Platerus golden practice of physick: fully and plainly discovering, I. All the kinds. II. The several causes of every disease. III. Their most proper cures, in respect to the kinds, and several causes, from whence they come. After a new, easie, and plain method; of knowing, foretelling, preventing, and curing, all diseases incident to the body of man. Full of proper observations and remedies: both of ancient and modern physitians. In three books, and five tomes, or parts. Being the fruits of one and thirty years travel: and fifty years practice of physick. By Felix Plater, chief physitian and professor in ordinary at Basil. Abdiah Cole, doctor of physick, and the liberal arts. Nich. Culpeper, gent. student in physick, and astrology.

CHAP. XVII. Of Pains in the Superficies of the Body.

The Kinds.

VVE call those Pains in the Superficies of the Bo∣dy, which are in the skin and part adjacent and near it: of which there are divers kinds: differing in this respect, that some are alone and others have other appearent diseases with them.

Among the solitary pains of the super∣ficies of the Body, without any other dis∣eases, the first is tickling, which though it seems pleasant, yet if it be much it is ve∣ry troublsom, as in the soles of the seet, under the Arms in the pits, or in the sides, and the like.

Hereunto belongs the Itch in the skin, without other manifest sign: such as goes befor the skab and as is in the parts with Hair, as the Head, Privities, from divers causes, which shall be declared, so troublesome that it causeth scrubbing and tearing the skin with the Nayles. By which means they are so refreshed and plea∣sed that they feel not the pain or hurt.

There are other pains in the superficies of the body without other manifest disease, that come from outward causes, as from heat and excercise, without Inflammation of the skin, but with heat pricking and itching: to which the heat in the palms of the Hands and soales of the Feet, may be referred.

Also there is a tearing and biting pain from cold in the superficies, especially at the fingers end.

To this may be referred the Molestation that comes from touching an uneven and rough body: Which is felt with∣out any manifest hurt, while the skin is pressed and streatched for a time.

There is somtimes great pain from a bruise by a Fall or Stroak, without apparent hurt that pricks and tears; but because usually there is a Tumor or Wound with this pain, we shall speak of them toge∣ther.

Other Pains that have other Diseases joyned, are di∣stinguished by Redness, Swelling, Pustles, Ulcers, or Cor∣ruptions.

Redness and pain without swelling, is called Erysipelas. This comes to many by fits. In this the superficies of the skin, in the Shins somtimes, or Face, or Neck, or other parts hath a broad Redness, which being pressed with the singer, flies away, and presently returns, and then turns yellow after some time, and after pale, and so vanisheth. It is with burning also, therefore it is called holy Fire. And because it is pricking, Avicen calls it the Thorn. After all these Itching use to be and the skin is cleft either of it self, or by rubbing; besides, there are in the parts near, for the most part Glandules or Kernels that swell, and are pained, as in the Groyne and Neck. And as I shewed in Feavers, there is a Synoch therewith, that begins with shivering, and turns hot for a day or two. And somtimes it is without it, or but very little.

Besides this simple Erysipelas, there are two compound kinds thereof. One is like the simple, only there is a little rising that is dispersed, and not colle∣cted into a true tumor, this is called Erysipelas Phlegmono∣des. This ends as the other, but is lon∣ger. Somtimes there are Pustles in Ery∣sipelas, and Blysters about, blew or black, which breaking, produce matter, and the part is ulcerated, this is called Erysipelas ulcerate. And it ends often in a preverse spreading Ulcer, that Gangraens if not well tended.

There is another kind that is less hot and red, but higher and broader, called Erysipelas Oedematodes, with Blisters som∣times also, that are whitish, which brea∣king, send forth water or matter. In this kind, though the Eryfipelas cease, yet the Oedema remains long, and falls into the Leggs in some.

Also if there be Erysipelas in the Leggs that were formerly oedematous from an evil Humor, especially from the Dropsie Ascites, which is easie, then it turns into a true Inflammati∣on, which will gangraene, except it be carefully tended.

We have seen sinall Erisipelases in the skin, with broad, red, burning Spots, not filled up.

Diseases with Tumor in the Superficies of the Body, are some more usual, and come of themselves, and are in divers parts without difference: or in certain distinct parts external: And are called Tumors in general: Or imposthumes, because they follow Tumors. Others are unusual, and come seldom and are called Cancers of which in order.

There are painful Tumors indifferently in any part of the Body, that arise of themselves without any manifest Cause, that are raised and deep, and red, with heat, burning, stretching, and beating, called Phlogoses.

One kind hereof is spread as an Erysi∣pelas, but more swollen, and lifted up, collected, extended, and deep fixed, and is called Phlegmon or Inflammation in general. In this after the redness and pain, the skin is yellow, blew, with Sugillations or Markes, till the tumor quite vanish. Somtimes with increase of pain, it turns to a greater Tumor or Imposthume, and that broken into an Ulcer, and leaves a Scirrhus or Gangrane, as shall be shewed.

Besides this simple Phlegmon, there are two Compound kinds, the one with a larger tumor, but else in all things like an Erysipelas called Phlegmon Erysipela∣todes. The other with a larger tumor, but less hot, red, and burning, called Phlegmon oedematodes.

This Phlegmon whether simple or e∣rysipelated or oedematous, may be in a∣ny part of the Body. If in the Face, it dissigures the Look: If in the Neck or Jawes, it hinders breathing, and makes an outward kind of Quinzie. If in the Breast, and be deep, it is a kind of false Pleurisie; if in the Belly, and deep, it hindereth go∣ing to stool: If in the Hands or Feet, it pains and trouble them.

There is another sort of Phlegmon more collected, and acute, or pointed, like an Inflammation in other things in any part, which because it is less then other Inflammati∣ons is called Tuberculum, rather then a Tumor. One kind most usual, which is like a Wall••ut, which ends usually in an Ulcer These are in divers parts alone, or many to∣gether, swelling and red, with tearing and burning pain, which pain increasing, they end in an Imposthume, which opens, and is an Ulcer which hath either white or bloody matter. And if instead of matter there be a lump of flesh, they call it Furuncu∣lus or a Nail, because it is fixed in the flesh, and the German Chirurgions cal it Crebstin, or a little Cancer.

Contusions are referred to Tumors in the Body, and are so called from the Cause, which is a stroake or fall, in which there is either a gathered or spread Tumor, lifted up more or less, with, or without Inflammation of the same colour; and somtimes blew, and yellow, with markes, vanishing, or turning to an Imposthume, and so into an Ulcer. If this Contusion hath a Wound, it be∣longs to Wounds. And if there be pain in Contusion without Tumor or external appearance, it shall be spoken of in Pains in the Superficies of the Body.

There are often Tumors in the Glanduls that are the in Emunctuaries, especially im∣mediately under the skin, which somtimes are lifted up with the skin, with pain and heat, and somtimes Inflammation. And if this be, and dissolve not, it imposthumes, and then ulcerates. This Tumor what soever it is, if there be Inflam∣mation is called Phygethlon and Panus, and if it be less, and plainer, or evener, and not so red and painful, it is called Phyma, which sooner increaseth, and imposthumeth. There is the like tumor somtimes behind the Ears called Parotis, that grows somtimes very great. Some∣times it is in the lower Jaw, and is called Panus, it comes often in Synoch Feavers, and it is called in high Dutch Kervunkel, though it be not alwayes red, when it is under in the Arm-pits, it doth not so easily imposthume, it is called Panus also and Bubo: And so it is called in the Groynes. Some of these are simple Buboes: Others are from the Cause called Venereal: Others malig∣nant from the Feaver and pestilential, they are small at the first, and then grow great, and have often an Anthra•• or Carbo with them.

Also in the glandulous parts of the Superficies as the Papps and Stones, are outward Tumors as in the Glan∣duls mentioned, when they are inflamed, swollen, hot, red, and pained. This is called Inflammation of the Papps

and stones which turnes often to a scirrhus. Or somtimes these pars swel, without a manifest Instammation and are stretched and pained as the breasts with milk and the stones in the colick.

Also these kinds of Inflammations are in other spungy parts of the body, as in the heels when they swel, are rough and hot and then ulcerate and are often lost, or in the Glans or head of the yard; whose In∣flammation somtimes makes a great tumor so that the praeputium or foreskin streight binds it at the root. This is likewise in the prepuce and in womens Pri∣vities and in the Fundament. And in the Mouth and Lips and Eyebrows with great pain, by reason of exquisite sense; and it often turnes to perverse ulcers and Gan∣grens.

Also in the gristly parts in the superficies, as in the No∣strils and Ears there is Inflamation, and the gristles are made foul thereby, when it increaseth and the Nose fal∣eth.

But Inflammation in the joynts is with greater pain and hurt: as in the Arms and Legs. And this is often in the joynts of the fingers and toes about the roots of the Nayles, and this Inflam∣mation is called Paronychia and Pannari∣tium, which a Sphacelus often followeth, and corruption of the outward bone and somtimes of the inward bone of the finger, whereby it laid bare or lost and the Nerves and Tendons hurt, this is called the worm: because pain seems to creep while it is inflamed and turns to an impostume. There is another Inflammation be∣tween the Thumb and forefinger with a tumor called by the Germans Grippelen or fork, because it is between the fin∣gers.

An Impostume, is a tumor which fol∣lows other humors in the superficies, it is called Abscessus, because the skin comes from the flesh: This may come from all sorts of Inflam∣mations except they be insensibly dissolved; as from a flegmon in general, or from Tuberculum whose Im∣postum is called Furunculus. And from Phygethlon whe∣ther it be a Bubo or Parotis, and soonest from a Phyma. Also it may come from swelling of the paps and stone and other spungy parts, or gristly, inflamed. And from the joynts inflamed, which are very troublesome; and that from the Paronychia or Inflammation in the finger, if it Impostumate, is perverse and deep and corrupts the Nerves and bones. All these Impostumes coming from divers Inflammations, are divers. If the Inflammation be only superficial the humor greater or lefs shining and hard at first, and after grows soft and pointed, which is called the Eye, out of which the matter labors to get forth, which you may perceive by the motion of it being tou∣ched, it is of one sort. And it is of another sort when it comes from an Inflammation that lyeth deeper for then it is not so eminent, somtimes it is almost wholly hidden, till by a pustle breaking, which the Chirurgions cal Exi∣tura, or outlet, it appears. This is of the same color with the skin and makes a doubt whether there be an Impostume or not, we conclude that there is mat∣ter, because pain is still felt there and because it is wet like dew, and being pressed with the finger the matter seems to go back and there is a hollow. When an Inflamation turns to an Impostume the pain doth not abate, but increase rather, and creaseth not till it be ope∣ned and it itcheth when the matter labors to come forth. Nor doth a Feaver with Inflammation cease, but increas∣eth with the pain while the Impostume or matter breedeth according to Hippocrates. The matter in an Impostume is divers as pus, or sanies or flesh, which comes from the ulcer.

A Cancer is a tumor which cometh of it self in the superficies of the body that hath more malignity then pain, for which cause the Chirurgions cal other perverse Tumors and Pustles, as a Furuncle and Car∣buncle by the name of Cancer, as that under the Eye, and the Polypus in the Nose and the Gangreen of the Gums, and Ulcers of the prepuce. And they call an Elephantiasis, with Tumors and Ulcers, in divers parts, a Cancer also, as we shew'd. From these a true Cancer called Carcinos differs much. Which is called also Lupus or Wolf, because it devours the flesh and Noli me tangere or touch me not, because it will not endure sharpe Medicines. This may be in any part, Hips, Legs, Knees, Arms, Neck, Face and Breasts often, and in the privities, and in the Mouth and Lips. It begins at first with a little tumor scarse to be seen, then it is as big as a pease, then as an Hazel-nut, then as a great Apple, hence it is called Cancer from creeping on and resembling a crab; not the Astacus, or Crayfish, to whose Legs the Veins are compared, but the true sea Crab called Gallus marinus, which is round as this tumor is, uneven and with tubercles or little swellings and full of Veins swollen about blew and black, hard also and with a crust like a crabs shell, and sticking close to the part; And Archigenes saies it is so called, because it holds whatsoever it catcheth. The pain is little or none at the first, which causeth the neglect, but it is known by the pricking of the skin like a needle, which increaseth with the tumor.

At length this tumor is laid naked, by the opening of the skin, and then it is called Carcinoma or a Cancer ulcerated: out of this comes filthy Sanies, or thin matter, stinking, yellow, green first and then black. The flesh is uneven and corrupt and grows out like Ice∣sickles, with hard and inverted Lips, which are somtimes so big, that they have covered a great part of the face, and made the Ear seem to grow thereto, as I have seen. When this Carcinoma or Cancer ulcerated, is naked, it bleeds, by which through want of strength, with a gentle feaver comes death, which I observed in a Dyer in little Basil in 1552. whose right Cheek was swollen to the great corner of his Eye, with Ulcers, with Lips tur∣ned in and stinking in the hollow all over, which bled often very much and after great misery with a gentle fea∣ver brought his much desired Death.

The chief kinds of Pustles are scabs, Pa∣pulae and Carbuncles, which have divers kinds under them, these are less then Tuber∣cula, yet they itch with burning and Infla∣mation and somtimes without, with pain and knawing or ulceration of the flesh.

Scabies or Scabrities is so called, be∣cause it makes the skin rough and with a crust, and is moist or dry. The moist is with Pustles that have sanies and Pus, one is called vulgar, in which many Pustles called Ephelides do arise, from which broken sanies or thin matter cometh; if they be a little inflamed and red, they impostume and are covered with a dry crust made of the dryed matter, which is blew or black or otherwise Colored. The itch goeth before this scab, which caus∣eth pustles by scratching, which break when the skin is broak, there is after a cutting pain, and if the pustles be inflamed, there is burning pain. This scab or itch is so frequent, that scarse one is freed, but in his life time hath it.

There is Another moist scab less usu∣al then the former, but worse with lit∣tle pustles out of which cometh a rough humor like Honey alwaies moist and covering the parts, with a thick white, green or black scab. Some call this

Fera or Agria. The Germans call it den Herbroten, or Harbroten, when the part affected is like a toast covered with hairs. This is often in Infants heads, seldom in a∣ged, somtimes it is in the Eye-brows, Cheeks and Face, very noysome, and in other parts.

There is another kind of scab, pe∣culiar in the Head, which with many sinal holes peircing to the Skul, out of which come glutinous matter, that being dried causeth a crust or scab: therefore they are called sordid run∣ning Ulcers, by the Greeks Achores, and because the skin looks like Moath-eaten cloth, it is called Tinea a Moth. And the English call it the running scab of the Head and the scald. And if the holes be large and the matter like Honey, it is called Favus from the likeness it hath to a Honey comb. This is perverse and usual in children spoyling the roots of the hairs, which are white and thick, when the hair is pulled off, and after it is cured, it leaves many bear places in the Head, which is ill favoured to be seen.

There are other pustles, which may be referred to the moist scab which have a dryness at the top and sweat and moisture. Some whereof are with greater Imflammation and Ulceration, as those called Terminthi, because they are as big as Lupines or Pease. The Germans call them Huntsblatern, they are black round and red and inflamed about, very bur∣ning and quickly dry: and when the scurfe is taken off, or lifted up matters comes forth. They are most usually in the feet and many together, Galen desicribes them to be most common in Women, and some say they are a kind of Phyma. Epinychtis is not unlike this, it is as big as a Terminthus, blew and very red round about and burns very much at night, and turns to an Ulcer and sends forth s••ymy matter.

Also there are waterish pustles called Phlyctaenae that being broken have a scurse and are painful: they are smal as bubles or greater like bladders, which broaken send forth clear wa∣ter, with pain, and a crust: they may be in any part. There is another kind that hath yellow transparent bladders, which being whol, itch and burne, and being open yellow water comes forth with great burning and Inflammation and a running Ulcer: it is called Herpes Phlyctanodes.

The dry scab or Scabrities is so called in dis∣tinction from the moist, which hath dry pus∣tles without matter and makes the skin rough and itcheth much. It is of two sorts, one is in the extremity of the skin with little pustles dry red and corroding, more or less sweating moisture forth, with intolerable itch called Prurigo or in Greek Cnismos of some Impetigo and Psora or Scab, And Rubrica, it is about the Emunctuaries in the Groyns and Arm-pits, and bending of the Knees and Arms, and most usual in the Neek.

The other kind of dry scab is worse, called foul, and in high Dutch Mager, because it makes the body lean and dry by degrees: it comes of it self or from a Herpes not cured. And is at first greater then Prurigo, making the skin rough and dry: the Greeks call it Lichen, it is chiefly in the Legs and Arms: somtimes if the scabs creep and make the skin more rough, hard and swollen, with chous, and being rub'd bran fals off, and then the Greeks call it Psora. It is not only in the Feet and Arms, but in other parts, espe∣cially the Neck and Face and Head, in the Hair like a scurfe of Clay or Chalk, from which a dry scale falls and it is horrible to behold. If it last long it corrods and makes clefts in the skin, and there fals thick scales yellow or blew, this is the Greek Leprosy, not the Elephantiasis of the Arabians, though they are taken one for the other, but this is more incura∣ble, and returns again, and is as horrible as Elephantiasis, especially if it eat off the Nose. We call this the worst Scab.

Papula or Herpes comes forth with little Pustles, first with itching, and then burning, but with Inflam∣mation or Feaver; and though the Pustles dry, new come about them, as if they were begotten of the former. Some are like Millium seed called Herpes mi∣liaris, which creeps but sooner stayes.

Others are dry little Pustles, and are deeper in the skin, and break into Ulcers with one Mat∣ter, and when cured, returns with new dry Ulcers, broad and high. This is called Estheomenus, or in high Dutch Den worm, from its creeping and corroding; if it last long it turns to Impetigo, and then into a Psora, and after into the Greek Leprosie, but not into Elephantiasis. When it ulcerates, it is like Erysipelas ulcerated, and call'd the holy fire or wild fire but Erysipelas comes suddenly with Inflamation, Redness, & Feaver, and being ulcerated hath greater Pustles or Bladders, and after them a moist Ulcer, which is not so in Herpes, but dry and without matter.

The Carbuncle or Anthrax in Greek hath many Pustles, smal like burnings very hot, called thence Persian Fire, with a black Crust like a Cole, and thence called Carbo or live Cole, be∣cause of the redness round about, under which after sup∣puration there is no matter but a blak Lump of Flesh fast∣ned to the Roots, with a Feaver and great weakness. Like this is the Anthrax of the back between the shoulders, with many Pustles together red, which broken, there comes matter forth, as from a spunge which turns to a hollow Ulcer, over all the upper part of the Back, with lumps: This I saw in the year 1530.

There is another Anthrax or Carbun∣cle pestilential, as we shewed in pestilen∣tial Feavers, with one or more Pustles like Phlyctaenae or Clavus red round about, afterwards blew, green, or black, ending in a black Crust, and a lump like flesh like the former. The pain is not in this so great as in the former, at first there is itching and a little burning, and after corruption, the skin and flesh mortifie as I have often observed, and there is no feeling, and at length it falls from the sound flesh, and leaves a hollow Ulcer. There is somtimes a Bubo with it, near to the part, as we shewed in pestilential Feavers, where we shew∣ed also that a Pustle came at the beginning of the Car∣buncle, without a Feaver from the Contagion, and pre∣sently vanisheth.

The Diseases with Ulceration by which with Hippocrates, we under∣stand all Solution of Continuity, are so in the Superficies, dividing and hurting the skin, as a Cleft, Excoriation, or Burning; o∣thers are deep in the flesh, as a Wound or Ulcers: Of which in order.

A Cleft or Fissure or Chinke in the skin, is more or less gaping, according to the deepness thereof. They are chiefly in the Palms of the Hands, and Fingers, and Soles of the Feet: And if they be in the thick skin, the Lips are hard and swollen, they are also in the Mouth, Fundament, and Womens Privities, and Nip∣ples, and in the Praepuce, and Eye-brows, and in the Tongue: As we shewed in the inward Diseases of th•• Mouth.

There is another kind of Chapps or Clefts which are high, by reason of the thick skin, with hard Lips, and end in perverse Ulcers, it is called Pernio or Chi∣metlon, it comes from great Cold in the thick skin of the

Soles of the Feet, especially in the Heel; somtimes in the Palms of the Hands, and Nostrils, and Ears, as shall be shewed in the Causes.

Excoriation, Abrasion, or Attrition, is called Intertrigo, when the supreficial part of the skin is separated from the quick, with pain when it is touched. It differs from a Wound, because that is deeper, it is from divers in∣ternal and external Causes, especially from Riding, when men are galled; or from long keeping in bed; and in Chil∣dren from piss, and the mattery Pustles in the Privities, are Excoriations which itch so grievously.

When the scarfe skin only comes off, and the true skin is not bare, it causeth no pain, but falls off like Bran, and is called Furfur or Scales, as in the Palm of the Hand.

Ustion or Burning is when the scarfe skin, or skin, or flesh also is hurt by actual or po∣tential Heat. And it differs chiefly, in that some is more superficial; others deeper, raising a Blyster, and then there is pain, or burning the true skin, and ma∣king a Crust or Eschar, after which is an Ulcer: Or the skin and flesh also are burned and consumed. And then the pain is greater with Inflammation somtimes and Sup∣puration, leaving a great Ulcer.

A Wound is the Solution of con∣tinuity in the Body, from an out∣ward Cause, it is simple or Com∣pound.

A simple Wound not accompa∣nyed or changed into another, is by a Cut, it is greater or less, even or uneven, or deeper. A wound by a stab is a Puncture or prick, it is with a great or little Orifice. Gun∣shot is of a sudden, with great or small Orifice, deep, dividing, unequal, bruising and break∣ing the parts, and somtimes taking off.

All these may be in divers parts, and wound the Skin, Flesh, Membranes, Nerves, Vessels, and Bones, making lame, and reaching inward to the Brain, Lungs, Heart, Stomach, Guts, Bladder, Liver, Spleen, &c. and cause divers Accidents following.

In all three kinds of Wounds there is bleeing first, large if it be great, or where the Veins are large, or in the Arte∣••ies, but little when small, or in the little Vessels, or a nar∣row prick, through which somtimes, little or no Blood can come. And when the Puncture is large, it may also come to pass that no blood may come forth, because it all falls inward.

When bleeding is stopt, there is Sanies, or Blood, and Matter, and then it grows foul after, like an Ulcer, into which it turns, as we shall shew.

Somtimes other Matter comes forth of a Wound, as Meat and Drink, when the stomach is hurt, and Excre∣ments, when the Guts are wounded, or Urin, when the Bladder is wounded, or some part of the Body comes forth, as the Brain, Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Guts.

There is pain in all more or less, and the greater as the part is more sensible.

The part somtimes swells without Inflammation, or withers, or is otherwise deformed or lame.

And the Functions are hurt, as when there are Convul∣sions, Resolutions, Cramps, and Contractions, from Wounds, and when the inward parts are hurt, they are worse.

A Contusion is from a stroak or fall, not only with a Tumor, but without, and with pain only, as we shewed in Tumors, and is with a wound, in which the skin and sub∣ject parts are more or less unequal, bruised, and cut, with little or no bleeding, and a tumor round about, and co∣lour'd as a Contusion with a Tumor only, and it is more easily suppurated, and turned to an Ulcer.

There are also Wounds partly bruised, partly cut and pricked; these are when the edge is blunt, or from a bite when the wounds are many and deep, according to the length of the Teeth, and the flesh bruised by the broad Teeth: These are easily inflamed, and turn to perverse Ul∣cers.

There are also uneven wounds with Saws and Instruments, which cause per∣verse, and somtimes incurable Ulcers.

There are also Compound wounds, as when there is an Inflammation with a wound, then it is called a Wound with a Phlegmon: This is oftnest from a Pun∣cture or Gun-shot. And there is then a Tumor with an Ulcer and new pain, and it may gangraene.

When a Wound grows foul with matter or humors, it changeth its Nature, and is an Ulcer.

And the Ulcer is Compound when the wound is is with a bro∣ken bone.

Others are venemous from a poysoned Sword or Bullet, or from biting of Beasts, as a mad Dog or Serpents, and then there are great accidents and dangerous. Also men fast∣ing, especially if they be cholerick, or come from fury, are venemous, if they bite.

To these may be referred the stinging of Bees, Wasps, and Spiders, in which though there is no wound, yet there is pain, redness, and swelling, especially if the Breast be venemous, as the Phanlangius Scorpion.

An Ulcer is the foul solution of continuity, that divides the skin and flesh also, this comes not at first as a wound from an external Cause, but from a Pustle, or Tumor, or a Wound, or of it self. We spake of Ulcers, with Tumors or Pustles, in Cancer, Car∣buncle, Herpes, and Scab. Here we shall speak of Ulcers after Inflammation and Imposthumes, broken with mat∣ter or flesh, or after an Erysipelas, when the Blysters are broken: Or of such as come from foul Wounds or Hu∣mors. They are all simple or Compound.

A simple Ulcer is when there is onely foulness, when it is not hollow, it is called a plain Ulcer, when there is hollowness from lost Flesh, as when it follows an Im∣posthume, and is round, it is called a ca∣vous Ulcer. If it be long, or like a Burrough or Chan∣nel coming forth, it is called sinuous; and if the passage go strait, a fistulated Ulcer. All have filthy matter, but the hollow most; it is white of a mean consistance, called concocted, sweet, and equal: Or discoloured, waterish, or crude, unequal, or stinking. There are also thick sli∣my Matter about Ulcers and Wetness. The pain is not so great in them as in Inflammations or Imposthumes breeding, only it is lancing and increased with touching or tenting. And if Ulcers be in the parts ordained for motion or go to the Bowels, they hurt the Functions.

Compound Ulcers are divers, espe∣cially that with proud Flesh which would be ill cured, if before it be re∣moved.

Other Ulcers are sinuous and girt a∣bout with a Tunicle within, fending forth no humor from the flesh which is not naked, and cannot be cured till the Cavity be filled with flesh. They are called Fistulaes, especially if they be large and strait; as I have seen one that began at the neck and went down the Back to the Hip, voiding much mat∣ter. And I have seen many little Fistulaes in the Perinae∣um that when to the Bladder, through which the Urin al∣wayes dropt. And I saw in my Fathers dayes in a Pala∣tinate Begger a horrid Fistula in the lower Belly, with ma∣ny

holes that sent forth matter like seed. And 1652. I saw a Woman with a Fistula in her Privities and strait gut, with a Tumor and many Holes, who went to a simple bragging Chirurgion who by Causticks caused Inflamma∣tion and Death.

There are also Ulcers with hard Lips called Callous, and cannot be cicatrized or healed, these are called Dysepulota. And they which are malignant shal be spoken of hereafter.

There are other to be cured called Ca∣coethe, not of themselves, but by reason of the part to which they cannot be fixed as a corrupt or rotten Bone, as we shal shew there.

They are worse when there is Inflam∣mation or Erysipelas, with Redness, Tu∣mor and Pain, if the tumor be an Oede∣ma, it swells with less pain, but is harder to be cured.

The corrupt Ulcers whose flesh is white like Bacon are worst, and when it is soft and swollen, and when clear water comes forth. These Ulcers come from wounds in the Joynts, where it is membranous and nervous without Flesh. The German Chiru∣gions call them Glidwasser or water of the Joynts, and fear least it gangraene, by reason of the pain, Contraction, and Corruption. Of this sort is Paranychia or the Inflammation in the Fingers end that corrupteth the Joynt, as we shewed in In∣flammations.

To these are referred Ulcers with stin∣king Flesh, and such as corrode when the Flesh is yellow, green, or black, with stin∣king Matter, and Worms, called Verminous; these somtimes gangraene.

Besides these, there are Ulcers from ma∣lignant Humors or other Ulcers, or from Erysipelas ulcerated; these eat and are hollow called Nomae, and when they eat the skin only Phagedaenica, and because they spred Serpentia or creeping, when they are hard to cure, they are called Cacoethe.

These are in divers parts, but especi∣ally in the Leggs, which are apt to re∣ceive Humors and Erysipelas, above the Ankle, they use to be broad there, and to eat the flesh away. This may be lasting for many years in old men full of Humors, which wets mens clouts, and bleeds upon the least occasion, and is full of pain, with Heat, Redness, and Tumor round about, and somtimes with an oedematous Swelling. Somtimes the Vein upon the Ulcer is swollen and blew, which comes thither, with many windings in the Leggs, and feeds it: this is called a varicous Ʋlcer from Varix, a Vein dilated.

Eating Ulcers that are malignant from the French Pox, besides those in the Jawes, Nostrils, and Privities of Women, are in the Praepuce and Glans of Mens Privities also, which destroy the Yard: this is called Cancer. And that is a leprous Ulcer, which is in E∣lephantiasis, in the Jawes, Nose, Soles of the Feet, and Palm of the Hand and Arm-pits, and o∣ther parts of the Arms and Feet, which are Phagadaenous that is devouring, and have swollen hard Lips without pain, as we shall shew in Elephantiasis.

Corruption in the Superficies is either in the Flesh or in the Bone.

Corruption in the Skin, Flesh, Membranes, Nerves, and Com∣pound Vessels is called a Gangraen, usually it follows Inflammations, somtimes it comes from other causes. In this the part begins to lose its natural color and wax blew suddenly, or by degrees and then black, with swelling of the part and pain very great before a total corruption from which poyson constantly flows, that wets the skin and flesh and makes it softer, which being corrupted, either opens of its self and ulcerates, or with Scarification, by which we labor to cure. The wounds lye deep and swell with lips, and at last, if it be not prevented, the part is destitute of all natural heat, pulse and sense, and is very stinking and hollow. And then it is called Sphacelus and Syderation.

If there be foulness of bones, they are either corroded in parts and made rough and uneven, or corruption is so manifest that the part is black and comes from the sound and quick part, or corrupts the whol bone, as in Paronychia, the joynts of the Fingers and mortifyeth, and is called the Caries of the bone. This corruption of the bones is with an Ulcer in the skin and flesh, from which it cometh for the most part and through which it is to be seen, being deep and to the bone. And therefore though of it self, a corrupt bone feel no pain, yet the Ulcer joy∣ned thereto and which cannot be cured whiles the bone is foul, may be painful. Of which as the shape is divers, we shall speak in Deformity.

The Causes.

The Causes of all pains in the superficies of the Body. (as tickling, itching pains of cold or heat, compressions, roughness, contusion, all without an appearent Character also of redness or Erysipelum, Tumors, Inflammations, Impostumes, Cancers, Pustles, Scabs, Clefts, Corrosions, Wounds and Ulcers, in which there are signs, which are the disease it self) are cold, or hot, or dry distemper of blood, or other Humor gathered in those parts, or Solu∣tion of continuity.

When the parts are not used to be touched, as the soals of the Feet, sides, Arm-holes and Privities, they are sub∣ject to ticklishness, or when any thing toucheth the Face gently, or creepeth, there is tickling, or titillation.

A cold distemper, causeth the cold pain in the superficies of the Body, from Air, Wind, or Water, or Snow, or Ice, and not solution of continuity, by freesing that presseth forth, the thin moisture. This pain is greater, when the part is Nervous, or not used to cold, or Air. There∣fore the Face, because it is not covered, though it be very sensible, yet it is not so sensible of cold as other parts, that are usualy covered. Also cold is very grievous to Ulcers or wounds that have the skin off. And this pain is greatest, when there is a sudden change from very hot to very cold. If this happen to the Hands as it is usual, there is that great pain in the the Fingers ends, called in high Dutch Kuneglen.

A hot distemper causeth a hot pain, from the Air, made hot by the Sun or o∣therwise, or from water, or the like, when there is burning in the body and not In∣flammation. Also this hot pain may come from too ma∣ny cloths, which disturb and cause sweat. Also the body is inflamed with excercise. And there may be preterna∣tural heat in the Hands and Feet, from internal causes, which some attribute to the heat of the Liver. Also in hot diseases, especially Feavers, there is a perplexing heat internal and external.

Dryness of the skin causeth that roughness, which offendeth the touch, in tender people especially. This roughness may also come from external

Air that is dry, or from the touching of dry and astrin∣gent things. When the skin is made hard by labor, it rather diminisheth the sense of touching, then depraveth it. Somtimes the skin is extraordinarily cleft; as in the Hands, Feet, Lips, Fundament, &c. This dryness may come from the causes mentioned, or from cold or heat, as in Feavers we find the skin cleft and the Lips, from the heat of breath. And there may be clefts in the Hands and Feet, from cold Air and water. And in extraordinary cold that is long, when it beats upon a part where the skin is thick, there may be great clefts, which turn to Ulcers, they are called Perni∣ones. As in the soals of the Feet and Palms of the Hands and in the Ears and Nostrils, because they want flesh to defend them. This the cold doth by astringing, drying and wrinkling the Skin. And if it extinguish the heat, it is most dangerous.

Blood flowing to any superficial parts, as to the Skin, Flesh and Glandules, causeth divers diseases; When it doth not only moisten the parts, which is natural for nou∣rishment, but fil and inflame them. And if blood flow to the skin, except the scarf skin which admits no blood, it causeth Erysipelas, in which there is redness from the blood, shining through the scarse ski••: and before it is sixed or swol∣len, the part being pressed the red∣ness flies away and returnes again, as we see in other parts, it comes to pass from the blood coming and go∣ing in the Cheeks. But if the blood be hot, the burning is the worst pain, and it is as the blood is. For if it be thin and hot, there is a simple Erysipelas which comes and goes sooner. If it be thick, there is a great Erysipelas Phleg∣mon, if waterish, there is Erysipelas oedematous: this is gentler but longer. If the blood be Cholerick, the Ery∣sipelas turns yellow, and burns more, and eats off the scarf skin. If the choller be green or black it is seen by the color and ends in perverse Ulcers, or malignant if it be infectious.

If the blood be gathered in the flesh and skin, it causeth swelling and Inflammation with redness and pain from distention and heat, and when the blood is discussed the Tu∣mor is gone. If it suppurate or grow ripe, it is an Impostume, which breaking makes an Ulcer, and the matter is more, when the blood is much and the substance of the part corrupted. And if the Inflammation increase and the humor be per∣verse, and corruption follow, espe∣cially a wound in the Nerves, that pernicious Ulcer, called in high Dutch Slidwasser, which gleets with Water is begotten, and the Nerves being corrupted, there is less of motion. But if the Inflammation increase and there comes no suppuration, but corruption of the natural heat be extinct, a Spha∣tel.

