as to stop the Pores and astring the Skin so that they must come both off together; as it often befalls them that dress Hogs with too hot water, this mistake is called in dutch Berbruen, these are the causes, neither can hair fall by moistning the Skin and opening the Pores only, except the water be ve∣ry hot, though it be long used with a moderate heat it will not do the like, and after the other way the teeth will al∣so come forth.

Also Nayles and beasts Hooses with greater heat will come off.

The tender parts may be consu∣med by knawing and rotting Medi∣cines as the Jaws and flesh in the Eyes &c. and there are things cal∣led Psilothra or Depilatoryes which take away hair by Art; these do it rather by consuming the Roots of the hairs then by opening the Pores.

Some of the Deformities mentioned come from internal causes namely, from divers Humors and Diseases or by one part forcing another, as I have shewed, as by Blood, since the parts are not only nourished and augmented by it so long as a Man groweth, but after whatsoever is consumed is restored by the same. And this consuming of parts comes from the Blood divers waies, either in respect of its Quantity and the Fatness of the parts; if the Blood a∣bound in quantity it makes the parts too fleshy by too much Nourishment, and this is not only when Bodies are growing but af∣terwards, and then they grow exceed∣ing fleshy, and if this come not heredi∣tary from the seed and blood of the Parents it must needs come from Blood. Hence it is that plethorick Bodies are so carnous or fleshy, of which Ple∣thory or Fulness as there are divers causes, so often and plentifull feeding is not the least. This Appetite is stirred up by exercise of body, because by that Meat is quickly distributed; therefore Men that exercise moderately grow fleshy and gross, as it was with the wrestlers in old time. Rest also which is the contrary may cause the same, for they which are idle and sedentary, and given to much eat∣ing, seeing they spend little of the substance of their Bo∣dies, and still are devouring grow very big and gross. This grossness may also come from the suppression of Na∣turall Evacuation of blood. Hence Women at that time when their courses leave them, although formerly when they had them constantly and nourished their Children they were lean and slender, grow very corpulent and gross. From these causes you may gather that as from the aboundance of Blood flesh is pro∣duced so by the want hereof there is Leanness and Slenderness.

But as the blood causeth flesh to be more or less so it maketh some parts to be greater or lesser, as when the Juyce made thereof, is more proper or less agreeable to such a part. This is so in that time wherein peo∣ple grow as then both soft and hard parts as bones in∣crease, but after only those parts increase which are decreased by externall injuries, as in the teeth Nayles and Hair, but after a di∣vers manner, for in the Teeth if one be not worn away by ano∣ther which is opposite, in chaw∣ing, then the nourishing juyce a∣bounding makes the tooth that hath no opposite to grow longer then the rest; but in the Nayles and Hair if they have too much Nourishment, they grow not only soon longer but thicker. The cause of Nayles growing so, is strong motion about the Roots thereof, when the Hands are often violently exercised and there is an extraordinary attraction of Juyce, hence is it that labouring Men have thickest Nayles. This also may come by often paring, especially if before they be bathed in warm water, for then the juyce attracted makes them by degrees more thick. The same is in hair which when it first comes forth like down upon the Chin if it be often shaved growes apparently thicker and longer. It may also happen that from the defect of that juyce which nou∣risheth Nayles and Hair, that that which growes after cut∣ting is thinner then the former. But it is more usuall that they should fall from the dryness of the Roots for want of Nourishment, especially hair, wherefore when Medicines are made for growing of hair they attract juyce by their heat, as we shall shew in the Treatise thereof, by which the Root is mantained, for the want of juyce is the cause of baldness; for though hair grows upon the Skin of the head and continue some time there, yet after some long before aged, some at the aproach of old Age grow bald, because the Head grows less fleshy and is made up of bones, skin and membranes, therefore that part is soonest dry, and so becometh bald. This may come also from ex∣ternall injuries which dry the body, as from internall Cares, from which Histories mention that Men have not only become gray suddenly by drying the hair, but also bald by drying up the Moisture. In other parts of the Body, as the Nayles if from the same juyce which nouri∣sheth other extuberances arise, in regard they are tumors we shall speak of them in their order.

There is also another Fault in the figure of parts from the aboundance of Nourishment, for by the nourish∣ing juyce, some parts that ought to be disjoyned are united; for if the Skin be taken off, and parts by Na∣ture separated be laid together, the juyce which cometh forth from both will unite them: for this like Glue, conjoyneth wounds and bones.

If the Blood be fat the body is sat, if lean it is lean, for seeing all blood consists of a fat matter, as Milk of a buttery matter, and that by sweating from the Veins in the membranous parts and not by congealing through cold as it was supposed, in regard the Body is alwaies actually hot inwardly, but of its own Nature grows together, being separated from the Blood, and so joyns to the Members as Glue increasing the sub∣stance of the Body; as there is more or less of it in the Blood so there is more or less of it gathered together for the increase of the Body, from which cause rather than from Flesh are bodies greater or less: but this happens not to the whol Body but to those places in which Natu∣rally fat is used to be more then in others, as in the Belly

and breasts of Women &c. The reason why there is more or less fat in Blood is from the quantity of blood, for in much blood there must be much Fat, and hence Bodies grow more fat and fleshy, or more lean and thin. But if Blood, not only in regard of its aboundance hath much Fat in it, but also of its own Nature, though it abound na∣turally in quantity, be over fat, which appears by that which swims at the top after it is taken out, which the vul∣gar Chyrurgions call Flegm, then those Bodies are more fat than fleshy, which Fatness comes not only from the constitution which is inclinable thereunto, but from eat∣ing fat Meats with which some are much affected.

Also divers kinds of Deformities proceed from Humors and Diseases, as Diseases of number deficient, if not from externall causes, as in Ulcers some parts are consumed by suppu∣ration and corruption; which as in other parts, so in the Eyes and Nose, and Gums, which usually are separa∣ted from the teeth by the gravell that grows underneath upon them, and by which they are hindered from uni∣ting together. Also the Loosness and Falling of teeth, comes from a De∣fluxion into the the holes where they are set, which moistneth and loosneth the Fibres and Membranes by which they are knit. And also when any corrupt Humor is in the places where they are set, it causeth them to fall out by corroding of their Roots. As we have observed in great Diseases, that the Teeth have afterwards fallen out. And in the Pox by the use of Quick-silver af∣ter a Flux of spitting, the teeth have been loose and sometimes fallen out.

Also the Falling of hair come from Diseases and evill Humors, when the roots are dried or made less and consumed thereby. This comes from burning Feavers, which do not onely dry the Body, but the Roots of the Hairs which are soft, and so they are attenuated and con∣sumed, as we may observe in the declination of Feavers; In the Alopecia and Ophiasis, when evill Humors are gathered about the Pores of the Skin, they eat and con∣sume the Roots of the hair, and make them fal: this they do by their sharp∣ness and maglignity; and not by loos∣ning them with their moistness as some suppose, because such Humors as are only moist and not malignant and sharp, do never cause Falling of Hair. Which Humors as they may come from divers causes so especially they be sent thither by an acute Disease, and by Heat the Root of the hairs may be dried, which may cause the Falling of hair. And it is manifest that this comes from malignant Humors, because in those Diseases which are venemous and fix more upon the Skin then upon other parts, and produce divers Deformities thereon, as in the Elephantia∣sis and French Pox, the hair chiefly falls away in those places whereunto the Humors have most resorted.

In the Nayls also, as we have said since they are of the same cartilagi∣nous Substance with the hairs, and stick only to the Skin as they do, the same thing may happen: and may suffer from the same causes, with the hair, and fall wholl off from the Fingers, but more sel∣dom, because they are Naturally more firm: yet somtimes from the heat of a Feaver they grow dry about the Roots, or partly consume: and after when the Feaver is gone they grow again with an Impression upon them and a kind of separation.

Also from an evill quality such as takes away hair in the Elephantiasis and French Pox, the Roots of the Nayls may be infected, and receive such a blemish, by which though they fall not off alwaies, as hair doth, or be consumed, yet they may have such a filth that they may appear ugly and deformed thereby.

