The expert doctors dispensatory.: The whole art of physick restored to practice. The apothecaries shop, and chyrurgions closet open'd; wherein all safe and honest practices are maintained, and dangerous mistakes discovered; and what out of subtilty for their own profits they have indeavoured to reserve to themselves, now at last impartially divulged and made common. Together with a strict survey of the dispensatories of the most renowned colledges of the world ... Containing, ... the Latine names of all simples and compounds English'd. ... the vertues, qualities, properties, quantities, and uses of all simples and componnds [sic]. ...the way of prescribing remedies; ... the nature, qualities, and symptomes of all diseases ... cautions for the applying all both internal and external medicines. To which is added by Jacob a Brunn ... a compendium of the body of physick; wherein all the medicaments vniversal and particular, simple and compound, are fitted to the practice of physick; and these forms of remedies now before prescribed by the famous P. Morellus, ...

CHAP. VI. Of Medicinal Wines.

MEdicinal Wines as they were in use among the Antients, as may be seen in Dioscorides; so also are they now in frequent use, especially among the Northern people, and those which are curious pa∣lated; who abhorring both altering and purging Deco∣ctions, Syrups, infusions, and Potions, for their unplea∣santness, do more liberally admit this sort of Wines, stored with the virtues of the same simples, and that to good purpose, as wel because Wine doth plentifully draw forth the inmost virtues of things; as also because by the help of his most piercing spirit, conveighs them into the farthest parts speedil••; you may add also, that seeing many do fancy the taste of Wormwood-Wine, and use that, and that which is called Hypocras fa∣miliarly, divers purgers may be concealed under the taste of the Wine, so that they shal not finde it out; who without such a deceit would hardly take a purging Medicine.

A MEDICINAL WINE is that that hath drank up the virtues of divers simple Medicines infused in it; prepared either to alter or purge.

Hence it may be counted two-fold, one purging, the other altering.

Both these in general are compounded, 1. of Must or new Wine, such as can be had onely at the time of Vintage; and therefore you should then prepare) your Wine sufficient to serve a long time, viz. that it may

help chronical affections. It is made in this manner; the medicaments dryed and cleansed are grosly brui∣sed and sowed up in a thin linen sack or bagg; (either bigger or lesser, according as you prepare more or less Wine, or intend it for a shorter or longer time,) put them in a vessel ful of new Wine, so that it may hang in the middle of the Wine; let them boyl together; af∣terward let them work some dayes; and as your Must sinks put new to it to fil it; when it hath done working, the vessel being close stopped, let all things steep fifteen or twenty dayes; then let your Wine so cleansed be drawn into other vessels, (lest by too long steeping the ingredients should corrupt, and contract some ungrate∣ful, hurtful quality, and impart it to the Wine;) so lay it up for your use.

2. Or of Wine cleansed from the lees, and this may be prepared at any time, and therefore may be made in a less quantity as you please, (according as the present use requireth) after this manner; let your me∣dicaments being dryed and cleansed be somewhat grosly bruised, and put into a glazed vessel (either big∣ger or less according to the quantity you intend to make) putting to them of the best white Wine, (or o∣ther quick tasied) three, four, six or eight times their weight (or more, as you intend the dose to be great or little, or the coutinuance of it long or short) let all (the vessel being close stopped,) steep eight, 12, 15, or twen∣ty dayes (if it be prepared in a greater quantity;) otherwise, (if you make but little, and would use it sud∣denly,) for three or four dayes; afterwards strain it, and shift it into other vessels for your use; or else (to make it the more pleasant and palating) let it be strained thorow a Hypocras bagg, (if it be prepared in a smal quantity; else 'twil be better to infuse the following things in it after it is strained:) let it

let it be aromatized, and sweetned with s. q. of sugar, thus made, you ma•• call it either purging, or altering claret or hypocras, especially if it be arom••tized by much spice

But in special, because in either some things ••re to be specially observed, I wil treat of both, beginning with the purging Wine.