If blood flow upon the flesh rather then the skin, as up∣on the Muscles outward in the belly, breast, neck or back there are Inflammations, but not red or manifestly swol∣len, as in other, as in the Pleurisie and Quinsies. If the blood flow to divers places there will be pustles, as I shewed. And if it be in the pores, there will be many little scabs.

These Inflammations are divers in respect of the blood, if it be pure, the Inflammation is simple. If thin and not only gathered, but dispersed partly upon the skin, it caus∣eth a Phlegmon with Erysipelas, if thick the Inflammation will be blewer called a Scirrhus, which rather follows, then accompanyeth an Inflammation. If the blood be waterish, the Phlegmon wil be Aedematous, in which the Serum sent further into the skin, makes an Aedematous tu∣mor about: as we see blood doth, when sprinkled upon linnen. If other humors, as choller, yellow, green or black, or sharp and malignant, be in the blood, the In∣flammation is worse, and the heat of the blood, when the Inflammation lyeth deep, will make the rotten flesh part from the sound, in a Coate which will be in the tumor, when opened, as in furunculus,

If Blood flow upon other parts di∣stinct from the flesh and skin, and ga∣thereth together, it causeth a hot tu∣mor and inflammation: as when it fals upon the kernels or glandules in the Emunctuaries. This is usual be∣cause nature sooner dischargeth her self in ignoble parts, especially being spungy and placed by the divisions of the great veins. Hence comes the pain and hot tumor in Bubo and Parotis behind the Ear, and Inflammation and sup∣puration in Phygethlon or Panus: as we shewed. These differ as the blood is pure or impure, thin or thick, crude, simple, or mixed, with other crude humor or waterish, from whence come Phyma, or with pernitious and in∣fectious humors, from whence comes the Pestilent and Pocky Bubo.

If Blood flow into other parts, as in∣to the breasts or stones, into which it easily floweth, by reason of the plenty of Veins, or into the spungy parts, as the Privities, Fundament and Mouth, or into parts that have gristles, as the Nose and Ears, or into the joynts: it causeth hot tumors and Inflammations in them, which differ as the blood is pure or impure, and as the parts are more tender, nervous and sensible.

The efficient cause of blood thus flowing into the su∣perficial parts, is the expulsive faculty, when it is troub∣led with it, either offending in quantity or quality. The helping cause, is the disposition of the blood being apt to flow, and the readiness of the parts to receive it. These causes whether one or more come from these follo∣wing.

As Plethory or abundance of blood, which is burthen∣some to nature, and therefore sent by her, both to inward and to outward parts. Sometimes it flows of it self and somtimes from some light cause. Therefore young peo∣ple that grow, have swollen or waxing kernels, from a∣bundance of blood; and by handling, they break into Bu∣boes. Or when the blood is too hot or thin, it is apt to flow, and being much it stirs up the expulsive faculty to send it forth, and then it causeth Erysipelas or divers In∣flammations, according to its nature. So in a Synoch Fe∣vers, Erysipelas, as comes from hot blood sent from the Veins into the skin.

Also another humor or quality offensive to nature, may provoke her to send out blood, while she expels the hu∣mor: and thence tumors may be. So when the cause of the disease is sent from the Veins with the blood in the Crisis of a Fever: there is a tumor in the declination of the disease. And when the Pestilent quality is sent to the Emunctuaries with the blood in a Pestilent Fever, there is a Bubo Pestilent: and when the poyson of the Pox is sent to the Groyn, there is a Venereal Bubo: as we shewed.

Pain causeth Tumors and Inflam∣mation, (not by attraction, as it is usually thought) but by stirring up nature to expel the cause, by which means the blood floweth: this is in the outward parts, when they are pressed, strook or b••uised, by which is pain. Or if pain come from any disease, and if the Inflammation be increased a new by the pain, if there be Impostume, Pustle, Wound, burn Ulcer or Inflammation therewith, or with any other dis∣ease

causing this pain. Also Pustles inflamed from scrat∣ching come from pain which follows, though at the first it seems pleasant. Also it often comes to pass, that not on∣ly the part pained swelleth, but the adjacent parts if they be apt to receive Defluxions, as the Kernels in the Groins, Arm-pits, and behind the Ears, when there is any pain from the Causes or Diseases montioned. And a trouble∣som Scab in these parts, hath commonly a Bubo accompa∣nying it. And the pestilential Bubo comes as I shewed, not so much from the Plague, as from the burning and pain of the Carbuncle near it.

Also these Pains are longer and worse, when the blood easily and constantly flows thither, and the part is conti∣nually pained. As when there are swell'd Leggs in a Dropsie, if the skin be open, there is a constant Flux of water which by its corruption through long abiding in the Body, is pernicious and corroding; And also of blood being thin, which causeth the perverse and ulcerated Ery∣sipelas which so easily gangraenes.

When outward heat doth long or much afflict the skin, it doth not only make it thin, but inflames it, and the blood near to it, and makes it flow, causing Erysipe∣las or Inflammations, especially in tender and sanguine Constitutions, and such as are subject thereto. As when they sit too long by the sire and burn their Shins, or inflame them∣selves by long suning. As I did by riding in a hot day when I was young, my Boots were so hot that they made my Leggs burn, and look red two dayes after. This I have had often, and it came at first with red Spots, which tur∣ned first blew, after yellow, and then vanished. They may also come from hot water, and after bathing, as the pustles called in high Dutch Eyssen, when in the time of the Bodies being hot, they use cold water, which causeth a sudden re∣percussion, so that the Blood flies back suddenly and returns with pain. Also other moderate heat may cause Itch, and that scratching, and so pustles. Also Inflammation of particular parts may cause them, as of the Roots of the Nails. Then they are called Paronychiae, as when Maids by washing their Hands in foul hot water often, do cause their Nails to be crooked, and the Roots inflamed.

Also other excrementitious and pre∣ternatural Humors thrown to the skin, and there fixed cause pustles, as blood dispersed into divers parts, and these may grow greater, and turn into Ulcers, small or great, or corroding, or venemous, as the quality is.

Humors that have an occult quality that is malignant, produce a little swelling or pustle, according to their Ve∣nom.

A venemous Humor so infecteth the parts, that somtimes at first there is a little Tumor which only causeth a little pricking, but is most dangerous, in that it will not away; because while it is nourished with the other parts of the Body, it makes the Nourishment like unto it self, and converts it into Venom, and so increaseth by degrees, and grows broader and deeper, and at length becomes a Cancer, consisting of a fleshy substance full of Veins, with no In∣flammation or Tumor, but Blood in the Veins, which itcheth and pricketh, which shews its malignity by its constant increase, till there is an Ulcer, and then it goes no further but with its Claws that come from the Body it creeps on, we know the whole to be malignant, because if it be not taken out by the Root, it cannot be cured, and the least portion remaining will grow again.

It is a hard thing to know whence this Matter and Poy∣son first comes, or to describe the Nature of it but by the effect. But that it came by Touch and Infection, because the Elephantiasis whose Cause is the same with that of the Cancer, and therefore is called the gene∣ral Cancer comes from Contagion, but the Cancer is worst, because the Humors are all in one place. And as there are few that have Cancers, so are there sew Lepers, for the Venom lyeth lurking in the Veins, and comes to the part infected with the Blood, and when the Cancer in∣creaseth, it weakneth the Body by degrees. And this may be an argument, that there is a Contagion in the breeding of a Cancer, because I knew two Women that attended u∣pon two other that had Cancers a long time in their Breasts, that consumed them which were themselves infect∣ed with Cancers, and perished therby after long torment, the one being near of kin to her Mistriss. But we cannot yeeld that it comes from Melancholy, for these reasons: For if it comes from Natural Melancholy, which they say is the Dreggs of the Blood, there would some signs thereof appear, and such blood would be there gathered out of the Vessels, if there should be a Tumor or Inflam∣mation, which are not. And if it come from preternatu∣ral Melancholy, there would be at the first coming a bur∣ning, corroding, and blackness, as in the Carbuncle which is not so, but a Cancer is like Flesh, and not very painful.

A pestilent Pustle comes from poy∣son of another Nature, which we call a Carbuncle, with venemous force, and with little burning, but with itching and pricking, only as I said of a Can∣cer; somtimes with Inflammation round about, and a Bubo hard by, which corrupteth the part, and mollifieth till it falls out back from the sound.

This poyson comes from that pestilent Poyson that got into the Body, and caused a pestilent Feaver by its destru∣ctive quality and heat, as I shewed when it gets outward. And we shewed in pestilential Feavers, that I and others have been infected with pestilent Pustles taken outward∣ly.

Some Humors cause Scabs, Itch, and Carbuncles, by a manifest qua∣lity that corrodes and burns, and Pu∣stles with Ulcers; these are either preternatural, yellow, and green, and black Choler, or salt, sharp, or ma∣lignant, and go the Superficies of the Body, with the blood and serum, and cause pustles and in∣flammations, if they come with blood or pain; or they come without this Flux from the Veins by sweat, accord∣ing to the diversity of these Humors, are different Scabs, Itch, and Carbuncles, as we shall shew.

If in the common moist Scab, there be Itch and corro∣ding without great burning, the Humor is not so hot but salt, and gentle Choler, or tempered with water, is fallen from the Veins upon the skin, when there is no redness or Inflammation: But if there be, they shew it come with blood moved by scratching or pain, as also may appear by the suppuration that follows. When those things are as in the worst Scab, with yellow or green Matter, it comes from thicker and worse Choler, as the colour shews, as in Terminthis and Epinyctis, the pustles are very burning, with Inflammation and Suppuration following. Especially in a Carbuncle are the pustles very burning, which shews that they come from very hot Choler, and the Feaver shews they come from Blood, and their sudden appearing shews that they come from Defluxion. And we cannot gather that black Choler was the Cause, by their black∣ness, because others are black when they are dry. But from the great Heat that burns and corrupts the skin, and makes it black, and will not let them suppurate, we may conclude that either black Choler or green was the cause.

This ••••ews that the pustles in Herpes come not from a Flux of Humors, but from a Collection made there, be∣cause they come by degrees without Inflamation. And if the Herpes be called Miliaris, there is great Heat and Pu∣stles dry, and therefore the Choler was yellow, milder, and thinner, and went to the Superficies of the skin. If it be Herpes Esihiomenus the Choler is worse and green, and

it is deeper in the Flesh. The malignity appears by its corroding and creeping on, and when it creepethno far∣ther, it causeth Impetigo.

In that kind of dry Scab which is called the Itch, be∣cause no moisture appears, we conclude that the Choler is pure, but thinner then in Herpes miliaris: Or that the Humor is salt and dryed, the skin shews which grows red by scratching. And the like Humor is in Impetigo, deeper and broader. This by continuance turns worse, and causeth Psora, which cometh from salt water that is infectious and corroding, as appears by the constant sweat, which vapo∣ring away, wet not but rather dry the skin. This Venom may come from a long continuing Scab, which infecteth the skin when it turneth the Nourishment into corrupt Humors; this is the worse sort of Scab called the Greek Leprosie or Arabian Leprosie, which cannot be cured by reason of the fault in assimulation or nourishment.

As for Phlyctaenae, it is plain that they come from wa∣ter carried under the scarse skin, which divides it from the true skin and maketh Blysters, because water comes forth when they break. If this water be pure, there is no pain while they are whole but when they break, and the true skin is hurt.

But if the water be salt as appears by itching, or mixed with Choler, as appears by the yellowness, when they o∣pen, the heat is greater; and if this Humor sweat forth long, they creep, and then it is called Herpes phlyctae∣nodes.

These salt, sharp, cholerick Humors which cause the Herpes and Carbuncles, come from Diet when it is apt to breed such or turn into Choler, as we shewed in Feavers. For if in the first or second Concoction they are not sepa∣rated from the Blood, but lye long in the Meseraicks, they grow worse, and either get into the hollow Vein, with the Blood and Serum, and ••o to the Superficies of the Body, or there they are heaped up. Therefore intemperate Li∣vers, and such as use bad Diet, and are Chacochymical, are subject to these. Also the same Excrements may be gathered from Distemper of the Bowels, or be derived from the Parents: And some think they come from the menstrual blood. And they go to the skin by Natures benefit, which expels them when they are bound, and by other Causes, as heat and motion. As we shewed speak∣ing of Tumors from Blood.

Solution of Continuity causeth divers kinds of pains in the Superficies of the Body, with Ulcers, as Excoriations, and Wounds, and Clefts, or without Ulcers; as the cause was internal or external.

The external Causes of Solution of Continuity, are Compression, Disten∣sion, or Contusion, with outward hurt, but inward separation of the smal Veins which causeth pain, which we call Distention or stretching, as from a stroak or weight or pulling the Hair: Hence comes the Rhagades or Clefts in the Fundament from hard Excrements.

When the skin is scratched off there is Intertrigo or Rawness, this comes after riding as galling, or long Diseases and lying, and from scratching with the Nails. And the moist Itch is when the skin is most scrat∣ching, and Humors that are salt or cholerick come forth, and it is worse when there are little Tumors from rubbing and they break. Intertrigo or Pustles of the Privities come so, from cholerick sweat which putrefieth in these parts easily, and causeth itching.

Cuts, Pricks, Stroaks, cause Wounds, all these when they suppurate are ulcers. These are with a sharp or blunt Tool. If the Instrument be infected with poyson, the Wounds will be venemous, or rusty, or if the weapon be toucht with Garlick, or a bullet dipt in grease, or if a sword or tool be otherwise poysoned, the wound will be venemous.

Taking off the skin by Medicines or the like, ulcerateth and inflameth, and also sharp Urin doth the same in Childrens Hips.

Burning separates the scarse skin from the true skin, and causeth a bladder or blyster, which breaketh and leaves the skin bare; when it is deeper it causeth an Ulcer or Eschar. This may be from heat of the Sun, which blysters the naked Body, or from hot or sclading Oyl and Water which takes off the skin, inflames and brings perverse Ulcers; or from Fire which makes Blysters and Ulcers; or from burning Me∣dicines, Vesicatories and Cauteries, among which some mortifie, and cause an Eschar without pain. Also a Net∣tle sends in fire with its prickles, which causeth first Heat, then Blysters.

Biting of beasts causeth uneven and deep wounds, which suppurate and turn to ulcers; and these are worse when the spittle is venemous, as in some beasts. And it is known that the biting of a man hath caused dangerous wounds by his spittle, especially when he hath been fasting and angry, because the spittle is most cholerick, as appears by the same. I knew a Fisher-mans Wife that was bitten by her angry Husband in her right hand, and dyed of a venemous Ulcer caused thereby with a Feaver. And I knew two more that lay long sick, and were with great difficulty recovered of Feavers, by bites given by their fellow-drunkards in their fingers. There is from biting of a mad Dog or other Beast, not only a ve∣nemous wound, but other horrid symptoms: As we shewed in Hydrophos. Also if the bite be very small, if the Ve∣nom of the spittle get in, as of a Weezle or Mouse, there may be a perverse wound, or of a Viper or Serpent, or the like, the whole Body is poysoned.

When beasts by their stings or other∣wise make wounds, though solution of Continuity scarse appear, yet because there is a burning or evil quality sent in∣to the part, there is a great pain, inflam∣mation, and tumor; as we see in stinging of Bees or Waspes, when they leave their horny stinges in the wounds: If they come from worse Creatures, as from the crooked stinge of a Scorpion, then the poyson infects the whole Body. And as Nicander and Dioscorides shew the same may be from divers other venemous beasts, whereby the Body being only prickt in one part, may suffer in di∣vers. These we shall not speak of, because they are not troublesom in our Countrys: As also we shal not speak of the Harms, stinging of Flies, Gnats, and Fleas, which are only itching, with a red spot.

The internal Causes of these Solutions of Continuity, are Humors which while they cause tumors and pustles, do also cor∣rode and ulcerate: Or those Tumors ul∣cerate, and cause it as we shewed. Name∣ly how matter bred of Inflammations sup∣purated, produceth Imposthumes and then Ulcers, which with other Humors coming to them, grow worse, as by blood inflamed, or by other malignant Humors, malignant. And also how from this pernicious Matter breeding a Cancer, it may be ulcera∣ted, and how a hollow Ulcer may follow the burnt and corrupt Flesh, that falls out of the pestilential Carbuncle. And how from cholerick Serum and sharp Humors that produce Carbuncles, Herpes, and Scabs of all sorts, there may arise malignant Ulcers, as in Carbuncle, and corroding as in Herpes, and foul with Matter as in the moist Scab, and dry with Clefts, as in the dry Scab: And also how the skin comes off from the Serum that causeth Phlyctenae.

Also without Pustles or Tumors go∣ing before, the skin may be cleft by a sharp, salt, drying Humor, when the part is tender or spungie as the Lips,

Fundament and Privites. Hence come the Rhagades or clefts, which by reason of the exquisite sense of those parts are very painful and burning.

When a thick Salt humor is gathered between the thick skin of the Head and the Skul, and there long kept till it pu∣trefie about the roots of the Hairs, and eates through the skin in divers places, there is a Tinea, Favus or scald Head. And the Humor is Malignant, because it is infectious in Children.

Corroding Phagadaenical Ulcers breed and are nourished with sharp and malig∣nant waterish Humors. Which are cheifly in the Legs, by falling down of the Hu∣mors. Also these Humors carried with the blood to some Vein near to an Ulcer and enlarging and washing the Ulcer; keep it from hea∣ling, as we shewed in a Varicous Ulcer. The Original of these Humors, is as of those that cause Herpes and Scabs.

When the Privities are infected by Malignant Humors, from unclean Co∣pulation, there are Ulcers, as in the Glans and Praepuce. And the Ulcers in the French Pox and Leprosie are a∣like. But the nature of these humors are known only by the effect, being infectious.

The Cure.

The Cure of solitary pains which have no Character external but themselves, as itch and tickling, ho•• and cold pains, or roughness of Skin, because they are not great, nor last long, but depart with the cause removed, is not hard. As thus.

If tickling come of it self it is not long, but if it be by outward force it is a torment into∣lerable and it weakneth and causeth convulsi∣ons, which must be cured.

A light Itch will cease of it self, if you be patient and forbear scratching. If it be great, it is cured by a pleasant scrubbing. If it con∣tinue or return and the cause be external, as Lice &c. It shall be cured as in them. If it be internal from a humor, because it hath with it commonly scabs or pustles, it shall be spoken of in them. But if it be without other mani∣fest disease in divers parts and continue, use Evacuations, Baths, as in the scab. If it be in Womens Privities, you must put Oyntments or the like into them.

If pain come from cold Air, Wind, Water or Snow, and cease not when they are gone, you must by degrees bring the body to a natural heat, least the sudden change, from extream cold to extream heat, bring incon∣veniences, or that called in high Dutch Runeglen or pain in the Hand. It is good to come into a temperate room, or to exercise violently if the feet be cold from riding, or beat the Arms like Watermen, or to apply skins, furrs or feathers, or put the Hands into the Hair, or wash them in warm water before you come to the fire. If after these the native heat be weakned, use Fomentations, Baths and hot Oyntments, as in astonishment and Palsie, as Oyl of Euphorbium and Peppers: Or take Pellitory of Spain, Pepper, each two drams; Euphorbium a dram, Oyl of Wall∣flowers and Wax and Oyl of Spike and Spices with Musk, Amber and Civet.

Oyl of Nettles, or wherein Nettles are boyled, is a sin∣gular remedy: and to preserve the Hands against cold, and also Goose grease.

If a hot pain come from heat of the Sun, or motion, or baths and cease not, the cause being removed, you must not sudenly cool which is dangerous, as we have known some who in violent heats have staied long in Cellars un∣der ground and caught Feavers and dangerous De∣fluxions and Apoplexies. Therefore it is best to go first into some temperate place or Arbor. If the heat conti∣nue to Inflammation or Synoch, Cure that. If it be in the palms of the Hands or soals of the Feet, because it comes from internal causes and foresheweth or accompa∣nyeth diseases, Cure them.

If there be roughness or hardness of the Skin, which hinders and troubles touching in dainty people, use moist∣ners, as in Deformity. If there be clefts see Ulcers.

If there be pain from pressing or stretching without manifest solution of continuity, it ceaseth with it, but if you fear Tumor or Inflammation, we shew you how to prevent them in a Phlegmon.

The Cure of pains in the superficies, that have manifest diseases, is as Erysipelas, Phlegmon and Tumors from contusion or glandules, or as Impostumes from Inflamma∣tion, or as a Cancer, or as Pustles, as Carbuncles, Herpes, Scab, or as Ulcers, or corruption of parts, as Gangreen, or foul bones.

If an Erysipelass be without a Feaver from an external cause, or if the Feaver be little, only Cure the Erysipelas. If a Sy∣noch follow look first to the Feaver, as in Feavers first you must be sure to pre∣vent the Carbuncle, if it be customary, as in old people. And after you must regard the Feaver, if it be not preven∣ted, by sweating, bleeding, purging, altering heat, and o∣ther accidents.

But as to Erysipelas as alone, when it burns not much, it must not be over much cooled, but kept warm to dis∣perse it with gentle means, by wrapping it in Linnen that is soft and a little unctious, as some think.

Or wrap it in a Saffron clout: Take Saffron a dram, Plantane, Privet, Night-shade, Roses, each an ounce; Rose vinegar half an ounce: let them stand warm till the water is dryed, then dip a clout in it, apply it wet at first and warm. Or apply scarlet, which doth dissolve and streng∣then the part.

Or Fume the part with Mastick, Frankincense, Amber, or Juniper or Sanders burnt.

These gentle remedies are most usual, because the pa∣tient feareth strong and moist means.

When an Erysipelas with a Phlegmon or alone, is very burning, or hath Pustles or Blisters. Take heed of an Ulcer, which is dangerous, at first stop the Flux of blood from the part allay heat and abate pain, and then by de∣grees consume and digest the matter.

At first to repel and allay heat, use coolers with a little astringents, by Fomentations. This is approved of others, but ours will not wet the part and think that wet, causeth all accidents. They are deceived from hence, because they hear that a Gangreen comes from a cooled Erysipe∣las, that suppose it is from moisture. But the Refrigera∣tion in a Gangreen, is rather a Mortification and Extin∣ction of the native heat, from two great Inflammation, then from the introducing of a cold quality.

Therefore cold water with the third part Vinegar, may be used as in Arthritis from blood, with a clout or wooll. Dioscorides bids use Vinegar alone with the white of an Egg to allay pain, or Juyces, or distil'd waters of Plants, or Vinegar of Roses.

Apply these Herbs green, bruised, or heated, or boy∣led, or with Bran and Vinegar, as Plantane, Nightshade, Shep-heard purse, Knot-grass, Purslane, Sorrel, Housleek, Vine leaves, Endive, Lettice, Grundsill or Lens-Palustris, Cotyledon, Liver-wort, Lonchytis, Willow Ieaves, Alder, Reeds, Privet, Cypress, Myrtle, Bramble, Sumach, Flea∣bane, flowers of Roses, Violets, Water-lillies, the great Antirrhinum and of Ras-berries.

Or use the juyces with Plantane and Rose water, as an Epitheme or Vinegar and red Wine, the white of an Egg, Camphire and red Sanders.

Or the Decoction of the five-leaved-Grass, Plantane, Housleek, Purslane, Vine leaves, Privet, Myrtles with Barley▪ and in the increase, Chamomil, Melilot slowers, Roses, Fenugreek, Oyntment of Roses, with Camphire and Galens cool Oyntment, or that of Housleek, Oyl of Violets, Goosegrease and Saffron.

Or: Take Oyl of Roses two ounces, of Water-lillies or Vio∣lets an ounce, juyce of Plantane and Nightshade, each an ounce and an half; Vinegar of Roses an ounce, Camphire a dram with the white of an Egg, or Mucilage of Fleabane an ounce and an half, and Turpentine.

Plates of Lead are good to repel.

When you fear an Ulcer, add dryers to your coolers, as Oyntment of Ceruss, Album made of Ceruss, white Wax and Oyl of Roses with the white of an Egg and Camphire, or with Ceruse and Oyl boyled, and Ly∣tharge.

Or: Take Litharge an ounce and half, Ceruss two drams, juyce of Plantane or Nightshade two ounces, Vinegar of Roses half an ounce, Oyl of Roses two ounces, mix them well in a Leaden Mortar, dip clouts and apply them, or with white Wax, make an Oyntment.

Or thus: Take the white Troches of Rhasis two drams, Sarcocol a dram, Lytharge burnt and washed Lead, each a dram and an half; Oyl of Roses two ounces, juyce of Plantane an ounce, white of an Egg and Mucilage of Quince seeds an ounce, add half a dram of Opium to abate pain.

Or to allay pain use Cowcumbers, Anguria, deadly Nightshade, Herb true-love cut and bruised, or pulp of Cassia.

Or Henbane leaves or Tobacco, crude or roasted; Pop∣py heads, roots of Mandrakes with Bran and Vinegar to repel. Dioscorides useth juyce of Hemlock, we use juyce of Henbane.

Half a dram of Opium with half as much Saffron, may be added to the former. And this is the cause why the Chirurgions use Treacle in Oyntments.

Populeon cooleth and easeth.

Or thus: Take Populcon an ounce and an half, Oyl of Henbane, Mandrakes or Poppy seeds half an ounce, Muci∣lage of Fleabane seeds an ounce, Saffron a scruple, and a lit∣tle Opium.

Or this Epithem: Take Milk three ounces, Oyl of Roses an ounce and an half, white of an Egg or Mucilage of Flea∣bane seed an ounce, Vinegar half an ounce, Opium half a dram, Saffron a scruple.

In the progress when the heat abates, to dissolve, when the part looks not so red and is yellowish, or at first if the heat be little: Use Coleworts, Pellitory of the wall, Mal∣lows, white Lillies, Mulleine, also leaves of Ricinus, Stra∣tiotes, Acinos, Fetherfew or Parthenium, roots of Al∣kanet and Lychopsis, and of Clowns-Allheal with the square stalk, which is so highly commended: bruise and apply them.

Or dip clouts in Oyl of Roses and Wine, and squeeze and apply them to ease pain and discuss.

Or boyl Oyl and red wine: thus, Take of them equal parts, cover them in a close Vessel, boyl them gently till they make no noise.

It is good to discuss, to anoynt with hot blood, especi∣ally menstrual, as saith Dioscorides.

Or with Urin to stop itching and to dry. Dioscorides useth the Sediments, or fetling thereof, adding Vinegar and Eggs.

Dioscorides also commends Goats or Sheeps dung boy∣led in Wine or Vinegar.

Others commend Inke, but it is too sharp without cold waters or juyces. And I knew an Impostor that concealed a Gangreen thereby. Dioscorides useth rust of Iron and burnt Vitriol, or Chalcitis, or Salt and Vine∣gar.

These strong Medioines are best in ignoble parts, not in the Face and Nerves: when there is need of great dry∣ing.

Dissolve the residents with Fomentations and Oynt∣ments, and strengthen the part as we shewed in Arth••itis, as with Lyes of divers sorts, and Spaw waters to p••e∣vent.

Wash the Feet with water wherein Vitriol, or Oak, or Ivy leaves, or red Roses, or Sloes, or Grapes are stee∣ped.

Or put them into the Wine press, or into Grapes stampt with Iron water and Vinegar.

If there be Erysipelas in the Face, wash it often with red Wine, Rose, Plantane and Nightshade water, and Vine∣gar.

If the Legs have an Oedema after the Erysipelas, use things as in Oedema, if it ulcerate or grangreen. See them.

Phlegmon or Inflammation is of di∣vers kinds, but we shall speak only of them, which differ not much. Such as are in the skin, as Phlegmon with Erysi∣pelas or Oedema. Or with little Tumors, or Pustles that ulcerate and turn to scabs. Also of In∣flammations in spungy parts, as Privities, Paps, Funda∣ment, Mouth, and in the Gristles of the Nose and Ears. And of those in the joynts and ends of the Fingers called Paronychia, prescribing to all their particular remedies. Of the Tumors and Inflammations of the Glandules, we shall speak hereafter, and of the Impostume that comes from all Tumors.

Of these phlegmons the greatest and fullest of pain are the worst, and they which are in noble parts, or near to them, as in the Face, Organs of sense, or in very sen∣sible parts, as in the Fundament, Yard, or Womb, or in the joynts, or Fingers. Many of these Impe∣stumate, and then ulcerate, and hurt the noble part, other gangreen and cause loss of parts or deaths. Others turn into a Scirrhus, which hinders the bending of the joynts.

Blood-letting, is the chief remedy against all, if there be plethory, both to prevent and cure. Also it revels and derives from the part, and helps the Feaver if it be there.

Also we revel and derive with Scarifications, Cupping, Ligatures and Friction. And it is good in plethory, when the Terms or Haemmorrhoids bleed, and to di∣vert.

If the body be foul, loosen the Belly and purge to pre∣vent, especially when people are subject to Inflamma∣tion. And the Cure will be the easier when the body is clean. Also some Laxatives do revel the blood slowing to the part, they must not be strong to stir or inflame the Body.

Also use alterers against the phlegmon and Feaver in meats and Medicines that cool the blood.

Topicks are to be used in all, first they must repel the blood flowing to the part, and abate heat and pain, and then dissolve the matter; and if it tend to suppuration, they must Cure the Impostume and Ulcer. And they must be chosen according to the Inflammation, as it is great or little and according to the part.

We repel the humor flowing with astringents and coo∣lers, choosing the strongest when the heat is great, especi∣ally in Furunculus; And if the Flux be great and the In∣flammation also, and in the Face, or Joynts and noble parts. In the other we use more gentle repellers. Espe∣cially if the Inflammation be about the Jaws or Breast, least it cause a Quinsie or pleurisie. To these repellers, when the Defluxion abateth, we add gentle resolvers and anodynes, if there be pain: Thus,

Actual coolers are vulgarly used, if we sear Inflamma∣tion, from a stroak, or bruise, to prevent swelling, as a cold Stone, Iron, Lead, or Ice: Or cold water. This

must not be done, but at the first, least the blood congeal and will not after be discussed.

Some commend the putting the Finger presently in cold water, in Paronychia or Fellon: or in hot Vinegar, but boyling water is best.

Make repellers of green Herbs, that are both potenti∣ally and actually cold, as of Plantane, Nightshade, Hous∣leek, knot Grass. With Vinegar, Oyl of Roses, Myrtles, Quinces and Barley meal.

Apply Acrons bruised and Sloes.

Or Bran fryed in Vinegar, or Rice, and Water of∣ten.

Or red Rose Cakes, with red Wine and Vinegar, or Roses.

Or: Take the Juyces of the Herbes mentioned six ounces, Rose vinegar and red Wine three ounces, Oyl of Roses, Myr∣tles, or Privet an ounce and an half, with pouder of Bistort roots and Pomegranate peels, each a dram; Mrytle or Barberry seeds, Bole three drams, after you have stir'd them in a Lea∣den Morter, make an Oyntment, or with Vinegar and whites of Egs and Barley meal, a Pultis.

The usual defensative against Inflammations, is of Bole Vinegar and whites of Egs and Oyl of Roses. You may add Sanguis Draconis, Blood-stone, and rust of Iron and sealed Earth, Coral and Camphire.

When there is pain, repel thus, add the fourth part of red Wine Vinegar to Milk, Bole, and the white of an Eg.

Or wash with Vinegar and Water.

Three or four pound of Quick-silver allayeth heat and pain, being in a Bladder and applied.

So doth Juyce, Decoction and distilled water of Herbs, with pouders aforesaid.

Or foment with Oyl of Roses, or Violets, and rowl the part.

In Paronychia or Fellon, make a Bath for the Finger of five leaved Grass, Wormwood, Agrimony, Straw-berry leaves, Myrtle-berries with Wine.

A repelling Oyntment: Take juyce of Plantane, Hous∣leek two ounces, Vinegar an ounce, Oyl of Roses two ounces and an half, Vinegar an ounce, Bole half an ounce, with the white of an Egg, and a little Turpentine, afterwards to digest, add Ceruss, Cadmia and Litharge.

Or: Take juyce of sower Pomegranate•• two ounces, of Nightshade and Rose water, each an ounce and an half; Cam∣phire a dram, anoynt; add Barley flower to make it stick. This is approved in Inflammation of the Nose.

As in Etysipelas, so here you may use Oyntments of Roses, Poplar, and Ceruss, and plates of Lead also.

In great Inflammations, and when they are parts ex∣quisitely sensible, use chiefly things to asswage pain. As Anodynes that cherish with their temperate heat. Or Narcoticks that dull the sense. These are not to be used alone, when we sear suppuration, but in case of necessity, because they digest, but at the first, add repellers and in the progress resolvers. But when you desire to digest, you may use Narcoticks alone, safely.

The same Narcoticks and Anodynes may be used, as in Erysipelas and these following: As Snayles not beaten, with the shells, least they be too rough; but taken out may be applied

And leaves of Henbane and Mandrakes baked in the Embers with Hogs grease and a little Saffron.

Or use this Cataplasm: Take white Bread or Flower a pound, boyl it in springe Water and Proper stilled Water and Milk with Mucilage of Fleabane two ounces, three Egs, Oyl of Rose three ounces, Hogs grease an ounce, Saffron a dram.

This is proper against a Paronychia or Fellon: boyl crums of Bread in Milk with the white of an Egg and a little Turpentine, and to ease pain, add Mucilage of Flea∣bane seed, with Barley meal, Opium and Camphire, and after to heal, add Pouder of Galls

Or this Cataplasm against any Phlegmon: Take the Emollient herbs two handfuls, Althaea two ounces, flowers of Chammomil, Melilote, Roses, Bran, each a pugil: boyl and bruise them, add Oyl, Butter, Grease and Saffron.

Or bruise Fleabane, or its seed, with Oyl of Roses and a little Vinegar, and apply it, or boyl it with Milk and Althaea roots and add fats.

Or use the Mucilage of Fleabane with the white of an Egg, Juyces and sats.

The Plaster of Diachylon the less by Mesue made of Mucilages of Fleabane and Henbane easeth pain and di∣gesteth.