Also the number of parts is dimi∣nished by another part thrusting off the former; as in the teeth, which in young people grow up by degrees till they throw out the old. This is also but seldome in Nayls, a new growing will cast off that which is above, and this is from aboundance of Moisture.

The Cure.

That Deformity which ariseth from number abounding if it come from the Birth, either in the body or any Member and cause no impediment, in regard it can∣not be cured but by cutting off, must not be attempted, except it may be taken off without danger of life or lame∣ness, But if it hinder not much and may be taken off without danger, then you may adventure; as when there is a Tooth too many, which hinders chewing, which is sel∣dom, you may pull it out. A sixth finger being yet small and weak may be taken off with a Raysor or Pincers, which done, as we said in wounds, you must presen∣tly stanch the blood, and cure it ac∣cordingly.

If any parts be wanting either from Birth or chance, as when the Stones are cut out, they can no waies be re∣stored, neither in Man or Beast, as they may in Plants whose branches being cut off grow a∣gain, Nature doth this but not Art. Therefore here is no need of a Physitian but for the preventing of the perishing of a limb by keeping off external injuries, and diverting of other Causes.

Yet there are some who rectifie Deformities, by artificiall Instru∣ment, to supply parts that are lost; make new Feet, Arms, Hands ar∣tificiall, which are sometimes so flexible by Joynts that they afford some use for going and holding. That horrid deformity of a lost Nose, is repaired by a painted one: and I have seen an Eye so artificially made of Ivory, to be taken out and put in again without pain, and constantly to be worn so that none could imagine it to be other then a true Eye, on∣ly it moved, not and the place was moister.

The teeth falling by chance or other∣wise, in Infants, while the Roots remain, or by Reason of new Teeth which thrust out the first which are without Root fast∣ned in the holes, but held by only a membranous Sub∣stance, in Children about six or seven years of Age, and in Horses and other Creatures, about three, four or five years of age by which we know their Age, is repaired by Nature and others come in their Rooms: but if this chance to people in years, when the Roots are fixed, which are also carried away when the tooth falls or is drawn out, or if any stump remain it is unprofitable, and they cannot grow again. I knew one who is now alive, who is as a rare Example, being a Man, that had two new grinders in the place of teeth that were before plucked out. And although while they are sound, the teeth grow as they are worn a∣way: yet when they are rotten and taken out, they will not grow again. Yet this defect, when one or two teeth are wanting, which causeth Deformity if from before, may be supplied with artificiall teeth made of bone, which I have

known some constantly to wear; and they have not been discoverable from true.

The want of Hair, being a Disease in number deficient, when the Roots are gone cannot be repaired, because it is impossible to restore any part of the Body being quite taken away. Also when the Pores of the Hairs grow together, that defect cannot be cured. Wherefore in a true Baldness, and Scar in the Skin, or when the Pores any waies unite, or in an Alopecia, when the hairs are gone at that Root, to labour to restore them is to wash a black More white.

But in the want of hair, when they are so fallen that none appear, yet if the Roots and Seeds remain, then they may be restored by Art, or grow a∣gain of themselves. But if this defect be in magnitude wanting, as we said, when the hair grows no more, as in Eunuchs, or slowly the Pores being little, as in some, this cannot be cured by Art; in others it is difficult to be at∣tempted, though divers things are used, yet the success is slow and not before Nature attempts it of her own accord.

In the Cure of these defects, a prognostick being alwaies presupposed, leaving that which is desparate we must be∣gin the Cure of the rest at the cause which is first to be re∣moved, whether externall or internall if it come from e∣vill Excrements which must be evacuated by purging, or by the habit of the Body; then we must proceed to topi∣call Medicines to the part fit for the Generation of hair.

If it come from evill Juyce the cause must be purged a∣way, and that which is in the Blood must be clensed, and the evill Concoctions amended, and good Blood be produced for nourishing the wholl Body, and also for the Hair; which purges if they be often and strong, by draw∣ing from the Habit of the body, the cause that corrupts the hair, and the malignant quality in the French Pox, will cure both the falling of Hair and the Disease that causeth it.

Purges are to be administred according to the Excre∣ments that abound: and because these sharp and salt Hu∣mors are carried with blood and water by the Veins to the Pores of the Skin, where they destroy the Roots of the hair, let the Purge be proper for these Humors: such as is given against Scabs, Itch, and the ring Worms, in treat∣ing whereof we have shewed divers Forms; as when an evill quality in the French Disease, hurteth the hair, you must use the same Purge which is good against that. Evacu∣ation by the Habit of the body, doth more directly throw off that filth which lyeth at the Roots of the hair; and sweating or breathing by insensible transpiration doth it: but first purge, then sweat, principally in the falling of Hair in the Po•• which comes from Venom, you must cure it by the habit of the Body, and so you will cure the Pox also as we shall shew hereafter, where we shall prescribe divers Sudorificks by things taken in, we can hardly pro∣duce Hair, although it may be done by some things which throw the Excrements to the Skin and this is the judge∣ment of those who think the hair proceeds from Excre∣ments: and therefore they prescribe such things which may effect that. As Figs which by a proper Faculty do send Excrements to the Skin; they conclude them so from the vulgar Opinion that Figs beget Lice which they say come from filth in the Skin caused by Excrements driven thither by the Figs, when the filth that produceth Lice, comes ra∣ther from externall things cleaving to the Skin. The cause of this opinion was; because the seeds of Figs in shape and multitude resemble Lice, and they also crack in the teeth and between the Nayls; others for the driving of Excre∣ments to the Skin to produce hairs give Treacle, by rea∣son of the troches of Vipers which is in it: supposing that Vipers flesh taken into the body, can cast off, as Vipers do their Skins and throw the Excrements to the skin for producing of hair.

It is certain that Treacle by causing sweat, doth rather throw out the Excrements that are about the Skin than bring them thither. And if Vipers flesh can throw off a skin, it will rather drive Excrements from the Body, then lodg them there, as we have showed in the Cure of Ele∣phantiasis. Lastly, since it is certain as we have shewed at large, that Hair is not nourished of Excrements or Va∣pors unknown, much less are they made of the same; but they rather fall away by Excrements when they come to the Roots, and they as other cartilaginous Bodies and Nayls are nourished from the Blood with a Juyce proper for them, we cannot perswade our selves that Excrements being driven to the Skin can produce Hair, but contrary∣wise you may produce Hair better by removing of Excre∣ments and throwing them out of the Body. The chief end in curing fallen hair by the French Disease, is to expel that Venom outwardly by sweat, and so you must do if you will cure any kind of Baldness which comes by congestion of Excrements.

The hair of the Head, Beard, Eye-brows is to be resto∣red by things outwardly applied to the part; such which increase hair by an occult quality as are many things fetcht from living Creatures and known by Experience; or such as be drying and astringent, as most are which are used for this purpose; and the reason is because they dry and make thicker the Juyce that is brought to the Roots of the Hair which makes it a more fit Nourishment for them. Or by such as raise Blisters by drawing the juyce to the Superficies, and apply to the Roots of the hair to nou∣rish the same; of which either single or mixed you may make Medicines for growing of hair.

In the beginning of hairs to fall, to prevent it, and pre∣serve what remains if it be far gone we must mix very strong astringents with the other that the Pores may be closed. And we add stronger dryers and digesters to these, when evill Humors lie about the Roots to destroy the Hairs; some teach that the hair may be preserved from falling in a venemous Disease as the French Pox by using Lenitives as Milk which tempereth the Venenosity. All these Medicines of what kind soever, whether they bring hair again or produce and preserve it, are applyed divers waies, or they are used as washes and Fomentations many made of Plants are diversly applied, as the Root of Wa∣ter lilly, Leaves of Beets, and Coleworts, with Salt, the Daf∣fodill Root, with Vinegar, the Dogs tongue leaves with Swins Grease or the like: and when you will bring Nourishment to the Hair, mix Onions, Garlick Squills and Raddishes, or the Root or Leaves of Crowfoot, or Watercresses, or wild Mustard and the like.