The Purging Medicinal Wine.

THat is called a Medicinal purging Wine which being impregnated with the virtues of divers purging sim••les, is prepared to purge either one humor alone or more

1. In regard o•• its composition it is either simple consisting of one simple Cathartick together with his correctors or commound, which is made of many pur∣gers together with their correct••rs, or in which are al∣so infused divers ••lterers, respecting the part affected or humor to be purg••d.

2. In respect of the quality of the purgers them∣selves, and the humers to be evacuated, one is an uni∣versal purger, others &c.

3. La••ly it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 made without sweetning or spicing, of the aforesaid things onely, and is simply called a purging Medicinal Wine; or else 'tis over and above swee••ned with Sugar, and seasoned with spice, and strained divers times thorow a Hypocras bagg: and is called purging Claret, or purging Hypocras (for that term absolutely taken signifies a Wine prepared for pleasure.)

In it three things are to be co••••i••lered, the Com∣position, the ••••se, and the profit.

In the COMPOSITION three things are to be examined.

1. The Wine of which 'tis made.

2. The things to be infused in it.

3. The things that are sometimes dissolved in it.

In all these we must consider both the quality and quantity.

The WINE in respect of its quality is either new and uncleansed, which is otherwise called Must, which is much commended for this pur∣pose, because by the protection of its colour, and working heat, the colour and taste of the ingredi∣ents are the better obscured; or else Wine cleans∣ed from the lees, and kept for use, either red or white.

But in relation to the quantity, this in general is limited by the use and dose; as, if the use be to continue long or short time, or the dose to be a larger or a Iess quantity; as thus, it may exceed the things that are to be infused, eight, six, four, or three times their weighty but those which add 12 times their weight do it in favour to them that love bibbing, perhaps not with respect to the in∣tention. And it wil be alwaies best to let the dose for a purging Wine be as little as you can in quantity, that it may be the less, and more ac∣ceptable.

But in special, they usually define the quantity of Wine and things to be infused in it, thus; A purging Wine that is to be prescribed is to be used twelve dayes, either together, or every other day; in which you must be sure to have twelve several doses of the purgers with their correctors, and if it ••e needful fit alterers; then must you compute the quantity of them all, as for example, suppose them 8 ounces, now if you

would have the dose o•• the Wine to be about an ounce and a half, or two ounces, prescribe it to 3 times their weight; and so for other quantities as you please; by the same way and reasons you may proceed as you see fit: but if the Wine be purely purging, made of the gentler sort of Catharticks, 'tis to be taken four, five, or six times, allowing requisite internals, as in the magisterial sy∣rups.

The things to be infused in respect of their qua∣lity, are 1. either purgers onely, with their corre∣ctors, (among which Cinnamom is chiefly used for pleasantness of the spice; as also Calamus Aroma∣ticus of the shops for its fragrant smel) either one or more: and these are to be chosen such as are not of a very strange and unpleasant taste; such are Senna, Polipody, Epithymum, black Hellebor, (especi∣ally for Melancholy persons) Carthamus, Turbith, Hermodactils, (for the phlegmatick) Scammony, Cassia, and Manna sometimes, (for the cholerick and sweet palated, though seldom) Me choacan, and the seeds of dwarf Elder, (for purging serous humors;) of the which Wines may be prepared to purge any humors; either of some of these single, or (for the mixture of humors, and complication of intent i∣ons) of divers joyned together.

2. Or else with them are also infused divers alterers dryed, as Woods, Roots, Barks, Leaves, Seeds, Flowers, spices either fewer or more, such as respect the humor, or part, whereby the wind is rendred more familiar to it, and generally the Germans (because they are pleased with it) mix wormwood with it.