Oyl of the Apples of Strychnodendron, and of the fruite of the Balsamine tree called Momordica, is an appro∣ved remedy, and so is Oyl of Henbane seed.

The Chirurgions ease pain with an Egg raw beaten with Oyl of Roses and Bole to repel.

And to digest also they use Oyl of Roses, yolks of Egs and Ceruss.

There is an Oyntment called Anodynum, made of Oyl of Lillies, Dill, Chamomil, Ducks and Hens grease to take away pain.

Or this; Take Juyce of Henbane, Tobacco, Hemlock, or Poppies, Mallows, or Marsh-mallows, each two ounces; Oyl of sweet Almonds, and Roses, each two ounces; boyl them, add Mucilage of Althaea, or the like two ounces, or of Muci∣lage of Henbane seed, which is best, Butter an ounce, make an Oyntment.

The Water of Frog spawn is highly commended, and Juyce of Hemlock applied with a Clout, also raw Cray∣sish.

Also we must dissolve or discuss the Humor which is flown to the part, least by continuance it turn to Matter, and stink; which though Nature doth of her self, if it be thin, yet if she be slow in her work, she must be helped with dissolvers, which in the beginning of the increase of the disease mixed with Repellers, does it rather by dryness then heat; and after they must be used alone, and the rather if the Phlggmon be o••dematous, especially towards the De∣clination, when the heat ceaseth, adding Emollients to gentle Healers, that may discuss the Reliques, and pre∣vent a Scirrhus.

This is done by Herbs mentioned against Erysipelas, as Pellitory, Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Orage, Coleworts, Henbit, Coltsfoot, Vervain, Moulin, Scarlea, Bindweed, Elder, Dan-wort, Penny-royal, Feaversew, Achillea, Wormwood, Sesamum, Nettles, Lilly roots, Orris, Brio∣ny, wild Cowcumber, Asphodel, Lyris, Docks, Rhapon∣tick, wild Hemp, Chamomil, Melilot, Dill, Elder flowers, and Water-lillies, Foenugreek, Lineseed, Barley, Wheat, Lupins, Orobus, and Flower of Millium Panicum.

You may apply one or more of them bruised or boy∣led, as Pellitory and Scabious; or lay the whole Leaves thereon, without the Stalks.

Or make an Anodyne Oyntment of Dwarf-elder to a∣noint the part inflamed. Thus, Take Dwarfe-elder cut small, put it in a Glass phial, roule it in Dough and bake it, then take out the glass, and you shall ffnd a thick redish Oyl, a∣noint therewith.

The Herb called Paronychia is good against a Felon from whence it had its Name, the Felon is an Inflammati∣on at the Root of the Nails; as also five leaved Grass, or the skin of an Eg shell, or Dandelion, milkie Stalks, roule about the Finger.

Phlegmons may be wash'd with Juyces, Decoctions, or still'd Waters of Herbs; as that of Moulin which is best, with Rose-water.

Aqua vitae doth so dissolve, that it takes away Tumor and Inflammation presently, allaies pain: when Labourers hurt themselves, they use it.

Dioscorides commends the Lyes of Wine in all Inflam∣mations, it is good to dissolve and to asswage pain.

Also use Oyl of Chamomil, Lillies, Orris, sweet Al∣monds, or Roses, or Fats, as Oesipus of Wool or Propo∣lis.

Or bruise or boyl the Plants mentioned, with Vinegar at first, then Wine, Honey, Oyl, Fats, Turpentine, and Brans, or Meales.

Or apply Raisons as in Furunculus, with Salt, &c.

Or chew Wheat or its Flower, with Water and Honey, or with Leaven.

Or Rose cakes boyled in Lye to dissolve, adding Oyl of Chamomil, or Dill.

Or Smallage, and Henbit beaten with Tartar, and Oyl of Chamomil.

Or this Cataplasm. Take Roots of Althaea, Docks four ounces, Lillies two ounces, Pellitory, Vervain, Coltsfoot, each an handful; Feaversew, Wormwood half an handful, Chamo∣mil flowers and Roses, each a pugil; Barley meal, and Foenu∣greek four ounces, Figgs five pair, boyl them in Water, bruise and add Oyl of Roses, Chamomil, each two ounces; Hens grease an ounce and half.

Or make it of Bran or Wheat flower a pound, Pease, or Lupine flower two ounces, boyl them in Water and Honey, ad pouder of Orris, red Roses, each two drams; Myrtle seeds a dram, Saffron half a dram, Oyl of Roses and Chamomil, each an ounce and half.

A Cataplasm to digest more, and to be used in the De∣clination: Take Lilly roots three ounces, Orris, and Briony roots two ounces, Mallows, Moulin, Bindweed, Dane-wort, each a handful; Chamomil, Melilot, Elder and Rosemary flo∣wers, each half a handful; Meal of Lupins, or Orobus and Foenugreek, each two ounces; Dates six, boyl them in Honey, and Water, add Oyl of Lillies and Orris, each an ounce and an half; of Roses an ounce, Hogs grease an ounce and half, Oesi∣pus an ounce, with Saffron half a dram, make a Cataplasm.

Or this of Juyces. Take Juyce of Pellitory, Coltsfoot, Plantane, each two ounces; Mucilage of Mallows, Foenugreek, or of whites of Eggs three ounces, Honey an ounce, Oyl of Roses two ounces, anoint and add Brans, Litharge, Ceruss, Saffron, or apply the Ashes of Box tree, with Honey.

Or, Take Cow dung half a pound, Juyce of Housleek, or Nightshade two ounces, Oyl of Chamomil and Roses, each an ounce; Bole half an ounce, anoint or apply it with Meals or Bran.

Or apply Olibanum, with Foenugreek, Meal, Rosin, and Honey.

In Furunculus, especially anoint with Scammony, Ho∣ney and Oyl, or with Juyce of Thapsia, or of Mulberry∣roots.

Or with Sandarack, and Grease, or Earth Cimonia, and Vinegar, or make Plaisters of the Stone Asius, with Pitch and Rosin, according to Dioscorides.

Who commends Earth Cimolia, Samia, Burning Stone, Ostracites, Alabaster, and get also the pouder of a Whet∣stone, when it comes off by whetting Iron alone, or with Honey.

Dioscorides commends pouder of Ivory for a Felon.

And Hartman commends Balsom of Sulphur, with a Clout to be used before and after Suppuration, and ope∣ning for the same.

You may also add Urin, Lye, and white of Eggs, to the Juyces mentioned.

Or use a Decoction of Litharge in Vinegar, with whites of Eggs added, and Ceruss.

Or the Oyntments of Ceruss and Litharge mentioned in Erysipelas.

Or Diachylon magnum, or Ireatum, or Diapalma, or Colcother, or Plaister of Calcitis of Avicen to digest, or Triapharmacum, of Litharge by Mesue.

Dioscorides saith that the Root of Lyons foot is a good Amulet against Furunculus.

If there be a little Tumor from a Con∣tusion, without a manifest or great wound, (for of wounds with contusion and inward Fractures we spake else∣where) it goes of it self away, or by dis∣cussers, and the blewness vanisheth. If it be great, and an Inflammation seared, or come first, use Repellers, then Discussers, not as in Phlegmon, but with respect to the bruised Flesh and congealed Blood. And if it will not be discussed but suppurate, then use Ripeners as in Imposthumes, and after cure it as an Ulcer.

To hinder the Flux of Blood at the first after Blood-let∣ting and other Revulsions mentioned in Phlegmon; If you will use Repellers (when the flesh is bruised and hath much Blood, you must not cool as in a Phlegmon, and bind) but apply them to the circumference of the part con, used, not upon itt least the blood by them by congea∣led and stopped.

Therefore apply Repellers and Discussers also, such as are prescribed for an Inflamation in the progress; as Oyl of Roses and Myrtles, with whites of Eggs, or Mucilage of Fleabane, with astringent Pouders of Myrtles, Roses, Pomegranate flowers, Snakeweed roots, Tormentil, Dra∣gons blood, Bole, Mastick.

Or thus: Take Lentils two ounces, Myrtle seeds, and Po∣megranate flowers, each two drams; Roses, Sumach and Ta∣marisk, each a dram; Acacia, Mastick, each two drams; Frankincense, Aloes, Dragons blood, each a dram; with Oyl of Roses, Turpentine, and Wax, make a Plaister or Lini∣ment.

If there be no fear of Inflammation, discuss the congea∣led Blood, though no Tumor appears but pain only, for then to be sure the matter lyeth deep. And give internal Potions if you fear any part to be broken, or blood to flow into the Cavities or part contused, and there to congeal. These internal Potions do cure alone very often in that case, when there is pain, and little or no tumor. These shall be spoken of with vulnerary Potions, but these following are the external Remedies.

Cataplasms and Emplasters of Wormwood, Chamomil, Melilot flowers, or Roses boyled in Oyl and Wine, ad∣ding Bean flower, or Mummy, Sanguis Draconis, each a dram to a pound.

If the Head be bruised, add Bettony, and Head herbs, but not too hot, if you fear Inflammations from the pain.

Or use pouder of Wormwood, with the white of an Eg.

Or Bran boyled with pouder of wormwood, and Vine∣gar, adding Oyl of Roses or Chamomil.

Or Lilly, Dragon roots, with Honey, and Goats dung.

Or Bean flower, with Oxymel and Tar, if the Nerves be bruised, or Orobus meal.

Or Snails bruised, with Foenugreek or Bean flower.

Or Cow dung, and Oyl of Roses.

An excellent Cataplasm to take away blewness in con∣tusions. Take pouder of Comfrey roots, boyl them in water and Honey to a pound, add Juyce of Rue and Wormwood, each an ounce and an half; Cummin seed two drams.

Or, Take Comfrey roots in pouder a pound, Pouder of Chamomil, Melilot flowers and Wormwood, each an ounce; Bean and Faenugreek meal, each three ounces; Butter and the Oyls mentioned two ounces, Saffron half a dram, make a Ca∣taplasm, add Juyces and Cummin seeds. This dissolves the contused mortified Flesh.

Anoint with hot Oyls, as of Chamomil, Dill, Lillies, Elder, Dane-wort; or add Repellers, as Oyl of Myrtles.

Or, Take Capons grease and Turpentine dissolved in Ho∣ney and Aqua vitae.

Or use the Oyntment made of a Goose in Podagra mentioned, with a little Cummin and Wormwood in pou∣der.

Or use Dialthaea, with Oyl of Violets, Earth-worms, Rue, Chamomil, Goose grease, Butter and Mummy; and it is best when after anointing, you sprinkle upon the part pouder of Cummin seed.

Or Oyntment of Alabaster, Agrippa, Ceruss, or Oxy∣croceum.

Or a Lixivium of Vine ashes, with Vinegar, Salt and Honey.

Or the Asnes of Vines applied with Vinegar.

Or wash with Urin or Aqua vitae, applied with a clout

hot, and quickly after will hinder the swelling, and dis∣cuss the blood.

At the conclusion to dissolve the matter, foment with the Decoction of Dwarf-elder roots, Osmond, Sanamun∣da, wormwood, Penny-royal, Mousewort, Chamomil, Melilot, Elder flowers, and Roses.

Or wrap the part in a hot Sheeps skin new flead off, or in an Ox skin, or put the part into a hot Dunghil.

In the conclusion of the Ears, Dioscorides anoints with Sulphur, Honey, and wine, and applies Onions and Bran.

If the Glanduls swell or be inflamed, or the Stones, you are instructed what to do in the Tumors of the Glanduls.

The Swelling of the Glanduls with pain, chiefly in the Groyns and Arm∣pits, or behind the Ears called Parotis. If it be without Inflamation with pain, as in young people that are growing, or when they swell from scabs and pains in the part adjacent, they are not much to be regarded. But we must prevent the Flux, and keep them from being handled, as Children do, and use revellers and derivers, if need be.

If the Tumor and pain be great or the Inflammation is begun or in being. And comes from pure blood, it is cal∣led Phygethlon or Panus when great, if it be less and from impure blood it is called Phyma, Bubo or Parotis. And these either come alone, or with long acute and malig∣nant Diseases, or in the French Pox or Plague, with, or without, Inflammation. And then first of all we evacuate, revel and derive by Blood-letting and purging, in respect of the Disease accompanying the Tumor, by which means alone, the body being handsomly purged, Veneral Bu∣boes are cured somtimes.

As for Topicks at first, if there be great Inflammation by reason of the pain, you must use Narcoticks and Ano∣dynes. But you must not use repellers, as in other Inflam∣mations, except there be an Inflammation in the Adenes, from an external cause, because the venemous humor, which causeth the Diseases, is commonly purged forth by these Emunctuaries. Therefore this motion of nature is rather to be helped and the tumors to be drawn forth with loosners to make it flow, and gentle heaters that a∣bate pain. And you must use stronge and very hot dra∣wers, when the Bubo, or Parotis are Pestilential; these things being applied at the first, you must then mix things to resolve the Humor gathered, or to ripen it, mixing in Pestilential causes things that attract poyson and abate its force and work by a certain propriety. Also in the pestilence to draw poyson out of the Body, we use Scarifi∣cations and burning. And when there is an impostum, you must cure it, being broken, as an Ulcer.

As for the remedies, if the pain be first to be cured, use the Anodynes mentioned in phlegmon and the Narcoticks which also dissolve, as I shewed, as Herbs Narcotick, A∣qua vitae and Lees of Wine.

As for other remedies to Relax, Attract, Dissolve, Ri∣pen, Open, and Correct, and Resist malignity by potenti∣al or actual propriety: They are as followeth.

The greasie wooll of Sheep, that hath Oesypus, may be applied to the Bubo, Parotis, behind the Ears, which re∣pels by its filth, and so not only abateth pain in Inflam∣mations, but repels and relaxeth, especially if it be first dipt in relaxing Oyls.

A common relaxing Oyl to ease pain: Take common Oyl, or Oyl of sweet Almonds and fresh Butter two ounces, Hons or Hogs grease an ounce, mucilage of Fleabane, Line∣seed or Althaea half an ounce, with the yolk of an Egg.

Another to digest, also is made of Oyl of Chamomil, Melilot, Dill, Elder, Wall-flowers, Lillies, Orris, Jesamin, bitter Almonds, with Hens, Duck or Goose grease, with Mucilage of Fenugrek and Saffron.

Or make a Relaxing, Attracting, Digesting, Fomenta∣tion of the Decoction of Mallows, Lillies, Camomil flo∣wers, and Melilot, as the Inflammation of the Papps and Stones. Also you may apply often a hot Spunge boyled in Wine and Water.

Or Althaea, Mallows, Pellitory, Lillies, Chamomil, Melilot, to relax and dissolve the Bubo and Parotis; or the Roots of Daffodil, Swordgrass, Rue, Bulbus, and Perso∣nata, or Aster Atticus, which is called Bubonium, or Ingui∣nalis, because it is proper for Buboes. Or Scabious, which is siugular in the pestilential Bubo. Or Moulin roots and and all Maidenhair, Plantane, Arage, Brooklime, Elder, Yarrow, Haresfoot, Sclarea, Southernwood, Galiopsis, Acinos, Isatis or Wood, Coriander, Onobrychis, Cony∣za, Pycnocomum leaves, of wild Olive, or the Flowers of Panax asclepias. And when you will dissolve and attract more, Rocket and yellow Crowfoot, and Leaves of Con∣siligo, Nut-tree bark, and black Briony, bruised and boy∣led in Water or Wine, or Oyl and Water, with Vinegar, Honey, or Oyl of Roses, Chamomil or Fats. Dioscorides applies it beaten with Salt; or with Treacle or Mithridate, when the Bubo is pestilential.

Or with Meal of Barley, Pease, Lineseed, Foenugreek, Lupins, Darnel made to a Cataplasin.

Or the Brans alone, with the Liquors mentioned, with Oyls and Honey often applied warm.

Or make Cataplasms of Onions, Lillies, Althaea, and Briony roots, and Orris, with Butter, Grease, or Oyl, and with Figgs, Foenugreek and Lineseed.

Or in the Plague with Treacle, Mithridate, and other Antidotes; or cut the top off from an Onion, and fill it therewith, then cover it, and roaste it, and bruise it, and lay it on, with Vinegar, Juyce of Citrons, or Pomegra∣nates, Oyl of Scorpions, St. Johns-wort and Saffron.

Raddish is good in the plague, if it be sliced and laid on after, with a hole in the middle, to let out the Venom.

Or apply green Crab-apples in the plague.

Or a Pomegranate sliced and boyled in Vinegar, ad∣ding Juyce of Scabious, or Sorrel, or the distilled Waters thereof.

The Yolk of an Eg and Salt, draws and dissolves the Juyce of Scabious. And if the Bubo be pestilent, with Antidotes, or salt Bacon.

Or black Soap, with Lye and Ammoniack, dissolved in Vinegar, to discuss a Phyma.

In the venereal Bubo drink and wash with Water of Celandine.

A Cataplasm to attract, dissolve, and ripen. Take Lillies, Onions, Althaea roots, Raddish, all peeled and clean∣sed four ounces, Mallows and Scabious, each a handful and an half; Chamomil and Melilot flowers, each a pugil; Figgs five pair, boyl and stamp them, add Foenugreek meal two ounces, Gum Ammoniack and Galbanum, each six drams; dissolve them in Wine, and with Oyl of Lillies and Grease make a Cataplasm.

It will be stronger, if you add Mustard seed, pigeons dung.

This is an admirable Cataplasm in the plague. Take a great Onion, and make it hollow, and fill it with Treacle, roast it in the Embers, take off the outward Skins, and bruise it with Meal of Secalis, Honey, Yolk of an Eg, Goose dung, and a little Turpentine, apply it hot.

Emplasters to attract, and then dissolve, that must be cut in the middle to let out the Vapors, are Diachylon mag∣num, and Ireatum, or Melilot, or Althaea, with Rosin, Galbanum and Ammoniack.

Or apply Galbanum alone to the Groyns, when the pockey Bubo appears, and then vanisheth, to draw the Venom to the part.

Or, Take Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Bdellium, Opopa∣nax dissolved in Vinegar of Squills, or Aqua vitae, and with Oyl of Lillies, and half an ounce of pouder of Orris to four oun∣ces thereof, and two drams of Scabious, or a dram of Euphor∣bium or Cantharides, if you will have it stronger.

Or Treacle, with spirit of Sulphur, and Oyl of Juniper is good to draw out Venom.

Another proper for a Phyma: Take Labdanum, Bdelli∣um, Ammoniacum, dissolved in old Oyl with an ounce of Proplis, or other dissolver, Turpentine half an ounce, Ho∣ney and Hogs grease, of each an ounce; with Pitch and wax, make a Plaster.

At the first in the Plague, especially use these to draw out venom.

A Cock, Hen, or Cicken, or a Puppy, or a Frog, or Toad, which is best divided, or Sheeps lungs hot and bloody, often applied.

The Chymists in the plague, take Toads and make a hole in their Heads and hang them in the Air to dry, and keep the dry being beaten flat. These they lay upon the Bubo to suck out the venom, for they will swel, being laid on, as if they would break. See Paracelsus in his Book of the plague.

Or take a Cock, Hen, or Pidgeon, make the rump bare and cast Salt thereon, and hold the bill fast, that as the vulgar suppose they may suck the poyson in back∣wards.

A Cupping-glass with great slame, is good also to at∣tract poyson, applied upon the part, or about it.

Or Housleeks to suck out venemous blood.

Somtimes we scarifie or cut a pestilent Bubo, to make way for the poyson, or use an actual or potential Cau∣tery.

Some cut it clean off. These are dangerous re∣medies to be used with deliberation, for they draw not much out of the body, and endanger the patient, especial∣ly if there be Inflammation.

If Tumors be in the Breasts and Stones without a true inflammation, from abun∣dance of Milk, there is rather a distenti∣on with pain in the Breasts, this is to be refer'd to magnitude increased, or when the Stones swel without Inflammation, as in the Colick, it ceaseth with the Colick.

But if there be a Tumor in them from other Causes and Inflammation be feared or begun. Which causeth per∣verse Ulcers, often in the Breasts, and hardness or Scirrhus in the Stones. The Cure of them shall be shewed, as in the Inflammation of them.

If blood flow much to them, presently open a Vein, if the paps be inflamed in the Arm, and then in the Foot, especially if Terms be stopt. If the Stones be inflamed, first open a Vein in the foot, then in the Arm to revel and derive, and apply Cupping-glasses to the Arms and Hips with Scarification and Repellers to the part, and Ano∣dynes. Then dissolve that which is flowed to the part, least it turn to matter and cause an Ulcer, which in those parts is not easily cured.

Use the repellers mentioned in Phlegmon and the dige∣sters also, such as have meals in them.

Or thus: Take Plantane, Groundsoyl, mallows, each a handful; boyl them, and add at the end water of Night∣shade and Roses, stamp, and add Barley, Rise, Bean and Pease meal, each three ounces; Oyl of Roses two ounces, Oyl of Chamomil an ounce, make a Cataplasm with Bdellium, dissolved in Vinegar half an ounce.

Also take remedies prescribed in Phlegmon against pain such as are Narcotick and digest rather then Anodynes, which will cause Suppuration, which must here be pre∣vented.

And use dissolvers as in Phlegmon adding the roots of Coriander and Dasies.

Or apply Coriander, Raysons and Honey beaten.

Meal of pease and Beans is best here, if boyled in Wine or dissolving Oyls mentioned in Phlegmon with Honey, Vinegar and Cummin seed.

Or mix Mucilage of Althaea, Foenugreek, Linseed with Farines or Meals and Oyl.

Dioscorides commends Wallnuts, with Rue and Ho∣ney.

And you may use Raysons stoned, or Figs and Dates, boyled in Wine, or the pulp thereof a pound with pease and Bean. Meal, each two ounces; Faenugreek half an ounce, with digesting Oyls, Orris pouder half an ounce, and seeds of Irion a dram, Honey two ounces, to discuss Better.

Dioscorides applies Vine leaves and Salt.

And Leaven with Organ and Salt.

Also dryed Cow dung, boyled with Honey and Wine, is good.

Or Treacle with Saffron, Honey and Oyl.

Or Foment, as in Flegmon, with Althaea, Mallows, Wormwood, Orris roots, wild Cowcumbers, Melilote, Chamomil, Rosemary, Elder, Staechas flower, Roses, Foenugreek, Linseed, common Figs boyled in Wine, add∣ing Honey and Vinegar.

Or dip Wooll in digesting Oyls, and apply it.

Or this Oyntment: Take Oyl of Chamomil and Lillies, each an ounce and an half; Galbanum and Labdanum, dis∣solved in Vinegar, each half an ounce; Cummin seed a dram, dryed Cow dung two drams, Saffron half a scruple, with Wax.

Live Crabs, or unboyled Cray-fish, bruised and applied are highly commended.

If the Inflammation of the Paps, or Stones tend to Sup∣puration, Cure it as impostums.

Imposthums coming after Inflammati∣ons, are a like Cured in all parts. By ripning, and opening, and curing the Ul∣cer.

An Impostume must be ripned as soon as it comes, as when the matter flowed in the Phlegmon, cannot be dis∣solved, that so it may be turned to Pus or Quittor and voi∣ded by an Ulcer. Such an Ulcer is not very difficult, if well looked to, but when we know and perceive that an Inflammtion tends to an Impostume, we must help nature, and the more, when it is apt to suppurate presently, as most little Pustles do. And we must be more diligent, if the suppuration be difficult and long, as in Furunculus, in which instead of matter there is a lump of flesh that is long fixed, and especially in parts of most concernment, or noble, where the matter may prejudice by being long kept in, as about the joynts and in Paronychia or Fellons except the matter be presently concocted, and get forth the bones in that place, and the Nerves grow foul. This Maturation or Suppuration, is commonly done by the benefit of Nature only, which concocts the Humor, and therewith some part of the part afflicted, in which the blood is without any putrifaction, only it turnes to a white matter. Which stinks not, for putrefaction differs much from Suppuration, and follows it when nature ceaseth to Maturate or ripen, or doth it slowly or imper∣perfectly, as in Furunculus, therefore to help her, the Physitian applyeth Suppuratives or ripeners, which are temperate or gently hot, and Emplastick, which by nou∣rishing the natural heat, makes Maturation. This is done by Anodynes, which after the same manner, as I shewed, cause Maturation. And many Suppurative Medicines, would be Anodyne, if the breeding of matter did not cause new pains.

Also many dissolving Medicines, being not too hot or dry, but gently hot, when they cannot dissolve matter, by reason of its incapacity and unsitness, help Suppurati∣on, when nature tends that way, or at least hinder, if not. All these maturating or ripning remedies, being actually warm and gently hot, doth thereby hasten Suppurati∣on.

Also concocting remedies ripening or Suppurating are applied, that they may better operate in forms of Cata∣plasms or plaisters, as Triapharmacum Galeni, made of Wheat floure, Oyl and Water boyled to a pultis, and colored with Saffron to make it concoct the better.

Or instead thereof, use this: Take wheat flour, or of Zea, or Maizi; (which are outlandish grain privatly commen∣ded) or crums of Bread, boyl them in water, or fat broath

not salted, or milk if there be pain, and to a pound, add Oyl or ••utter, or Hogs grease, of each an ounce and an half; two yolks of Eggs and mucilages, if you please.

Or make it of crums of bread or flower, with Lillie roots, Onyons and Milk, adding Butter, Oyl or Grease. You may boyl also Mallows, Althaea roots, Ground-sill Figs.

Or: Take Marshmallow roots and Lilly roots, each two ounces; Bryony roots an ounce, Emollient herbs, Groundsoyl, Coleworts, Eryngus three handfuls Violets a pugil, Figs six pair Raysons stoned ten pair, wheat flower or Bread three ounces, pon∣der of Faenugreek or Linseed two ounces, boyl and bruise them, add of the fat mentioned two ounces, Oyl of Lillies, Violets sweet Almonds an ounce and an half, Saffron half a dram, make a Cataplasm.

Or: Take a white Onyon (which because it is not so sharp as the other sort, doth more maturate or ripen and digest) and Figs sliced, boyl them, mix them with Butter or Oyl and flower, yolks of Eggs and Turpentine.

Or: Take Figs two ounces, Labdanum, Frankincense, each a dram, Storax Liquid and Turpentine, each half a dram, with Flower, Oyl and Hogs grease, make a pultis.

Or roast Henbane leaves in the Embers, and apply it with sats and digesters, for the sats being temperate, will moderate their Heat.

The roots of Dogs Tongue bruised, is good against the Plague, and suppurates well.

Some apply Bird-lime, others liquid Vernish.

Dioscorides applies Birdlime, Wax and Rosin, equal parts.

Or Bird-lime with Mallows, Wormwood, Linseed, Ho∣ney and Oyl boyled,

Or sweet Butter and Wax.

Or Pitch, or Wax, or both with Oyl, Turpentine and Frankincense.

Others apply yolks of Eggs or with the whites, with Oyl or Butter, or Suet, or Marrow and Turpentine, with Frankincense and Saffron.

Or Mucilage of Althaea roots, Faenugreek and Linseed with Oyl of Butter or Grease, and yolks of Eggs.

The usual Maturating plasters, are Tetrapharmacum Galeni made of Pitch, Rosin, Wax and Cows grease, or Oyl, if there be pain, and then it is called the little Basili∣con of Mesue. Also common Diachylon: or the little Dia∣chylon in pain. Or the great, which digesteth most, and if it will not be digested, it will help maturation, if there be much Oyl, and you use other mollifiers, as Oyntments of Althaea resumptive and Aureum. Aetius useth Un∣guentum Macedonicum, to ripen the Furunculus.

Or soment with Water and Oyl, or Oyl alone, or apply it with wooll, before you use other application.

The juyce of Colewort, or the mucilage of its seeds, is good.

Or Flesh, or Fishes, or Cravfish, cause Suppuration, or a warm hand often applied. Therefore we prohibit hand∣ling of any Tumors, when we will not have them Sup∣perate.

When the Impostume is ripe, it must be opened, that is when there is matter, which you may know by its soft∣ness and point, as we shewed.

Somtimes it must be opened, before perfect maturation when it is about the joynts, or noble parts, least the mat∣ter retained should hurt them. And when the Bubo is from a pestilent or mailgnant humor.

Nature or things that ripen do open, when the Skin, Flesh and Blood are concocted, and made more tender and soft by boyling as it were.

Or we open by violence and cutting or breaking the skin, with potential or actual openers.

They which potentially open, are some milder, which ripen and open, also these we use when we defire to open by degrees, others are stronger and suddenly corrode, burn or pierce the Skin.

Leaven added to the above mentioned maturatives, or ripners, or yolks of hard Egs and meal, or Grease and O∣uions, will mature and help to open.

Scabious, Coleworts, Daffodil roots, Bugloss, ony∣on do the same.

Also rotten Nuts, and Watercresses, and Smallage, which are sharp, bruised and applied with Figs, Meal and oyl.

Or Danewort bruised with Hogs grease, is good, if of∣ten applied in the Impostums of the breast.

Or rotten Apples, ripe Bramble berries, or ripe ber∣ries of Herb-true-love open impostums, or an Onyon, or Garlick.

Or ashes of Colewort roots, Figtree with Vinegar o∣pen strongly, but gently with grease.

All dungs are approved to ripen and open impostums, as Ox dung, especially fodder. or Goats dung for the parotis, Goose dung is highly esteemed in the Fellon, or Paronychia, being new and hot, for it presently breaks it. In other Impostumes, use ••ow dung, Hogs Goats and Dogs dung. And when you will open quickly and force∣ably apply Pidgeons and Hens dung. All these may be applied alone, or boyled in Wine, adding Vinegar or dis∣solved in Oyl and mixed with meal.

The Cataplasms made of the things mentioned, will be stronger. If you add to the Plants bruised or boyled, as much Leaven and the part of Doves dung with strong Vinegar, which will boyl the skin, and make it open. And they will be stronger yet, if you add Mustard half an ounce, or Niter and Sulpher vive, each two drams.

A Plaster that presently breaks all Impostums though venemous and pestilential: Take Load-stone half an ounce, Turpentine and Oyl of Scorpions, of each an ounce; Mastick, Amber, Myrrh, Sarcocol, Ammoniacum, Cantharides prepared, each two drams; Rosin four ounces, wax half a pound: make a Plaster, spread it upon Leather, or new cloth, and apply it hot.

Or mix Honey Anacardine, with Pitch and apply it.

Or Euphorbium boyled a little in oyl, because it burns, add dungs and a little Ammoniacum.

Or use Sal Armoniack with Leaven and yolk of an Eg, Saffron and a little opium.

Or quick Lime with Soap Honey or fasting spittle.

Potential cauteries open the skin sooner by burning, with pain, but without when they mortifie and black the skin. And though the escar staies long, yet round about where it seperates presently from the same skins there is passage for the humor, till it fall off. These are appli∣ed in that part of the Impostum, where it is softest, or pointed in a plaster having a hole in the middle, where they are placed, least they should spread and inflame, and if there be pain it must be after asswaged, and the part must be defended round about with the defensive oynt∣ment mentioned in phlegmon

Galen prescribes many as Caustick balls of Polydas, Andro, Musa, Dytinus, made of Calcanthum and Allum and the like. Also the two caustick oyntments of Andro∣machus.

The Arabians have many. Falopius and Paraeus menti∣on the chief, which work quickly without pain and with∣out Opium, which is used but to little purpose, as I ob∣serve.

Among which that is wholly without pain, which is made of Capital Lye boyled by degrees to a stone. This Lye is made of three parts of unsleaked Lime, and two parts of Wine Lees burnt, with water poured on, and of∣ten strained or boyled, and it is stronger, if instead of wa∣ter, you use a Lye of Bean stalks or Oak.

And it will burn the skin sooner, if you add the fourth part of sal Armoniack or Allum, or Calcanthum to the Lime and Lees of Wine, but then it is more painful and therefore they add Opium.

You may boyl up a Caustick stone also of Soap, Lye with Chalcanthum, sal Armoniack or Allum.

Sublimate made into a past with Populeon to abate pain, and Blood-stone to allay Inflammation, doth the same.

Or Cantharides, with Leaven and Vinegar, and Verdi∣greese, or Chalcanthum, or a little Orpiment; which wil work sooner, and the pain will be less.

Some wet the part with Aqua sortis, and six parts Wa∣ter.

A caustick Water: Take Vitriol and Arsnick, each two ounces, Sublimate half an ounce, Juyce of Briony six ounces, pouder of Cantharides two drams, distil them, and apply one drop to the place to be opened.

Or a drop or two of Oyl of Vitriol: This is the way of Nicolas Massa.

Actual opening is quickest, with a Knife or Lancet in the place that is soft and pointed, where we feel the mat∣ter thrusting it in til they come forth, and let the Orifice be large enough. If it be about the bendings, observe the wrinkles, that you may cut according to the lines of them.

When the Imposthume is deep, especially about the Joynts or other parts, where the matter remaining may do hurt, you must open it presently before the parts be corrupted, before the matter is concocted, or the Impo∣sthume appear manifestly. Therefore in Paronychia or Felon if there be great pain, though Suppuration appear not, yet cut it open from the fingers end on the side of the Nail, to the Bone, down to the Joynt, for so shall it pre∣vent the corruption of the bone from the matter.

A ripe Imposthume is somtimes opened with a hot Iron either burning through the skin, or making only an Es∣char as a potential Caustick doth, but sooner. Also in a Felon we burn the corrupt bone, as shall be shewed in Ul∣cers.

A Cancer being a Tumor differing from a Phlegmon, growing by degrees without Inflammation, and of a fleshy substance deeply fixed; and when it is ulcerated differing from other Ulcers by its fixed lump of Flesh, and the claws and turning in of the Lips, hurting by its venemous quality rather then by pain and heat, hath a different Cure from other Tumors and Ulcers.

First you must prognosticate, for if it be newly begun and be little, it is not to be known but by skilful Physiti∣ans, and it is usually neglected: And therefore you must declare that the growth thereof is hard to be hindered. And if it be grown, it is worse, and if it be at the height, it can never be cured; and if it be ulcerated, it is deadly, except it can be taken out by the Roots.

Therefore at the first beginning there is hope, when it is confirmed, there is less or none, especially if it be ulcera∣ted, therefore palliate it thus.