The Pouders of divers Plants are mixed with Honey and Oyls grease, Pitch and Rosin: sometimes to be anointed and sometimes applied Plaisterwise: as the Bark of Reeds, or Roots of Maiden hair, leaves of Godlylocks, Southernwood, Mirtles, Wormwood, berries of Myrtles, Juniper, and Myro∣balans; and to draw them out, the pouder of the Roots of Asarabacca, Hellebore, Thapsia, Rue, the seeds of Mustard, Staphsager, Watercresses, Rocket, Rue, Henbane seeds, with Oyl, of Flower-de-luce, are said to bring hairs on the eye∣brows and Chin. Also the ashes of some of the aforesaid Plants calsined do the same being made into the Form of a Liniment, as the ashes of Hazel Nut shells, also of Southrenwood, Maiden-hair, Goldilocks, Reeds barks or Roots: the Barks of Pine-tree, Roots of Daffodill, Sowbread, Garlick, leaves of Myrtle, Wormwood, Misceltoe, Cypress-Nuts, Date-stones and Line-seed, burnt with Straw, also Barley.

The juyces of Plants either are used alone or mixed as when you will attract, of Onions, Garlick, Squills, Raddish, Thapsia or of Sowbread. When you will dry. The juyce of Reeds, Southrenwood, Docks, Myrtle or Willow-leaves: and of other Plants aforesaid.

Also Aloes dissolved in Wine is very good. Also the Liquor that comes from the stock of a Lenden-tree being cut, is very good: the Milk of Gumsuccory will fetch hair upon the Eye-brows saith Dioscorides.

The water of Honey distilled, sepecially that which is

made of the comb with the Bees in it, adding, Ants and Hog Lice that are sound among stones, is good as also A∣qua vitae. The Mucilage which is expressed or strained from the Roots of an Elm which are first boiled is good also: Honey they say also will bring hair especially honey Anacardinum.

Divers Oyls are for the same use, as that which pressed out of Nuts, Almonds, Peaches, or Nut-kernells, or let Nut. kernels be bruised and applied; also old Oyl Olive or lamp Oyl, or rap Oyl, or that which is distilled of Ju∣niper-berries or Spike; or Oyl of Myrtles Roses in which Southernwood or Coloquintida, have been boiled, and also sort of hot Oyls are used by practitioners, To make hairs longer some have privately used Oyl in which the Roots of Osiers and Embick Myrobalans have been boiled of Gums Labdanum is the best dissolved with Honey, or when hair is to be fastned, with oyl of Myrtles or of Roses or with old Wine and juyce of Myrtles to which somtimes Myrrh is added; also Frankincense, Mastich, Sandarach is and other Gums with Rosin, and when we will attract, we add Euphorbium.

Divers things taken from living Creatures are used to bring hair, as Bees with their combs stamped, or the pou∣der of them or of Waspes; the little Cantharides, which are red and have black spots, and are black bellied which the French call Gellines de nostre Dame, and are found upon the stocks of Trees, being dryed, poudered, and mixed with Oyl of Spike are very efficacious. The pouder of the Cantharides in the Shops are attractive but you must mix them with Oyl of Violets or Almonds, least they ulcerate.

Use the Pouder of Lizards their head and tayle taken off, with Oyl of Yolks of Eggs. The dung of a Mouse with Vinegar, and also other dungs are very attractive. The filth that comes from Bee Hives and the pouder of Bees half or wholly burnt are good with Honey and Oyl of Spike, Juniper or Myrtles or the like; or with Grease of a Bear or the like, or with Pitch and Wax, or with Wine and Vinegar; also ashes of Waspes, Cantharides, Grass∣hoppers, Flies, Hog-lice, of Moles, or of their skins of Mice or their heads, of Hares head of Lizards, Froggs, Horse-leeches, of a Sea-horse, or Sea-vrchin, the Hoofes of a Mule, of Goats, of Bears skins, of a Fox, of a Hedghog, of Snaks skins, of Mans hair, of Bears or Hogs bristles, of Mouse or Goats dung.

Grease is commended especially of a Bear, then of a Mole, of a Spike fish, of a Duck, Goose, Hen, Goat, Hog, Coney, Dioscorides Anoynts, with Oesypus or Grease of Wool. They say that Oyl of Worms increaseth hair, al∣so Oyl of Egs, or that in which Lizards have been boiled. The Mucilage which come, from Snails bruised with some Bees and Waspes: and that Water which runs out when Snails are pricked brings hair upon the Eye-brows. The blood of a Sea-turtle a little dried is commended, also the Galls of Hogs, Goats and Bulls: of earthly things. The Froath of the Sea made hard with the Sun, mixed with Vi∣negar, or the ashes of it; also salt Peter, quick Brimstone, Oyster shell, the pouder of a Grindstone mixed with some sharp Juyces. The Armenian stone or Lapis Lazuli bea∣ten applied with some Liquor fit, brings hair upon the Eye-brows, Lead filed and Antimony mixed into pouder and applyed with Grease is good to bring hair upon the Eye-brows, if not, it doth by blackness keep the want of it from beeing seen, others commend burnt Stibium of com∣pound Applications, to bring hair or to cause a Beard these following are the best: a good Liniment. Take Oyl of Myrtles, and sweet Almonds, of each one ounce and an half, or the barks of the Roots of Canes or Reeds or of Colwort stocks burnt, of Maiden hair or Goldilocks, and of Southern∣wood burnt each two drams, of the heads of Mice burnt and Bees burnt with their Combs one dram and a half, of Labdanum two drams, of Honey one ounce: make a Liniment.

Or take of Oyl wherein Southernwood hath boiled two oun∣ces, of Honey one ounce, of the ashes of Mole skins and Hedg∣hoge one dram, of the ashes of Bees and Waspes half a dram, ashes of Nut shells two scruples, Mice dung one scruple, of Bears Grease one ounce, of Labdanum three drams: mix them for a Liniment. To which add Gallia moschata for the sent, or Musk or Oyl of Cloves. Or,

Take of Oyl of Nuts and Bays each one ounce and an half, Oyl of Juniper-berries ot Spike half a dram, the juyce of Docks and Southerwood or of Myrtles leaves each one ounce: boyl them a little add one ounce and an half of Honey, pouder of Bees half a dram, of Labdanum half an ounce, of liquid Storax a little: it will attract more strongly if you add the ashes of red Cantharides, with black spots half a dram, of the pouder of Cantharides of the shops one scruple. To draw Nourishment to the hair you may make it thus. Take of the Juyce of Raddish one ounce, Juyce of Onions half an ounce, of Honey one ounce and an half, Labdanum two drams, Myrrh one dram, Euphorbium half a dram, of the Sea Foame one dram, or instead thereof one dram, of Samon salt or of salt Peeter, of Pitch or Ro sin be dissol∣ved in Wine six drams: mix them for a Liniment.

When the Eye-brows or Beard salleth this is experienced to restore the hair. Take of Henbane seeds two drams, of Mouse dung one dram, of the pouder of Goldilocks and Nigella seeds each half a dram, of Spikenard half a scruple, of Oyl of Juniper as much as will make an Oyntment: you may make many Oyntments of the aforesaid Simples for the same use.

