The Scotch military discipline learned from the valiant Swede, and collected for the use of all worthy commanders favouring the laudable profession of armes: By Major Generall Monro, being novv generall of all the Scotch forces against the rebels in Ireland, communicates his abridgement of exercise, in divers practicall observations for the younger officers better instruction; ending with the souldiers meditations going on in service.

The thirty-fourth Duty discharged at Nurenberg, and of the occur∣rences there.

HIS Majesty having Recognosced the City and situation thereof, finding his Forces weake in respect of the enemies, he resolved to take all the advantage he could in setting downe his Leaguer, for the preservation of his Army, and the safety of the City, and therefore he caused to draw the draught of the Leaguer to goe in a circular Orbe, [ V] round the whole City, the water running through the middest of it; The Lea∣guer begun at the East, without the Suburbes called in Dutch Marke, were towards the South, to the part called Lightenhooffe; where his Majesties quarter was, and from thence towards the west, to the Townes new workes, crossing over the water; This Leaguer being accomplished in ten dayes, and in full defence, with strong Skonces, Redoutes, Fossies, batte∣ries, and being well fortified round with Stakkets, without the Fossie; and at all sorting Ports, being well foreseene with slaught homes and triangles; well fastened and close; His Majesty then upon the North fide of the City, made the retrenchment goe likewise round the City, being also well fortified with strong Skonces and Fossies, from the East unto the West, beginning at the Marke Flect Were, and going round the Inden boole, even to St. Iohn, and the water closed: Above the water on the hight, was made a great Skonce, and another great Skonce was made in the corner at Gostenhooffe, with deepe water graffes, having workes without it againe, and halfe moones: also before Steeneboole, over against Schwonnaw there was another Skonce, fast and strong: Likewise at the backe of the Dorpe Steene∣boole,

towards the Leaguer, there was another strong Skonce made: likewise towards the wood at the South, on the street called Rottenbacherstreete there was made an extraordinary strong Skonce, set about with foure cros∣sed Stakkets, of strong timber, so that there was no meanes to storme it; the like was made on the streete called Altoffer streete. These workes, Skon∣ces and Redoutes being accomplished, a great number of Cannon great and small, were brought on the workes; the Batteries all ready, there could be reckoned in the Leaguer about this Towne, without the walls, of Cannon on their Carriages, above three hundred, great and small.

Our Leaguer thus fortified, the Emperiall Army led by the Duke of Fridland Walestine joyned with the Duke of Bavaria his Forces, consisting both of fifty thousand men, having the first of Iuly taken in Schawbach; the second day after they drew towards the Dorpe called Steyne over against Nurenberg, which doth lie about a Dutch mile from the Towne; there they begun to pitch a Leaguer, and from Steyne towards the Flockt called Zern∣dorfe, the Leaguer being well fortified, on the seventh of Iuly, the Duke of Fridland made his Leaguer also towards Zerndorfe on the top of the hill called Altberg; [ W] wherein he tooke, for an advantage, an old ruinous and waste Castle, neere which there lay a hunting house in the wood, on the top of the hill over against the Fleckt-Fort, which was called the old strength in Dutch, This Fort he caused strongly to pallisade without the workes, with Fossies and Stakkets without the fossie, other great and strong Skon∣ces; he caused to make, and divers other strong Skonces on the old hill, the Fossies and brest workes were all fortified with great and strong Trees, and within the workes, were severall barrells or hogsheads filled with sand and stones for throwing, placed on the Batteries, and by this strong and great Leaguer Valestine did cut off from his Majesties Army and the Towne of Nurenberg all kinde of victualls or provision, could come unto them by the Axile, thinking thereby to blocke up his Majesties Army force∣ing him to take another resolution, and then he thought to compell the Kings Majesty to a peace, according to his minde.

These two Armies thus incamped and set downe opposite one against ano∣ther, they begun all of them, as they went forth in the country about, to steale, to rob, to plunder and to spoile the whole country, for to supply with victualls and other furniture these two great new-founded Cities of short continuance, though it is certaine, many of them did get life-rent-lea∣ses of their new built houses.

Thus having set downe the manner of both the Armies incamping, we lay still one against another a long time, neither giving nor offering offence one to another, except it were by meere accident in the country, amongst stragling troopes. Neverthelesse though we looked on each others, we had our watches night and day, before one anothers noses, without loosing of one Pistoll, or without one Alarum in two moneths time, as if in effect there were a Stil-stand of Peace.