And in regard we have no certain known Antidote a∣gainst the malignant quality and matter that produceth and nourisheth a Cancer, we cannot resist it: For if that were known, we could cure it as other tumors, but it will not be discussed. And if we should go about to soften and suppurate it, as unlearned Chirurgions do, we should make it worse, and sooner ulcerate. Therefore let us en∣deavor by al means to hinder its growth, while it is grow∣ing, and after to keep it from an Ulcer, and if it be ulce∣rated, to keep it from corruption while it may be, or let us at first while there is strength, utterly root it out, or af∣ter when it is desperate. In the mean space all the time, let us keep the Body clean, and preserve the strength, and oppose Symptoms.

To hinder its growth while there is strength in the be∣ginning, and when the Body is plethorick, let blood sca∣rifie, and cup in the parts distant, or near to revel and de∣rive. Against this also the Flux of Haemorrhoids and Terms, is a good help.

We purge also from the beginning, to take away the plenty of Humors, and hinder the growth of the Cancer, than to abate Melancholy, which is thought to be the cause of the Cancer; for purging cannot take away the venemous quality thereof, as of others, as in the French Pox, wherein we purge strongly to cure it, therefore in a Cancer the Body being weak, it is not safe, nor profita∣ble. Forms for Purges are described in other Diseases, therefore we shall not here repeat them.

The Patient must be refreshed with very good Diet as in Hectick Feavers, chiefly with Meats made of Cray-fish or Broath thereof, which hath a propriety as they suppose, from the Name rather then thing, for it is nothing like a Cray-fish in the shape. They must forbear salt and sharp meats, that it may not ulcerate: wine is good for them. And they must have Cordials inwardly given and outwardly applied, as in Hecticks. Especially such as resist Venom mentioned in pestilent Feavers, and such as shall be men∣tioned in venemous Ulcers, they are better then vulnera∣ry Potions, which are ordinarily given in this case of a Cancer ulcerated. And they highly commend that of Pyrola and ground Ivy, boyled in Wine against Cancers in Womens Breasts,

As for Topicks while the Cancer is whole, we labour to hinder the growth and ulceration thereby, by Dryers and Astringents, which have a propriety to fix and harden it.

This is done by many Repercussives mentioned in Ery∣sipelas and Phlegmon, made of Plants and their Juyces, besides the Anodynes and unctious Medicines.

Polytrichum is the best Herb in this case, and Herb Ro∣bert which is called divine, and Cancer-healers. Also Ceterach, Coriander, Agrimony, Polygonum. And Moulin, Plantane, Endive, Nightshade, Shepheards purse, Comfrey, Sanguisorba, Dock, Galiopsis, Housleek, Moon∣wort.

These are to be bruised and applied, with Vinegar, or Juyce of green Grapes.

Or thus: Take Roots of Moulin and Docks, each two oun∣ces; Polytrichum two handfuls, stamp them with Vinegar, add pouder of burnt Cray-fish half an ounce, make a Cata∣plasm.

Another: Take Meal of Lentils, or Pease a pugil, Ker∣nels of rotten Nuts, or parched, bruised six, boyl them in Vi∣negar,

The Flesh of Sea-crabs which are more like a Cancer, or Cray-fish, or Snails, or Froggs, is good boyled and ap∣plied.

You may apply the Juyces of the Herbs mentioned, with Vinegar.

Or thus: Take Juyce of Plantane, Nightshade, Endive, Housleek, and of the rest two ounces, Rose-vinegar an ounce, Oyl of Roses, or Myrtles two ounces, Turpentine half an ounce, stir them in a leaden Mortar, add Pomegranate and Citron peels, each a dram; Bole two drams, burnt and washt Lead a dram, Camphire half a dram, anoint often therewith.

A Plate of Lead is good to keep down a Cancer.

In an ulcerated Cancer we dry and a∣stringe more, to abate the stink and pu∣trefaction, and constant gleeting of blood which bring death. And if any part be corrupt, we must endeavor to take it off with Medicines, and to root out the Cancer by manual Operation.

The Plants mentioned are good to dry, and now in an Ulcer, add Nettles, Rue, St. Johns-wort, Danewort, Sca∣bious, Knotgrass bruised.

Or use the Juyces or Pouders, with Oyl of Roses.

Pouders also, or Ashes of Cray-fish, or Crabs, Snails, Froggs, Weezles brains, Mans dung dryed in an Oven, and other Dryers, as Stones of Myrobalans, or Olives, or Shoo-soles; or of the Herbs mentioned, or of old Willow Psithia, Pomegranate flowers, Seeds of Irion, Galiopsis, pouder of Harts horn; also of Lead burnt and washt, of Ceruss, crude Antimony, Tutty, Pompholix, Litharge: Also of Bole, Milstone, Gypsum burnt, and the rubbing of Whetstones. These may be mixed with Juyces, or stampt Herbs, and applied.

Or apply stampt Raisons, and Rue, and Coleworts boyled in Milk, with Sugar to drive away the stink, or lay on Bay leaves.

A good Oyntment. Take Juyce of Moulin, Herb Ro∣bert, or Polytrichum an ounce, Honey three ounces, pouder of burnt Stones of Myrobalans two drams, Ashes of burnt Crabs a dram, make an Oyntment.

This is better: Take Juyce of Plantane, Shepherds purse, Agrimony, and Vinegar five ounces, Oyl of Roses, or Myr∣tles four ounces, Turpentine an ounce, stir them in a leaden Mortar, add Litharge half an ounce, Lead burnt and washt, Bloodstone, each two drams; crude Antimony a dram, Coral burnt and washt two scraples, ••earl a scruple, Camphire a scruple, Ashes of rabs a dram, make an Oyntment, to which you may add the pouders above mentioned, espe∣cially that of Mans dung.

Also use Oyl of Eggs stirred in a leaden Mortar.

Or Diapompholygos or plaisters of Lead, to dry a can∣cer ulcerated.

Keep it clean washt with Vinegar and Juyces of Herbs, or with stronge Lye of Fig-tree ashes, or Willow, or Juni∣per, or with Urin: They will be stronger if you add Vi∣triol.

The distilled Water of Mans dung and Coriander, is highly commended.

This following pouder preserved an old Man many years in a Cancer, from putrefaction, stink and bleeding, it was all over his Cheek and Neck. Take Galls and Pomegranate peels, each an ounce; Gypsum burnt two ounces; Bole an ounce. Litharge and Cademia, each half an ounce; round Birthwort three drams, burnt Lead two drams, pouder of Crab shells a dram, make a sine pouder, or a plaister of them, with Honey and Turpentine.

We use Sal Gem or Allum, to take away corrupt Flesh, with an equal part of pouder of Earth worms.

Or mix therewith Juyce of Briony, or Dragons.

Or Aegyptiacum to resist putrefaction.

These are stronger, Orpiment and Tartar, equal parts, steep them in Vinegar, and make a pouder.

Or, Take Crystal, Arsnick two drams, Cookowpint roots, an ounce, make a pouder.

Or, Take Orpiment a dram, Verdigreese two drams, white Wine a pint, infuse them, pour of the clear, and boyl it till the third part remain, use it with a little Rose-water.

Or, Take Sublimate a dram, Rose, Plantane, and Night∣shade water four ounces boyl it a little.

The last Remedy is cutting it forth by the roots, if strength will permit. It is in vain to try when it is deep, and grows to the Flesh, Membranes, and Veins; for if a portion remain, it will grow again. And if it be great, and near great Veins. there is danger of great bleeding, which is dangerous, if it be not presently stopt. But som∣times it may be wholly cut out, with a part of the sound flesh: As when it is in the Thigh or Arm. And if you cut a great space above the Cancer, and take it away, it will grow again; as I observed in a Maid who had a can∣cer cut from her Knee. The Cancer in the Breast is ta∣ken away with cutting the breast clean off: But if any Root remain in the Ribs, it will return.

Give me leave to relate the Cure of a Cancer, which was told me by a Friend. Take white Arsnick ••inely pou∣dered one part, Roots of Cookowpints poudered four parts, Chim∣ney soot as much as will make it grey or ash coloured, keep this pouder for your use, the older the better, it will last five years. Sprinkle this pouder as thick as the back of a knife upon an ulcerated Cancer, taking heed that it touch not the sound flesh, lay it thickest in the middle, because the middle Root of the Cancer is commonly biggest, then lay thereon a pledget wet with spittle, that it may stick with the pouder, otherwise it will not work. The Pa∣tient must be dressed thus after meat, and touch not the the cancer, but with wooden Instruments. There are some cautions to be used in the application of this pou∣der, by reason of its divers operations; for in some it cau∣seth pain, in other; not it pierceth to the Veins or Roots of the cancer, and there it sticks fast, so that it cannot be taken away without breaking of them. It must therefore be used but once, because its force remains till it takes all away with it. And no other medicines must be applied but round about in the circum••erance as broad as two ••in∣gers, you must lay De••ensives or Repellers to hinder In∣flammation. As, Take Bole, Arsnick, Oyl of Roses, and Vinegar. Also there is a great flux of blood sometimes from the piercing force of the medicine which breaks the Veins, with yellow and sharp matter, apply then nothing but dry double clouts, as often as they are wet, for it will be but a day or two, and will take away all pain. This done, expect the Cancer to fall from the sound flesh of its own accord, within eighteen or twenty dayes; for if the least Root be broken by force, before that time the cure is dangerous to be begun again. The separation being made of the cancer from sound flesh, use this pouder to the Ulcer. Take fine Olibanum, Mummy, Mastick Myrrh, Aloes, Sarcocol, each a dram; Opopanax half a dram, wash them in Plantane, and Rose-water, and make a fine pouder, you may increase the quantity of Mastick, Olibanum, Myrrh, and Sarcocol to make it sharper. After you have laid this pouder thick upon the Ulcer, use this Oynt∣ment upon a pledget. Take Litharge of Gold two ounces, Mummy an ounce, Oyl of Roses an ounce and half, with a little Rose-vinegar, stir them in a leaden mortar, and make it a soft Oyntment, with Oyl of Roses. It is sufficient to cure the Ulcer, if you apply these two once a day, at first there will come forth a slimy, white, thick matter, which must be dayly wipt away till the Cure is by Gods assistance compleat.

A Carbuncle or Anthrax if it be not pestilent, weakneth and is difficult and dangerous, when it is near the Heart, when it is dry or sends out venom and not mat∣ter, with great Inflammation. A pesti∣lent Carbuncle destroys by the pestilent Feaver which goes with it, and hurts the Joynts, and de∣stroys if it be in the noble Parts.

For cure of both, cleanse the whole Body, and use alte∣rers when it is pestilent, look to the Feaver rather then the Carbuncle, and let blood according to the part it is in: As we shewed in pestilent Feavers. In other Carbuncles bleed and purge in respect of the Plethory, and Cacochy∣my, and Inflammation to revel and derive. Use coolers agreeable to the Feaver; and Cordials inwardly and out∣wardly, and a refreshing Diet, and cause sleep if it be wan∣ting, though in a carbuncle it is forbidden, least thereby ve∣nom should be drawn to the Heart; but by heat external and sweat in time of sleep, we see the contrary that the heat goes outward: Therefore keep them not from sleep, as is usual.

When a Carbuncle is not pestilent, we use Topicks to repress the Inflammation; when it is we attract the Ve∣nom, we open and ripen it in both cases, and then cure it as an Ulcer.

In an Anthrax not pestilent we only lay Repellers round about where the Inflammation is, and that at first; such as are in Phlegmon mentioned, as the Defensive of Bole, and that of Juyces or the Oyntments, as that of Ceruss.

Or we use the Emplaster of Arnogloss to cool and con∣coct at first, or all a long the Cure, it is made of Plantane, Meal of Lentils, or brown Bread, adding Galls at fi••st to repel more, and to concoct more, Meal of Orobus, and Beans, and Honey.

In a pestilent Carbuncle at first we attract poyson, as in a Bubo pestilent as we there shewed; with a Cock cut in two, or a Pigeon, or Frog, or Toad, or with the Rump of a Cock or Pigeon; after the part is scarified, or with Cupping-glasses, or Horsleeches, or with the mouth of a desperate Fellow to suck it, or with the Instrument by which Womens breasts are drawn.

We open both sorts of Carbuncles to let out the venom or humor at first, by scarifying and in the progress, espe∣cially when it waxeth black with deep cuts, least they gangraene, which will cause death, and wash them with salt Water.

We also use Causticks to attract the venom, in both. And when it begins to corrupt, we use an actual Cautery with Gold, or Steel: or potential, as in Impostums, as the part of Galen, or Cantharides. It is usual to lay Sub∣limate or Arsenick upon it, in the middle of a plaster with a little hole in it; Or take four grains of it with a spoonful of the white of an Egg well beaten, and so touch the Carbun∣cle therewith.

We Maturate or concoct it both, as soon as the flesh where it is, begins to corrupt, so that a part of it being turned to matter, where it is joyned to the sound flesh, the rest may come forth whol, or by piece meal. You must choose things for this, that are proper against poyson or malignity.

As Scabious and Comfrey of both sorts, which are chiefly commended: After them Mullein, Dogs tongue, Mous-ear, Yarrow, Horstayl, Shep-herds purse, Goats rue, Coleworts, Althaea roots and Lillies. And accor∣ding to Dioscorides Motherwort, Savin, Cypres, Privet, Hercules, Panax stampt and applied with Salt, or their juyces,

Also Garlick, Leeks, Lilly roots and Radishes, Rocket, Water-cress, Nettles with Salt and Pepper.

Also Pomegranates sliced, and boyled in Vinegar, and bruised, do take off putrifaction and malignity from a Carbuncle.

Or the ripe berries of Herb-true-love, cut or bruised, are good in the plague, and ripe olives dryed are good in both.

Or dried Figs, or Raysons, or kernels of Wallnuts, or sinal Nuts, which are rotten with Salt and Leaven.

Dioscorides commends Raysons and Rue, with Honey and Pitch, to take away the Carbuncle round about.

The yolk of an Egg with a dram of Salt, doth the same, to which you may add Honey, Figs, Meal, and juyce of Scabious: or dissolve the yolk well salted in Vinegar and other proper juyces.

A convenient plaster: Take two cloves of Garlick, Rue, a pugil, Figs four, Leaven half an ounce, Salt a dram and an half, Pepper half a scruple, stamp them.

Or thus: Take roots of wild Cowcumbers or Bryony two ounces, sal Niter a dram, the Gall of a Hog a little dryed half an ounce, meal of Lupines a dram, with Turpentine.

Another: Take Mustard seed half an ounce, meal of Lu∣pines, or Orobus two drams, Figs an ounce, Gum Amoniack dissolved in Vinegar three drams, with Turpentine.

Also the dung of Hens, Pidgeons, Sparrows, Sheep, Oxen, are good to ripen alone, or with Honey, Vinegar, meal or yolks of Eggs, or Leaven: Somtimes we mix Soap, Dung and Vinegar. If you will use mans dung, which is so highly commended, let it be dryed and mixed with the rest.

Also soot of the Chimney, Leaven, yolks of Eggs and Salt are good, or Charcole of oak. Or this oyntment: Take Allum two drams, sal Gem half a dram with Ho∣ney.

Or use Niter and Turpentine.

Or juyce of plants mentioned, as Scabious, Comfrey, Mullein with meal, or yolks of Eggs.

Or oyl of Nuts, or Roses with Salt, Honey and Vine∣gar.

Or Gum Ammoniack dissolved in Vinegar with oyl of Lillies and Wax, dissolves a Carbuncle and draws out his poyson.

Or you may use Treacle or Methridate alone, or in a roasted Onyon, or with other herbs, to draw out poyson in the Plague, or to ripen in both.

Some affirme that the Saphire stone bound upon the Carbuncle, doth good.

They say also that if you bind Scabious bruised to a sound part, and lay Athanasia upon the Carbuncle, it will remove where the Scabious is.

The Ulcer left after a Carbuncle, shall be cured as other Ulcers.

Herpes miliar is somtimes goes away of it self, by drying up, or with little help, as fasting spettle, as also Phlyctenodes. Esthio∣menos is more hard to be cured, and through neglect turns to Impetigo or Psora.

The cure of these coming from a Cholerick, Salt and sharp humor, is much a like, As for Evacuations they must be such as purge those humors that cause them. First gentle to drive out the Excrements, and then stronger to purge the blood of its filth. These are to be given by way of prevention to them that are subject to these Dis∣eases. The forms of them are mentioned in Cholerick diseases and Fevers, and we shal speak more of them in the scab. As for Blood-letting it will not be necessary, ex∣cept other Circumstances invite.

We correct the heat and sharpness of humors, by alter∣ers mentioned in Fevers and with good Diet, and we use Topicks in both sorts of Herpes, from the beginning, which are very dry, and cool the sharp humors. By which a miliaris is easily cured, and some times Esthiomenos, but if it creep on, we use stronger dryers and things that clense the foul flesh, or eat it off from the sound, that it may no further corrupt it,

To dry and abate sharpness, use Plantane, Polygonum, Agrimony, Shep-herds purse, Bramble leaves, Privet, Vine leaves, Nightshade, wild Lentils bruised.

Or thus: Take Agrimony, Plantane, or Myrtle, or Olive leaves two handfuls, stamp them, add Sumach and Pomegranate peels, of each an ounce and an half; Barley or Lentil meal two ounces, boyl them in sharp Wine, or Wine and Vinegar, bruise them for a Cataplasm.

Or use the Emplaster of Arnogloss, or Lambs tongue mentioned in Carbuncle with Galls, Pomegranate peels, round Birthwort in ••••erpes Miliaris, or them of the three Pomegranats,

Or use the juyces of the plants mentioned, or of pome∣granats alone, or with the fourth part Vinegar, or the distil'd waters of them, with Rose water and Vinegar, with two drams of Camphire, to half a pint.

Acacia and Hypocistis, dissolved in Juyces or Vinegar, do dry and astringe excellently, and hinder creeping.

Or the liquor that comes from green wood while it burns, as from Vine or Oak, to which you may add other dryers.

These following dry more: Take juyce of Plantane, Po∣lygonum four ounces, Vinegar an ounce, with Barley meal, make an Oyntment.

These dry better, if instead of meal you add the pouder of Galls or Pomegranate flowers two drams, Bole half a dram.

Or thus: Take juyce of the herbs mentioned with Vinegar, Oyl of Roses and Myrtles, of each four ounces; let them boyl till the juyces be consumed, then add the pouders mentio∣ned, or of Pomeganate peels, or Acron cups, of each two drams; Birthwort a dram, and with Wax make an oynt∣ment.

In Esthiomenos to dry more and keep it from creeping, use this: Take the juyces mentioned with Oyls, boyled or not, for juyces are strongest then, add Litharge half an ounce, Tutty burnt and washt, Lead, Antimony, Blood∣stone, Cadmia, each two drams; burnt brass, or rust of Iron and Aloes, each a dram; Coral and Spodium, that is burnt Ivory, stir them in a Leaden mortar with the juyces and Oyls, and a little Turpentine, or if they be boyled, add a little wax for an oyntment.

A strong clenser: Take juyce of wormwood, Celandine the great, or Pellitory, or Elicampane, or of Rue three ounces, Myrrh two drams, Frankincense half an ounce, Salt a dram, with meal of Lentils, make an oyntment; or with meal of Lentils, Beans, or Barley, or an ounce of Oyl Omphacine, to take away putrefaction more powerfully.

Or thus: Take Letharge two drams, Sulphur two drams, Niter or sal Gem a dram, Verdigreese half a dram, with Ho∣ney, make an oyntment.

Or make an oyntment of Allum and Wine Lees.

Or use Ink to dry, because of the Allum, Vitriol and Galls.

Or Pompholygos, white oyntment of Rhasis, with dryers, as Allum, Niter.

Or wild Goats dung, as Dioscorides prescribes, or Cow dung with Wine and Vinegar.

Or pouder of the heads of salt-fish, as Herrings, or wooll and Leather, and pine tree bark burnt to a pouder dry well, when they are sprinkled upon a Herpes or Teter or mixed with oyl.

Or: Take two drams of those burnt pouders, roots of round Birthwort, Pomegranate flowers, Myrrh, each a dram; Oli∣banum a dram and an half, sprinckle it upon the Teter, first rubbing it, and anoynting with Oyl of Ash tree. Dio∣scorides commends the pouder of Snayl shells.

A good somentation for both sorts of Herpes or Teter is a distil'd water of Dock roots sliced and steep'd in Vine∣gar a day or two, or of Citron peels with Allum.

Or thus: Take of plants mentioned three handfuls, with myrtle leaves or Olive, Dock roots or Birthwort, each an ounce, Pomegranate peels and Galls, each six drams; Lupine seeds an ounce, myrtle seeds half an ounce, Acacia, Hypocistis, each six drams; boyl them in Forge water with a little sharp wine. to wash the Herpes Esthiomenus, add Frankincense and myrrh, to cleanse more, half an ounce.

Or wash with Lye and old Wine, wherein the things mentioned have been boyled.

Or with Vitriol dissolved in Vinegar and Water.

Or: Take Sublimate a dram and an half, Lytharge two drams, Borax half a dram, Camphire a scruple; boyl them in two ounces of proper water and wash the Teter: or we stop the eating thereof with things that shall be mentioned in corroding Ulcers.

Or: Take Dock roots three drams, great Celandine a hand∣ful, Allum, Sulphur, each an ounce; Salt a pugil with Wine and Vinegar, boyl them and let the vapor be received, so that it touch the Tetter.

Or apply plates of Lead after the Tetter is anoynted and steep them first in Vinegar, Salt, or Allum water.

In the Tetter called Esthiomenus, it is good to rub it til it bleed. And then the clensers appled, will work the bet∣ter.

Or burn of the corrupt flesh, with an actual or poten∣tial Cautery, as in Carbuncles.

The Scab is of many sorts, as the moist Scab, which is either ordinary, or feirce, spreading, as Tinea or Scald, Terminthus, Epi∣nyctis: or the dry Scab, as the Itch called Prurigo, Impetigo, or Psora, or Greek Leprosie, we shall speak of the Cure of all together, in the Cure of the Itch. The Phlyctaenae are blisters, when the scarf Skin is seperated from the true, and are cured as the corrosions of the Skin.

Of moist Scabs the vulgar is most gentle and easie to be cured, but when it often returns it is stubborn, and if not cured will turn to a worse sort. The next called Fera is worse, but curable, and if neglected, it turns to a worse sort. That which is worst is called Manans, or spreading, it is difficult to be cured, and is insectious in Children, and deformeth the Hair by eating it off. The Terminthus and Epinytis are easily cured. Among the dry Itches Prurigo is easiest to be cured, and Impetigo more hard, and Psora is most difficult, and they are turned from one into another if neglected, and easily return in Spring and Fall. And at length they turn to the Greek Leprosie, which is incurable, though it cease, it will return with an ugly crust consuming the patient and itching. And it is taken for the Elephantiasis, by them that cannot distin∣guish.

Also those may be cured alike, as for general helps, Evacuations and Alterers, because they come from Cho∣lerick, salt, sharp and malignant humors (as in the Cau∣ses) they must be purged, and let blood, and the alterers must be greater or less, according to the disease, with re∣spect to the constitution, and the Excrements abounding, as followeth.

In the moist Itch you must let blood, if Age or other things forbid not, because the Anticedent cause is salt serum, which is cholerick and sharp in the blood, and this will partly come forth by bleeding. Which must be ra∣ther done, when there is Plethory or fulness, which caus∣eth pustles. The Vein opened must be for general or particular Evacuation of that Member, which is most in∣fected. In the dry Itch, though there be not such moist pustles, yet because the blood is very unclean, you must bleed also, especially if the skin be red, as in Prurigo, which shews heat. This must be done before purging often, and every month you must Cup and Scarifie, or apply Horsleeches. And the Terms and Haemorrhoids must be provoked, in them that are used to them, as we shewed in the want of them.

In all kinds of moist or dry Itches, you must purge of∣ten, when the body is foul, and in Psora, which is worst, if every day, or every other day, for a long time, especi∣ally Spring and Fall. And this must be by fit Medicines, that purge cholerick, salt and sharp humors, from the Guts and Meseraicks and so from the Mass of blood, adding alwaies things that resist sharpness of humors. And choosing such as inflame not the body too much.

These purges are to be found in other diseases of chol∣ler and melancholly stronger or weaker. Especially in intermitting feavers and continual putrid. As well such as are prescribed before bleeding to cleanse the Excrements in the belly, as strong purges, and the preparatives to be taken before them. As that Apozem mentioned in a Sy∣noch with Erysipelas, and the purges prescribed against Melancholly: or these.

Let them drink whey morning and evening, especially of Goats Milk, so much as may purge, this is pleasant for Children.

Or dissolve some pleasant things therein, as Manna or syrup of Roses, or Violets, or of Peach flowers; with a little Diagredium, if need be. Or give some other pur∣ging syrup therein, that may be taken.

Or give of Roses, Fumitory, Hops, and of Bugloss, Docks and Apples.

Or make a little at a time, because it will soon decay, as of whey or old Cock broath two pints with Mercury, Beets, Fumitory, Hops, Elder flowers or Danewort buds, Senna, Polypody, Epithymum, Damask Roses, with a lit∣tle Sugar or Honey.

Or give usual syrups to purge unclean blood, as the gentle syrup of Roses, Violets, Peach flowers, made of their infusions or juyces with Sugar or Honey. Juyce of Fumitory, or Hops, or Mercury, or Rhamnus solutive, or the juyce of its berries. Thus: Take the grains, or seeds of the drying thorn called Merla, through ripe, bruise them, and keep them in an Earthen vessel eight daies warm: take a pint of the juyce and as much fine Sugar, mak a syrup with Cinnamon and Ginger, of each six drams; Cloves two drams. This syrup, is not good only for Scabby people, but Gouty, and such as have flegmatick and serous hu∣mors.

Or give syrup of Roses with Rhubarb, of Eupatorium with Rhubarb, of Apples by King Sabor, of the juyce and Senna, or that of Fumitory, Epithymum, Polypody, My∣robalans, Tamarinds, Cassia of Epithymum compound: or that of Fumitory, Myrobalans, Tamorinds and Aga∣rick, of Succory with Rhubarb: of Diasereos, and the like.

Or that of Apples and Hellebore. Thus made: Take Bugloss and Borage roots and all, each two handfuls; Fumi∣tory, Eupatory, Chamaepytis, or Groundpine, Germander, Madenhair, each a handful: Bugloss, Borage and Staechus flowers, each apugil; Raysons stoned an ounce, tops of Time

and Epithymum, each half an ounce; Senna an ounce and an half, Polypody two ounces, black Hellebore steept in white wine three drams, Schaenanth two drams, boyl them, and add to the straining Juyce of sweet Apples twelve ounces, Sugar two pounds make a syrup.

Another by Montanus made of Senna, Rhubarb, Myro∣balans, Epithymum, Polypody, bark of black Hellebore six drams, with an ounce of Cloves, and four ounces of Liquorish boyled to five pints.

Or this purging Decoction for five or six doses. Take Dock roots three ounces, Grass, Asparagus, Kneeholm, Eli∣campane, Liquorish, each an ounce and half; Fumitory and Mercury two ounces, Polypody four ounces, Succory, Dandeli∣on, Sowthistle, Bugloss, roots and all Scabious, Fumitory, Hops, Mercury, Maidenhair, Eupatorium, Endive, Liverwort, Sor∣rel, Violets, Lettice, Balm five or six handfuls, Cordial flow∣wers, Water-lillies, Moulin flowers four pugils, Budds of Hops tops, of Thyme and Epithymum, each a pugil; Aniseseed two drams, Seeds of Dodder, Melons and Sorrel, each a dram; Carthamus bruised three ounces, Raisons stoned two ounces, Prunes six pair, Sebestens or Jujubes eight pair, Tamarinds an ounce and half, infuse the Seeds and Roots in a pint of white Wine, then add as much Water with a little of the Decoction of Lignum vitae, or Wormwood-water, boyl and strain, ad sugar and Cinnamon, give it often as Ishewed

If you will have it work more, infuse three ounces of Sen∣na or four, or make it into a syrup, with half a pound of Su∣gar, give it as you find it works, or mix it with Water of Bu∣gloss, Fumitory, Maidenhair or the like, or with Pulp of Cassia or Tamarinds make an Electuary, you may add also Diagredium to make it stronger.

You may also boyl Soldanella, with the Decoction of Senna or for the stronger people, three or four drams of black Hellebore, and add an ounce of Myrobalans at the conclu∣sion, rub'd with Oyl of Rhubarb, or Agarick, or Mechoa∣can, with their Correctors, and after straining, add Sugar to make an Apozem or Syrup, and it will be better.

Or add to the Decoction Syrup of Fumitory, Docks, Hops, Apples, Bugloss, Roses; or take a good quantity of the Juyces of them, and infuse therein Senna, Rhubarb, Agarick, or make a Syrup.

Or, Take Juyce of sweet Apples four ounces, Juyce of Roses three ounces, Juyce of Fumitory and Plopps, each two ounces; Juyce of Dock roots and Beets, each an ounce and an half; Juyce of Mercury, Borage, Bugloss, Sorrel, each an ounce; boyl them with as much Sugar and with Cinnamon make a syrup: You may if you please add Senna and Rhu∣barb.

A purging Wine for five doses. Take Dock roots, or Monks-Rhubarb two ounces, bark of the Roots of Tamarisk, or Ash and Danewort, each an ounce; Fumitory, budds of Hops, Mercury, Agrimony, Maidenhair, Wormwood, each two drams; Peach, and Cordial flowers, each a dram; Anise∣seeds two drams, Senna two ounces, Thyme, and Epithymum an ounce, Mechoacan, or Briony roots half an ounce, Ginger a dram, bruise them for five or six pints of Wine, and steep them therein, you may ad Sodanella and a little black Hel∣lebore, which is safest in Wine.

Or, Take eight measures of new Wine, add twelve ounces of Senna, Mechoacan, Sarsa, Sassaphras, each three ounces; Wormwood two handfuls.

Another Decoction for other Diseases, and the Scab to be taken thirty dayes, it prevents and cures. Take Gu∣aicum an ounce, Sarsa six drams, Roots of Succory and Liquo∣rish, each half an ounce; boyl and strain them, and for one dose infuse Senna half an ounce, Mechoacan a dram, Ginger half a dram, strain and add Syrup or Juyce of Roses half an ounce, Balm water an ounce: Give it at once.

An Infusion or Decoction of Hellebore is good as in o∣ther stubborn Diseases, made of the small Roots of Helle∣bore, that which is called black Astrintia, or that with a green or purple Flower, which are greater then the white Hellebore, though this may be used in strong Bodies, take off the Bark and cast away the Pith, which may be soft∣ned in Wine, if it will not come off. Take a dram or four scruples of this bark, two drams of Senna, infuse them in wine or Oxymel, if it be white Hellebore or Aniseseed water, add Cloves, Cinnamon, Ginger, boyl gently, and strain them, add the Decoction, or Raisons, and Prunes, or Syrup of Poly∣pody, or of Roses. Or you may make an Extract of black Hellebore by often Infusion, and give a little thereof.

A certain Emperick cured all Scabs and other stubborn Diseases, with the Decoction of Stibium calcined and Sar∣saparilla.

You may also use Potions and Electuaries, as of Tama∣rinds, Cassia, Manna, Lenitive, Diacassia, Diaprunis, Dia∣catholicon, or stronger with Scammony, as Diaprunis so∣lutive, Diasebesten, of Juyce of Roses, Diaphaenicon, Troches of Violets, or Electuary of Lapis Lazuli, Con∣fectio Hamech, Diasenna, Pills of Fumitory, Agrimony, Rhubarb, and Pills of Lapis Lazuli, or of the five Myro∣balans.

After Purging sweat to send out the sharp Humors in both moist and dry Itch, for though it dries the Body more, yet it takes away the cause. For Nature in Impe∣tigo and Psora tends that way, as we may observe.

Therefore use not only hot Houses often, but when the Itch is stubborn and returns, continue them a month, with Decoctions of Guaicum and Sarsa as in the Pox, but not with such slender Diet, least by drying the Body with∣in, you sharpen the Humors, alwayes Purging every third day, by which we have often cured them.

Use Alterers to amend the Constitution, and a sparing Diet, but not so as to exasperate the Humors. Let the Diet be of good Nourishment, temperate and moist rather then dry, and cold rather then hot. Take heed of salt, sharp, and spiced Meats, and Wine that inflames the Body too much. Let the Air be good, the sleep temperate, and let them exercise often to breath out the Excrements by in∣sensible Transpiration.

Medicines must be given to alter the sharpness of the hu∣mors that are cold and moist, to correct the Distemper of the Liver, and open Obstructions: As Conserves, Can∣dyes, Syrups, Waters of Bugloss, Violets, Roses, Succo∣ry, Water-lillies, Maidenhair, Citrons, Pouder of Trion∣santalon, and Diarrhodon: And others mentioned in hot and melancholy Diseases. Also give sharp Spaw-water for many dayes; or Troches of Vipers, with Conserves in Psora and Elephantiasis, and a dram of Gum Lac, with three ounces of the Decoction of Myrtles, is good to pre∣serve against Impetigo.

Many in Psora and other stubborn Scabs, use Chicken∣broath, and Vipers flesh boyled therein, and made into balls, with Crumbs of Bread, and gilded with Gold.

Let the topical Remedies be such as draw out the Hu∣mors fastned in the skin, and abate their sharpness, and dissolve them, and that purge the skin from matter, crust, scurfe and scalds; and heal it, and take away the Inflam∣mation. They must be drying, and cleansing, and hea∣ling, mixed with cold and sharp things, in both moist and dry Itch, to abate cholerick and sharp Humors, and Itch∣ing and Inflamation; as in the vulgar Itch, or that which is called Fera, or Cruel, or Terminthus, or Epinyctis. Also add Emollients to take away the Scabs in the wet Itch, and the scurfe and scalds in the dry. Thus scratching is delightful, till the skin be torn to let out the itching Hu∣mor, but it ends in tearing pain; and though it so hur∣teth, and is the first cause of the scab breaking out, yet be∣cause it allayeth the Itch, and brings out the Humors, it is not amiss, if it be with distinction of the parts, and not so much in some places as in others.