To preserve the Hair from falling when you are afraid thereof use this. Take of Oyl of Myrtles or of Mastich two ounces. of Labdanum and Hypocizstis or Acacia dissolved in sharp Wine or Vinegar two drams, of Allum or Salt two drams, of Wax as much as will serve to make an Oyntments, or; Take of Oyl of Roses and Quinces each one ounce, of Labdanum dissolved in Verjuyce two ounces, of Mastich one dram and an half, of the pouder of Galls, Cyprus Nuts and Myrobalans each one dram: mix them for an Unguent to these you may add, the ashes of Filbirds, Nuts, and Bees and other dryers above mentioned. If you desire hair to grow again or to come forth, we may use Fomentations, with Liniments before and after or alone; and they are made of the De∣coction of Southernwood, Maiden-hair, Goldilocks, Hore∣hound, Vervain, Myrtle leaves, sour Docks, Rosemary flowers-Chamaepyts or Groundpine, Rosemary topps, and Sage: if the Head be to be washed, Take the Roots of Reeds or bark of an Elme, the herb Ferula if you can get it, Linseed, torrefied and Spikenard according to Dioscorides. And if the Hair sall by reason of bad Humors, we must add those things which clense them away, as Senna, Guiacum, roots of Briony, Wildgourd, Snakeweed, Spinage, Lupins, Beans, Bran, boyl∣ing them to a Lixivium, or make a Lixivium or Lye of the ashes of Juniper, Southerwood, Horehound, Nuts, Almonds, Snails, sometimes adding other ashes as before, and boyl∣ing other things aforementioned in the same; sometimes Fomentations are made of stilled Waters, as of Southern∣wood, maiden-hair, Goldenlocks, with distilled Honey, which you may use with ashes of Labdanum. Also a Water of Lard and Honey with other proper Plants is good. There is another of boys urine, Wine and Milk, distilled in equall parts, to which add Southernwood, and other proper herbs, and sometimes Mustard seed to make it stronger. The ashes of To∣bacco boyled first in Boys urine do cause hair to grow, and kill Lice wonderfully. The urine of a Cow or Mare in which Faenugreek seed hath been boyled is also used. To prevent the Falling of hair, make more astringent Decocti∣ons in sharp Wine or Lye, or ironed Water, leaves of Myrtles, and berries of the same, Elme barks, red Roses, Galls, Cypress Nuts, with other things.

The Falling of hair from the French Pox is cured by a Fomentation of Milk, as we shewed, adding Butter, the Oyl of sweet Almonds and the like Lenients, to attemper the acrimony of the Humor; besides these externall Me∣dicines. That soote which comes from Pine-tree burnt or Frankincense or other Gums especially Storax, which sends a sweet sent, doth cause the growing of hair in the Eye-brows often and hard rubbing of the part while it grows red with the Figg leaves or rough cloaths, helpeth

to cause hair by drawing forth the moisture: or rubbing with sharpe Juyces as of Raddishes, Onions, Garlick, Squills and the like. If the down be first shaved off or the thin hairs very often, it helps much to make them thicker and longer. This will cause the nourishing moisture to come to the part, and the hairs come forth better, this is the best way to produce a Beard, and when hair falls it will grow stronger; the smoothness of the Eye-brows is amen∣ded if with blacking or Soote, with Oyl of Nuts and ver∣nish you make a paint.

When the Body or parts thereof grow too big, or the Orifices too large, if they be originall from the Birth, they cannot be cured: nor can we cut off any thing from a part too large or sew up large Orifices, or conglutinate them, for then they would loose their use, which is of more concernment then Deformity. Yet for to astring some Orifices if they be not too wide by Nature, but caused by Force without Rup∣ture, Women have some Medicines for the externall Orifice of the womb, to make them conceive the better, and to conceal the loss of Virginity, by often applying astrin∣gents which make the parts straighter. A Fomentation or Incession is used for this purpose made of the Decoction of Galls, and Pomegranate peels in Rain or Smiths Water, with red Wine, Vinegar, and Allum: sometimes they add Com∣frey roots, leaves of Sumach, Plantane, Oak, Cypress Nuts, Pine barks and other astringents and sweet sented as Cy∣press, writing Inke applyed with clouts doth strongly a∣string or this following. Take of Pomegranate flowers half an ounce, Mastich or Frankincense and Dragons blood each two drams, of Asphaltum or Mummy Arabick in red Wine and Juyce of unripe Pears or Sloes make a past and apply it, or sprinkle on the pouder of Bole, Galls and Mastich, to which add Antimony and Scales of Iron. To strengthen the Pri∣vities, and help Conception this water is most proper: Take of the great Comfroy roots, Galbanum, Roman Vitrioll, Pine-gum, Ammoniacum, sweet Almonds, Cypress Nists, grains of Sumach, Terra sigillata each equall parts,: pouder them and mix them with Sloe-water, boyl them a little, and with water being warm foment the Privities with a linnen cloath. This following is of the same if not greater Vertue. Take of the leaves of Myrtles, Swine-cresses each four handfulls, of green Medlars, Sloes and Pears each two pugils and an half, of Hens Gizards thirty, distill them in Balneo mariae, and let the Water be put into the Privities with a lock of Wool often. If the Nayls grow continually thick it cannot be cured, for if you shave some from them the next wil be as thick.

But when the Nails are too long, although it be Naturall, in regard they bring Deformity and hinder, they must be cut to the quick, so that they be even with the flesh for to cure long hair. This is done by trimming according to the custome of the Country: but when they grow too long in a place they should not as in the Forehead, or in the upper Lip of a Woman which is usu∣all or upon her Chin which is mon∣strous; or when they are too many in the Privities, then they must be taken and prevented from returning which is most difficult; but it is to be done by outward applications a preparative going before; either by pulling forth, or cutting them off or burning the skin, when there is a Plethory you must prepare by letting blood, if you intend to burn them off, to prevent Inflama∣tion and pain: you must also purge. Some use sweating be∣fore either in a dry Bath or with hot Water, that the Pores being opened the Medicines applyed may have the better Operation. But this is not so necessary because it will be done without; but they do well after to clense the skin from the Liniments and filth especially when they stick fast in the Privities: Topiks are divers, to make the skin clean from hair called Psilothra; this they do by a caustick Power by burning, and if they burn strong as we said of hot water the Roots will be taken off and a Scar will be in the Skin, so that they never will grow again. This is to be done warily and if the place be burnt, cured as a burn. Some Medicines work otherwise then by caustick or burn∣ing, by a secret propriety; which are mixed with causticks to keep hairs from returning: besides these there are some which have an astringent Faculty by which they hinder hair which do drive back the Nourishment. And cheifly to keep hair from growing again, they use Narcoticks or Stupefactives, supposing that they repel them by their great coldness, but they being not cold must do it by another way of Digestion, which we have shewed to be their pro∣perty, or they are used to take away the pain by Causticks, so they were used, mixed with other things at first, and af∣ter they were supposed to be applied for the hindering of that groweth of hair. These Medicines which take of Hair or hinder it from growing, either by way of Oynt∣ment or Pouder are made of the Simples following. First from Plants, as the Roots of Osmund-royall, of Cypress, take off hair according to Dioscorides: the Meal of Lupins with Oyl and Vinegar: the red Berries of Briony take a∣way hair, hence the Plant is called a Psilothron, to which you must add Vinegar when they are bruised, least they cause Ulceration. The juyce of Spurge doth it excellent∣ly, but it inflameth easily, therefore it must be mixed with the white of an Egg or Oyl: the Juyce of the wild Cow∣cumber doth the like: other Juyces keep them from grow∣ing as of Fumitory, Coleworts, especially Narcoticks, as of Henbane, Hemlock and Poppies. The distilled Water of the same doth the like, as also the Water of Stonecrop and Housleek: the water that drops from a Vine that is burnt is good also: also Gum of Ivy dissolved in any pro∣per Water is much commended.

From living Creatures these are good the sea Hare and the Urtica, beaten and laid on saith Dioscorides. Also Ants beaten together with their Eggs are commended if applied. Also Ants Eggs with the Milk of a Bitch or meal of Lupins with strong Vinegar, Moles, green Froggs and Horsleeches poudered, or burned, and applied with Oyl or Grease are also good: also Salamanders and Glow∣worms mixed and beat together with Ants Eggs are of much force: also Swallows Dung and Vinegar: also Batts blood, Ftogs blood, Snails with Vinegar, Moles with Vi∣trioll, Bitchs Milk, Ox Gall, black Chickens and Dogs piss. The Decoction of a Mole with salt Water, till the water be almost gone, takes away hair but brings white in their stead.