During this time we were thus looking one to another, the Spaniard find∣ing his Majesty with the maine Army farre off, [ X] he resolved to take his time in the Paltz, and crossing the Mosel againe towards Alzie; his Excellence the Rex-chancellour Oxensterne having intelligence of their coming, he did bring his horsemen over the Rhine and suffered the Spaniard to draw neere

Mentz, and then marched unto them; in the meane time the Spanish Gene∣rall Comissary Lookas Cagro did breake up with twelve Companies of horse, giving orders to the rest to follow him, of intention to fall unlooked for on the Rhine-graves quarter; But he did count without his Hoste, the Rhinegraves folke being betimes acquainted of their coming, and to their helpe, ha∣ving got a supply timely sent unto them by his Excellence the Rex chancel∣lour, the enemy was so welcomed by them, that he was put in confusion, and then chased so hard, that there were a hundred and twenty killed unto him, many taken prisoners, and seven Standards of theirs were taken, as Trophees of the Rhine-graves victory over them.

In revenge whereof shortly after, the Grave son Ridberg with a strong party of horse and foote did fall upon that part of the Paltz, called Hundsrucke betwixt the Mosell and the Noe, and coming on Spier, where the Swedens Colonell called Hornegt without any resistance gave over Spier, notwith∣standing of a succourse was sent unto him from Mentz that was at had: whereupon the Colonell was afterwards brought prisoner to Mentz, to be adjudged there for his evill carriage.

The Spaniard taking out of Spier Cannon, Amunition and Armes, with all that could be found, together with a great deale of mony exacted from the Burgers, he had also an intention on Wormes, but in vaine, being strong∣ly beset with the Swedens forces, so that the Spaniards at this time, as many times before, were forced to quit the Paltz, and to draw backe againe into Holland; and the States Army being come to lie before Mastricht, were for∣ced to breake up from Spier with their Army, [ Y] and whole bagg••ge and Can∣non: The Swedens getting notice of their upbreaking, desirous to convey them, the Rex-chancellor and Palsgrave Christian breakes up from Mentz towards Altson, and the next day they came to Belchin, two miles from the part the Spaniard had broken up from, and following them hard till they got sight of the Spanish Army, which the Spaniard perceiving directs his baggage before, and drew up in battaile on a plaine neere a wood, where in∣continent they were brought in disorder by the Swedens, that they were forced with the losse of three Cornets and some foote, to retire into the wood, and finding the whole Swedens Army following up, they resolved with one consent by flying to save themselves were their best, and taking the night to their helpe, they marched so hard as they could. But yet the Swedens continued their march after them, till the Spaniard coming to a passe in the hills, threw off the brid∣ges behinde them; Neverthelesse the Swedens repaired the bridges and followed hard after, and by Lantericke came in sight of them againe, that neither day nor night were they suffered to rest, so that the Spaniard was forced to burne some of his baggage on his march, and some he left to the Swedens, that they might, the lighter they were, come the easier off: in the end a part of them by Lante∣rick was attrapped by the Rhine-graves Horsmen, where some were cut downe and their baggage taken. The Spaniard thus in great feare, and confounded by the hastinesse of his march, and the Swedens wearied with long following, were content at last, the Spaniards should goe their way with so little reputati∣on out of the Paltz, at their last good night, having lost above two thousand men and their whole Baggage.

By this time also the Boores in Schwabland againe began to be tumultuous and unquiet, so that by Kempten, they drew together very strong, [ Z] of full intention to chase the Swedens out of their lands. But this uproare continued

but short; for when the Swedens Forces drew out of the Garrisons, they killed the most part, and drove the rest unto woods, to seeke their food with the Swine, in burning a number of their Dorpes, to give them worke to thinke on against the winter, to build new houses, or to dwell in woods: but repenting their Rebellion, they turned their Armes against their owne Masters, that moved them to rise against the Swedens: and cutting off a num∣ber of them, they possessed their houses, turning good Swedens againe, being beaten with the rod of Correction in their bodies and meanes.