In relation to the quantity (whether it be a simple purging Wine, or made of more things)

the number of doses for which the wine is prepar∣ed shal direct you, as for example: a Wine of Senna is desired for twenty doses; now the dose of Senna an infusion is half an ounce, or six drams; therefore ten ounces or fifteen of it is to be prescribed, ad∣ding correctors in the proportion aforesaid.

If the Wine be prepared of many purgers both gentle and strong, and also alterers joyned with them; this proportion is for the most part to be generally observed.

Of the gentle sort of purgers let there be one part.

Of the stronger sort, a quarter so much as com∣monly it is (though you may add them to a third part or to half, it matters not so you finde out the right dose of the Wine,) of Correctors, a quarter so much as of purgers, or else to a third part, if the purgers are the strongest sort.

Alterers should be half so much as the purgers, or a third part (if very effectual, as dryed Roots, Seeds, and Spices especially) marking this, that dryed Leaves are to be prescribed by handfuls, ounces, and drams; And flowers by pugils, and ounces also, and drams.

THINGS that are to be DISSOLVED, in respect of their quality (if perhaps the taste or smel doth not please the curious palated) are Sugar, some certain spices, especially Cinnamom, which are cast into the Wine (if it be much;) or if a smal quan∣tity, they are put into a Hypocras bag g, and the Wine often poured thorow them, and is made in∣to a purging Hypocras.

As to their quantity: for every pound of pur∣ging Wine you may add 3 ounces, or 4 ounces of Sugar, and two drams of Cinnamom; as the Apo∣zems,

Juleps. Hypocrass, &c. are wont to be made and aromatized.

As to the USE: in it two things are chiefly to be considered, how much, and when.

As to the quantity or dose of Wine to be drank which is not alwayes one but divers, and which (of whatsoever quantity of purgers or Wine you compose your Wine withal) you shal thus find out, and exactly define.

Measure your Medicinal Wine when you strain it, and shift the vessels, and by the measure collect the weight; or else by some other means; And (as for example) suppose it to be three pound, and this was made purgative with four ounces of Senna, two ounces of Polypody: of Epithymum and black Hellebor of each an ounce and a half, there being one ounce, or an ounce and half of corre∣ctors also added over and above; Now because all these infused suffice for seventeen doses, they are also sufficient for seventeen times; then if you divide it into so many doses, you may find it out without error, and the true dose of it wil be two ounces, if you would purge strongly, for once; but if you would purge often and gently for some dayes together, half that dose wil suffice.

As to the time when; because a Medicinal Wine is usually destined for tedious, stubborn, and especially cold affections, (such as many are that have had continuance from dreggy mucilagi∣nous humors) whose causes cannot suddenly, but must by little and little be taken away; therefore the use of it is to be continued for divers dayes (especially in the winter time, to 10, 15, or 20 together, or every other day, like the usual pils; so may this also be drank in the morning, or two

hours before dinner: but if it be not intended for this kinde of purging (which is called Epicrasis,) but that you would give it for once to work strongly; the use of it wil be the same as of your other eradicators in the morning, when the indi∣cation of purging shall require; or if it be pre∣scribed instead of your purging magisterial syrup the use is the same with that once or twice in a moneth, in the morning like other purgers.

The FORM of Prescribing may easily appear from the manner of compounding it.

The UTILITY: as to the benefit arising from this form, whether you look upon the virtues of the simples infused that are to be extracted, & which the Wine doth copioufly attract to it self, or the conveighing them into the most intimate parts of the body, by the help of its piercing spirit: or whether you consider the familiarity of it with our nature; which makes it be friendly received by her; or its formal essence, what affinity it hath by its very substance with the radical moisture, heat, and spirit of the solid parts of our body, for which cause it easily is converted into them, and united with them, carrying with it the virtues of those simples steeped in it, I say considering all these, it cannot but be to our great benefit: so that whether it be to purge, and seperate the dreg∣gy humors, confused with the rest of the humours, spirits, and solid parts, it can do it perfectly, by the familiarity it hath with our nature, whereby it may insinuate it self, and the virtues it is imbued withal; or whether it be to alter divers wayes, ei∣ther to cleanse away the relicks of the foregoing impurities, or restore the natural vigour by appro∣priat means, or to strengthen the parts: either of

these are this way effectually performed through the sympathy it hath with nature, and is united to it, together with the Medicinal virtues it car∣ries with it.