Baths are much used against the Itch, both natural and artificial, dry and moist; and if it be in a particular part, they must be used to that alone.

Among Natural Baths it is good to swim in fresh water, which allayes the Itch by its coldness, and mollisies the scurfe by its moistness, and by its earthy quality, which I shewed in the Causes of the Stone, to be in all Waters, it

dryeth. And the rather if the Water be muddy, or have any chalk-like substance in it when it is boyled. Such are in divers places, although they are sweet and seem pure and clear, and are good against other Diseases as well as the Itch. Hot Water doth all things better, if the Patient continue long in it, and go in often, for thereby the Hu∣mors are better drawn forth and purged; and by the use of it not only the small Itch but the stubborn Scab, hath been often cured.

Sulphur-waters or such as are salt or sharp, which by the bitumen swiming at the top, and by their scent declare they are from Minerals, are the best baths. That of Sul∣phur which is hot upon which Bitumen swims like grease, is best against all sorts of Scabs, because it dries, cleanseth, and digests, and mollifies by its fat, therefore it is good a∣gainst dry scabs as the last remedy. Salt Waters hot or cold are best for the moist scab, for they dry strongly. And all other Mineral Waters are good.

Or Artificial Baths, such as are called dry or hot Hou∣ses to sweat in, by which the humors that cause the scab sweat out with the serum, which takes away the scab by its moistness, and the heat dries up the Excoriation. These do it alone somtimes, but moist baths or other applicati∣ons when the Pores are opened, do better being joyned therewith.

You may make moist Baths to sit in, to cleanse, dry, mollifie and cause sweat of Herbs, Roots, and all, as of Docks, Scabious, Elicampane, five leaved Grass, Snake∣weed, Tormentil, Plantane, Fumitory, Moulin, Fern, Dwarf-elder, Mugwort, Dill, Oak leaves, Ivy, and Wil∣low tops: tops of Briony, Dragons, or Cookowpints, wild Cowcumbers, and to dry more, of Sorrel, Soapwort, Pel∣litory, Beets, Mallows, Borrage, Marsh-mallows, Lillies, Organ, Sage, Chamomil, and Rosemary flowers, Beans, Pease, Vetches, Lupins, Barley, Bran, Foenugreek, Gourd and Lineseed, and the like. Boyled in fresh Water, or Salt, or mineral Water, adding Lye, or Smiths Forge-wa∣ter, or Sulphur, Salt, Allum, Vitriol, Tartar burnt, Gyp∣sum, Bole, and the like.

Thus: Take Lapathium, and Briony roots a pound, Eli∣campane four ounces, Dragons, or Cookowpints two ounces, Sca∣bious, Plantane, Fumitory, Pellitory, Mallows six handfuls, Bean and Lentil meal four pugils, burnt Gypsum a pound, Sulphur half a pound, Salt four ounces, with Water to fill the Vessel, boyl it and add Lye.

In a dry Itch when by use of Oyntments the skin is dry. Take Mallows, Violets, Docks, Beets, roots and all, Pellitory, Scabious six handfuls, Line, Faenugreek, Bran, Pompion seeds an ounce or more, Chamomil flowers three pugils, Brimstone a pound, boyl them.

Another for the same. Take Sulphur two pounds, Salt a pound pouder them and mix them with two pints of Oyl, boyl them gently, put them into a hot Water for a hath, let him sit and sweat there, and after that sweat in his bed, do thus three dayes, and be cured.

It is good once or twice a day to rub and anoint before and after bathing, the Pores being open.

Rub the Body with Dock roots boyled in Vinegar, in both Itches; or bruise Dock roots, with Salt and Vine∣gar, and rub in the bath therewith, that he may be washt after this is a common remedy.

In Impetigo use Briony and Gentian roots, after the same manner, with Dragons and Cookowpints.

Or stamp these Plants, Roots and all, with Vinegar, Salt and Brimstone, as Elicampane, five leaved Grass, Snak∣weed, Tormentil, Alkanet, wild Cowcumbers, Daffodil, Coleworts, Bugloss, black Charlin, Crowfoots, black Hel∣lebore, Plantane, Scabious, Fumitory, Agrimony, Elm∣leaves, lesser Celandine, and against Itching, use Potamo∣getum and Mercury.

Add Meal of Lupins, Darnel, Pease, Barley, Juniper, and Bay-berries; or wild three leaved Grass, and Water∣cresses, with Honey according to Dioscorides. or Cori∣ander, Wormwood, Rue, Cowcumber leaves, and Leeks, Rhus, Coleworts and Plantane, with Bran, Raisons, Ho∣ney, against the Epinyctis.

Or an Apple called Adams-apple cut in two, sprinkled with sulphur within, and then roasted in brown Paper un∣der the Embers, is good to rub with, or an Orange.

Mustard-seed, Turnep, Rocket, Nigella, Staphisager, Briony, Tamarisk, with Vinegar and Oyl, or Glans un∣guentaria, with Urin or seeds of sunflower, are used by Dioscorides against Epinyctis.

You may rub the Plants mentioned, adding Grease, as with Dock or Gentian roots, bruised or boyled with bit∣ter Grease, Oyl of Bayes, and Ginger.

Or, Take Roots of Docks, Elicampane or the like, two oun∣ces, Dragons, or Cookowpints two drams, slice and boyl them in Vinegar, bruise and add Hogs grease, or Butter three oun∣ces, with Salt and Brimstone. If you add a little Quick-sil∣ver or Sublimate, it is excellent in Impetigo and Psora.

Or, Take Roots of black Chamaeleon two ounces and half, bruise them with fine Hogs grease, or Oyl three ounces, add Sulphur half an ounce, Allum two drams, Vitriol a dram.

Or boyl a pugil of Juniper-berries, and a spoonful of salt bruised in fine Hogs grease or Oyl, and strain them for an Oyntment.

Or use Juyces of Herbs mentioned, or of Mercury Xy∣ris, Agrimony, Southernwood, with salt, sulphur and Vi∣negar; or Juyce of Oranges, Lemmons, Citrons, Oyl omphacine and Acacia, or Juyce of Sowbread, Thapsia, Fig milk is used by Dioscorides. Juyce of Henbane takes away Itching.

Or Vinegar made of the Infusion of Oleander, Olive∣leaves.

Aloes dissolved in Vinegar is good against Impetigo.

Storax with Vinegar and Oyl of Roses, cures the scab.

Or Turpentine, or Gum Arabick, of Plum-tree, Al∣monds, Vines, with Vinegar and Oyl.

Dioscorides applies Bird-lime, with a pledget to the E∣pinyctis.

Or the Water that comes out of burnt Olive, or Cot∣nil-tree, or the Tears of Vines, when they are cut off, or pruned.

Or sheeps or Goats dung with Vinegar, cures the Epi∣nyctis according to Dioscorides.

Or the Gall of an Ox, or Blood of a Goose, takes a∣way itching.

Or fasting Spittle, the Herpes and Impetigo.

Or Oyl of Yolks of Eggs, or Wheat or Nightshade∣berries, or Oyl in which live Coals have been quenched. Dioscorides commends Oyl of Cedar, or wild Olives, and Ovl of Rocket, Tamarisk, Ash, Juniper, or Oyl of Hen∣bane seed, Populeon oyntment. Some use Petroleum in the Scab Terminthus, or Oyl of Tartar, with a little Oyl of Vitriol.

A Liniment usual against the Itch. Take fresh Butter, or Oyl of Roses four ounces, Turpentine dissolved with Yolks of Eggs two ounces or three, Salt six drams, mix them well, you may add Sulphur, or which stinks less, six drams of Ceruss, or an ounce of Juyce of Oranges or Lemmons.

Or, Take Oyl of Roses, Violets, Nuts, Lineseed, Lillies, Bayes four ounces, Juyce of Docks, Scabious, Plantane, Fu∣mitory, Oringes, Lemmons, with a little Vinegar four ounces, Turpentine three ounces, Salt six drams: Or boyl the Oyls and Juyces till the Juyces be consumed, and with Turpen∣tine and Wax make an Oyntment, but the first is better.

Or make an Oyntment of Sulphur and Litharge, Oyl and Juyces aforesaid; or with Juyces and Vinegar with∣out Oyls.

Or use the common Oyntment of Litharge or Ceruss, made of Oyl and Vinegar, or without Vinegar; or use Unguent of Roses, or white Oyntment, with Camphire, adding Litharge and Sulphur.

You may quickly make an Oyntment of Gun-pouder which consists of sulphur, Niter and Charcole, with Oyl or Grease: This is the soldiers Oyntment against the Itch.

Or: Take Litharge, Sulphtr, of each six drams; roots of Dragons or Cookowpints two drams: mix them with the for∣mer Oyntment, And half an ounce of Storax.

Or: Take Ceruss, Tutty or Pompholyx, or Cadmia, Li∣tharge, Bole or Chalk, each two drams; Sulphur three drams, Tartar a dram and an half, Gum Sandrack or Sarcocol or Mastick, each a dram; make a pouder with burnt Lead and Antimony and mix it with the oyntments mentio∣ned.

In a stubborn Itch, add Chalcitis or wine Lees burnt half an ounce, or a dram of Oyl of Tartar, a scruple of Oyl of Vi∣triol, or half an ounce of Quick-silver, dissolved with Tur∣pentine with is excellent, or as much Sublimate.

Oyntments for Rich and dainty people, are made of Unguentum Citrinum, which makes the skin fair, and it is best in the face: and Lac Virginis.

Or: Take Ceruss half an ounce, Borax two drams, Tar∣tar a dram and an half, Gersa Serpentaria a dram, Frankin∣cense, Niter, each half a dram; with juyce of Limons, make an oyntment.

For the worst Itch: Take Calcanthum, or Misie, or Chal∣eitis each half an ounce, scales of Brass two drams, or Verdigreese half a dram, Allum three drams, Sulphur an ounce, Aloes, Frankincense, Myrrh, each a dram and an half; Acacia a dram, with infusion of Gum Arabick in Vinegar. Galens adds Amurca or Lees of Oyl and Rosin.

In Tinea, which is the spreading scab or scald: Take Tartar, Niter and Allum, each half an ounce; Litharge an ounce, Sulphur vive six drams, both Hellebors three drams, Orpiment two drams, pouder them, and with Soap and juyce of Docks or Sowbread, make an Oyntment.

Or: Take Litharge an ounce, Allum, Niter or sal Gem, Tartar and Sulphur, each half an ounce; ashes of Nuts with the shels and Garlick burnt, each three drams; Soot whose blackness doth no hurt to the Hair, two drams, both Helle∣bores and Staphsagre, of each a dram; make a pouder, and with Honey, strong Vinegar, and three heads of Garlick and two drams of Ivy or juniper berries: make an Oynt∣ment.

Or with Oyl of Nuts, Juniper or Bayes, and if you boyl the Oyls with juyce of Garlick, Centaury, Docks, Oranges and Vinegar, to the consumption of the juyces, it will be stronger.

This Oyntment for a scald Head will be stronger, with half an ounce of Quick-silver, dissolved in Turpentine or with Cinnabar, or red Lead, or with red Chalcanthum, or Chalcitis, or yellow, which is called Misy, or three drams of Verdigreese, or a dram of Orpiment, or Sublimate, and if they be mixed with the Oyntment made of Honey and Vine∣gar without Oyl, it will be stronger, because unctious things abate the force.

Many scald Heads have been cured with this: Take the Oyntment that Carters grease their wheels with, called in Dutch Rarensalve, a pound, leaves of dryed savin an ounce and an half, Bay berries half an ounce, white Hellebore two drams, sulphur an ounce, Quick-silver half an ounce, dissolve it with Turpentine, and make an Oyntment.

Add the ashes of a Hedghog, or Hippocampus, or ashes of Juniper and Ash, pouder of Earth Cimolia, Adarces and Cardamom and Camphire, they abate the Itch∣ing.

To take away the stink of the Brimstone and the rest, add Storax liquid, or Oyl of Spike, or Juniper, or pouder of Orris.

Or let it be made with flower of Brimstone and besides Storax, add flower of Belzoin, which are sweet and clense and dry.

A Cataplasine for a scald Head: Take three ounces of Garlick, Rue, Savin, Ivy, Nettles; each a handful; rot∣ten Nuts five, Juniper berries an ounce and an half, Pi∣geons dung an ounce: boyl them in strong Vine∣gar.

Or mix meal of Faenugreek with Pumice stone and juyce of Garlick and milk of Figs.

I have known poor people cure the scald, with the fat Earth that lies about spaw waters, laid all over the Head.

Or use pouders aster you have anoynted the Head with Honey and Oyl aforesaid.

Dioscorides sprinkles on Niter and Frankincense.

Or: Take Pumex stone three drams, Borax two drams, Salt, Allum, Chalcitis burnt, of each a dram; Frankincense and Myrobalans each half a dram; Galls, Cypress, Nuts burnt a dram and an half: make a pouder.

You may take of the scab and the Oyntments with De∣coction of five-leaved-Grass, Docks, Scabious and Meal of Lupines.

Or with the Decoction of Hens Dung, sheeps or Goats dung, adding Docks, Plantane, Agrimony, Mallows, Bettony.

Or dissolve burnt Gypsum in Forge water, it cures all scabs, for besides drying it mollifies, and the Hands will not be rough when they are washt therewith, but soft as we see when work men use it, for making Plai∣ster.

Common Salt, or Allum, Niter, or Gem, or Armoni∣ack, dissolved in Vinegar allaies itching, or Tartar, or burnt Allum, you may if it be too strong add water of Myrtles, Roses, Docks, or the white of an Egg, and Oyls.

Or thus: Take burnt Gypsum a good quantity, Bole pou∣dered three ounces, Salt two ounces, Allum an ounce, vitriol a dram with vinegar and Wine, make them as a Lye, or boyl them, wash the mangie parts.

Lac Virginis made of Litharge and Vinegar and Salt or Allum water with juyce of Limons, Oyl of Tartar doth the same in the Face best.

For a Scald wash the Head with Lye or Forge water, wherein are boyled Mallows, Beets, Pellitory, Southern∣wood, Wormwood, Horehound, Centory, Bettany, Mai∣denhair, Savin, Bramble leaves, Pease, Vetches, Beans, Lentiles, Lupines, Faenugreek, Juniper and Ivy berries, Mustard seeds, Cypress Nuts and both Hellebors, adding Vinegar.

In a stubborn scab and Impetigo: Take Litharge of Gold half a pound, Allum an ounce, juyce of Plantane, Docks and Limons, of each an ounce; Vinegar a pint and an half: boyl and filter it off, it is stronger with three drams of Quick-silver, or half an ounce of Chalcitis.

Or boyl Litharge, sublimate, Ceruss, Vitriol, equal parts; in Plantane, Dock or spring water.

Or dissolve sublimate in Aqua fortis and mix a spoon∣ful thereof with Rose or plantane water, try the strength first upon some part and then use it.

Or use the distil'd water of Docks mentioned in the Tetter.

Or: Take juyce of Docks four ounces, of Plantane two ounces, of Limons an ounce, Rose water an ounce and an half, pouder of Sulphur and Salt, each an ounce; Litharge half an ounce, Ceruss two drams, Sublimate a dram.

Or: Take Dock roots three ounces, Bryonie, Elicampane, Gentian roott, each an ounce; Sulphur an ounce and an half, Quick-silver half an ounce, Vinegar eight ounces,, distil a water.

A Lixivium cures the scab, if it be used in time of ba∣thing with soap, this is best in the scald, to get the scabs from the Hair and other filth. It is best made of vine and colewort ashes and of Bean stalk, juniper ash with unslea∣ked Lime, adding Forge water, Urin, vinegar or pickle, salt, Allum, sulphur, Calcanthum.

Or wash with stale Urin, that hath stood long in a brass pot or that which is red and is made by a cholerick person.

Some commend that Water found in the cavities of Oaks.

Or use Medicines mentioned in the Elephantiasis.

Or use a Dropax, that is a plaster of pitch laid on, and forceably drawn off, to pluck out the Hair by the

roots which hinder the cure of a scald Head this is the last Remedy: make it of Pitch, Rosin and oyl dissolved, one Plaster over the whol Head is better than many.

Excoriation, Clefts, Wounds, and Ulcers are cured alike, when the skin, flesh, and o∣ther parts divided grow again together: this is Natures only work, and the Physitian doth only remove the impediments by actual or potential means: and because Driers are chiefly used they say all Ulcers are cured thereby; but they vary accor∣ding to the sorts of Ulcers, as we shal shew, first we shall speak of the cure of superficial abrasions, and Fissures, or Clefts, then of Burnings, then of deeper Wounds and Ul∣cers.

Abrasions called Intertrigines or Galls by Riding, long lying, Piss∣ing in Infants and Pose or Coryza in the Nose, or from Phlyctenae, or Bladders broken, also Fissures or Clefts, or Chinks, or chaps called Rhagades in the Hands, Feet, Lips, Fundament, Paps, Privities, Prepuce of Men, Eye-brows, Nostrils, Ears, come from Heat or Cold, or Driness, or salt and sharp Humors, as Perniones or Kibs and Chilblanes use to be in the Heels in time of great Cold. they are cu∣red alike, and when Kibes turn to Ulcers, they are cured as Ulcers.

First take away that which caused them, or hinders the Cure of them, as by removing outward Causes, and clen∣sing inward, as salt and sharp Humors, and preventing their Increase, as we shewed in the Scab, if the cause can∣not be wel taken away let it be abated, if it come by rid∣ing, mend the Saddle, if by long lying, lay soft things un∣der, and if Children be gall'd by Urine, defend the part.

As for the rest of the Cure, although Nature by Nou∣rishment wil make new skin, and glew up Clefts or Chaps, yet because the torn skin grows rough round about where it presently drieth, especially where it is thicker then ordi∣nary, and moysture falls thereon, which hinders action, you must apply Topicks to mollify the hard and dry Cir∣cumference, and things that dry gently without biting, and moisten and so dry as it is rough or wet more or lesse, Thus.

All Suets lenifie and heat, the chief are Dears, Kids and Goats. You must anoynt a Clout and apply it.

Candle droppings are good against galling by riding, and they are better when they are dropt into Water, or white Wine, this oyntment is called Candle-droppatum, it is easie to be had for Travellers.

When you wil Lenifie more, use Goose, Duck, Hens Grease, or Oesypus which is Grease of Wool, or use Bears Grease, against Kibes or Chilblanes.

Or oyl of Roses, Myrtles, Quinces, bitter Almonds, or yolks of Eggs, for chapt Lips or Nipples, or oyl of a burnt Nutshel, or of Wheat, the oyl of a roasted Turnep cures the Chilblanes.

Or the oyl of Sowbread or Daffadil roots made hollow, and then roasted, or oyl of Nettle seeds, or of Nettles, boyled in oyl with Salt.

Or Mucilage of Gum Tragacanth in Rose-water, or of Quince seeds, or the white of an Egge, Glew, or Size, made of Leather shreds boyled, cures the Chaps of the Nipples and the Grease thereof also.

The Valesians use the Gum, that comes from the Bark of the Larch tree called Drambech in Dutch, or Turpen∣tine.

Pomatum made of Kids Suet is Good for all Chaps, and it is sweet for the Lipps and Nipples.

You may of those sewets, and oyls, and white Wax, make an oyntment with Mucilage, and a little Turpen∣tine.

Or make oyntment of hard yolks of Eggs, with Goats sewet, oyl of Roses, and Grease that is sweet.

Or for the Chaps of the Lips, use Honey, or Syrup of Roses, or Sugar pellets, or Sugar of Roses, or Diatraga∣canth frigid made into a Liniment.

To dry more use juyce of Plantane and Turpentine, with the oyls mentioned wel mixed together.

Or with Starch and Infusion of Gum Tragacanth, with other driers.

or juice of sweet Pomegranates, with Starch, and But∣ter; when there are Chaps in the nostrils, from Coryza or Pose, or Use the Emulsion, of the four great cold seeds.

Or Use the iuices of Comfrey, Cotyledon, Elder, Rue, made as the rest into an oynument; or juyce of Goose-Grass, against the Chaps of the Nipples, or Acacia against Kibes or Chilblanes.

Or Juyce of Briony with Salt, is good against Clefts.

Or leaves of Beech, or Briony, applyed to chapt Lips cures them.

Or a roasted Leek, or Onion, with honey and oyl, or a Squil or Sea onyon, with oyl or Rosin, against Chil∣blanes.

Or add Starch to the Mucilages, or to oyntments, of Sewet, or of Yolks of Eggs.

Or Pouder of Galls, or Turpentine, and Honey.

In Chaps and Kibes, add Ashes of Bran, Squils, Figgs Asses Hoof, Horse-tayl, Cray fish, to Honey of Roses, suets, or oyls.

Or burnt Shoe soals, or Paper with suet, or Tallow, is good, or to be added to Candle droppatum, for Galls by Riding, being at hand.

Mastich, Frankincense or Pitch poudered and mixed with oyl of Roses or Grease and Wax make a good oynt∣ment.

Or thus. Take Sorrel, Sarcocol, Mastich, each a dram; Gum parched half an ounce: pouder them, and with Oyntment of yolks of Eggs mentioned two ounces, or with that of Mucilages for chapt Lips make an Oyntment.

Sulphur and oyl mixed cure the Chaps of the Hands, or if you tie Sulphur in a Clout, or the flour of it, and boyl it in common oyl, or oyl of St. Johns wort or Mou∣lin.

Or Litharge with the white of an Egg, or Mucilage, or oyl, or Grease stirred long in a Leaden Mortar, cures the Excoriations by Piss and other chaps.

Or mixed with the oyntments made of Juyce of Plan∣tane: also Ceruss, Tutty, Starch, and oyl of Yolks of Eggs.

Or thus. Take Litharge, Myrrh, Frankincense, each •• dram; Galls or round Birthwort half a dram, Camphire a scruple, Oyntment of Suet two ounces.

Or use the usual oyntment of Litharge, Ceruss, Pom∣pholyx, with Allum or Unguentum Citrinum.

When the chaps are stubborn, use stronger Driers. Take Litharge, Ceruss, each a dram; Allum, red Lead, each half a dram; Sublimate four grains, with white of an Egg make a Liniment.

A Water for the same. Take Tartar three drams, Allum half a dram, Sublimate four grains, ••eruss, Litharge, each a dram; Frankincense, Mastich, each half a dram; Pomegra∣nate flowers two scruples: boyl them, mix them in twelve ounces of Rose, Plantane, Limon, or Mouse-ear water till a third part be consumed, wash therewith.

Or wash before anoynting with Decoction of Lillies, Mallows, Henbane, Poppy, Violets, Purslane, Groundsil, Housleek, Chamaemel, Melilot flowers, meal of Foenugreek and Line seed with Sheeps suet, let it be of Milk or Water.

It is good to wash chapt hands in their own Urin.

For Kibes and Chilblains foment with a Decoction in Wine and Water of sharp Herbs, as Dragons, Sowbread, Crowfoot; or Clensers, as Turneps, Beets, Orrobus seed: or Astringents, as Myrtle, Verbascum the less, Arction and Pomegranate peels. Also Allum water is good against Kibes and Chilblains.

Or: Take Melilot a handful, red Roses a pugil, pulp of Quinces two ounces: boyl and stamp them, add meal of Len∣tils

an ounce, Pomegranates peels half an ounce; with Oyl of Roses, Frankincense and Ashes, make a Cataplasm.

I have seen the thick lips in a kib'd Heel stitched toge∣her, that it may heal the better.

You may cure chaps in the Hands and Feet with ordi∣nary Glew spread upon a Clout.

You may use against Burning, things against Blisters and Excoriations from them, being broken.

Burning, whether it be from any thing red hot, or from flame, or from Gun-powder (for a Bullet cannot so quick∣ly grow hot as to burn as some suppose) or from scalding water and the like, or from potential Causticks or Nettles the narrower and shallower it is, the sooner and easier it is cured; if otherwise, it is difficult, and leaves an ugly scar, and I have seen Gun-powder stick in the skin after the Cure. That Burning that is in or about noble parts or the Face, or which is very large from falling into the Fire is dangerous and often deadly.

If the skin be burnt by a Cautery, we labor to keep it open, by cutting the Blyster and taking off the Eschar, and use nothing but things mentioned in Flegmon against pain and Inflammation, and they may be used against o∣ther Burnings with Blood letting.

As for the place burned that is hurt and pained, first we take out the Fire, which is thought to be done by hot things, and therefore the Vulgar hold the part to the Fire, but they are most agreeable which have moderate heat and are therefore called Anodynes, and dry without Biting, and digest without great heat, and which hinder the Bli∣sters from breaking. this done at the first, we must use stronger Driers, and such as heal Excoriation and Ulcera∣tion. such as are against the skin flead off, and mentioned in the Itch. But if it turn to a deep Ulcer by suppurati∣on, it must be cured as an Ulcer. and if the Weapon or Instrument made a Wound also you must first use things against Burning. and then cure the Ulcer. against Burn∣ing use these.

Plants bruised or boyled in Water, Wine-vinegar, or Oyl, or Hogs Grease are good, as Leeks, Onions, Daffa∣dil, Hemerocallis, Lillies, Danewort roots, Hemp, Alka∣net, Thorn roots, or leaves of St. Johns wort, Androsae∣mus, Pellitory, Althaea, Mallows, Ivy, wild Verbascum, Mulberry, Myrtles, Poppies, Hounds-tongue, wild Rue, Sesamus flowers, of Spear-grass, Ivy, Cistus, Typha, or apply Beets roots and all.

Or anoynt with the Juyces especially of leaves and Ber∣ries of Ivy, Onyons, Turneps, Nightshade, wild Lettice which hath a milky juyce according to Dioscorides. with Allum or yolks of Eggs, Mucilage or Gum Traganth or Cream.

Or: Take the juyces mentioned three ounces, Oyl of Roses, fresh Butter, Hogs grease, each an ounce; slaked Lime half an ounce, mucilage of Quinces an ounce: with Turpentine make an Oyntment. or boyl away the Juyces and put Wax to it.

The Vulgar apply Elder leaves, but the middle rind is better.

Or: Take the middle rind of Elder an ounce and an half, the juyce of Elder buds an ounce, Lineseed Oyl two ounces, Oyl of Roses and Hogs grease, each an ounce; Wax an ounce and an half, Frankincense an ounce,: boyl them in Water a little and when it is cold, take of the Oyl at the top. Mathiolus useth liquid Varnish: but we Line seed Oyl.

Or apply the root of Fennel stampt with Cream, but first take off the black skin or coat.

Or the middle bark of the Tile tree, which in Rose wa∣ter makes a Mucilage which is excellent in Burnings.

Or use Oyls by Infusion of the fruits of Momordica or Nightshade, Apples, or of red Poppy leaves. or by De∣coction the Oyl in the hollow roots of Daffodil, or Ivy boyled in Oyl and Wine til the Wine be consumed. also Oyl of Elder, Quinces. or by expression, as Oyl of Gourd seeds of Nuts or yolks of Egs.

Or Oyl of Whelps and Worms which is approved a∣gainst Gun-shot fire.

Or Hogs Grease wel clensed and dropt into Water, with the application of a hot Iron. others stick Straws into Ba∣con and set them on fire to make it drop: but it is better to wrap them in a double paper that is larger and set on fire, and so let it drop into water, thus they season roast meat instead of Larding it. Bacon alone so prepared cu∣reth Burnings, and easeth pain with Cream or Yolks of Eggs.

Against Gun-powder fire, use Butter or Hogs Grease dropt into Frog-spawn water, or of Cray-fish, or Earth∣worms boyled.

When there is an Ulcer, use pouders, or otherwise a∣nointing first the part that they may stick, with Oyl, Mu∣cilage or Milk. as Ashes of Gourds, Coleworts, Barley, Shoe soals, shels of Frogs, or as Dioscorides, pouder of Ci∣nabar and Cimolian Earth.

The Vulgar wet the part and apply meal to take out the fire.

To abate pain use whites of Eggs and Oyl of Roses with Lint. or with white Wax make an Oyntment, adding mu∣cilage of Quinces and Hogs Grease or Barley meal, and in an Ulcer Bole and Frankincense.

Or: Take Leeks or Onions roasted, stamp them with yolks of Eggs or Elder Deers or Goats Suet and Turpentine: make a Plaster.

Or use the Oyntment of Quick Lime, steep Lime in wa∣ter til it dissolve, pour off the water and add fresh, seven, ten, or twelve times: keep the Lime in the bottom dry, or use it presently.

This washt Lime with Oyls of Roses, or fresh Butter and white Wax makes an Oyntment. or with whites of Eggs, mucilage of Quinces or Fleabane, Ceruss with Milk and a little Camphire. or Citrine oyntment, Pomatum or Populeum, for the Face.

Or mix this washt Lime with Hogs Grease, with Oyl or Lineseed and Barley meal for a Linunent.

Oyl of St. Johns wort with washt Lime is excellent e∣specially in Gun-shot.

Or it is good to mix the water of washt Lime with Oyl of Roses; and apply it.

Or use this Lime water against Gun-powder fire. Take Flints burnt to Lime, pour Water upon them in a wooden Vessel, and there wil be Fat swimming at the top. use this upper Water with Oyl of Roses and a Clout hot.

Some use Sope against Burnings.

Dioscorides saith that Glew dissolved in hot Water hin∣ders Blysters.

You may make Oyntments of the Ashes, Pouders, Oyls, Hogs Grease, whites of Egs, and Mucilages aforesaid. ad∣ding seeds of wild Rue, St. Johns wort, Acacia, fine pou∣der of Glass, Phrygian Stone according to Dioscorides, who applieth also Stimmi with fresh Grease.

Or Ashes of Myrtles and yolks of Egs, as also Salt peter and Oyl of Roses, hinder Blysters from rising.

Or Ceruss and oyl of Roses washt with Rose water, the white of an Eg and Camphire. or the white oyntment of Rhasis, or of Ceruss.

Or Sheeps Dung, Hen or Pigeon Dung, with Oyl of Roses or Line seed. the Vulgar take out Fire with Cow dung.

Dioscorides saith that Salt and Oyl prevent Pustles. o∣thers uss Niter and Oyl of Egs.

Dioscorides useth Milk and Water.

Or Foment with Coleworts or Cabbage Broath, or with that of Turneps. or use the distilled Water, lay Cole∣wort leaves on to hinder the Inflammation and discuss.

Or use the Decoction of Ivy, Privet, Plantane, Henbane seeds to cure Itching.

Or distilled Water of Flowers of Verbascum, Plantane and Henbane seed to hinder Pustles from rising with red Sanders and Camphire.

Aqua vitae is good against Bruises, and also Burn∣ings.

And cold Water hinders Blysters from rising.

And so doth Juyce of Fennel and white Wine.

You must not forcibly pul off an Eschar from a Burning, for the pain and bleeding wil increase and the hurt wil be larger: but with Lenifiers and Ripners applied, let it fall off of it self. we can scarce get it off in eight daies, and then we take it off with Forceps with little cutting.

Butter spread upon a Colewort or Mallow leaf makes the Eschar fall off.

Or the yolk of an Egg, and Butter or Oyl of Roses, or Hogs or Hens Grease. you may add Althaea roots, or Colewort leaves stamped, or other Emollients.

Or: Take Colewort leaves, and Althaea roots and other Emollients crude or boyled.

Also Triapharmacum Galeni, and Tetrapharmacum are good to make an Eschar fall off.

A Wound is larg, or narrow, or both, or venemous, of these kinds we shal shew divers Cures. We shal speak hereafter of a Wound compounded with a Phlegmon, which may happen to an Ulcer: First then of the large Wound, whither by a Cutt, or Prick called a Puncture, or by Gun-shot, or the like or by Con∣tusion, we shal speak together.

Among which, that which is broad and dividing the part perforating, and laming, the more superficial and aequal it is, and hath less hurt the part, the sooner it is cured. that which is otherwise is more difficult, especially a Contusion, for in that the flesh bruised, and Blood flowing thither presently suppurateth and ulcerateth. and a wound in the Membrane, and Nerves, about the Joynts, and when the Nerves, or Great Veins, or Arteries are divided, these are dangerous by reason of Bleeding, Resolving, or Contraction. They are commonly deadly with pain, through the Scull, and to the Brain, and Membranes, or through the Breast or Belly, to the Bowells, yet we have cured Wounds in the Lungs, and Guts, and Bladder, and Womb, leaving it open below, for Dung and Urine to pass out, and some say they have cured Wounds in the Brain, and other noble parts.

For the Cure; Let the Diet be such, as may keep the Body clean, the Belly be kept open, and a Vein opened if need require, and the Strength preserved, and the acci∣dents removed, as Bleeding, in large Wounds, and loss of Parts, or Inflammation from Gunshot, or Bruise, or great pain. this is don by Blood letting, and other Revulsions, and things mentioned in Wounds with Inflammations, and by binding Plasters, and Blood stanchers. And in respect of a wound, if there be any thing within that hurts it, it must be removed first of all, and then if the lips of the Wound be farr distant, they must be united, and lastly you must labour to make them grow together, Thus;

If any part or peice of a Sword, or other Instrument, or Bullet, which often falls deep▪ or peice of Glass or Splin∣ter, it must be taken out with Forceps with Teeth, or a Cranes bill, and if you cannot lay hold of it as being a Bullet, open the wound to come at it, so you must also do by broken Bones that are loose. And if any part be so cut away that it cannot be united to grow together, it must be cut off, afterwards if the wound be in a hairy part, it must be shaved off, that it fall not into the wound, and all dust or Filth must be wiped or washed away with a clean Sponge dipt in red Wine, which will repell and glutinate, you may for a shift use hot water.

When parts cannot grow together, we joyn them toge∣thet, nor in smal wounds, when the Lips are not farr as∣under, and when the Skin grows to the parts beneath, though it be cut; Therefore in Head wounds there needs no stitching, nor in longe Cutts, as when a Stone is ta∣ken out of the Bladder: In other parts the remote lipps of the Skin that is divided, also the Muscles and Tendons, and whatsoever is at distance, must be joyned together, and so kept some dayes: This is the first business for a Chyturgeon, in dressing of Wounds.