By this time Duke Barnard of Wymar, with his Troopes did cut off above five hundred men of Leopoldus folke by Fussen on the Leacke, where he caused to demolish sundry Skonces made up by the Country-Boores, in time of their uproare, and divers of their skinnes were pierced by Musket and Pi∣stoll, till they were taught to be more sober and quiet, on their owne char∣ges; and after this uproare was setled, the Leopoldish Boores againe out of Tyroll recollected stronger Forces, and marched towards the Leacke againe on Fussen, and Lansberg, both strong passes, and got them in; yet in the end all turned to a slight conclusion: for Duke Barnard of Wymar againe, having come upon them with his Forces; First he tooke in Lansberg, and then on the sixteenth of Iuly, he cut off two Companies of Leopoldish Dragoniers, and a Troope of Horsemen, by a Towne called Rosshaupten, where few or none did escape, and in the end, marching on Fussen, having stormed the Towne, they cut off above three hundred of the Garrison, and tooke prisoners ele∣ven hundred with their Officers; and a number of the Country Gentlemen, that were Papists, and sought to save themselves in that strength, were de∣ceived, their Colours being taken from them, and above a thousand of their Souldiers were forced to take service.

By this time also a little Flecke, [ G] Freidberg in Schwabland neere to Ausburg, treacherously having called some Crabbats of the enemies to their assistance, they murthered all the Swedens safeguards that lay thereabout; whereupon the Swedens Forces, to be revenged on them, did fall upon the Flecke, or little Towne, and killed all the male-kinde they could finde, and taking their wives and children out of the Towne to the fields, they set the Towne on fire; so that there is no memory left of this Towne, for their perfidiousnesse to those they got to save them from the injuries of others.

I hope the Reader will excuse this extravagancie of discourse, seeing all this time we lay idle at Nurenberg, being sometimes without imployment in our calling, I thought better to collect at this time somewhat of the actions of others, than to be altogether idle. Therefore I crave pardon againe, to tell as yet somewhat that happened about this time in the neather Saxon Creitzis, which I set downe in paper, as his Majestie was informed of it, we being then at Nurenberg without hostile employment.

By this time the Earle of Papenhaim, [ A] a worthy brave fellow, though he was our enemy, his valour and resolution I esteemed so much of, that it doth me good to call his vertuous actions somewhat to memory, and the successe he had at this time in warlike and martiall exployts, in the neather Saxon Creitzis. First then he had not onely offended the Hessen and Lunenburg, but also by skirmish he made them feele the dint of the valour, which accompa∣nied him unto his death; and as they felt his skill in the fields by fighting disbanded in skirmish, so also they were made to understand his experience in beleaguering of Townes, having taken in before their noses, their Armie

being neere unto him, Eynbeck and divers places more, and then having re∣creued his Armie againe out of Westfalia, he then marched on Stoade, and re∣lieved it before Generall Tott his nose, that lay before it, and about it; and all things succeeding still well with him, he not alone relieved the Towne in making the Swedens to quit it, but also cut off unto them fifteene hundred men, which were but Novices, being new levied; and he did get divers colours of theirs, as Trophees of his victorie; amongst others he did get three co∣lours of Colonell Monro of Obstell his Regiment, which were then led by Captaine Francis Sinclaire, who after a little skirmish had with the enemie, their powder being spent, and they environed by the horsemen, knowing of no rel••••fe, tooke quarters for the Souldiers, and the Officers were prisoners, being long kept unrelieved at Minden, above a yeare and a halfe; but the Captaine having ransom'd himselfe came loose soone after he was taken; but two Lievetenants Monro, and Ensigne Monro remained eighteen moneths lon∣ger in prison.

Papenhaim after relieving of Stoade, having gotten intelligence, that Duke Francis Carolus of Saxon Lovanburg had come to the Swedens, with two strong Regiments, of intention to blocke up Stoade againe, the Swedens growing still stronger and stronger, so that it was thought Papenhaim was inclosed as in a snare or grinne, and which was worse, that he was scarce of victuals in the Towne, and the Towne not strong enough to hold out, he then resolved to quit it, taking out with him the Emperiall Garrison that was therein, and taking his march againe towards the Weser streame; so that he leaving it, the Swedens patronizing the Towne they did beset it againe with a Garrison.