Dioscorides commends the Oyl wherein a Salamander of the Sea hath been boiled. They say Salt often thrown upon the Head takes away hair; and the crocus of Iron with Oyl. Of Compounds this following is the best. Take of quick Lime one ounce, of Orpment one dram or one dram and an half, add a little of the white of an Egg and Barbers Sudds anoint the place with your Finger, and a quarter of an hour after wash it with the Sudds, if they go not off, in∣crease the quantity of Orpment, and so continue till you have done it; some mix these with French Soape. The Turks have a thing called Rusma, it comes out of the Earth and is like skales of Iron, but lighter, black and as it were burnt, which is best of all, and the Women use it much as Belloniuc saith, because it makes the parts smooth without burning, leaving no sign of hair; they take the half of this Pouder & half of the Pouder of quick Lime, and steep them in Water and wash therewith, and afterwards in the Bath they wipe the part and the Hairs comes off. This Rusma is a kind of Shoemakers black or vitrioll called Sory or Melanteria, it is like it by Description: other things to take off hair are made thus. Take of unsleked Lime one ounce, of Orpiment half a dram: pouder them and boyl them in water or Lie, then use it: others use the ashes of Harts-horn with as much Orpi∣mens boyled in Rain-water: the Pouder of Orpiment mined

with juyce of Henbane takes off hair and they will not grow again, and the Juyce is to prevent pain. Another; Take of Orpiment one dram, of Gum, of Ivy five drams, of Ants Eggs bruised one spoonefull and mix them with Vinegar; you may add the blood of a Bat or of Froggs, or Juyce of Henbane, least they should grow again; some use the Decoction of Spurge in Vinegar with Quick-lime, and least they should excorias they boyl Mallows therewith or add Milk. This water takes off Hair and keeps it from growing again; Take of salt Peeter eight ounces, of Allnm six ounces: beat them together and distill a water with which wash the part, and when it is dry wash it again. A Lye in which Nettle roots have been boyled, and a rusty Horse-shoe steeped doth the same, if after the part be shaved you wash the place there with thrice every day. To hinder their growing again this is the chief Medicine. Take of the Juyce of the Narcotick herb afore mentioned two ounces, of the blood of a Bat half an ounce and add thereto Gum of Ivy, or half an ounce of the Mu∣cilage, of Fleabane, or of pouder of Ceruse and burnt Lead each one dram. or; Take of Opium half an ounce, of Sanguis Dra∣conis one ounce and an half: boyl them in Vinegar, adding the Juyce of Henbane, a distilled Water of Henbane, Poppy, Hem∣lock, Housleek, and Stonecrop with the bloods afore mentioned and Allum and Vinegar is approved. Hair cannot be pul∣led off, otherwise many together would cause pain, and one by one require much time; therefore a very sticking Plaister laid some time upon the part, and drawn off, will do it; for this purpose. Take of the Rosin of the Fir-tree or of the Larix-tree four spoonefulls, of Mastich poudered as much as a small Nut; dissolve and boyl them a little, alwaies stirring them, and then powr them into cold water and make a Plaister.

It is otherwise made with Colophony and a little Gum Ammoniack or Galbanum, for so the Skin being mollified and enlarged the hairs come forth more easily.

If you add something which will pull hairs forth it will work both actually and potentially as Gum of Ivy or thus,

Take of Pitch half an ounce, of Mastich or Gum of Ivy three drams, of Orpiment one dram and an half: with Rosin make a Plaister.

You may take hairs off with Scissors, but better with a Raysor, first washing with warm Sudds, but then the Roots will appear, and arise suddenly again, and the oftner you shave, the thicker they will grow; therefore shaving will but palliate and not take away this Deformity.

The skin must be a little seared, not to take away the hairs, because they may better be cut away, but to hinder their growth, for so the Roots will be consumed, and the Pores stopped: which as we may do it with Medicines so may we with an actuall Cautery; and this is done with a Plate of Gold burning hot suddenly clapt on, for so though there be a burn, yet after the healing thereof no Scar will remain.

It is better to prevent then take a∣way grosness of Body which is bur∣densome, because a Body that hath been great when made less will be wrinkled, uneven and deformed; as the Breasts when fallen are lank and flaggy, so the Cheeks, Calfes of the Leggs and Belly, if formerly distended, will wrinkle when they are fallen.

But to prevert this burdensome flesh, or to stop it that it proceed no further, we must hinder the increase of that fat which is Naturall in the Blood: first by a more spare Diet, or such as nourish little. But if a more sparing Diet only be used then formerly and it be of good Juyce, there will be rather an increase of better Blood, then a less quan∣tity, which will little avail for abating of flesh. And though a sparing Diet doth abate, in regard men will not long endure it, we shall do little by that means. But if we prescribe a Diet of little Nourishment of Herbs rather then flesh, and water instead of Wine or very thin Wine or other Drink, they shall so grow lean, and this is the best way: great and constant Labour taketh down the flesh and Fat of the Body in time, especially if the Diet afore mentioned be used; but ordnary Exercise makes a better Concoction, and rather increaseth then diminisheth the Flesh.

Great and often Evacuations by which the Blood and nourishing Juyce is taken away from the parts and their increase or groweth hindered, as great Sweats by strong Exercise, or Baths or the like are very proper as Blood∣letting and Cupping which Scarification and often Pur∣ging; which as they are prescribed with good advise, so by chance when there is a Flux of blood, or of Seed by much Venery, or of the Belly, or an acute Disease, corpu∣lency is taken away and the Body made lean. And this will be so also by old Age.

It may also be done by altering Medicines which keep the Body hot and dry constantly, this way will prevent and diminish Corpulency, and the constitution may be thus al∣tered by Diet as well as Medicines, Decoctions are chiefly commended for abating corpulency, as of the Huskes of Fil∣berds boyled in Wine, Roots of Polypody, Avens, wild Cher∣vill: Rosemary with a little Ginger.

Or the distilled Water of these often drunk.

Also Vinegar often drunk doth the same thing.

Pouders made of these things following and taken in Wine are said to do the same, as the seeds of Ash, Hil-wort or Pol-montane, Parsley.

Also Tartar or Wine-leaves often taken, or Gum Sandarath half a dram, with Oxymel, also the Salt of Vipers.

It is said that Pepper often used will cause Leanness.

Pills of bitter things taken every morning half a scruple are good, as of Birthwort Roots, Gentian each one dram, of Mad∣der roots, and tops of the lesser Centaury each half a dram, of Al∣lum one scruple, with Juyce of Polypody or Avens make a mass.

Women which desire to be handsom labour much to hinder their Breasts from being over large, they affect to have them little for Ornament, and fear they will be unhandsome when they are big.

This is done not only by using such means as extenuate the whol Body (which we have declared) but by outward Applications: which by repelling, cooling and binding, or consuming the Nourishment by a digesting and drying Quality, keep the breasts comely.

The same Medicines which we spake of in the Chapter of Milk over flowing, which hinder the coming of it to the brests, or dissolve that which is there, being applied to the breasts will also make them less.

A Fomentation often repeated with a Sponge or Lin∣nen clout, and left at the Breasts till dry will do it. This is made of red Wine, Vinegar, Ladies mantle, Horstail, Myr∣tles, Plantane, Roses, Balm, Mints, Galls, and other astrin∣gents.

Or make it of Sal ammoniack and Allum boyled in Wine.

Stilled Water from the foresaid may be also used with Allum; also a Water distilled of green Pine-nuts: also that which is made by Distillation of Eggs, Allum, and Pouder of Chalk.

Quinces, Apples, green Pears, Medlars, Service-berries, Sloes beaten together with Vinegar, or boyled in it do the same; or boyled with Oyl of green Olives and Galls.

Hemlock fresh gathered beaten by it self or with Vinegar, Henbane leaves, Mints and Balm do the same.

This Plaister following is also good. Take of Mastick and Frankincense each half an ounce, of Galls and Cypress nuts each two drams, of Bole or Fullers Earth or red Okar three drams: pouder them and mix them with the white of an Egg and Vinegar or Honey and so apply them. or,

Take of Pomegranate peels three drams, of Acacia hypocistis or Conserve of Sloes half an ounce: mix them with Vinegar and the Mucilage of Fleabane seed.