But though the benefit of Medicinal VVine be so great, yet 'tis not so frequently used in all re∣gions, nor at all times of the year; but is most u∣sual with them that inhabit cold Countries, and chiefly in the Winter, Spring, and Autumn.

In general, 'tis good in a cold time of the year, a cold Country, and cold temper of the body, &c. as is specially profitable in chronical affections, & a cold time of the year for delicate palated per∣sons, and is prescribed against paleness of colour, difficulty of breathing, confirmed obstructions of the bowels; and for them that are also paralytical, though VVine be forbidden to them, (in which respect wine made of Honey would be much better) in affections of the stomack, and weak∣nesse arising from crude cold humors, VVorm∣wood-wine made purging would be excellent.

The Medicinal altering Wine.

UNder the notion of altering Wines are contained Wines imbued with divers faculties, which both respect certain parts, break the relikes of humors left behinde blot out the remainder of diseases, and also specifically corroborate (as of simple Wines) are Sage wine for cold affections of the brain, Hysop and Elecampane wine for the Breast, and worm∣wood wine which is familiar to the stomack.) As al∣so they which evacuate, yet without a purger, (as Wines prescribed to move sweat, break the Stone, provoke Ʋrine, and the courses;) as also those which

excite, cherish, and confirm the virtues of the principal parts; as those which are made of spices to strength∣en.

And this is (as the purging Wine) in respect of its composition either simple or compound.

In respect of its essect, either altering the body, hu∣mors, or spirits, in the first second or third qualities or else strengthening.

Moreover, 'tis made either without sweetning, or spicing, and is simply called a Medicinal altering Wine; or else is seasoned with such things, and let often run thorow a Hypocras bagg, as above, and is cal∣led a Claret or Hypocras, although these names belong to such as are made for pleasure.

In it three things are to be weighed, the Compo. only sition, the Ʋse, and the Ʋtility.

The COMPOSITION is the same with that of the purging Wine; either 'tis made with Must, (when the use is to continue long, for the alter∣ing of chronical and stubborn affections,) & one simple medicament dryed; or of more, respecting the affection, humor, and part affected with a particular propriety; or else with wine defe∣cated.

But what ought to be the proportion of the must, and dryed ingredients, is before declared in the purging wine; yet you may add (because altering wines may be taken in a larger quantity, and ought to be so) a greater quantity of wine then in the former, to ten times, or a 11 times the quanti∣ty of the ingredients.

But the quantity both of wine and ingredients is to be limited by the dose that is to be taken ei∣ther greater or less, by the short or long conti∣ance of its use. Lastly by the quality of the sim∣ples,

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either weak, or effectual, as that which spices in art to it.

We have said before that this sort of Wines when they are passed thorow a hypocrass bagg, and sweetned, are called clarets.

Hither also belongs that which is otherwise called Hypocras absolutely, which is also cor∣roborating, composed of divers spices, pleasant both in smel and taste; as of Cinamom, Ginger, Grains of paradise, Cardamomes, Pepper, infused to two drams in one pound of claret Wine, for some hours, afterwards strained thorow a Hypo∣cras bagg divers times, adding sugar s. q. viz: two ounces or three ounces; but '••is generally ma••e Iess compounded of Cinamom only, but if in stead of sugar the Wine be relished with hony, 'twil be vere profitable in cold affections, where vvine alone is hurtfull, as in the Palsey, &c. the honey working most effectually; and this is called Oeno∣mel, or honied Wine; and also Mulsum, which the Ancients used much, made of one part of honey, and two or three parts of VVine, Spices also being added if need required, either to the quantity of half a part, or to one fourth part, or one fifth part.