Sometimes by Ligatures alone, sometimes by Plasters also, we joyn and keep the lips of wounds together by a Rowler made of old soft Linnen, not so streight as to cause Pain and Imflammation, which sometimes Gan∣greens, nor so loose, that the Lips may not exactly meet together, according to the Longitude, and Latitude of the Wound. The Chyrurgeons make a threesold Liga∣ture, the first is called retentive, which is made in those parts, where we must not bind hard, as in the Neck and Breast, or in Wounds that are so full of pain, that they cannot abide it. This is done by a single Rowler, which is laid at the end upon the Wound, and sewed on the otherside. Another Ligature is called glutinating, or incarnative, with a double rowler beginning at the part against the Wound about the middle. where it must be be streighter, and sowing it, rather then tying a knot. The third Ligature, is called expulsive, this belongs to hollow Ulcers, and shal be mentioned in them.

The Lipps may be joyned together for a time, with little Buckles or Hooks, but they sall of too easily, and therefore cannot be sufficient for the glutinating of the Wound, which requires some time.

When Wounds are long, and their lipps farr divided, they must be joyned, for otherwise it cannot grow well together, without an ugly Scarr and Desormity, and if then the Tendons can be stitched together, the motion wil be less hindered. And if the great Veins can be stitched, there will be less danger of Bleeding, and want of Nou∣rishment to the part, this is done in the skin as other stitches, by drawing a needle through both Lipps of the Wound, and drawing a Thred through, and tying it, in distant stitches and knots: The Silk must be slender, but strong and even without knots, and the Needle sharp, long, and three square, with a stitching quil, but when Veins and Arteries are stitched, or the Guts, or other in∣ternal membranous parts: then you must make the Glo∣vers stitch, bringing the silk often about the lipps of the Wound.

Sometimes we joyn the lipps of wounds with Needles, by passing them through and fastning them about.

You may cure wounds also by Conglutination, and the Scarr will be less then by stitches, this is for the face. and there are two sorts of Conglutination, the one is by two Plasters on both sides of the wound, stitching them together when they stick fast, they are made of Glew, Gum Tragacanth, whites of Eggs, and Chalk or Pitch.

The other is by joyning the lipps together, and laying upon it a sticking Plaister, that wil not fall of till they grow together. they are made of Blood-stanchers, and Glutinaters, and you may stitch the skin withall, at the first while it bleeds, These plasters are made of fine pou∣ders, whites of Egges, and Gum Traganth or arabick, or Izinglass dissolved in Wine, adding the Furr of a Hare cut smal, or the downe of a Willow or Reed flowers, or of Grunsel, or dried Mushrooms, or Spiders webs, apply them with Linnen and a Boulster.

The Pouder of which this Plaster is made, is of Bole three parts, Frankinsence or Sarcocol, or Varnish, one part, with half a part of Dragons blood, and Hares, as I shewed.

Or of Quicklime, and sine Flower with the rest.

Or of Lime alone, and the white of an Egge, and Mast∣ick, to keep it from burning, or of ••arpenters Glew, o∣ver all the wound, or a plaster of Pitch.

Other Plasters that are more proper for Ulcers, shal be mentioned there.

Though nature attempts the Consolidation of Wounds by bringing nourishment to the part, and glutinating smal Wounds her selse, yet because though there be no Ulcer, there is in many a continual Moisture, which hinders Glu∣tination, we must use things to suck it up and help Nature by removing her obstacles (which a Dog doth only by licking) and applying glutinating Medicines. These be∣sides their drying qualities, mult astriuge and make the

lipps of the Wound grow together by sticking, they are for this called Glutinaters though other wayes they can∣not do it. And the demonstration that Comfrey boyled in a pot with peices of flesh gleweth them together, cannot prove it to be otherwise.

These also stop bleeding, so that we need no other ex∣cept the wound be in great vessels. by the use of these glutinaters, flesh and skin also will grow in Wounds, so that nothing will seem to be lost, except they ulcerate, nor need we use any other Medicines to breed flesh, or make a Scarr, as in hollow Ulers. Moreover those Medi∣cines cause a Glutination of the Callus, which Nature makes a nutriment of Bones, when any thing is lost by Wounds or Contusions. These Glutinaters are outwardly and inwardly applied in smal great and deep Ulcers, in these formes.

Some are Plasters such as we mentioned to hold the lips together, or of Pouders following with whites of Eggs and Hares Furr and Downs, at the first.

As: Take Frankincense, Myrrh, each equal parts, Aloes twice or thrice as much, with Sarcocol.

Or thus: Take burnt Bones washt with Rose water, to two ounces add Pomegranate peels and Hors-tail pouder, each two drams; Allum and burnt Vitriol, each a dram: make a Pouder.

Or: Take Galls, roots of Birthwort, Comfry, Pine barks, or roots of five-leav'd Grass, each two ounces; Sideritis, Goose-grass, Sumach, Myrtle berries or Grape stones, each two drams; burnt Spunge or wool a dram, make a Pouder for an Emplaster. you may add pouder of stones of Myro∣balans, red Kermes, Molochit is stone or Milstone.

Or: Take Colophony, Mummy, Dragons blood, each half an ounce; Ceruss, Litharge or Tutty, each two drams; Lead two drams, Blatta byzantinc, Moloch stone or Galactites, each a dram; fine flower an ounce, with white of an Eg make a Plaster.

In moist Wounds, use Emplasters of Mastich, Mummy, Aloes, and some of the aforesaid with Turpentine.

Or this usual. Take Birthwort roots half an ounce, San∣guis Draconis an ounce, Gum Elemy two ounces, Rosin three ounces, with Turpentine make a Plaster.

Or: Take Bitumen, Colophony, Frankincense, each an ounce; red Lead, Sulphur, Ceruss, each half an ounce; burnt Allum two drams, Coral a dram, Barley flour an ounce, with Gum Traganth or Izing-glass in water of Hors-tail, or Plan∣tane and a little Vinegar: make a Plaster.

Also Oyntments: As, Take Mastich, Sarcocol, Frankin∣cense, Aloes, each two drams; Saffron a dram, Turpentine six ounces, Rosin two ounces, Wax three ounces.

Or use Ʋngentum Aureum made of Frankincense, Ma∣stich, Colophony, Turpentine, Saffron, Oyl and Wax.

Or: Take Bole an ounce, Sanguis Draconis, Comfrey roots, each half an ounce; Mastich, Frankincense, Gum Arabick, each two drams; Mummy three drams, with Oyl of Roses and Rosin make a Plaster.

Or: Take Aloes, Sarcocol, Sagapen, Ammoniack, Gal∣banum, Bdellium, Mastich, Frankincense, Pitch, Bole, San∣guie Draconis equal parts; with Turpentine and Oyl & Blood of a red haird man, boyl them to an Oyntment.

This is a great Drier. Take Turpentine and Wax, each half a pound; Oyl of Juniper and Bayes, each an ounce; Oyl of yolks of Egs an ounce, Frankincense two ounces, Mastich an ounce, Lead stone and Calaminaris, each half an ounce; Vi∣triol and Allum, each six drams, Ceruss and Litharge, each half an ounce: with Rosin make a Plaster or Oyntment.

Oppodaldoch. Take Litharge a pound, Cadmia three ounces, Colophony four ounces, Wax a pound, Oyl a pint and an half, boyl them, and add Ammoniack, Galbanum, Edellium, Sagapen, Opopanax dissolved in Vinegar an ounce and half, Oyl of Bayes and St Johns wort, or Worms, an ounce, Tupentine half a pound: boyl and stir them, when they are taken off from the Fire, add Mastich, Frankincense, Myrrh, Mummmy and Asphaltum each an ounce; with Oyls, Cro∣cue Martis and flour of Antimony, each half an ounce; Am∣ber and Lead stone to draw out things fixed an ounce, make a Plaster.

Or: Take both Comfreys roots and all, five-leav'd Grass, Plantane, Shepherds purse, Mous-ear, Burnet, Yarrow, Ver∣vain, Dogs-tongue, Bettony, in all six handfuls; Earth-worms thirty: cut and bruise them, add red Wine a pint, Aqua vitae an ounce: boyl them to the consumption of the Wine, strain and add Gum Elemi, Frankincense, Mastich, Sarcocol, each an ounce and an half; Izing-Glass, Sanguis Draconis, each an ounce; Myrrh half an ounce, Turpentine two ounces, with Pitch and Wax make a Plaster.

Or thus: Take Birthwort roots, Comfrey, five-leav'd Grass three ounces, Hors-tail, Cypress Nuts, Myrtle berries, Galls, Pomegranate flowers, red Roses, St Johns wort flowers each two ounces, Gum Elemi, Sarcocol, Pine, Galbanum, Am∣moniack, Mummy, Opopanax each three ounces, Colophony, Sanguis Draconis, dried Goats blood, each an ounce; Oylof Roses omphacine, Olive or Myrtles, Grease of a Badger each an ounce, with Rosin, Pitch, and Wax, make a Plaster.

Oyntment of Tobacco. Take green Tobacco Leaves eight ounces, Plantane four ounces, fresh Butter six ounces: In∣suse herbs bruised, in red Wine all night, in the morning boyl them with Butter at a gentle Fire till the Wine and Juyces be consumed, add pouder of Gentian half an ounce, with Wax make a Saffron colored Oyntment.

Another good in Nervous parts: Take Comfrey roots two ounces,, Birthwort roots an ounce, Sulphur-wort roots half an ounce, Plantane, Bugloss, Vervain, Burnet, Yarrow, Dogs∣tongue, Anagall is with the red flower, Agrimony Hors-tail, each a handful; cut, and bruise, and boyl them in Sack till it be thick, stamp them and heat them again, adding Wax, Rosin, Pitch a pound, stir them til they dissolve, boyl them, and when they are off the Fire, add Mastich an ounce and an half, Galbanum dissolved in vinegar an ounce, Turpentine a pound: stir them til they be like a Plaster.

The Plaster made of Worms. Take six handful of the herbs mentioned roots and all, Earth-worms half a pound, boyl them in Wine and Oyl, strain them, and add Gum Ammo∣niacum, Galbanum, Opopanax, each an ounce and an half; Pitch and Asphaltum, each two ounces; Turpentine half an ounce, Stags Suet eight ounces, boyl them again to an Em∣plaster add Mastich and Frankincense each half an ounce.

Against the Tendons cut. Take roots of Daffodil an ounce, roots of Calamus half an ounce, Costus two drams, flow∣ers of Chamoemel, Roses, Lavendar, Stoechas, St. Johns wort, Sage, each a pugil; Earth-worms, thirty, boyl them in Wine and Oyl, adding Oyl of Indian Nuts, strain them, and add Labdanum an ounce, red Storax and Calamita, each an ounce: with Wax make an Oyntment.

Pouder of Earthworms and Honey is good in wounded Nerves.

And pouder of burnt Bones, especially of Men, with pouder of burnt Lead is good also to be sprinkled on, or with Honey.

Or Snayls stampt with Frankincense and Myrrh.

These following are good in wounds of the Head.

Emplaster of Bettony, or Cerot of Nicolas made of Bet∣tony, Mastich, Frankincense, Mummy, Rosin, Turpentine, Wax.

Or the same composition, except Mummy, with Bur∣net, Agrimony, Sage, Pennyroyal, Yarrow, Comfrey, Gallitricum, Orris roots, Birthwort, Gum Elemi, Oyl of Fir tree and Vine.

Or an Emplaster of the juyce of Bettony, Wax, Rosin and Turpentine.

Or de Janua Mesues made of Juyce of Bettony, Plan∣tane, Smallage, Rosin, Turpentine, Pitch, Wax.

Or Gratia Dei, or Cerot of Nicolas called Divine good for all wounds, made of Bettony, Vervain, Burnet, Ma∣stich and Wax.

Or that of Peter de Argelata, that besides the last hath Comfrey, Centaury, St. Johns wort, Hedg-hysop, Oliba∣num, Myrrh, Ammoniacum, Galbanum, Birthwort.

Or Catagmaticum of Andromachus by Galen is good a∣gainst broken Bone in the Head, or the Emplaster of Squils by Crito.

They know if the Skull be broken, by laying a Plaster of Frankincense, Labdanum and Wax, after the Head is shaven upon the Contusion, if it be dried in any part, there is the fracture.

These are the usual Plasters for wounds in the Nerves.

Nervinum of Vigo made of roots of Madder, Bettony, Rosemary, Hors-tail, Centaury leaves and seeds, of St. Johns wort, Earth-worms, Litharge, red Lead, Mastich, Gum Elemi, Sagapenum, Galbanum, Amoniacum, Pitch, Rosin, Turpentine, Calves Suet, and Goats; Oyl of Chamaemel, Roses, Mastich, Turpentine, Linseed, Vinegar and Wine.

Galen mentions also Aegyptiacum of Andromachus and that of Philogonus.

And the green Plaster of Dinus, and that of Machaeron. And Avicens Plaster of Flax, and that of Minium by Vigo and Massa.

If the Bones be hurt any waies, Oxycroceum is good, as that of Nicolas made of Ammoniacum, Galbanum, Myrrh, Frankincense, Mastich, Colophony, Rosin, Pitch, Wax, Vinegar, Saffron.

Or the Oxycroceum of Leyden that hath besides the former, Litharge, Bole, Allum, Storax, red and li∣quid.

Vigoes Oxycroceum is made of Litharge, Minium, Bole, sealed Earth, Myrrh, Frankincense, Mastich, Rosin, Suet, astringent Oyls and Juyces, Ash, Myrtle, Com∣srey.

Or the Sparadrap of the Chirurgeons for hurt Bones, which is Linnen dipt in Oyl and Wax, Ceruss and Lab∣danum, Litharge and Myrrh, Allum and Camphire, or Sanguis Draconis, Mummy, Minium, Mastich.

Or Natural Balsom, or that which is like it, which is of excellent virtue to heal wounds.

Or Artificial Oyls with Lint or Tents to keep the wounds open called Balsoms by the Chirurgeons.

Oyl of Nut, being greasie wil rather hurt than heal used alone: except it be old, and mixed with Wine and Salt Also Oyl of yolks of Egs is good, or Oyl of Myrrh and Rosins which are good alone.

In great wounds, use Oyls with these drying Glutina∣ters, as Oyl of St. Johns wort, Adders tongue, Moulin, Sanicle, Lemmons, Pauls Bettony, Pyrola, wild Sage, Fruit of Monordia, Olive, Lineseed, Roses omphacine, Myrtles, Mastich boyled and mixed with Turpentine and Wax.

Or make this Balsom of Pouders of Herbs. Take Com∣frey roots, bark of the root of Elm, each three ounces; tops of St. Johns wort and Centaury the less with the flowers, each two handfuls; Self-heal, Bettony, Yarrow, each a handful; red Roses a pugil, Earth-worms ten, Sack four ounces, Tur∣pentine two ounces: let them Infuse hot, or boyl and strain out the Oyl, or still out a Liquor.

Or add Hors-tail, Celondine, leaves of Arbutum and Elm flowers, of Chamaemel and Verbascum, and in Head∣wounds Sage, Rosemary a handful, Nutmeg half an ounce: with more Wine and Turpentine and Oyl: boyl or distill them.

Or: Take flowers of St. Johns wort in Oyl and Wine: put them in the Sun, then in a Horse Dunghill fourteen daies, add Turpentine, Myrrh, Mastich: let them boyl, strain out the Oyl: this is Balsom of St. Johns wort so ex∣cellent in Wounds.

Or take the Ingredients of the first or second Balsom, and mix them with the following, and make an Oyl by boyling or distilling.

Or thus: Take Frankincense, Myrrh, Galbanum or Bdellium, Gum Elemi or Ivy, Myrrh, Aloes poudered, each half an ounce; Oyl a pint, Turpentine two ounces, Aqua vi∣tae an ounce and an half, boyl them gently, and strain off the Oyl, if at the conclusion of boyling, you do add half an ounce of Verdigreese, it wil be green and beter.

Or: Take the pouders above mentioned, and with as much Rosin of Turpentine, distil a Water first, then an Oyl.

Or: Take the pouders aforesaid three ounces, add Mummy, Gum Arabick, Sagapenum, Sarcocol, Sanguis Draconis, O∣popanax, each half an ounce; Labdanum, Benjamin, Storax Calamita, each two drams; Amber six drams, Spike three drams, Storax liquid two drams, Turpentine as much as all: distil them. This Balsom will be better with Verdi∣greese.

Some add Spices, that Balsomes may be good in cold Diseases, and pleasant, as Nutmeg, Cloves, Cinnamon, Galangal, Cubebs, Wood Aloes, Zedoary, which do little for wounds: also Musk, and Ambergreese, others ad Castor and Euphorbium, for cold Causes.

So make a Balsom of Rhubarb, oyl of Roses, or Worms with Frankincense, Mastick, Opoponax, Camphire by boyling and straining. Or Take: old Oyl a pint, Wine half a pint, juice of Daffadil, and Sideritis, each three ounces; Turpentine two ounces, Gum Elemi, Frankincense, Mastick, each an ounce and half; Sanguis Draconis, Aloes, each an ounce; Roots of Comfrey, and Birthwort, each six drams; flow∣ers of St Johnswort, halfe an ounce, boyl them gently, and strain out the oyl.

Or, Take Common Oyl, or of Linsced, eight ounces, Oyl of Bayes two ounces, Oyl of Turpentine an ounce, Oyl of Juniper berries distilled, or of Spike, or Petroleum, half an ounce, Tur∣pentine, two ounces, Colophony, Mastick, each an ounce; Aloes, three drams, burnt Brasse two drams, white Calacanthum, a a dram: Set them hot in a brass Vessel stirring them till they are green, strain it, or boyl it and add Verdigreace three drams, add Oyl of Cloves.

Another Balsome that cures presently, Take Liquid Storax, Myrrh, Sanguis Draconis, Carpobalsome, Gum A∣rabick, Sarcocol, Bdellium, Opopanax, Aloes Hepatick, each a dram; Oyl of Mastick two drams, Venice, Turpentine, as much as all, digest them eight dayes in a hot place, then distill them.

The Chymists Balsamum: Take flowers of Sulphur thrice calcinated, two ounces, Camphire, a dram and half, pouder them, add Oyl of Turpentine, four ounces, distill an Oyl.

Liquid Varnish is added such as Joyners use; A Bal∣some, Take, Oyl of Linseed a pint, Gum of Varnish, Mast∣ich, each an ounce and half; Frankincense half an ounce, Li∣tharge an ounce, Chrystal poudered or burnt Bones, half an ounce, white Calcanthum, three drams, boyl them gently, add Turpentine, oyl of Spike or Petroleum, each half an ounce; and strain it adding Verdigrease two drams, this is our Bal∣some and it is excellent.

Turpentine with Yolks of Egges, and Honey, cures smal Wounds.

Or use Juyces of Herbs, with Honey, Yolks of Egges, and Turpentine, with drying Pouders mentioned.

Or, Take Juice of Roses, Plantane, each two ounces; Vi∣negar an ounce, Oyl of Roses Omphacin, three ounces, Oyl of Yolks of Eggs and Turpentine, each an ounce; boyl them to the Consumption of the Juyces, add Litharge, Ceruse, Tutty, each two drams, Allum, a dram, Omphacium, three drams, and a little Wax.

Or use Juice of Tobacco, with oyl, and Turpentine, Pitch, and wax boyled, this is in great request.

Juice of Nettles and Urine cures wounds wonderfully.

For Head wounds, Take, Juice of Bettony six ounces, Oyl of Roses, Turpentine, Wax, each two ounces, Womans Milk, or Butter, Wine, or Vinegar, each an ounce and half; boyl them to an oyntment, or with Rossin make a Plaster.

Another for the Head, Take Topps of smal Centaury, Leavs of woodbine, dryed Bettony poundered, each two ounces and an half; Steep them in Wine, boyl them, and add Honey two ounces, Milk an ounce, Turpentine and Wax, each six ounces, boyl them till the juices are gone, add Frankin∣cense, Mastick, Gum Arabick or Elemi, each an ounce, and with Turpentine, make a Plaster.

If the Skull be broken, Take Juyce of Vervain, Bettony, Burnet, Periwinkle, Celandine, Smallage, each an ounce; Turpentine, four ounces, wax two ounces, boyl them til the Juyces be consumed; add Comfrey roots, and round Birth∣wort,

each half an ounce, Orris roots, two drams, Sarcocol, Myrrh, Mumy, Amber, each a dram and half, make a Plaster,

Or Take, Honey of Roses two parts, Oyl of Roses or of Eggs, one part, Turpentine half a part, mix and dip a Scarlet Silk therein, and put it into the Fracture, the Chymists use Oyl of Turpentine, and Oyl of Myrrh.

Some use the inward bark of the Tile Tree, to roul the Wound, or Paper wet in Wine.

Or Sponge.

Or Spiders Webs to glew smal Wounds, and stanch Bood.

Or Puffoyst which drieth, and glutinateth.

Or boyl, or steep a Rowler in Allum water.

Or Bruise Herbs with Meal.

Or thus, Take, Comfrey roots and Alkanet, Celandine, Centaury, Acrons, beat them with Oyl of Roses, and Grease.

Fomentatations are made or Injections of Comfrey, Bugle, Selfeheal, or Saracens consound, Rock Comfrey, Sideritis, St Johns-wort, Pyrola, Adders tongue, Crow∣foot, Yarrow, Achillea, Mousear, Dogs tongue, Burnet, Agrimony, Horstaile, Vervain, Strawberry leaves, Pauls Bettony, Hedg-Hyssop, Scordium, Woad, five leaved Grass, Centaury the less, Eupatorium, Lysimachia, Ground∣pine, great Celandine, Tobacco, also of Birthwort, Tor∣mentile, Snake-weed, Smyrnus, Lycopsis, Centaury the great, Poterium, Daffadil roots, bark of Elme, Tile Tree, Pine; Leaves of Cypress, Myrtles, Oaks, Elm, Medlars, Cornil, pear tree, Sumach, Cistus, Helianthemum, Ver∣bascum, Shepherds purse, Plantane, Lonchitis, Moon∣wort, Vitex, Polyenemus, wild Coleworts, Anagallis, Solomans seals, Polygonum, Goosgrass, Clymenus, Ar∣gemone, great white Bottles, Herb Trinity, Balsam, Cony∣za, Erigerus, Goats beard, Bettony, Sage, Polymontane, Rosemary, and Roses, Flowers of Labrusca, Myrtle seeds, Juniper Berries, Acrons, Dates. Boyl them in Water or Wine, adding Vinegar, and drying Pouders and Allum.

Or wash Wounds with the distilled water of them.

Or distill this, Take, Juice of Plantane, Agrimony, St Iohns-wort, twelve ounces, white Wine, three ounces, Allum, three ounces, Mastich, Frankincense, each half an ounce, Orpi∣ment a dram, whites of two Egges, Destill a water.

Or you may still a water with a strong Fire out of pou∣der of Bricks, and Wax washed often in Wine.

Some use the water that is in the Leaves of Elme.

You may make fine Pouders with Allum, to sprinkle upon Wounds of the Ingredients, for the Plaster.

Or for the Head, especially if the Skul be broken, of Orris, Birthwort, Flower of Orobus, and Frankincense, Myrrh, and Sarcocol, or Aloes and Sanguis Draconis, or of bark of Pitch tree, and of All-heal roots, and Capers, and Cypress roots, and when there are scales of Bones, in the wound, use scales of Brass, Pumice stone, and Crocus Martis in pouder, and for the Head, grains of Kermes, Saunders, Cypress nuts and Myrtles, and when you will dry more, Tutty and Antimony.

If the Brain appear, Sprinkle Aloes alone.

Mans Blood, or Goats dryed, is a good Pouder to glu∣tinate wounds.

Or the red Liquor of the Blood-stone, rubbed upon a whet-stone, or the white Liquor of the Galactitis dryed.

There are also Potions to cure wounds, called Vulnera∣ry, good not only when they peirce to the Stomach, and parts whither they can reach, but for wounds in the Breast, and other parts; and some say these Potions are of that sorce that they wil sweat out at the wound, and they wil be under the Skin, til it is opened to let them out, if they be given to men not wounded, this mistake came from some Humor, that they saw like the Potion about the Wound, but experience teacheth us, that they are of great force to heal wounds, but how we doubt. but it is pro∣bable they do it by a drying quality, which though it comes more easily to inward wounds, may come also to outward.

These Decoctions are made of experienced Plants, boyled in white Wine, and taken Morning and Evening, or as much of the Pouder as you can take up with three fingers, in white Wine boyled to the third or fourth part, or in Ale, Honey is usually added, and they may be made into Syrup.

The Decoction of Pyrola alone is the best, or with Sa∣nicle, or Saracons consound, or Ladies-mantle.

Or of wild Angelica in Wine used inwardly and out∣wardly, which is good against Ulcers.

Or: Take Saracens consound, Sanicle, Mugwort and Bur∣net: boyl them.

Or Saracens consound Beets, wild Angelica stalks Sanicle, Ladies-mantle, Pyrola.

Or: Take Comfrey, Tormentil and Madder roots, Pyrola, Ladies-mantle, Srawberry leaves, Agrimony, Yarrow, Hors∣tail, Dogs-tongue, Avens, Bettony, Periwinckle, Burnet, Mous-ear, Golden-rod: boyl them.

Or add to them Consolida the less, Adders-tongue, Knot-grass, Solomons-seal, Herb-trinity, Birthwort, Snakeweed, white Dittany, roots of Costus, Sun flower, Valerian, Sowbread, Balsamina, Lungwort, wild Tanfie, Solsequium, Bears-ear, Moonwort, Sion Craterae or wild Parsley, Moutain-sage, Nep, Hysop, Pennyroyal, the les∣ser Centaury and Gentian, some boyl Cray-fish there∣with.

Or: Take Pyrola, Saracens eonsound, Beets, wild An∣gelica, Carduus, Agrimony, Bettony, sprigs of Savin: take a spoonful of these in Pouder, boyl it in Wine, drink two ounces thrice a day fasting. this wil drive away any thing out of a Wound, and cures Ulcers.

This is approved by the Italians. Take Comfrey, Plan∣tane roots, Dove foot, Dogs-tongue, each a handful; Burnet, Mous-ear, Avens, red Coleworts, Agrimony, each half a handful: boyl them in red Wine, add Honey, strain and drink thereof every morning.

Or thus: Take red Coleworts, Madder, Herb Robert, Plantane, Hemp, Southernwood, Tansie, Rocket seed, Smal∣lage, Parsley and Fennel seed: bruise and cut them: boyl them in Wine, add Honey; give it morning and even∣ing.

Another: Take the stalks of red Mugwort, leaves of white Daisies, Sanicle, Pyrola, Ladies-mantle, Bettony, Sage, La∣vender, Mummy half an ounce: boyl them, some add Castor with great success.

A ra••e secret experienced in Gun-shot. Take Bay∣berries, roots of round Birthwort, each a dram; Cray-fish drieed in an Oven a dram and an half, Self-heal dried half an ounce: make a Pouder, boyl it in three pints of white Wine, to the consumption of one pint, drink an ounce thrice a day, and wash or inject into the Wound.

Another against Gun-shot when the bones are broken: Take Comfrey roots an ounce and an half, Birthwort an ounce, Sowbread and Serpentaria roots, each half an ounce; Selfheal and Herb Robert, each a handful; Savin half a handful, Mummy two drams, Crabs Eyes half an ounce, Galangal two drams: boyl them in white Wine.

In Head-wounds use the the Decoction of Bettony, Lil∣ly of the Valleys, Pauls Bettony, Celandine, Persicaria, Periwinkle, Centaury the less, Nutmeg, Mace and Ga∣langal.

For wounds in the Breast, boyl five-leav'd Grass, Avens, Comfrey, Madder, Pauls Bettony, Burnet, Mugwort, Pel∣litory of the wall, Hemp, Cressio, red Coleworts, Cha∣maemel flowers, Violets, purple Aramanthus or Marjoram, Raisons.

In wounds of the Stomach, give things to stop blood and heal, as Bole, Comfrey, Galangal in red Wine.

In Wounds of the Intestines, give Hors-tail roots and all, and Ground Ivy, boyl them in Water according to Dioscorides.

Mathiolus gives Heifers dung, and the hair under the belly of an Hare boyled with Honey the quantity of a Bean, often.

You may give the Juyces of Herbs mentioned, or steep them in Wine or Water, as Comfrey roots and the like, adding Honey.

Or stamp red Coleworts and Hemp in Wine and drink the straining.

Stilled Waters are not so strong but they do something especially a draught of Water of St. Johns wort, or Sara∣cens consound, morning and evening.

Or six ounces of the water of Horf-tail or Sowbread with Sugar for wounds in the Intestines according to Ma∣thiolus.

You may put pouders into the Decoctions mentioned, as of Hedg-hysop a dram, Crabs Eyes half an ounce, Spermacaeti six drams, Nux Vomiea a dram and an half, with Zedoary Macs and Galangal.

In Breast wounds give pouder of Egshels, and Crabs Eyes with Poppy water.

When the Entrals are wounded, give a spoonful of pou∣der of Momordica.

You may give also every morning half a dram of these Plants conferved with Honey.

Or Oyl of Juniper in Drink to cure inward wounds.

Or Oyl of Crocus Martis and Essence of Coral, each a scruple; with water of Frog-spawn is given by Quercetan to stanch inward bleeding.

This red Oynrment is excellent to be drunk in internal wounds. Take Sanicle, Pyrola, Agrimony, Horehound, each two handfuls; Tormentil roots two ounces, Comfrey roots, Castor, each an ounce; Alkanet roots half a pound, fresh Butter six pound, red Wine twenty two ounces: boyl them ac∣cording to Art, and add Sperma caeti two ounces: make an Oyntment.

Here we may speak of Drinks against Bruises, by Stroaks or Falls, which are to dissolve congealed blood, and to begin at the first, when there is a wound, or only a tumor from the Contusion, or a pain without any appearance, as we shewed in Tumors and Contusions. They are made of the following ingredients.

Ashes of Tile tree with Mummy, or mummy alone.

Or: Take Mummy two drams, Rheubarb a dram and an half, or Monks Rheubarb or Centaury rinds, of citrine Moro∣balans, Madder roots an ounce: make a Pouder, give two drams with the Broth of a black Chicken boyled with the Feathers on after, it is gutted.

When we suspect clotted Blood to be about the mesara∣icks, Stomach or Guts, then we give a dram of the Pou∣or four scruples with Cassia, Diaprunis solutive an ounce, some add Agarick.

In fear of a Fracture and Bleeding to five drams of this we put a dram of Bole, Sanguis Draconis or sealed Earth, with half a dram of Sperma caeti. or pouder of Snake∣weed, Tormentil, flowers of St. Johns wort, great Cyanus or White-bottle, Crabs Eyes a dram, with a Decoction of Wine, and Nutmeg, Fennel seed and Sugar.

Decoctions also of Comfrey roots, Birthwort, Madder, Vincetox, Snakeweed, Tormentil, Baccharus or Ladies-Glove.

Or Yarrow, Self-heal, Sanicle, Bears-ear, Cyamus ma∣jor or White-bottles, Mousear, Shepheards-rod, wild Tan∣sie, Ladies-mantle, Ophris, Moonwort, Plantane.

The pouder of Vinca pervinca or Periwincle and Mug∣wort are approved with Angelica and Coleworts if a Rib be broken.

Some boyl wound herbs in fresh Butter and a little Wine, and give a dram of it strained, in hot Broath or Ale, and anoynt the part pained with the same.

And Waters of Plantane, Sowbread, Comfrey and Bet∣tony.

Discorides gives a dram of the Juyce of Gentian.

A small wound with a little orifice is a puncture, and must be cured as a Wound, if it be only in the skin and flesh it is less difficult, but if it be in the Nervs or Membranes, or any nerv∣ous part very sensible, it is worse, be∣cause it easily causeth Convulsion, and hurt of motion. If a Nerve be pricked it is seldom because it is little and round and gives way, except the Puncture be in the back parts, where the Nervs are larger, as in the Arms, and Leggs, therefore Chyrurgeons say that wounds behind are harder to be cured then before: But if a Puncture be in the great Muscles, or the Heads thereof, Punctures may be oftner then in the Nervs alone, but these are cal∣led Punctures of Nervs also. When Punctures reach into the Belly or Breast, they are dangerous or deadly, if they hurt the Entrails as we shewed in large wounds, and not only so, but by reason of the blood falling into the Cavi∣ites of the body, and congeals and putrisies and therefore the Chyrurgeons say it is an evill Signe to bleed inward∣ly.

For Cure you must use Evacuations, and Revulsions, by bleeding, if need be as in large vvounds, and keep the body clean by a good Diet.

The Method of curing a Puncture, is if any thing stick there to take it carefully away presently, or by degrees, or to draw it out by applications, and if they be deep in, they will not come forth til there is suppuration, and then they will come forth with the matter. Then you must not close the Orifice, as in large wounds, but rather en∣large it, and keep it open, least the blood that flows thith∣er being in a streight place, should cause Inflammation, or the moysture or Excrements reteined, should hinder the Cure, and cause Accidents, and that whatsoever remains, may come forth more easily: Thirdly you must consoli∣date with driers that consume the moist humors, and so help nature, which wil as I shewed cure all wounds alone, if Impediments be removed; these are called Glutmaters, neither need you use such strait Ligatures as in large wounds, let the Medicines be Emplastick and Unctious, to keep open the Orifice, til it be cured; For if they be bad dry and binding, they would too soon close the Orifice, and hinder the cure: And with these Remedies, we may mix things that draw things out, they are as followeth,

We pul out things by Mannual operation, and Instru∣ments, as Thorns and Darts, and the broken peices that stick in the body, by pricking the skin and forcing them out with some of the flesh, and then suck the wound: by this means the Vulgar cure all small ordinary Punctures.

And if the things stick fast and deep, and cause great pain and fear of Inflamation, and other mischeif, we cut the Orifice larger.

If the wound will endure it without pain, keep the O∣rifice open with a small Tent armed with Medicines.

Punctures are commonly cured with Plasters alone, which Mollifie the swollen Lipps, and Orifice, and dry it by degrees, and keep it open til it fall away of it selfe, after the wound is healed: These plasters must not dry so much as in great and foul wounds, but keep their strength and not be so often changed, but one may serve many dayes, and I have known that same plaster to cure a second wound, and if the Puncture pass through the member, a Plaster must be before and behind.