Or this Oyntment. Take of Ceruss three drams, of Alaba∣ster or white Wax two drams, of Camphir one dram, of Borax half a dram, of the Infusion of Gum dragant half an ounce, of Oyl of Mrytles as much as will make an Oyntment.

They commend the Pouder of two Whetstones rubbed to∣gether mixed with Vinegar, Dioscorides saith that the Cy∣pruss Whetstone called Naxia, keeps Breasts from growing a Squate or skale Fish laid to the breasts doth the same by astriction.

When the Body or any part is too small by Nature, it cannot be cured, nor a Member restored by an artificiall Instrument, or by making the like, this is a Disease in num∣ber deficient; but that which is deficient in magnitude may be supplyed in some.

When any part of a Member is lost, instead thereof new flesh may be added, which may be fashioned like unto the former; which divers ingenious Chirurgions say they can do when part of the Nose is taken off: first they take away the skin in the extream part of the Nose, then they make a wound in the musculous part of the Arm of the Patient, into which they place the re∣maining part of his Nose having the skin cut off as afore∣said: first putting a Tent in each Nostril, then they bind his Head to his Arm, and so let it remain till the flesh groweth to the Nose, this done they cut off as much of the Arm as is fit to make a Nose, and fashion it like the former and then take the Tents out of the Nostril, and after heal it up. If this may be done by a Nose, why not by other Members, and though this new flesh should serve for no use, yet it would take away Deformity.

To make new Breasts and Papps so that the Child may suck: women use to apply an Acorn cup or half a Nut shell filled with Rosin of the Larix tree: to the place where the Niple is wanting and let it stay on some time.

The Gums being naked as it were without a thick Skin, being worn away may be restored. This is done first by taking away any thing that is rotten a∣bout them, then rubbing them often with Vinegar of Squils, or Oyl and Honey which is stronger, with the pou∣der of Dragon roots and Honey or with Aegyptiacum and Wine, and the like clensers and resisters of putrifaction mentioned in the Ulcers of the Mouth.

Afterwards let them often rub the Gums with drying things that breed flesh and glew the same to the Teeth, as with this Pouder. Take of Orris Root one dram, of the Meale of Oroby two drams, of Frankincense or mastich one dram, of Sarcocol half a dram, of burnt Allum one scruple, of Angeli∣ca Roots for to give a Sent or Cipress roots as Dioscorides will have or Cloves, or of Mosch or Ambergreese a little, so make a Pouder.

Birthwort roots may well be added, but they are bitter, and Mirrhe but it is unpleasant, therefore instead thereof: Take Benzoin or Storax, Sanguis Draconis is good to be mixed therewith and also Blood stone.

The ashes of Pennyroyal are good according to Dioscorides, burnt Harts horn or Ivory and things aforesaid which six Teeth, especially when they are loose by reason of the con∣suming of the Gums: there are also things to rub the teeth mentioned in the Rottenness of teeth, that are good.

Calcine Frankincense and Mastich, and mix them with Ho∣ney, a little pouder of Coral with Salt and Allum, and rub therewith.

The Troches made of Orobus and Honey are used.

The Ponders may be made up with Honey or Oxymel of Squills into Troches, and so dryed and kept for use.

The straigtness of Orifices as of the Womb and Praepuce or Foreskin if it be such, as doth not only bring De∣formity; but hinder Action, is to be dilated by incision. This may be done safely in a Phimo∣sis by cutting off the Foreskin which is usuall in Circum∣cision.

When the womb is too narrow, a divi∣sion made by Infection hath been often practised, though it be more painfull and difficult then the other.

Therefore first you must begin with the safer way of pra∣ctise, by somenting the part with things that loosen moi∣sten and mollifie, as Fomentations and Baths, Oyntments or Pessaries such as are prescribed in the hardness of the womb; which while you use you must put in a Tent som∣what large made of a dry Gentian root or a Sponge tyed close together, that as it swells it may enlarge the Orifice, by often use.

That Leanness which is not by a Consumption but Naturall; is seldom altered. Otherwise flesh or fat may be caused by things that increase blood and nourishing Juyce; as good Diet and rest, Natural Evacuations, Motions of Body and Mind; these will bring a better Habit to the Body.

When Breasts are lank and hang down, they are unseemly, and wo∣men that love to be neate, desire their Cure; this is done by applying things that make them harder and firmer, such astringent and drying things which we said would hinder the growth of Breasts.

When parts are disproportioned and cause Deformity, besides what is from number or magnitude, of which we have spoken, as a Head, Nose or Mouth imshapen, if they be so Naturally, they are incura∣ble as also the Teeth and Nayls.

If the Hair be too curling and much, we cut it off, if little pluck it out; but this being not very unseem∣ly is not to be tampered with, except it be troublesome, as when in the Eye-brows and from thence they bend into the Eyes.

These hairs are to be rectified by often touching them with the slime of a Snaile, or with Glew.

They say they will grow again when pulled out if the Pores be anointed with Oyl in which a Lizard hath been boiled; or with Frogs blood, especially if it be mixed with the pouder of Laurel root or the ashes of Organ.

Some desire their Hair may curle, and this is done by the use of strong a∣stringents such as were mentioned a∣mong those which black the hair, as the Decoction of Galls, Pomegranate peels, Cypress Nuts, Pomegranate flowers and the like made into a Lixinium, to which they ad things that cause curling as Daffodill roots, and Dwarfe Elder roots and Leaves with the seed of Henbane.

Also Oyntments made of the same are used, as: Take of Oyl of Myrtles and Mastich two ounces, Oyl of Henbane half an ounce, Juyce of Myrtles and Vinegar each one ounce: boyl them, then add the ashes of Chestnuts, Hedghog and Pine nuts each half a dram, the shavings of Pams horns, Gum Arabick and Draganth each one dram, Myrrh half a dram, Honey at much as will make an Oyntment.

They say Mucilages boyled in Water or Lye will do the same, if made of Marsh-mallows roots, Linseed, Foenugreek and Flea∣bane seed, and Gum Arabick, this they beleeve will so sof∣ten the hair that they will be fitter to curle or the Pores be∣ing loosned thereby and made larger, the hairs will come forth more crooked. Others add Fern-roots, Beets and Ly∣thargy, and when the hairs are dry anoint with Oyl of Myrtles. Some anoint with the Roots of Dwarf Elder mixed with Oyl. Women do more certainly with crisping Irons; and when they go to Bed, they twist them, and with great pains put them under their Head geare, and in the morning being combed out, they continue curled the whol day.

If there be a Division of any part which should be united whe∣ther after the Cure of some wound, or Naturall, if it be in a fleshy part it may be united; as that of the up∣per Lip which Children are born with called a hare Lip in Dutch Hasenschart, it will be united if it be cut on both sides, and after the Lips be joyned together with Needles wrap about with Silk or with sowing and a Plaister laid

over till it be cured; this you may try in any other part where there is Deformity or Hindrance, and in fleshy parts it will be done, but scarsely in other parts. Also these may be artificially united, if you first take of the skin upon each side, and apply sticking Plaisters to the sides with double or treble Clouts and Buttons, with which and good Liga∣ture, the parts divided will be drawn together and united.

If the Gums be separated from the Teeth by biting hard things, you must chew upon the sound side; if from gra∣vel upon the Teeth called Tophi, they must first be taken off, otherwise flesh will not grow but being taken off the flesh will grow at the Roots of the teeth, and so be united unto them. Therefore the Remedies are such as clense, of which we spoke in the Foulness of teeth, and of things that breed flesh in the con∣sumption of the Gums, for it is done by clensing, breeding flesh and drying which causeth Glutination.

Mouth waters which dry and astring are good as: Take of Comfrey roots, five leaved Grass, Orris each one ounce, of Birthwort and Alheal each half an ounce, of Angelica and Cypress roots each two drams, of Burnet, Vervain, St. Johns∣wort, Pennyroyall each one handfull, of red Roses one pugil, Pomegranate flowers two drams, yellow Myrobalans three drams, Oroby seeds two drams, Mastich and Frankincense each one ounce: boyl them in Wine and Honey adding a little Vine∣gar of Squills and Cinnamon, let him wash his Mouth often therewith, you may also add a little Allum.