Shortly after this brave fellow rencountring againe with some Hessen troopes, he did sore beate them also backe and side. [ B] By this time Generall Lievetenant Bawtishen had got the Command of the Swedens Army, after Generall Tott had quit it; who incontinent after followed Papenhaim towards the Weser; But this brave fellow Papenhaim not for feare of Bawtish comming, but being called by the Infanta for ayde, crossed the Weser; and comming on the River of Rhine, continued his march towards Mastricht to assist the Spaniard in their need. This brave Commander, as he was full of action, so he was still employed, and I was sorry he was not of my minde in serving the good cause.

Papenhaim gone to Mastricht, Lunenburg, and Generall Bawtish (under whom was my brother Colonell Monro of Obstell) they returned towards Du∣derstat, which Papenhaim had strongly beset before his going away, and they neverthelesse got it in with little paines, by reason the Souldiers, that were therein, being fifteene hundred begunne to mutine, and to give themselves o∣ver unto the Swedens service; after this they commanded some forces to blockquer Wolfembittle, wherein the Duke of Lunenburg in person was em∣ployed; And Generall Major King, being with some forces employed on a Poste apart, the Duke hearing the enemie was marching strong, for the reliefe of the Towne, he did breake up, and marched away for his owne safetie, without advertizing Generall Major King of the danger he was left unto, by the enemies approaching so strong, till in the end they came so neere to the Generall Majors Poste, having no conshaft of them, till they had strongly invironed him with their horsemen, so that the Generall Major finding no passage open, he being pursued did valourously with a few men defend themselves, till in end being weakest, they were made to yeeld, where

after divers wounds honourably received, the Generall Major was taken prisoner, and kept long under cure, till that after he ransomed himselfe, and being come loose againe, he levied more Forces of horse and foote for the Swedens service, to be the better revenged of his enemies, and after that fortunately and valourously behaved himselfe, with the generall applause as well of strangers as of his Country-men; being also well reported of by his very enemies, so that since his vertues and noble carriage have still ad∣vanced his credit, which for my part, I wish to continue, he being now Lievetenant Generall.

Having thus farre spoken of the passages, which occurred by this ••••me in the neather Saxon Creitzis, I returne againe to shew the rest of our intelligence at Nurenberg, come from the Bishopricke of Tryer on the Rhine; where also on divers occasions did passe some rare accidents.

This Bishop having concluded a Neutralitie with his Majestie of France, as also with his Majestie of Sweden, but seeing the Spanish not to remove, neither yet that the principalls of the Gentry of the Land were willing to embrace the Neutralitie: Neverthelesse, the Bishop remained in his former resolution, and the Strength called vulgarly Hermensteyne, he gives it to the French, so that they being so neere, in neighbour-hood to the Spaniard in Coblentz, they did agree together as Catts and Ratts: in the end the French seeing the Spanish Garrison growing weake day by day, the Swedens by ver∣tue of their confederacie with the French, [ C] they came in for their owne hand, as third men, and drawing before Coblentz, after a short beleaguering, they make the Spaniard quit it, and getting of the Citie a summe of money, they remove, giving the Citie over unto the French: the Spaniard after lo∣sing of Coblentz, Mountebowre, Engers, and other places thereabouts belong∣ing to the Bishopricke of Tryer, they goe their wayes.

The Feltmarshall Gustavus Horne, being by this time sent by his Majestie from Nurenberg towards the Rhine streame, to make resistance to the Em∣perialists beginnings there; comming towards Trarbach on the Mosell with his Forces, being the passe the Spaniard was wont to crosse at, to come unto the Paltz; after a short beleaguering, he got in the Towne and Castle by Accord, and then retired unto the Maine to draw more Forces together, and from thence continued his march towards Manheime, of intention to joyne with the Duke of Wirtenberg, for to make resistance to Ossa and the Em∣perialists, which were recollecting themselves strongly in Elsas againe, ha∣ving understood Ossa was joyned with three Regiments of the Catholique League, the Grave Fon Brunckharst his Regiment of horse; as also the free Here Fon Rollingen his Regiment, and Colonell Metternight his Regiment of foote, which were levied for the defence of Coblentz; but shortly after, through the alteration that happened in those quarters, were brought unto Elsas; and being joyned to twenty-five Companies of Horse, and some Re∣giments more of foote, they crossed the Rhine unto Turlooh, and further unto Brittenie, where they compell'd the Swedens Garrison there, being two hun∣dred, to take service of them, and then plundered out the Towne, burnt the Ports, and demolished a part of the walles, being in Wirtenberg-land.