There are Emplasters a purpose for Punctures which dry and draw out things that stick in them, the Germans call them stitch plasters. we shall tell you the best and easiest way to be made, Take, Frankincense, Mastick, Myrrh, Colophony, Mummy, each an ounce, Camphire two drams, Saffron a dram, Thymalus grease an ounce, Wax four ounces, Pitch an ounce, melt the three last, and add the rest, and make a Plaster.

Or, Take Litharge a pound, Cadmia four ounces, Oyl Olive, a pint, Oyl of Bayes four ounces, boyl them to a thickness add Gum Galbanum, Ammoniak and Bdellium, each two ounces boyled in Vinegar til it be consumed, Wax and Tur∣pentine, each half a pound; fat of the fish Thymalus an ounce: stir them hot, and add by degrees Frankincense, Mastich, Myrrh, each an ounce; make a Plaster.

Or: Take Wax, Pitch, Rosin, Turpentine, Oyl, each four ounces; Oyl of Bayes or worms or Eggs, fat of Thymalus, each

an ounce and an half; melt them, and while they are hot, add Galbanum and Opopanax dissolved in Aqua vitae, pouder of Colophony, Bitumen, Mummy, Mastick, Frankin∣cense, Myrrh, each an ounce; Litharge, Ceruss, each six drams; Lapis Calaminaris, Load-stone, Blood-stone, Coral or mother of pearl, Bole or sealed Earth, Chalcanthum, Cam∣phire, each half an ounce; roots of Birthwort, Comfrey and pouder of Earthworms, each two drams; Saffron a dram, moisten them with fat of Thymalus: make a Plaster.

Another to draw out splinters that are fixed: Take Li∣tharge Sulphur each an ounce; Minium and scales of Brass, each six drams; Allum, Chalcitis, half an ounce; Load-stone, red Coral, each two drams; sealed Earth a dram and an half, roots of Birthwort, Dragons, Sowbread, Juniper berries and Nettle seed, each a dram; Galbanum dislolved in Vine∣gar an ounce, Amber six drams, Frankincense, mastich, myrrh, mummy, Opopanax, each half an ounce; Propolis an ounce and an half: with Turpentine, Pitch, and old wax make a Plaster, if you add Oyl of Turpentine, Myrrh, Sulphur, Am∣ber, it wil be better.

The Plaster of Andromachus draws out things, as A∣vicen with other things hath the head of a Lizard, milk of the Mulberry tree, and Berries found in the Palm∣tree.

Half an ounce of Verdigreese makes these Plasters stronger, or two drams of Oyl of Juniper, Spike, or Cloves.

The black Plaster for the same is made of Olibanum, Myrrh, Mummy, Sanguis Draconis, Corals, Load-stone, Ceruss, Roman and white Vitriol, Earth-worms, Cam∣phire, Oyl of Roses and of Eggs, of Spike, Juniper, grease of a Hen or Thymalus, Colophony, Turpentine, Pitch, Wax.

Against Punctures in the Nerves and Nervous parts at first: Take Bean flower or of Lentils, pouder of Althaea roots each three ounces; Daffodils, two or three roots, Lilly one root, boyl them in Wine and stamp them with Turpentine dissol∣ved with the Yolk of an Eg half an ounce, Honey two drams, Saffron half a dram, Oyl of St. Johns wort and wax, make a Plaster.

Or: Take St. Johns wort and Centaury the less, each two handfuls; Bettony, Rosemary, Self-heal, Plantane, mous-ear, each a handful; Chamaemel and Dil flowers, each a pugil; Daffodil, Comfrey and madder roots, each an ounce: slice them, Earthworms washt in Wine twenty, Oyl of Sack, each a pint and an half: boyl them, strain off the Oyl, add three ounces of Deers, Goats, or Sheeps Suet, Turpentine three ounces, mastich two ounces, Gum Ammoniack, Galbanum, Sagapenum dissolved in Aqua vitae, each an ounce; Litharge an ounce and an half, with wax make an Oyntment, or with Pitch an Emplaster.

Or use Guido's Plaster of Worms or Diarrhaea.

Or Oyls and Punctures of the Nerves.

If the pain be great, pour in hot sallet Oyl, or of Cha∣maemel, Dil, Rue.

Or drop or lay on with a pledget Oyl of St. Jhons wort, Turpentine, Worms, Mastich or Savin, or if the pain be great, Oyl of yolks of Eggs, or the fruit of Momordica.

Or Oyl of Lovage with Grease of a Lyon and Wax makes a rare Oyntment.

Or Oyl with Turpentine, Rosin, Opopanax, Sagape∣num, Euphorbium or Sulphur vivum dissolved in it.

Or other Balsoms mentioned in Wounds.

Or apply Turpentine with the yolk of an Egg and Saf∣fron.

Or Leaves of Groundsil, with Frankincense, according to Dioscorides and leaves of the lesser Dracunculus with Coutchineel.

When the puncture is by a Thorn or Needle, make a Pultis of Hemp leaves with the white of an Egg and Vi∣negar.

To draw things fastned in a puncture, use the Plaster of Garlick by Aetius made of Garlick, Niter, Pitch, marrow of a Deer, Wax and Oyl.

Or Leaven and Propolis with Honey and wax.

Or Snails taken out of their shels, and Earth-worms bruised or boyled in wine, and mixed with meal.

Ordinary Flies bruised and applied draw out splin∣ters.

When a Thorn is drawn out, wash with the Decoction of red Pease, or with old white Wine when the vein is pricked.

Or apply pouder of Crabs Eyes, Harts-horn and Earth∣worms, with Honey and Turpentine.

Or give the Wound-drink mentioned, for they work so strongly that they wil not only expel from inward but outward parts.

If a puncture suppurate, cure it as an Ulcer.

If there be Inflammation, cure it as a wound with In∣flammation. If a Convulsion or Palsie, or Contraction follow, cure it as is shewed in them.

Wounds or Punctures poysoned from a Sword, weapon, Dart, or Bullet poy∣soned with evil juices, or otherwise: or from biting of Serpents, weasels, mad Dogs, of which in Hydrophobia or fear of water, or from Scorpions, Spiders, are according to the Venome better or worse: As when it is from a Scorpion, it is most dangerous, or when the wound is great which cause great Accidents, and leave stubborn Ulcers, some have only Heat, and a little Pain, and are not so bad except that cause inflammation, and so a stubborn Ulcer, such come from our Snakes and Spiders, which are not so dangerous as these from Vipers and Pha∣langies; And the stinging of Bees is such, in all which, though the Hurt be small, the pain is great.

If the Venome be great you must labour to draw it out, and then cure the wound; Thus.

Give Antidotes suddainly, to resist poyson, and proper, as Treacle, Mithridate, Antidote of Esdras: Also that of Skinkey, Bloods, Earth of Lemnos, mentioned by Ga∣len. The Electuary of Asa by Mesue, and others mentio∣ned by Dioscorides and Nicander.

Or that of Mathiolus, and that so much comended made of Laurel called the Saxon Antidote, and others mentioned in the Plague and in Madness. And in a pois∣oned wound, if you use Bole, earth of Lemnos, and Mummy, they both resist Poyson, and heal.

Or this Decoction that heals and tesists poyson, made of Roots of swallow wort, Valerian, Tormentil, wild Angelica steept in Vinegar, and Leavs of Scabious, Net∣tles, small Valerian, Flowers of Conval Lillies, and Per∣wincle; boyled in wine.

Or Juice of Dittany, Scorzonera, and Gentian.

Some say that Cocks or Hens dung boyled, expels poy∣son.

That rare Oyl of Scorpions of Mathiolus to anoynt the pulses and Arteries, resists all poysons as he saith.

Divers things are applied outward to draw forth poy∣son, as we shewed in pestilent Carbuncles, and when we spake of the biting of mad Dogs, and against stinging of Scorpions and Spiders, Burning, Cutting, and Cupping are good.

And things applied that resist Venom.

As this plaster. Take Pigeon or Hens dung an ounce, pouder of Dittany two drams, Niter a dram, with Hares grease Oyl of bitter Almonds, and VVax make a Plaster.

Or this: Take juyce of Scaboius, Rue, Onyons roasted, each two ounces; juyce of Anagallis with the purple Flower, Sowbread, each two drams; great Spurge seeds a dram, Galba∣num dissolved in Vinegar six drams, Oyl of Amber, Sulphur, each half an ounce; Oyl of Saffron a scruple: with Treacle, Mithridate and Turpentine make a Plaster.

Galen mentions divers plasters for venemous wounds and punctures called Icosij, their Ingredients are to cure wounds.

But this plaster called Diadictamnum is more proper to draw out splints and poyson, and so is Ʋnguentum Mace∣donium.

You may find in Dioscorides and Nicander specifical me∣dicines against particular Venoms, as a bruised Scorpion or the Oyl thereof against the sting of a Scorpion. of bi∣ting of mad Dogs we have spoken.

In other Bites or stingings which cause burning rather than, Venom with tumor and dolour, you must use things accordingly. for stinging of Bees, use Potters Earth and herbs that abate tumor mentioned in phlegmon, and things mentioned in Burnings are good against stinging.

For Biting of Fleas and Gnats they cause but a little itching, and a spot and small tumor, therefore we shall o∣mit them.

In wounds with Saws or rugged wea∣pons the torn flesh must be cut away pre∣sently or taken away with an actuall or potential Cautery, and the wounds made even and cured as others.

If an Ulcer come frm a wound or an Im∣posthume which we call sordid, whether it be plain, hollow or sinewous, and not covered over, or putrid, lousie, or that sweats out water, or follows a paronychia or Felon; or comes of foul Juyce and nou∣rished therewith which is eating, or sprea∣ding, or malignant, as in the French pox and Elephantiasis, they must be cured alike because in ma∣ny things they agree. afterward we shal shew the cure of Ulcers that have a Callus or covering, or flesh, or preterna∣tural tumor.

We shewed the cure of Ulcers with Cancer, Carbuncle, Ring-worm and Scabs in the Cure of Tumors and pustles.

Those Ulcers which come from wounds or Imposthumes the less hollow they are the sooner they are cured. Foul & lousie Ulcers are hardest especially in Nervous parts that gleet water, because they make the joynts unmovable or Gangraeene, or the Fellon-ulcer that eats off the Joynts of the Fingers when they are nourished with evil Jnyce, they are worst; as Eating, corroding or spreading Ulcers, these last long, and are somtimes incurable, especially if they be in a part depending, as in the Foot so that the hu∣mor descends continually to them, and when they are nou∣rished with a vein adjoyning, they either must not be cu∣red, lest the humor being stopt cause worse accidents, or cannot. And such as take off the skin, as rotten bark of a tree, are dangerous by reason of the Bones or Gristles which they foul, as in the Nose and Ears which destroy the parts. Also malignant Ulcers in Womens privities or Mens yards are long a curing, and somtimes consume the part. They which from the French pox are not cured til the Pox is cured, Ulcers in Elephantiasis continue, in∣crease, and are desperate, as the Disease is.

For Cure of all these you must thus proceed, first with general helps, as Evacuations when the body is full or foul, by bleeding or purging. then you must look at the Cause, whether it be a salt, cholerick, or waterish humor, and give things particular for that. as particular Purges often in stubborn Ulcers, as in the Scab and other Diseases from evil juyce. sweating is good to through out the hu∣mors, and cures the French pox and the Ulcers also. And a spare Diet as shal be shewed in the Pox. If a Vein di∣lated called Varix do nourish an Ulcer it must be opened to bleed. or the Vein cut off which is more necessary, as we shal shew. In all sorts of Ulcers keep a good Diet and the body, clean that it may cure the better.

Topicks are to be used to remove impediments, for Na∣ture alone must cure as in other excoriations and wounds. these Impediments are either moisture or filthy humors, these removed, Nature nourisheth the part and heals it up. some medicines that remove Impediments are Clensers or Driers up of humors more or less, the gentle Driers breed flesh, the strongest make an Escar. we shal speak first of them that breed flesh, next of them that make the skin grow.

Medicines that breed flesh are Clensers and Driers that purge the matter that fouls the Ulcers or eats it a∣way.

The next are dryers, which suck up the moysture which remains in Ulcers after they are cleansed, these put it into a condition fit to be cured, and breed flesh, these are cal∣led breeders of flesh, as if they did it, as we shewed in wounds; for the Impediments removed, Nature makes flesh of the same Nourishment, which fils up the Ulcer.

Others are stronger dryers, which destroy the evil Hu∣mors that corrupt the Ulcers, and make them spread; these are seldome used alone, but with clensers, that also kill Wormes if there be any, so that we shal not mention a private Cure for Wormes.

To these Cleansers we add Dryers, which are so mode∣rate that they take away that Gleeting which remains in Ulcers, after they are cleansed, and make it fit to produce new flesh. these are called incarnatives, as if they did of their own force breed it, when Nature did it by being freed from the Impediment of Moysture, and making a Glew of the Nourishment of the part which is hurt in a Wound, and flesh in a hollow Ulcer, that grows to the sound part and so fills it up by degrees, and unites that which was divided. These Incarnatives must not dry so much as to dry up the Nourishment with the moysture, that is the Impediment, as when they are to consume a foul Humor, or make a Scarr, nor must they clense nor bind as in wounds, for Ulcers must be filled up with flesh, and not united as wounds, but of some that cleanse not much nor bind but dry, Incarnatives may be compounded and one and the same Medicine may cleanse and heal, more or less, as we shall shew.

Unguents or plaisters which are applyed or put into Ul∣cers cleanse or dry, strongly or moderately, and are as followeth.

The oyntment of the five Meals is the chief cleanser for Ulcers, that is of Lupines, Orobus, Beans, Wheat, Bar∣ley, with Honey, or Sugar, and Vinegar, if you will clense more.

Or this of Smallage, Take Juice of Smallage one part, Honey of Roses two or three parts, with Turpentine dissolved in the Yolks of Eggs: make an Oyntment.

Or boyl the Juice with Honey and Beanflower, to an Oyntment.

Of Milky Juyces, as of Endive, Succory, Dandelion, Sow∣thistle, with Juice of Smallage, Beets, Plantane, Roses, Pellitory, Avens, you may also make cleansing Oynt∣ments.

Or this of bitter Juyces, as Horehound, Wormwood, Centaury, or sharp as Arsmart, Celandiue, Orris, Onyons, or Squills, with as much Honey of Squills, Turpentine, and Meal.

To these three you may add Myrrh and Frankincense, to cleanse more, and when it begins, to be clean; Sarco∣ocol, or when you will cleanse more, Allum, or Calcan∣thum, or burnt Virriol.

Or of the Juyces mentioned, you may make Oynt∣ments with Oyl as much, with Honey and Vinegar, boyling them with other Clensers, til the Juices are con∣sumed, and adding Pouder of Gentian, Birthwort, Myrrh.

Aloes with Beasts Gall, and Honey, is a great Clenser in corrupt Ulcers and lowsie.

You may make clensing Oyntments of Plants thus: Take Radishes, Onyons, each an ounce and an half; Gentian and the green bark of Dwarf-Elder, each an ounce; bark of Capars and Hermodacts, each half an ounce; Wormwood, Horehound, Celandine, Smallage, each a handful; scape and bruise them, boyl them in white Wine then bruise them a∣gain and boyl them in a pound of Butter or Oyl with the fourth part Honey to an Oyntment.

Or: Take green Orris roots, Colewort leaves and Rue: bruise them, add Faemigreek meal, Salt, and Honey, and Vinegar.

Or boyl Colewort leaves with Bean flowrs for Ulcers in

the Breasts, or apply the roots of Asclepias or Swallow∣wort, or Clensers bruised.

Or Herb Robert roots and all, in pouder boyled in Wine and Oyl to a Cataplasm is good in watery Ulcers. or Rose-cake, or Hors-dung.

Of the Astringent pouders following and Honey you make Oyntments with Vinegar and Oyl, or wax and Oyl of Roses.

Or when you wil clense more: Take roots of, Orris, Briony, Sowbread, Dragons, and use them as before.

Or use Oyntment of Agrippa made of Briony, wild Cowcumbers, Squill, Orris, Fern, Dwarf-Elder.

Or this: Take the pouder of the roots mentioned half an ounce, meal of Lupins, Frankincnese, Aloes, Myrrh, each a dram and an half; Oyl omphacine two drams, Honey of Squils an ounce, Oyl of Mastich an ounce and an half, Oyl of Turpen∣tine half an ounce: with Wax make an Oyntment, add to make it stronger, Tartar and Verdigreese.

Or thus: Take Briony roots three drams, Cuckowpint or Dragon roots a dram and an half, Galls, Savine or Pine bark burnt, a dram, Verdigrease half a dram, with Honey make an Oyntment.

Or this green plaster. Take Verdigreese three drams Myrrh, Frankincense, each half an ounce; Wax, Rosin, Tur∣pentine, each four drams; make a Plaster, or with Oyl or Suet an Oyntment.

Or boyl Tartar with Honey.

Or Verdigrease with Honey and Vinegar. or use Ae∣gyptiacum which is best in filthy Ulcers.

Or Oyl of Antimony to clense, which because it cures wounds almost incurable, is called the Wound-oyl, it is thus made. Take Aqua vitae rectified three or four ounces, Glass of Antimony, Mastich, Frankincense, Aloes, Myrrh, each an ounce: pouder them and let them stand in a warm place in a close vessel, til they putrifie them, distill them by an A∣lembick increasing the fire by degrees. first you wil have a stinking spirit, then a sweet, keep them close stopt.

Or mix burnt Sal Armoniack with Tartar, Verdigreese and Honey.

There are Oyntments called Incarnatives which heal Ul∣cers when they are clensed, Sarcocol and Honey is the chief, to produce flesh by drying.

Or you may make five sorts of Oyntments of the five incarnative pouders mentioned, and of other greater Dri∣ers, with Honey of Roses and Turpentine, or Oyl of Ma∣stich, Myrtles or Roses, with wax and Rosin.

To these you may add Colophony, Pitch, Bitumen and Opopanax as much as any of the rest.

Or you may mix the flesh of Snails with the second and sixth pouder, to cloath the bare Bones with flesh again.

Or use that of Nicodemus by Mesue it is made of the first and second pouder of Aloes, Myrrh, Sarcocol, and Honey and Wine, or the great Basilicon of Mesue; made of Fran∣kincense, Myrrh, Pitch, Turpentine, Rosin, Wax. That called Aureum of Mesue is so called made with Colopho∣ny and Saffron, and that called Unguentum Fuscum of Ni∣colas is like them, which hath Galbanum and Sagapenum, and the Tripharmacum of Mesue, and Tetrapharmacum of Galen with Myrrh, Sarcocol, and Orris added, or you may use Ceroneum made of many of the same ingredients and of Litharge and Allum.

You may use other Plasters and Oyntments which glu∣tinate wounds by drying, choosing the least astringent or those that hinder fluxes of humors which make the Ulcers ill habited.

As, Take Galls, Pomegranate flowers, each half an ounce; Frankincense, Aloes, each two drams with Honey.

If Ulcers are wel clensed you may cure them with Plants.

Thus: Take Daffodil and Comfrey roots, each two ounces; Vervain, Burnet, Mous-ear, St. Johns wort, and small Cen∣taury, each a handful: or other Wound-herbs, boyl them in Wine; then take of the thinnest part after they are well stampt six ounces: add Honey and Turpentine, each two ounces; of the first, second or third Pouder an ounce and half; make an Oyntment.

Or thus: Take Burnet, Bettony, Vervain, each a hand∣ful; cut and boyl them in Wine to the consumption of two parts, strain it, add Rosin half an ounce, Goats suet two drams, Wax five ounces, boyl them thick. when they are cold, ad pouder of Mastich two ounces and an half, Aloes half an ounce: make a Plaster.

Or thus: Take juyce of Agrimony Vervain, Plantane and Daffodil roots four ounces, Wine two ounces, Oyl of Ma∣stich two ounces, Oyl of Roses an ounce, Honey an ounce and an half, Turpentins an ounce: boyl them a little, add the se∣cond or third Incarnative pouder half an ounce, Gum Elemi a dram: make an Oyntment.

There are others that clense and dry more or less, which alone cure not only small, but foul and malignant Ulcers. As,

These following dry more than clense. the gentlest is made of Litharge and Ceruss with Oyl of Roses or Myr∣tles, stird in a Leaden Mortar, with a little Camphire and Gum Traganth infused, if there be pain.

Or of Litharge a pound, Oyl and Vinegar two pints boyled to a Plaster, or an Oyntment, this is cal'd Galen's Oxeleum. If you take Wine instead of Vinegar, it is called Oinelaeum, if Water, Hydreleum.

This dries more. Take Litharge and Oyl, each a pound; Cadmia an ounce: boyl them, add Gum Ammoniack and Bdellium, each an ounce; Galbanum and Opopanax, each half an ounce; dissolve in Vinegar, Wax half a pound at last, add roots of Comphrey, round Birthwort, Frankincense, Mastich, Myrrh, each an ounce: make a Plaster.

Or: Take Litharge an ounce and an half: boyl them til they are a little black, add Galbanum, Ammoniack, Bdel∣lium, Opopanax dissolved in Vinegar, each half an ounce; Colophony Myrrh, Mastich, Erankincense, each two drams; Tartar a dram, with Wax make a Plaster.

Or use the Plaster of Lapis Calaminaris made of Cad∣mia, Litharge, Tutty, Ceruss, Frankincense, Mastich, Myrrh, Camphire, Turpentine, Suet.

Or the Oyntment called Ʋnguentum Rubrum, thus: Take red Lead three drams, Litharge two drams, Ceruss a dram and an half, of both Cadmias, each a dram; Oyl of Roses three ounces, Turpentine half an ounce, Camphire a scruple.

Another of Dogs Dung: Take white Dogs dung two oun∣ces, Litharge, Ceruss each an ounce; Bole six drams, Fran∣kincense, Mastich, each two drams; Bean meal an ounce, with Honey, Goats Suet and Vinegar make a Plaster.

Or: Take Tutty prepared two drams, Litharge, burnt Lead, Blood-stone, each a dram; Aloes a dram and an half, Sanguis Draconis, Sarcocol, Galbanum, each a dram; with Oyl of Roses and Wax make an Oyntment.

Or: Take Litharge, Cadmia, or Tutty, Ceruss, burnt and washt Lead or Antimony, each a dram; Pumice stone two drams, Sarcocol, Myrrh, Colophony, each three drams: with Honey or Suet make an Oyntment.

Or the Oyntment of Lead made of burnt Lead, Anti∣mony, Litharge, Ceruss, Oyl of Roses; is good in malig∣nant Ulcers.

For a venemous Fellon: Take Antimony a dram, burnt Lead, and washed Ceruss, each half a dram; Tutty prepared half an ounce, Oyl of Mastich, and Omphacine, each two oun∣ces; white Wax and Rosin, each an ounce: make a soft Pla∣ster.

These Plasters wil dry more with two drams of burnt Brass, Verdigreese a dram, or burnt Vitriol.

These clense more than dry. Take Litharge boyled in Vinegar two ounces, burnt Brass a dram, Bole two drams, Ro∣sin, Wax, each two ounces; with Hogs grease four ounces, make an Oyntment.

Or: Take Oyl of Roses an ounce and an half, Oyl Ompha∣cine half an ounce, Cadmia and Tutty, each a dram and half; rust of Brass and Vitriol, each a dram; with Rosin.

Or: Take Cadmia, Litharge, Ceruss, Mastich, Frankin∣cense, mother of Pearl, Coral, Vitriol, each alike; to four oun∣ces, add five ounces of Wax, Colophony, or Turpentine four ounces: make a Plaster.

Or: Take Oyl of Antimony, Wax, Myrrh, digest them in Balneo fifteen daies, it is a good Balsom against malignant and perverse Ulcers.

A Brain-drying Oyntment. Take Oyl, May-butter, Deers suet, marrow of Ox bones, Turpentine, each two ounces; Litharge, Cadmia, each an ounce and half; Antimony, burnt Lead and burnt Brass, each an ounce; Load-stone, Mastich, Frankincense, Myrrh, each three drams; pouder of Earth∣worms two drams, or other drying pouder, add wax if need be.

Or: Take of the pouders mentioned a dram, Pomgranate peels, flowers of Labrusca, Fennel seed, Aloes, Myrrh, Aca∣cia, each a half dram; Bole, Cadmia, burnt Brass, each a dram; Oesypus or grease of wool, Infusion of Gum Traganth in Plan∣tane water, each half an ounce with Oyl of Roses, Wax, and a scruple of Saffron make an Oyntment.

Or of Plants thus: Take roots of Orris, Birthwort, Tur∣merick, each two drams; Pomegranate peels, or flowers, and Galls, each a dram and an half; flowers of Labrusca, Rose seeds, each a dram; Gourd peels, Savin and Earth-worms burnt, each a dram; Sanguis Draconis and Bitumen, each two drams; rust of Iron three drams, burns Allum and Chalcitis burnt, each a dram and an half; burnt Coral two drams, Oyl and Suet, each six ounces; Rosin three ounces, with wax make a Plaster.

Or: Take the Wound Herbs mentioned, Roots, Leaves, and Flowers: boyl them in Wine and Oyl: take six ounces strained; add Honey and Rosin: and boyl them again a little, when it is thick, add Powders mentioned, Litharge six drams, burnt Brasse or Rust of Iron two drams: with Wax make an Oyntment.

Quick-silver makes these Oyntments better against a∣ny Malignity, especially the French Pox. Or: Take Quick-silver an ounce, Turpentine an ounce and half, Hogs Grease three ounces: stirr them well, then add Cadmia, burnt Brass, each two drams; Sulphur vive three drams, rust of Iron half an ounce.

Another excellent Plaster with which I have often cu∣red perverse Ulcers in the Legs. Take Litharge, Cadmia, Ceruss, each two drams; Frankincense, Mastch, each a dram and an half; Birthwort roots a dram, rust of Brass, Sublimate, each half a dram; Quick-silver three drams: with Turpen∣tine an ounce and an half, Honey half an ounce, Oyl of Roses and juyce of Plantane, each two ounces: make a Plaster.

When an Ulcer is clensed, heal it with Quick-silver, Turpentine, Sarcocol and Honey.

Apostolorum of Avicen is the ordinary Clenser and Dry∣er, and it is better mixed with Aegyptiacum, or with a little Allum or Vitriol when the Ulcer is very soul, it is made of Verdigrece, Litharge, Birthwort, Gum Ammo∣niack, Bdellium, Galbanum, Opopanax, Myrrh, Frankin∣cense, Rosin, Oyl and Wax.

Apostolicon Mesue is the same with Aloes and Sarcocol added.

Apostolicon Nicolai is of the same Ingredients with burnt Brass and Scales, Lapis Calaminaris, Dittany, Sar∣cocol, Mastich, Mummy, Colophony, Propolis, Birdlime, this wil draw any thing forth of an Ulcer.

The Emplastrum called Gratia Dei or Divine made by Nicolas is like these to draw out things fastned, it is made of Litharge, Verdigreece, Birthwort, Blood-stone, Oliba∣num, Myrrh, Bdellium, Mastich, Oyl.

Some add Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Opopanax, and Load-stone.

Diapalma also clenseth, it is made of Chalcitis, Litharge Oyl and Grease.

There are more Clensers and Driers made of Scales of Brass, Ashes, Verdigreece, Allum, Vitriol, by Galen; as the red Greek Plaster, or the black Aegyptian Isis, or Plaster of Asclaupius, Melium of Serapio, Diabotonon of Critonis, the Plaster of Terentinus, the Green Plaster of Andromachus or Panacea Hiroe and other Arabian Plasters, and the Oyntment of Guido against corroding Ulcers: They must be looked for in Dispensatories.

There are also strong, drying and clensing Oyls, as that of the wild Olive, of Wheat, Acorus, Spurge seeds, Radi∣shes by Dioscorides. and others for wounds which wil cure cleansed Ulcers, they are called Balsamelaea. that of Mant dung is commended by some, and that which comes from a Linnen Rag dipt in Oyl and burnt.

The stronger are Oyl of Myrrh and Sulphur, or a Pla∣ster of Myrrh, Colophony, and Wax mixed with them.

Or Oyl of Tartar by deliquium or melting is a great Clenser, and against eating Ulcers, Oyl of Vitriol Anti∣mony and Talcum.

Or this: Take crude Antimony two ounces, unslaked Lime a pugil, Tartar an ounce, boyl them in Lye, then add Vinegar and the Oyl will swim, this is good in foul Ul∣cers.

Balsom of Sulphur is a mighty Drier and Clenser thus made, Take Brimstone a pound and an half, boyl it in spi∣rit of Wine, digest it some daies in a Limbeck, take it from the Fire and put it in a strong vessel, add Vitriol in pouder an ounce and an half, Tartar an ounce, it makes a red Balsom. Ruland makes Balsom of Sulphur thus. Take Oyl ompha∣cine a pint, spirit of Turpentine two ounces, Sulphur six drams, digest it in hot Embers til it be Red, strain and keep it.

There are also Washes, Injections, Fomentations, and Bathes to clense and dry Ulcers.

Old Wine is a good Clenser.

Or Vinegar and Water and Wine is a gentle Clenser.

So is Whey wherein Barley is boyled, with Honey or Sugar.

Posset Curd applied warm is good against the weeping Ulcer, called in Dutch Slidwasser.

Water of distilled Honey or Turpentine clenseth, and more if they be stilled together with Vitriol.

Or a Lye of many Ashes, as of Vine stalks, or Fig-tree or Savin, adding Lime before you strain, or boyl the Lye with Wine and Honey.

The Lye of Soap clenseth more, called Soap-water thus made, of Vine Ashes three parts, unslaked Lime one part, boyl them to a consistence for an Oyntment, use a little, and let it lie til the Ulcer be clean, and then heal it with other things.

This Soap-Lye is made stronger with Sal Armoniack.

Water wherein Quick-silver hath been often quenched, taken clean from the Lime, wonderfully clenseth filthy Ulcers, especially that which is made of burnt Flints, of which we spake in Burnings.

A pound of Vitriol and a good quantity of Water is a good Fomentation in the weeping Ulcer, called in Dutch Slidwasser.

Or Urin, especially if old and stinking.

Or distilled water of Urin, with Allum and Tartar dis∣solved therein.

Also all salt Waters, with salt Armoniack especially, al∣so Brine or Pickle.

Or Allum water and Camphire, which is good against Ulcers in the Privities.

The Water found in the cavities of old Oaks is thought to cure Ulcers.

There are divers Decoctions of Plants for Fomentations or Baths to clense and dry Ulcers. such as are mentioned for wounds, some are applied green, and bruised or boyl∣ed. The chief Decoctions is of Agrimony, Yarrow, Ivy, Avens, Ladies-mantle, Hors-tail, Strawberry leaves, Bur∣net, Bears-ears, Pyrola, Pauls Bettony, Sun-flower, wild Tansie, Vervain, Carduus, Spondylium, Solomons seal, Woad, Personatum, Anagallis, Butterbur, Housleek, Car∣rots, Colymbades, Hemlock, Plantane, Shepheards-purse, Scabious, Gallitricum, Dogs tongue, Celandine, Worm∣wood, Centaury, Horehound, Smallage, Polymountain, Mugwort, Nettles, Cypress, Savin, Oak leaves, wild

Olive, Mastich tree, Rhamnus, Barberries, Sumach, Ce∣terach, Coriander, Roses, Maudlin, Costus, Aesculapius his Allheal, Pomegranate flowers, Comfrey roots, Birth∣wort, Orris, black Chamaelion roots, Allheal, Sulphur∣wort, wild Parsneps, Astragalus, Fern, Anemone, Thali∣ctrum, Alkanet, Daffodil, Pomegranate peels, Ash leaves and Beets: Also Guajacum, which is proper in pocky Ulcers. also bark of the Palm tree, also Galls, Acron cups, Cypress Nuts, Myrobalans, Lentils, Barley, Myr∣tles, Roses, Barberries, Plantane, Coleworts boyled in Wine and Water, and water with Vinegar in soul Ulcers, to Dry and clense, with Acacia and Hypocystis to dry more.

To these Decoctions when you wil clense more. Take Smallage, Plantane, Agrimony, each a handful; Wormwood, Centaury, each half a handful; boyl and dissolve in a pint thereof Honey of Roses four ounces, or in hollow foul Fistu∣laes and Ulcers, add Orris, Hellebore, or Cuckowpint roots boyled in Lye or Ʋrin for to inject or wash.

Or this Injection. Take Gentian roots an ounce, Hermo∣dacts six drams, Hellebore three drams, Wormwood and Cen∣taury, each a handful; boyl them in two pints strained, dissolve Honey of Roses three ounces, Aegyptiacum an ounce: add pouder of Orris and Birthwort, each half an ounce; Aga∣rick, Myrrh, each two drams.

Or: Take Smallage, Sage (which allaies Itching in Ulcers) Bettony, Horehound, each a handful; Radishes an ounce and an half, Onyons an ounce: boyl them, and to two pints add Allum half an ounce or Salt of Tartar two drams, Honey of Roses three ounces.

To dry and heal. Take Comfrey, Plantane, Shepheards∣purse, Horstail, Ceterach, Jews herb, each a handful; Agri∣mody and five-leav'd Grass, each half a handful; Galls, Cy∣press Nuts, Pomegranate flowers, each an ounce; red Roses, Barley, each a pugil; boyl them, and to two pints of the straining, add Frankincense, Mastich, Sarcocol, each two drams; Honey of Roses three ounces.

Or: Take Litharge a pound, boyl it in Vinegar and dip Clouts therein for Ulcers of the Legs.

Or: Take Cadmia or Litharge two ounces, Mastich, Fran∣kincense, each half an ounce, Camphire half a dram, Saffron a scruple: boyl them in Vinegar.

Or, boyl Allum, Tartar and Mastich in Vinegar, or Tar∣tar and Aloes in Vinegar.

Take white Vitriol, Allum, Bole a pound, Camphire an ounce, boyl them in an Earthen vessel, keep the third part of the Water, boyl the rest til it may be poudered, to an ounce of which, add a pint of water, strain it, use the Water.