When teeth are broken or divided or hollow and rotten, they cannot be repaired, and therefore if they offend must be pulled out; but if they be usefull in regard the next Teeth are gone you may keep them provided that you prevent far∣ther Corruption.

This is done by washing the Mouth often with the De∣coction of Capar leaves, the leaved Grass, Birthwort, Cypress, Leaves of Mints, Galls, Nigella seeds, Bay berries, made in Wine and Vinegar, or with Smiths water.

The Decoction of Spurge root in Vinegar is the best, and if Allum be added it is the stronger.

Or let him wash his Mouth with Sage or Rosemary Water mixed with Salt and Wine.

Or with Vinegar of Squills if it be not strong enough.

Rub the corrupt Teeth with the things mentioned, for clensing in that Chapter, which by drying take away Cor∣ruption or this Pouder. Take of Cuttle-bone two drams, burnt Coral and Harts horn each one dram, Mastich and Al∣lum each half a dram: make a Pouder.

Or with the ashes of Organ, Rosemary and Pellitory of the wall mixed with Honey and Salt.

We put into a hollow Tooth the pouder of Galls roots, of Sulphur-wort, Staphisager, Penny-royall and sometimes Bo∣rax.

To take away Teeth when unserviceable, the Cyhrurgi∣ons use Paces and the like Instruments among which that like a Goats hoof is best: some are so active that the stan∣ders by, think they do it without Labour, and they are wondered at, and go about deceiving the people with ex∣pectation of far greater things which they profess; some cannot be drawn out as easie as those that are loose, espe∣cially when they are broken or rotten.

This may be done by Burning for so the Roots become dry, or the Teeth broken, so that they may easily be taken out. And this is done by an actuall Cautery or potential, or Aqua fortis or Milk of Spurge, Sory, as in the pain of the Teeth is mentioned: Dioscorides saith that the Root of Ranunculus, or Juyce of Sowbread doth the same.

And other things though they are not caustick as the Root of the black Chamaeleon, the Juyce of Celandine, the Lyes of Oyl, the Liquor of that comes out of the Cedar, and the pric∣kie of a Forkefiish.

They suppose that a Tooth will fall out, if you put Gum of Ivy into it, the fat of a green Frog or of a Cookow, or with the blood of a Lizard.

If you deffend the other teeth with Leaven or wax and ap∣ply to the nollow Tooth, the pouder of the root of a Mulbery tree which hath been first infused in Vinegar it will full out.

Also the Root and Leaves of black Henbane, laid hot to the Teeth.

Also wild Coloquintida infused in Vinegar then poudered and boyled with Honey. or,

Take the grease of Froggs, Juyce of Celandine, and Aqua vitae in equall parts, and apply it.

Or the Juyce of Celandine and Mugwort with Vinegar.

The Colewort worm applyed doth the same, and the water of Sal Ammoniack.

The teeth will fall out if rubbed with the pouder of Net∣tle seed and Galbanum equall portions.

Though the ruggedness and clefts of the Nayls cannot be made even and smooth, yet as they grow they may va∣nish, which that it may be better done, and the like not succeed, first use gentle means.

As Pitch, Wax, Rosin melted and applyed, also Mastick, Colophony, and Turpentine dissolved, adding sometimes Sulphur or Brimstone.

Also Raisons by themselves or with Opoponax.

Dioscorides commends Dock roots in Vinegar, and the les∣ser Celandine and Cypress.

Also Watercresses and Linseed are approved.

To which add Cummin, Costus roots, with Honey and the Pulp of Raisons or Grease, sometimes Allum and Salt.

The stronger Medicines are the Roots of Crowfoot.

Arsnick with Bird-lime, or Gum Serapine, or Wax or Sue; or Oyl.

Or Cantharides with Oyl of Roses, or the like.

If the hair be not all cleft it is usually neglected, but to cure, you must pluck a∣way that thin part and anoint the ends of the remaining Hairs with the Gall of a Beast: and then use a Decoction to cause Hair, of Southernwood, Capill•••• herbes and Cane roots, and others aforementioned.

They spend time in vain who joyne them together with Mucilage, or Bird-lime or Glue.

When the Dandrough falls not but with Rubbing it is neglected, or it falls away with only combing, rubbing and washing with Soap; But when it abounds and falls continually u∣pon the cloaths, as when it is to be seen in the Beard then it must be cured; first by purging, if it comes from Excre∣ments, or the Disease cured that causeth it.

The Topick Medicines are to be such as consume and clense filth which causeth it, and they must be strong or weak as it is fixed, alwaies mixed with Lenitives, least they exasparate the Skin too much.

Washings are divers, first common Lye or Barbars Sudds with Soap and Rubbing.

Or Sudds with Juyce of Beets and a little Vinegar; also Honey and a little Gall of a Beast.

Or Urine, or salt Water, or Wine alone, or with the things mentioned.

Washing with hot water, will asswage the smarting of the Skin after the use of clensers; if afterwards you wash with water in which Mallows and Foenugreek have been boiled.

The Decoction of Willow leaves, and bark is commen∣ded.

Or the Decoction of white Spinage, Coleworts and Roots or of Mallows, Pellitory of the wall, Sopewort, Lupines, Beanes, Foenugreek, Melons, and berries of the Spindle tree, also Roots of wild Cowcumbers and Squills.

Divers Oyntments are used, as this. Take of the Oyl of bitter Almonds or Nuts two ounces, of Oyl of Violets, Flower∣de-luce or Wall flower each one ounce, the juyce of Spinage two ounces and an half, Vinegar half an ounce: boyl them a little and add the gal of an Ox three drams, Brimflone two drams, Vi∣triol one dram, Niter half a dram, make a Liniment, which will be stronger with half a dram of Coloquintida. or,

Take Almonds and Nuts rosted at a fire each one ounce and an

half: beat them into a past, or the Meal of Lupines and Foe∣nugreek with half an ounce of the Pouder of Brimstone, of Bole or other fat Earth two drams, of Dreggs of Wine one dram, Ox gall one ounce, as much common Honey, or Honey of Squills as will make a Liniment: you may add one dram of Mustard seed or Stafesacre.

The ashes of Lilly-roots or of Garlick with Honey.

The Pouder of yellow Myrobalans, with Juyce of Spinage and Vinegar.

The white and yolk of an Egg powedup on the Head after washed, doth qualifie well after the use of sharp clensing things.

Pomatum keeps the skin from chopping.

A good Water is made of the Tops of St. Johns-wort, Groundpine, Pellitory, or Soap-wort each one handfull and an half, the Meal of Lupines and Foenugreek each one ounce, Brim∣stone, six drams, Tartar three drams, Niter one dram, red Wine one pint, Vinegar two ounces, Rose-water one ounce.

Rub the Head with Salt, Niter or the Meal of Lupines.

By combing Dandrough will fall.

The Scales in the Palmes of the Hands called Palatella, in French, is cured as Dandrough with Clensers and Emollients.

The growing together of parts which should be assunder or of Orifices which should be open coming by Birth or chance, cannot be but by force. There∣fore if they hinder not actions, let them alone with a little Deformity: but if they hinder the Functions as closing of the Anus, womb, and the like, then Section must be used or Cautery, by reason of the Necessity: and this is easier done, if there be only a concression by a Membrane inter∣posed or Flesh not thick.

A shutting only of the Orifices without growing toge∣ther of them as of the Mouth in a Convulsion of the Mouth, which hinders actions, we have shewed how it should be opened formerly.

Another Conjunction is less seemly and that's in the folding of the Hair is cured with combing: if they bring only Defor∣mity, and no impediment ought to be o∣mitted, because it is not easily discerned, and if cut off, they will come so again: and they who have such matted hair, take little pains therewith, but think them an Orna∣ment and Sign of Manhood.

The Deformity which is in perver∣ting of the Scituation or position of the Body, if it hinder the Function or be painfull as in Luxations, Fractures and Ruptures. We spoke of their cure before, as also of Crookedness, which deformeth most of all.