The Grave Fon Mountecueule was Generall over these folkes, who per∣ceiving that the Duke of Wirtenberg with some new levied Forces had passed over Kinbis, he retired upon Kintlingen, and scaling the Towne, puts three hundred to the sword, plundered all out, and burnt all the Towne to three houses.

By this time the Garrison of Heidelberg coming towards Wisloch, where∣in did lie a Company of Dragoniers, and a Troope of Horse of the Mark-grave Fon Tourlochs folke beleaguers it, and by casting fire in the Towne sets three houses on fire, whereof the Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne being made fore-seene, he with all his Forces did breake up, and marched; the Heidelbergish Garrison being acquainted with this advancement of the Felt∣marshalls, they incontinent retired in great haste on Heidelberg, and having before their up-breaking from Heidelberg desired succours from Ossa and Mountecucule, their Corporall and six Horsemen at their backe coming be∣ing taken prisoners by the Swedens, the Feltmarshall did finde by their Let∣ters, that on the sixt of August, their whole Horsemen had appointed Ran∣dezvouz at Metternigh, to goe for Wisloch, whereupon his Excellence did draw neere to their Randezvouz place, and attended their coming, being unlooked for by them, in the meane time the Empertalists were advertised, that th••se of Heidelberg had got in Wisloch, and were againe blocked up by some Swe∣dens Forces, whereupon Ossa, Mountecucule, the Colonell Mountelabam, and Witzone, with the fore-Troopes of Horse, being a thousand Horse, march on for the Reliefe, and unlooked for were pursued by the Swedens, whereof two hundred, among whom was the Colonell Mountelaban and other Officers, were killed, many taken, and the rest all scattered. Whereupon Ossa and Mountecucule, with the rest of the folke, [ D] that were lying at Oberhawsen and Rhinehawsen, in all haste did set over the Rhine at Philipsburg. The Feltmar∣shall followed hard, and finding he could get no more of them, he returned over the Rhine againe, and getting the Strasburg passe Rhinebroucke, he held on his march further unto Elsas with the Horsemen, during which time his foote Forces with the Wirtenbergers beleaguered the passe Stolhossen, and getting it in by Accord, they marched five thousand strong over at Strasburg unto up∣per Elsas, whereat the Emperialists were mightily afraid, and without night or dayes rest they marched towards Colmarschletstad, Brisach, in the upper El∣sas in all haste, by taking them to those parts for their Retreate, but the Swe∣dens following them hot-foote, they tooke in divers places, and made good bootie on their march, and at last, after in-taking of Offenburg by Accord, they marched then towards Bentfield, the B••••••op his chiefe Strength, and be∣leaguered it.

By this time also, Feltmarshall Arnheim leading the Saxons Armie, did fall in strong into Silesia, taking in Groseglogaw, and other parts thereabouts, and all the Emperialists marched towards him with a strong and mightie Armie. There were incontinent certaine Swedish and Brandeburgh forces joyned with Arnheim, who did set on the Emperialists by Steinove, beate them in the fields, and followed them unto Brisloe; and then after the Emperialists intrenched themselves betwixt Bresloe and the Oder. Neverthelesse, they were hunted up againe by the Swedens and Saxons, who followed them from place to place, and did get the Thumbe at Bresloe, where they did get great bootie from the Emperialists, and not contented with this, the Swedens and Saxons followed them over the River at Ollawe, and did set on the Emperialists againe, not farre from Wintsloe, obtaining a great victory over them againe, where many brave fellowes were taken prisoners, many also were killed, and the rest scat∣tered; so that the Swedens and Saxons were Masters of the greatest part of Silesia, and they made the Towne of Bresloe to accommodate themselves in confederacy, on certaine Conditions, with the Swedens and Saxons, while as

we at Nurenberg for six weekes together uved no great hostilitie, but lay se∣cure within our Leaguers, as within walled Townes, but at such times as we were commanded forth, as Convoyes for our Horsemen, that went for for∣rage, and then sometimes we lighted on one another, striving alwayes for el∣bowroome, whereof at length the Emperialists made us very crimpe or scarce, having but one quarter of our Leaguer free, to bring in our forrage, being onely from the Southwest.