In Ulcers of the Leg. Take Chalcanthum, Vitriol, Al∣lum, Ceruss, eaqual parts, boyl them in Vinegar til they are hard, dissolve a little in Water or Lye and Wine and wash the Ʋlcer.

Take Allum half an ounce, Tartar two drams, Camphire a dram, Verdigreece, half a dram: beat them, and dissolve them with Aqua vitae eight ounces, and three Yolks of hard Egs, strain them, this is good in Ulcers of the Privi∣ties.

Take Pease, Wheat, Salt, each a pugil; Wine a good quan∣tity: let them stand in a brass Kettle, and stir them some daies, add Verdigreese an ounce, white Vitriol, Aloes, each half an ounce; stir them some daies, and then strain off the Liquor.

Or: Take Litharge, Lapis Calaminaris, each half an ounce; Salt, Allum, Vitriol, each an ounce; boyl them in Water, Wine, or Lye: add Sulphur, Ceruss, Sanguis Draco∣nis and an ounce of Verdigreece.

You may use distilled waters to dry Ulcers, or the Juy∣ces of Plants with Allum and whites of Egs, before it is di∣stilled.

That of Docks and Vinegar mentioned in Tetters or Herpes cures Ulcers after an Erysipelas.

This is better in pocky Ulcers, if the Dock roots are oyled in Guajacum water.

Pouder for hollow Ulcers which cause flesh by drying, and are therefore called Incarnatives, or stronger Driers when the Ulcer is very foul and eating.

The Incarnative pouders are first: Take Frankincense, Myrrh, Aloes, to glew as in the first Wound-plaster.

A second: Take Sarcocol and Myrrh.

A third: Take one of the former pouders, add as much Sanguis Draconis, Orris, and Birthwort.

A fourth: Take of the first or second pouder one part, add meal of Orobus, or Lupines roots, of Sulphur-wort, All-heal, Centaury the less as much.

A fifth: as much Litharge, Cadmia, filings of Iron, and Pumcie stone to the first or second pouder.

The sixth that wil cloath naked bones with flesh again is made of Orris, Daffodil, Sulphur wort, All heal roots, Frankincense and Myrh.

There are other glutinating Incarnatives.

When you wil dry more in moist Ulcers, use pouders of drying Plants, as of Savin, Cypress, Horehound, Vervain, Groundpine, Germander, Juniper berries, Pomegranate peels, Cypress Nuts, Bediguar, Goose-grass, Parsneps, Securidaca, Coriander, Rosemary, Sage, Myrtle leaves, or pouder of Coral, Crystal, Bole, sealed Earth-Eretria, washed Lime, of the stone Aesius, Earth-worms, and Hog∣lice, rotten Posts, and other Driers.

Or Ashes of burnt Southernwood, Dill, Cypress, Savin, Tamarisk, Hemp, Gourd peels, Olives, also of Shoe soals, Paper, Silk, Purple, shels of Oysters, Hedghogs, Snakes, Snails, Corals.

To all these pouders, add Frankincense, Mastich, Pitch Gum of Nu•• tree, Almonds, &c.

The white troches of Rhasis with Camphire, Aloes and Myrh cures Ulcers in the Yard.

Or this experienced. The pouder of Barba sylvatica, with half a part of Mastich and Frankincense, and a fourth part of Cuttle Bone.

When you wil dry more use pouder of Capar roots, Restharrow, Fern, Birthwort, Gentian, Hermodacts, Or-Cuckowpints or Dragons, Briony, Celondine, Hellebore, Agarick, Dogs dung, these clense Fistulaes also, especial∣ly if you add Chalcitis or Verdigreese.

The pouder of Snails is good against the gleeting Ulcer cald in Dutch Slidwasser.

Or this to dry and clense. Take flowers of Pomegranate or peels half a dram, burnt Bones or Cural a dram, Aloes a scruple, Salt or Allum a dram and an half, make a Pouder.

Or mix silings of Iron or Brass with fat clay washt with Allum water, and burn it to pouder.

Salt of pickled Fish, or flower of Salt is good against moist Ulcers.

Or Tartar, or Borax, with Crabs-eyes.

Or burnt Allum, or parched Salt, or burnt Brass.

In a Fellon called Paronychia when the flesh is foul: Take Sal Armoniack half an ounce, Verdigreese two drams, make a Pouder, add Aqua fortis, dip Cotton in it, and dry it, and apply it to the root of the Nail.

Dry Lint is good in moist Ulcers often changed.

Or Sparadrap, which is good also in the French Pox in the Privities, thus made. Take Guajacum pouder four oun∣ces, roots of Gentian, Birthwort, Masterwort, each an ounce; Rhubarb half an ounce, Centaury tops, Scordium, Bettony, each a handful; Rosemary flowers and Roses, each a pugil; Bay and Juniper berries, each half an ounce; Myrtle ber∣ries and Fennel seed, each two drams; Allum three drams: boyl them in red Wine, strain them, and to a pint and an half, add Mythridate an ounce, dissolve it in three ounces of Aqua vitae, dip a Pledget in it often and dry it again, apply a bit of it.

Somtimes we open the Ulcer that the matter better come forth in the lower part, and rouling it above, and wounds also, when we fear the Bones wil be infected, and in the Fellon we open the Imposthume at the first before the bone is foul.

Or we take away rotten flesh with an actual Cautery,

or a potential, especially in that malignant gleeting Ulcer called Slidwasser in Dutch, a Corrosive must presently be applied to that.

You must use the expulsive Ligature to hollow Ulcers to retain things put in, and let the matter come forth not∣withstanding.

Remedies to heal up and make a scar are in wounds with loss of flesh and skin.

And the last of all when the Ulcers are fil'd with flesh, and the Superficies only bare they cure them.

And though Nature doth breed this skin of nourish∣ment that feeds the skin, as it doth breed flesh in hotter Ulcers, yet because a preternatural flux of moisture hin∣ders her, we must use Driers that Nature may do her work and make skin. This Scarf-skin differs from the true, because it is neither sensible nor porous, not made of seed as before, but of nutriment that sweats from the true skin and grows to the flesh, and then it is not called a true skin but Callus, and Cicatrice or Scar, and the medicines that cause it are called Epuloticks.

These must be stronger driers than Incarnatives to make the superficies better turn into a skin or Scar, and they must be more, and therefore are to be used in a dry form rather than a moist and unctious.

Therefore Incarnatives which astringe not so much must not be used when the Ulcer is healed but changed, lest they make proud flesh, for skin they cannot make, nor Glutinaters except some of the chiefest Driers and Binders, which when they have glewed the lips of a wound heal with a smal scar without any more ado, as Cicatrizers called Epuloticks do glutinate small wounds.

Pouders are best for such strong drying, if very fine and sprinkled upon the superficies, and better when burnt and not washed, for things that corrode lose their force by being burnt if they be after washed. The pouders fol∣low.

The first: Take Galls, Pomgranate peels and Birthwoort, burn them and they are stronger.

The second: Take one part of the first pouder with as much Cypress Nuts or Acorn Cups, Roses, Hors-tail, Contau∣ry, burnt Spurge.

The third: Take one part of the first pouder: add as much Tormentil roots, or of Snakeweed, or of Pine bark, or Elm, or Oak, or Sumach, or burnt Paper, Clouts or Leather, Bones or Eg-shels.

The fourth: Take one part of either pouder, add as much of bark of Frankincense and Sanguis Draconis.

The fifth: Take any of the former with as much Litharge, Cadmia or Lapis Calaminaris burnt, with Bole or Chalk.

The sixth stronger. Take Litharge, Tutty, burnt Lead or Ceruss, each half an ounce; burnt Allum a dram, half an ounce of the first pouder, and a dram of burnt Pumice stone.

The seventh which is strongest. Take Brass burnt and washed two drams, Chalcitis burnt and washed a dram and an half, an ounce of any of the pouders aforesaid.

Or use the following alone, or with the former, as Pou∣der of burnt Rosemary, or drying plants, barke of Goards, Plantane roots, Caper barkes, Cypress, Oak, Pear-tree, Myrtle, Fruits of the Aegyptian Thorne, or pouder of burnt shells, Coral, Ivory, sealed Armenian, or Cimolian earth, Bloodstone, Jews stone, Loadstone, and Asius.

Or Use Crocus Martis, which is a strong dryer.

Machiolus comends Tartar burnt, with the pouder of Plantane roots, others Sulphur vive.

Of these pouders you may make Oyntments with ast∣ringent Wine or Honey, or oyl of Roses, Myrtles, or Sew∣et, but they will dry less, except you use the sixth or se∣venth Pouder.

Or Thus. Take six drams of the sixth Pouder, add An∣timony, Scales and Flowers of Brass all burnt and washt, each two drams; Chalcitis or Borax, and Vitriol, each a dram, with Honey make an Oyntment, or with Oyls, if you will have it gentler.

Dioscorides useth Verdigrease with Oyl and Wax.

Or use this of Juices. Take Juyce of Plantane, Ver∣vain, Agrimony, Pears, or Quinces, four ounces, add red Vi∣negar, two ounces, Acacia, half an ounce, Aloes two drams, Litharge an ounce and half, Honey an ounce: boyl them to a thin Oyntment.

Oyl of Vitriol in Water makes a Scarr, by strong dry∣ing.

The usual Epulotike Oyntments and Plaisters, are nutri∣tum, or triapharmacum, or that black of Avicen made of Litharge, Oyl of Vinegar, or Litharge and Ceruse, of the oyntment of Quick-Lime, often washed, as we shewed in burnings, or the white Oyntment with Ceruse, and Litharge, or the Citrine Oyntment, that of Tutty, or of red lead, or that of Lead, or the plaster of Lapis Calamina∣ris, mentioned in Glutinaters, or Emplastrum Diacadmiae, of Gallen.

Before you use these Epuloticks, wash the wounds or Ulcers with Wine by Urine or Allum water, or Decoction of Sumach, or Currans, Rhus which thickens their Leath∣er, and dryes, and thickens the Skin.

You may further the Cure of Ulcers, as well as Wounds by Wound Drinks, for they cleanse and drie, they are men∣tioned in Wounds.

These following are best in hollow Ulcers, or in Fistu∣laes, which be most dryed, therefore they are good in all foul Ulcers: Thus made.

Give Agrimony boyled in Wine, with Solomons-seal, Feather-wood, Burnet, Spatula foetida: to drink some daies.

Or Wine of red Coleworts, with the Seeds and Mad∣der.

A Water called the Mother of Balsom, for hollow Ul∣cers. Take; distilled water of Rosemary and Sage, steeped in white wine one pint. give it with Sugar.

Or add Turpentine two ounces, Gum of Ivy, Frankicense, Mastike, Myrrh, Aloes, each half an ounce; Cloves, Cin∣namon, Nutmegs, Cabebs, Galangal, each two drams; Saff∣ron, a dram. give the distilled water to drink.

An excellent water made of Pyrola roots and all and and ground Ivy, cutt small and steept in old Ale, two daies, with as much Album Graecum as an Egg, distill a water, and add it to the dreggs, and still it over again, give three spoonfull a morning, before Supper, and at bed-time.

In hollow ulcers, in the Perinaeum under the stones, when they pierce to the bladder. Take Comfrey roots, Fennel, Liquorish, each an ounce and half, Birthwortt, half an ounce, Sanicle, perfoliata, or through wax, Saracens Con∣sound, ground Ivy, Betony, each a handful; Hyssop half a handful, winter Cherries half a pugil. boyl them in wine and water each a pint, give it with Sugar.

A Fistulated Ulcer whose inward cir∣cumference grows together, by a skin or tunicle, with Hollowness called a Fistula, is thus cured. it must be filled again with flesh, and therefore the tunicle must be taken away, and then you must use the means mentioned to be∣get flesh, and a Scarr, or Skin; and give things menti∣oned in Ulcers, to keep the body clean, that the Cure may be the easier.

Therefore for taking away of the Tunicle, use cleansers which may take it away, with the thick Excrements while it is soft and slimy. but when it is grown hard, it cannot be taken away, but with strong cleansers, all the kinds of which were mentioned in Ulcers. If the Tunicle be hard and confirmed, eat it away with things that consume proud flesh as in Ulcers, applied with Tents which will keep it open.

These are the cheif takers away of Skin in Fistulaes.

Of Juyces, that of Orris is sharp and burning, and that of Dragons Cookowpints, and Spurge, and Juice of milk∣y Figgs, they may be corrected with milder Juyces, or mixed with Vinegar or Honey.

Oyl Omphacine cleanseth, and more with Juice of Spurge, or the like.

Paracelsus his balsom for Fistulaes. Take Oyl of Bricks two ounces, Oyl of Turpentine six ounces, Oyl of Cloves half an ounce, infuse Mastik, Myrrh, Frankinceose, each two ounces; Mummy three ounces, distill them, pour it in twice a day.

The Chymists commend in Fistulaes, Oyl and Sugar of Lead, or Oyl or Water of Mercury.

As strong Vinegar consumes Egg-shels if they be laid therein, So doth it Fistulaes, mixed with Oyl omphacine, and Labdanum, as Dioscorides, and with other Oyntments to avoid corruption.

Or use Aegyptiacum dissolved in lye with a Tent.

Or this Infusion: Take Verdigrease three drams, Allum an ounce and half, Sugar half a pound, with Wine, boyl and use it.

Or Take Orpiment a dram, Verdigrease half a dram, boyl them in half a pint of wine, and four ounces of Plantane water, Or use the green Water mentioned against Ulcers of the mouth.

It is excellent to dissolve a little Orpiment, in Plantane Rose, or Nightshade water.

Or to use a little Sublimate with Populeon, to abate its force, or Orpiment and Honey.

A Fistula-water to take away and cure. Take Frankin∣cense, Mastike each half an ounce; Verdigrease, Orpiment, each to drams; Allum two ounces, Honey and Turpentine, each an ounce an half; wine a pint and half. distill a Wa∣ter.

Or distill a water of Euphorbium dissolved in Juyce of Plantane, with Myrrh, and Frankincense.

Or use the distilled water of mans Dung.

An Oyl to eat away Fistulaes. Take Antimony two oun∣ces, Sublimate an ounce, Honey four ounces, distill an Oyl by a retort.

Orpiment alone thus prepared cures all Fistulaes. Take yellow Orpiment, an ounce, calcined Tartar two ounces, pow∣der and calcine them in a crucible twenty four hours, powder it upon a Tile, and boyl them in water, till it is evaporated, there will be a white Chalk in the bottome, which is Orpiment prepared, the pouder of it doth cure Fistulaes to a miracle.

This white Orpiment so prepared, and put into a Glass, and set in a moist Cellar, turns to an oyly Liquor, which put into Fistulaes, is excellent.

An Hellebore root put into a Fistula, takes away the Tunicle.

We put a dried Spunge tyed or waxed into Fistulaes, or a root of Gentian or Birthwort, as a Tent to enlarge the Orfice rather then to clense, and the stretching makes the Callus thinner and sooner come of.

If you burn a Fistula with an actuall or potentiall Cau∣tery, there wil be an Eschar, and that falling off, the Tuni∣cle is gone.

If after this, quick flesh appears in a Fistula, it must be cured as other Ulcers, by Incarnatives injected, and then by Cicatrizers.

They say that Fistulaes are cured by Drinks mentioned in Ulcers, but they mean hollow Ulcers not yet covered with a tunicle, for when there is a skin grown in a Fistu∣la they cannot send their vertue so far as to eat off except at the first while it is warm, or work upon the Fistula when the skin is off.

Paracelsus commends this Drink against fistulated Ul∣cers. Take Sowbread two handfuls, Sanicle a handful, So∣phia Chirurgorum half a handful, boyl them in Wine, to the strained Liquor cold, add Oyl of Cloves distilled an ounce and an half, give it thrice a day shaking it first that the Oyl of Cloves may be in evey draught three or four ounces at a time.

A Callus Ulcer with hard Lips must be mollified and clensed.

This Cataplasm doth both, made of Dock and Comfrey roots boyled in Water, bruised after and mixed with Butter.

Or use a plaster of Ammoniacum with strong Vinegar.

Or this Oyntment. Take Gum Ammoniack, Bdollium or Galbanum dissolved in strong Vinegar two ounces, Turpen∣tine half an ounce: dissolve it with Oyl of Roses, add two drams of Verdigreese, and three drams of Allum.

Or use other strong Clensers or Eaters mentioned if the Callus be hard.

Dioscorides saith that Spurge boyled in Honey or pie∣ces of Sphondilium laid upon the Callus take it away.

Cut with a Knife or Lancet, and it will more easily heal.

An excrescent Ulcer is when the flesh which fil'd the Ulcer grows out for want of soon making a Scar or Skin, hanging forth and deforming, this must be made even.

By taking away Plethory if that be the cause, by spare Diet and bleeding, and using of medicines outward that cause a scar as soon as the flesh riseth. these by drying cause a skin and hinder flesh from growing, but if the flesh is grown out, you must not use them, left it cause deformi∣ty, because they wil not consume it. but then use stronger Dtiers and Clensers, or things that take away flesh, called Cathereticks, such as we mentioned for Fistulaes, and these are good in Fistulaes.

Pouders are carried in Borax pipes for the same, as pouder of black Hellebore and Hermodacts, of Birth∣wort, Galls, Ashes of Date stones, Wooll, Spunge, Salt Fish, Smaris and Sea-Hedghog, Purple shels, and Shails burnt.

Or sprinkle small cut Hemp thereon.

Or the yellow pouder of dregs remaining after the di∣stillation of Honey.

Or pouder of Borax.

Or of Pumice Stone, Okar, Aetius Stone, Diphryges.

Or of Allum, Chalcitis burnt, or not mixed with other weaker.

As, Take Allum burnt three drams, with Pomegranate flowers and Bole as much.

Or, Take Vitriol half an ounce, Allum two drams, Pome∣granate peels and Galls, each two drams; Myrrh, Birthwort burnt, each a dram; make Troches for your use.

Or you may add burnt Tartar to other pouders.

A Corrosive pouder. Take Vitriol four ounces, Allum and Verdigreese, each half an ounce, Vinegar six ounces, cal∣cine them in a luted Vessel.

Or make it of red Arsnick, Allum and Galls boyled in Vinegar strained and pour upon as much quick Lime, dry the Lime with the residence of the Decoction till it may be poudered.

Or make quick Lime into Troches with Honey, and then burn them.

To make Precipitate or Sublimate to consume flesh with∣out great pain, Take one part of Quick-silver, two parts of Aqua fortis, let it be stir'd in a great Alembick with a great Receiver and hot Fire under, till the Water is gone, and the Alembick broken, leave that which is white and yellow, and take it in the neck of a Glass, pouder it, and se•• it upon the fire till all the fume be gone.

The Troches mentioned in Cauteries to open Impost∣humes, and many things that burn the skin, are good here.

And Troches of Vigo made of crums of Bread, Subli∣mate, red Lead, and Rose water.

Aegyptiacum is the best Oyntment to take away flesh.

Or this, Take Hermodacts or Agarick, black Hellebore, burnt Spunge and Pumice stone, each two drams; burnt Brass and Allum, each a dram and an half; Verdigreese and Chal∣citis, each a dram; with Honey and Oyl of Tartar an ounce, make an Oyntment.

Or thus: Take Antimony and filings of Iron, each two ounces; Allum, Sal Armaeniack, Sulphur vive and Chal∣canthum, each an ounce and an half; Verdigreese and Orpi∣ment, and Quick-silver, each an ounce; strong Vinegar, and

Lye of Barbars, with Lime each two ounces: calcine them in a Potters vessel, and keep the Pouder close stopt in a Glass.

Anacardine Honey anoynted doth the same.

Or Oyl of Sulphur, Tartar, Vitriol, with Liquor or up∣on a Plaster.

If nothing wil help, cut or burn away the flesh.

My Caustick doth it wel and quickly.

We have mentioned compound Ulcers with tumors and Pustles, we shal speak now of such tumors as do presently follow both Wounds and Ulcers when the tumor is red, as Phlegmonous erysipelated and Oedamatous Ulcers.

Phlegmonous or erysipelated Ul∣cers or Wounds which are so from flux of Blood caused by pain or the like, must be so ordered that blood be first revelled as we shewed in a Phleg∣mon.

Then use repelling Defensatsives about the Ulcers and after Digesters as in a Phlegmon.

The Driers that are put into Wounds or Ulcers must first cool, also as in the Repellers in Phlegmon such as have Litharge, Cadmia, Ceruss.

Or thus against Inflammation and Ulcer. Take Juice of Dogstongue, Plantane, Willow, Night shade, or Housleeke, four ounces, Juice of Pomegranates, an ounce, Vinegar, half an ounce, Oyl of roses or Myrrtles, three ounces, Ceruse half an ounce, Lead burnt and washt, two drams, Camphire half a dram, with Turpentine make an oyntment.

You may use dryers onely when the Inflammation is gone.

The black Cerot of Vigo. Take Litharge, red Lead earths, Rossin, Camphire, Oyls, and Greases, with Poplar oynt∣ments, wine of Pomegranates, Decoction of Myrtles, Barley, Plantane, Nightshade, wood-lime.

In Gun-shot, this Plaster is good at the first. Take Bole two ounces, Sanguis Draconis, an ounce, Ceruse, or Lith∣arge, halfe an ounce, Barley meal an ounce and half, pouder of Earthwormes, half an ounce (especially if the Nerves be hurt) dried Centaury two drams, Sewet dissolved in oyl of Roses an ounce, with Turpentins, make a plaster, you may add white Diachylon to it.

Or this, Take Juyce of Plantane, Nightshade, Housleek, tach an ounce, Vinegar half an ounce, Oyl of Violets, Roses, water-Lillies, and Turpentine, each an ounce; boyl them till the Juices be consumed, add the Pouders of the Plaster a∣fore mentioned.

Against a Prick with a Thorn. Take Juyce of Plantane, Shepherds-purse, Nightshade, Oyl of Roses, each four ounces; boyl them till the Juices be consumed; add Litharge, Ce∣ruse, Cadmia, of both sorts, each half an ounce; Lead burnt and washed, Scales of Brass, each two drams; with Turpentine six ounces and an half.

In an Inflammation of the Puncture of a Nerve, use this Plaster. Take Barley and Lentil Meal, each two ounces; Bean or Lupine, or Orobus flower, each an ounce, boyl them in wine Vinegar and Honey, or Oxymel to a plaster. Then add things against pain, and proper for a Punctures as was there shewed.

For Ulcers of the Leggs with Erysipelas, use Unguent of Roses, Turpentine, and yolks of Eggs, with Oyntment of Line.

Against Pain in Ulcers or Wounds, from Inflammation, or Medicines, you must use Anodynes round about, as in Inflammations, as that of Cow Dung, and Narcoticks if need be. In the Puncture of a Nerve, wee shewed what was to be done against pain from thence.

If there be fear from the Puncture of a Nerve of a Con∣vulsion, as often there is, it is good, to prevent Death, to cut in the place pricked or a little above.

If a wound or Ulcer be Oedematous, we must labour to drye up the Moisture about them which causeth tumor, with the strong∣est driers, and then apply about things, a∣gainst the Oedema.

A Gangreen is the Beginning of the Corruption of a Member: and is hardly cured. Sphacelus is a perfect mortification so that the part is dead, and must be cutt of, least it insect the quick, and cause death.

While there is any hope, and there is Pain and Sense scarrifie quickly, with many and deep Scarrifications.

Or use Horsleeches, or apply them after Scarification.

Let the part scarified be fomented with hot water thrice a day.

Or with strong lye of Barbers of Decoction of Lupines, or Lye of Fig-tree ashes.

Or with Sea, or other Salt water.

The Chyrurgeons use suddain Fomentations before or after Scarification, as follows. Take roots of Briony, Rad∣dish, each two ounces; Leavs of Galeopsis, and ground Ivy, each a handful; Juniper topps a pugil, boyl them in Wine, add Vinegar for a Fomentation with Syrups.

In a Gangreen in the Privities, foment with Decoction of Mugwort, Wormwood, Violets, Strawberries, Althaea, in Wine, it hath made the Corrupt Part fall from the Sound.

Or Take ground Ivy, and Juniper topps, boyled in Milk it is a rare experiment.

Dioscorides useth boyled Coleworts, with Honey or Let∣tice beaten with Meal of Darnel.

Old Wallnutts, or the green Rinds, are also good.

Or Galeopsis and Briony roots and all.

Or Agrymony and Roses beaten with Vinegar, of Raddishes and Salt.

Or flower of Orobus, Darnell Pease, Barley, with Ho∣ney and Salt.

Or this Cataplasine. Take Meal of Lupines, Lentils, Beans, six ounces, Pomegranate peels two drams, dryed Roses a dram, Bole, Myrrh, each half an ounce; Salt an ounce, Juyce of VVormwood, or Nettles, ground Ivy, or Pomegranates three ounces, Vinegar an ounce, with Honey and Turpentine, and three Yolks of Eggs, and Oyl of Nutts, or Roses, that it dry not to soon.

Or add to the residence of the Decoction, for a Fomen∣tation, Old Wallnutts kernells an ounce and half, Meal of O∣robus and Pease, each two ounces, Honey an ounce and half, Salt half an ounce; make a Pultis.

Unctious things as Oyls and Oyntments are not so good, for they cause putrefaction, except it be a little to di∣gest and keep the Pultis moist. An experienced Plaster is made of Savin pouder, with Leaven, oyl of Lineseed, Nuts or Yolks of Eggs, or of Tartar.

After washing, lay on Aegyptiacum with Allum.

Use Causticks as Milk of spurge, if putrefaction con∣tinue.

Or mix Arsenick, with the Pouder of Mans Bones and Mandrake roots are added, to prevent Pain, I suppose o∣thers add roots of five leaved Grasse.

After the foul flesh is gone from the sound, cure it as a wound.

You may use strong cleansers, and that take of flesh mentioned in excrescent Ulcers.

When the Bones are corroded Ca∣reous or black, there is Cares or rot∣tenness of them in evil deep and hol∣low Ulcers that reach to the Bones and defile them, and it hinders cure of the Ulcer and hurts the member if it con∣tinue. To take it away at first you must thrust medi∣cines to the bottom of the Ulcer, opening it first, if it be strait by a dry tent, which when it is moistened from the wound will swel and dilate it, as with a Gentian root, which also clenseth, or with a spunge bound hard, first take a Suppository or the like, or open it by cutting.

This done put in Clensing medicines and Cathereticks or Eaters that wil take away corruption from bones as wel as corrupt flesh.

The chief Scaler of a Bone is Oyl of Vitriol and Anti∣mony, Aqua fortis and Aqua Regia, all these I have used

with happy success in foul bones and venemous Ulcers with foulness of bones, and in the French Pox.

But if this cannot be taken off, as when there is rough∣ness upon the bone, we lay the bone bare and make it e∣ven with a sharp Instrument for that purpose, or we cut off that which is above til the bone be smooth and clean again.

Somtimes we burn the foul bone with actual Cauterys and then the burnt part fall off, from the sound of it self. This is done in divers parts where the bone is foul, and also in the end of the Fingers where the bones use sud∣denly to be corrupted by Paronychia or Fellon, it must be done presently that the foul joynt being taken away the next may be preserved.

This done, and the Bone made clean, you may cure the Ulcer with its proper Remedies, as the nature thereof re∣quireth.

Notes

• A tickling in the superficies of the body without any other dis••a∣ses apparent.
• Itch.
• Pain from heat.
• Pain from cold.
• Pains from tou∣ching of rough bodies. Pain from com∣pression and de∣stention.
• Pain from Contu∣sion or bruise.
• Erysipelas.
• Holy Fire.
• An Erysipelas with a Phlegmon
• An ulcerated Erysipelas.
• An oedematous Erysipelas.
• Erysipelas in the legs of them which have the Dropsie Ascites.
• Small Erysipelas.
• The Humors in the Super∣ficies of the Body.
• Phlogoses.
• Phlegmon or Inflammation.
• Phlegmon ery∣sipelated.
• Phlegmon oede∣matous.
• Tuberculut or Pustle.
• Furunc••lus, Cla∣vus, or little Can∣ter.
• Tumor from Con∣tusion.
• Tumors in the Glanduls or Kernels.
• Phygethlon. Panus. Phym••. Parotis.
• Bubo venereal and pestilential.
• Tumors in the Papps and Stones.
• Tumors with Inflammati∣on of divers parts.
• Paronychia Pannaritium
• Fork or Grippelen.
• Apostume or Impostume.
• Exitura or outlet of the Chirurgi∣ons.
• Canter.
• Wolf or Noli me tangere.
• A Cancer ulcerated.
• Carcino∣ma.
• Pustles in the superficies of the body.
• The common moist itch and scab.
• The Cruel scab called Agria or Fera, in Dutch Herbrolen.
• Running Ʋlcers of the Head called Tinea, Achores or scald.
• Favus.
• Terminthus
• Epinychtis.
• Phlyctaenae.
• Herpes Phly∣ctanodes.
• The dry scab.
• Prurigo or Cnismos.
• The foul scab.
• Greek Leprosy.
• Papula or Herpes of the Greeks.
• Herpes miliaris.
• Holy or wild Fire.
• Carbuncle, An∣thrax in Greek or Persian Fire.
• The pestilential Anthrax.
• Ʋlcers in the Su∣perficies of the Body.
• Clefts and Fis∣ures called Rhagae.
• Pernio or Chi∣metlon.
• Excoriation or Intertrigo.
• Burning.
• Wounds in the Super∣ficies of the Body.
• Plaga or Cut.
• Puncture.
• Gun-shot.
• A comused Wound.
• Uneven Cuts.
• A Wound with a Phlegmon.
• A Wound vlcerating.
• A Wound with a Fra∣cture or bone-hurt.
• Poysoned wounds.
• Stinging.
• Ulcers in the Su∣perficies of the body.
• Simple sordid Ulcers plain and cavous.
• A sinuous Ulcer.
• Compound ulcers.
• Growing ulcers without flesh.
• Fistula.
• Callous ulcers.
• Ulcers of evil Habit.
• Phlegmonous Ʋlcers.
• Erysipelated oede∣matous Ʋlcers.
• Corrupt Ulcers with water.
• Paronychia ulcerated.
• Foul ulcers.
• A vermi∣nous ulcer.
• Perverse ul∣cers. Eating Ul∣cers. Nomae.
• Phagadaenica
• Perverse Ulcers in the Leggs.
• A varicous Ulcer.
• A malignant pockie Ʋlcer. A Cancer in the Yard.
• Leprous Ʋlcers.
• Corruption in the supersicies of the body
• Gangraene.
• Sphacelus, Syderation.
• Corrupt bones Caries.
• Want of usual touching causeth tickling.
• Cold causeth pain.
• Heat causeth pain.
• Dryness is the cause of pain from touching of rough things.
• Dryness is the cause of clefts.
• Blood flowing to the skin is the cause of Erysipelas and its kinds.
• Flux of blood to the skin and flesh, caus∣eth Tnmors and In∣flammations.
• Suppuration, causeth Impostumes.
• Slidwasser, from a corrupt wound.

  Corruption of the part, causeth Gangren.

  Natural heat extinct, causeth a Sphacel.
• Flux of blood upon the glandules, caus∣eth the Bubo, Pa∣rotis, Phygthlon, Phyma.
• Flux of blood into other parts, caus∣eth Tumor and inflammaoions in them.
• Pain is the cause of divers Tumors and Inflammatio∣ns.
• External Heat causeth Erysi∣pelas, or Phleg∣mon, and their kinds.
• Flux of Humors causeth pustles.
• A pernicious and venemous quality, causeth the Cancer.
• A pestilent Poy∣son causeth Car∣buncle and pesti∣lent Bubo.
• Cholerick, salt, and sharp Humors cause the Scab, and cree∣ping Itch, Carbun∣cles, and Phlyctenae
• Compression, Di∣stention, and Con∣iusion cause pain.
• Friction is the cause of Scabs.
• Outward Cuts, Pricks, Contu∣sions, cause Wounds.

  Of poysoned Wounds.
• Corrosion of the skin.
• Of Burning.
• Biting or sting∣ing of venemous beasts.
• The stinging of beasts causeth venemous wounds.
• The Humors which cause ulcers that follow Impo∣sthumes, and are joyned with pustles.
• Humors cause Fissures or Clefts
• Humors that cause Tinea Favus or scald Head.
• Humors that cause Corroding and Varicous Ulcers.
• Malignant hu∣mors, cause Ma∣lignant Ulcers.
• Cure of tickling.
• Cure of itching.
• The Cure of pain from cold.
• The Cure of pain from heat.
• The Cure of pain from touching of rough things.
• The Cure of pain from compression and distention.
• The Cure of Erysipelas and its kinds.
• The Cure of divers sor••s of Inflammation.
• The Cure of a Contusion with Inflammation, or with Tumor not inflamed.
• The Cure of Bubo and Parotis, with Inflammation which is called Panus & Phyma.
• The Cure of Inflammation of the Paps and Stones.
• The Cure of Impostums.
• The Cure of a Cancer.
• The Cure of a Cancer ulcera∣ted.
• The Cure of a simple An∣thrax or Car∣buncle pesti∣lent.
• The Cure of Herpes milia∣ris and Esthi∣omenos.
• The Cure of the com∣mon Scab, Itch, Scald, Terminthus, Epinyctis, Impetigo, Prurigo Psora and Greek Le∣prosie.
• The Cure of Ulcers in general.
• The cure of Abrasions of the Skin, Chaps, or Gall cal'd Intertri∣go, and of Fissures or Clefts, or Perniones, Kibes or Chiblanes.
• The Cure of Wounds in divers parts, made by Cutts, Blows, or Gunshot.
• The Cure of small Punctures in di∣vers parts, and in the Nerves.
• The Cure of venemous and poisoned wounds Strokes and Bites.
• The Cure of wounds une∣qually divided.
• The Cure of plain, hollow, filthy, lousie, eating, sprea∣ding and ma∣lignant Ʋl∣cers.
• The Cure of a Fistula.
• The cure of a Callus ••lcer.
• The Cure of an excrescent Ʋl∣cer.
• The Cure of phleg∣monous and erysi∣pelated Ʋlcers.
• The Cure of Oedematous Ulcers.
• The Cure of a Gangreen.
• The Cure of Caries or foulness of Bones