When the Toes are awry, since it cometh from the shoes as we have shewed, first they must not be too straight, and that will prevent that Deformity which can after scarce be cured.

The starting forth of the Eyes too far if from the Birth is incurable: but when it comes from a strain, when that ceaseth they return, so that they need no astrin∣gents; for if they should be astringed gently they could not be put back; if strongly they would more hurt the Eyes by wrinkling them. And since neither wind nor any Moisture by filling the inward parts of the Eyes can thrust them forth, we shall in vain apply Topicks as some do to consume wind and water.

To cure the position of the Teeth alte∣red by motion, and fix them again in their places, and to prevent their falling forth, we must use Dryers and Astringents; such as do not black the teeth as some do, and add things that have a gratefull scent.

Washes for the Mouth in this case, are made of Roots of five Leaved grass, Snakeweed, Capars, Moulin, Myrtle leaves and Mastich tree and Olive leaves, Bindweed, wild Tansie, Strawberry leaves, Medlars, Cornil tree Service, and Rose leaves, Pomegranate flowers, Galls, these black the Teeth, Elm barks, Acorn cupps, Spunge, Mary Thistle, Moss grow∣ing upon trees boyled in Rain water, Iron water, red Wine and Vinegar.

If Allum be added the Decoction will be stronger.

To take away the Moisture which is common there, you may boyl with the rest the Roots of Pellitory of Spain, and make a good sent, Angelica roots, Topps of Rosemary and Sage and some Spices. Some boil Gums therein from whence there is but little astriction, as Mastick and the like.

Other washings are made of Allum, Vinegar and Honey.

Dioscorides commends the Pickle of Olives, and Sory.

Also Waters of Roses, Horse tayle and Vinegar are good to wash the Mouth.

Some things being chewed do the same as Elicampane, and Berries of bloody Red, and Barberries also Mastich chewed.

Dioscorides teacheth that the Oyl of the wild Olive tree kept in the Mouth fixeth the Teeth.

Pouders are made to rub the Teeth and Gums, for the same purpose, as of Coral and other dryers, which we des∣cribed in the whiting of teeth, adding Salt or Allum, which being burnt doth more astring, sometimes they add the ashes of burnt Rosemary, Sage, Myrtles, Mastich tree, Olive∣tree, also of Dates stones and Cray fish or other astringent Pou∣ders as of Cypress roots, Nuts, Sponge, Mary Thistle, Roses, Hypocistis acacia, or of Sloes and Mastick, Bole or any fat earth also Spices as Cinnamon, Cloves and Lignum, Aloes.

When loose Nayls cannot be fastned, the Deformity from thence is cured as if they were quite fallen off; especially when other grow under: For if they be not and those places be not lest bare, a worse Deformity a riseth. That therefore loose Nayls may fall from the skin—there is no other Art to be used, because they will fall off, Dioscorides teacheth to apply a raison thereunto.

Notes

• A double Body.
• Double and treble Parts.
• Six Fingers.
• Three Stones.
• The Want of Parts.
• Rhyat.
• Want of Teeth.
• Fall of Nailes.
• Want of Hair.
• Alopceia.
• Ophiasis.
• The over larg∣ness of the whole Body.
• Over great parts and over large Orifices.
• The too great increase of Nayles and Hair.
• Too much Flesh.
• Great Breasts.
• Smalness of Be∣dy and its pens with narrow O∣rifices.
• Phimosit
• Lent Parts.
• Breasts consumed.
• Gums rotten.
• Short Teeth and Hair.
• Wool∣like Hair.
• Beard long grow∣ing.
• Want of beard in Eunuchs.
• Slender∣ness of Bo∣dy.
• Senderness of Limbs.
• Soft and lank Breasts.
• The indecent Figure and shape of Parts.
• Hairs too curled.
• Nayles un∣even.
• Division of parts which ought to be ••nited.
• The divisi∣on of the upper Lip or hair lip by nature.
• The Rot∣ienness and breaking of Teeth.
• The Rot∣tenness, roughness clifes and dividing of Nayles.
• Fissures of the Hair.
• Dand∣rough.
• The Scalos in the palm of the hand called in French Paelatalla.
• The separation of the Jaws from the Teeth.
• The continuation or growing toge∣ther of parts that should be divi∣ded.
• An indecent and firme conjunction of parts.
• The Deformity of scitua∣ation from luxations and fractures.
• Vari crooked Leggs.
• Gib bout or croo∣ked Backs.
• Gogle Eyes.
• Loose Teeth.
• Teeth hang∣ing forth.
• Loose Nayles.
• The indisposition, plenty or want, commission or permutation of the pa∣rents seed is the cause of Diseases naturall in number, magnitude and figure, in the Body or members as in the Teeth Nayles, Hair.
• The Mothers Blood is the cause of some Dis∣eases naturall in mag∣nitude increased or di∣minished or indecem Figure.
• A wound or an Ulcer is cause of the lameness or taking off of a part, or separati∣on or division.
• Force externall cau∣seth falling out of Teeth, or looseness or treating of them, the fall of hair, and gogle Eyes.
• An outward vehe∣ment heat is the cause of loose Teeth, or falling off them out, or breaking of them.
• Great heat the cause of falling of Hair.
• Corroding and putre∣fying Medicines are the cause of consuming of the parts and fal of Hair.
• Plenty of Blood is the cause of much Flesh.
• The want of blood cause of leanness.
• The aboundance or want of nourishment is the cause why some parts are bigger then others as Nayles, Hair which grow thick and long or fall.
• The nourishing juyce sweating forth is the cause of uniting the parts.
• Fatness in blood is the cause of fatness in bo∣dy and the contrary.
• Evil ulcers are causes of consum∣tion of parts.
• The Gravel of the Teeth makes the Gums sepa∣rate.
• The cause of loose Teeth is a defluxi∣on into the places where they are set.
• Also a corrupt Hu∣mor about the Roots of the Teeth causeth their loosness and falling out.
• A Feaver causeth Hair to fall off.
• An evil humor a∣bout the roots of the Hair causeth it to fall off.
• The heat of a Feaver is the cause of impre∣ssion upon the Nayls and of their loosnese.
• An evil Humor is the cause of the cor∣rosion and filthiness of the Nayls.
• The teeth and nayles throw themselves or by new.
• The abounding of some parts.
• The taking off of the sixth Finger.
• The cure of the want of some parts as of the Stones.
• The artificiall repara∣tion of parts lost as a Foot, a Hand, an Arm, a Nose, an Eye.
• The Cure of Teeth lost.
• The Cure of Nayls fallen off.
• The Cure of the Beard fallen off.
• The Cure of the over largeness of the body of magnitude of parts increased, of over∣large Orifices.
• The Cure of the mouth of the Womb being too large.
• The Cure of Nayls that are too thick or too long
• The Cure of hair growing too long.
• The Cure of the car∣nosity and fatness of the Body and parts thereof.
• The Cure of too great Breasts.
• The Cure of a smal Body or smal Limbs, and of such parts are lame.
• The Cure of breasts consumed.
• The Cure of Gums consumed.
• The Cure of straight Orifices.
• The Cure of Phimosis.
• The Cure of the Leanness of the Body and its parts.
• The Cure of lank and loose Breasts.
• The Cure of the un∣comely Figure of parts.
• The Cure of over curling Hair.
• Things that cause Hair to curle.
• The Cure of the se∣paration of parts which should be uni∣ted at of the hare Lip.
• The Cure of Gums separated from the Teeth.
• The Cure of broken hollow and rotten Teeth.
• The Roughness and clefts of the Nayls.
• The cleaving of the Hair.
• The Cure of Dandrough.
• The cure of the scales in the Hands.
• The Cure of parts to be divided and Orifices that are closed when they should be open.
• The Cure of matted hair.
• The Cure of Scitua∣tion of parts disor∣dered.
• The Cure of Gogle Eyes.
• The cure of loose Teeth.
• The Cure of loose Nayls.