The USE contains these two questions: how much, and when?

As to the time when, it may be given every day, or every other day, or interposing a longer time, according as the disease requires, 1, two or three hours before dinner.

As to the quantity or dose, that is moderated according to the quality and quantity of the in∣gredients, and the divers proportion of the wine they are infused in; as when the ingredients infu∣sed 〈1 page missing〉〈1 page missing〉

In it three things are to be considered, Com∣position, Ʋse, and utility.

In the COMPOSITION also three.

1. The matter of which stamped the milky juyce is drawn forth of.

2 The liquor with which it is milked out.

3. Things to be dissolved in it.

In all these the quality and quantity are to be considered.

The MATTER in relation to its quality are both fruits, as Almonds, viz: the sweet, blanched, and also seeds, viz. the 4 greater cold seeds, of which emulsions are every where usually made.

To these are sometimes added both fruits, as the kernels of pine nuts in affections of the breast, or where we would moysten, and also restore, as in Hectick; and also seeds, as usually of white pop∣py, Lettuce, and Purslane, when we would either-provoke sleep, or cool more effectually, or thicken thin & hot humors, and temper their acrimony.

In respect of their quantity, both fruits and seeds are in general prescribed from one ounce to three ounces, but in special, there may be of fruits, an ounce and half or two ounces; of seeds, one ounce, or an ounce and half.

The LIQUOR with which this milky sub∣stance is drawn forth, in relation to his quality is either fair water, or some simple distill'd wat∣er; or usually the decoction of whole Barley, es∣pecially where we desire to cleanse; or ptisan, that is, the second decoction of huld barly, after the first w••ter is thrown away, or else the decoction of li∣quorice, where we, would lenifie; or the decoction of other pleasant things tending to the same pur∣pose.

In regard of the quantity for every particular dose, three ounces, or four ounces wil suffice; hence (because Emulsions are for the most part prepar∣ed only for three doses, for 'twil not be kept longer without corrupting) you may prescribe 9 ounces, or one pound.

Things to be DISSOLVED, in relation to their quality, are sometimes Sugar alone; or as it is ge∣nerally received, some fit Syrup pleasant to the taste, that may moisten, lenifie, and cool, as Syrup of Violets, and Maidenhair.

Sometimes to make it the more pleasant, there is added some Rose-water.

They also which dissolve Manus Christi made and with Pearls do very wel.

As to the quantity of sweetners, one ounce, or an ounce and half at most wil serve for one dose; an ounce, or an ounce and half of Rose-water wil serve for the whole Emulsion, and a dram of Manus Christi for every dose.

The USE: in it three things are to be consi∣dered, the manner how, the quantity how much, and the time when.

As to the manner; 'tis taken either by it self in the form of a drink, or else 'tis often prescribed; 3 ounces, or 4 ounces of it with the broth of a chick altered with appropriat things.

As to the quantity, the dose is apparent by what is already said.

As to the time when; 'tis taken morning and evening; and if it be prescribed to procure sleep, then at the time of going to sleep.

The FORM of prescribing, ℞ &c. let them be beaten in a marble Mortar, pouring to them by little and little, &c. in the strained Liquor dis∣solve,

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&c. so make an Emulsion for three or 4 doses, to be used as aforesaid.

The UTILITY: an Emulsion is not only pre∣scribed to lenifie and asswage the affections of the Breast and Lungs, especially the hot and dry; the burning of the Reins, and Bladder, sharpness of Urine, and Gonorrhea, as they usually wil have it; but to other uses also: against thirst, and to temper heat in any hot diseases; and therefore is most peofitable in burning continual Fevers, to temper the drought of them that alwayes accom∣panieth such diseases; therefore are they very usual in the Hecticks, and to provoke sleep; and alter in Fevers or any hot distempers instead of Apo∣zems.

Generally 'tis used to lenifie, cool, and moisten.