The Scotch military discipline learned from the valiant Swede, and collected for the use of all worthy commanders favouring the laudable profession of armes: By Major Generall Monro, being novv generall of all the Scotch forces against the rebels in Ireland, communicates his abridgement of exercise, in divers practicall observations for the younger officers better instruction; ending with the souldiers meditations going on in service.

The twenty sixth Duty discharged of the accidents occurred in our warres during our lying in Mentz.

THIS following discourse, being no direct part of the discharge of duty intended of the Regiment: neverthelesse for lacke of emploiment in my calling, at that time being idle in Garrison, I remarked, so farre as I could by report, the actions of others, as they occurred then, being out of acti∣on my selfe; yet I can affirme, what I relate will be found true; if not, let me be no more blamed than those that gave the intelligence.

His Majesty having gone to meete the Queene being come from Leipsigh to Hanow, the twenty second of Ianuary 1632. [ G] his Majesty conveyed the Queene to Francfurt, where all the Cannons went off, after their entries. At this time also, the Rex-chancellour Oxensterne came from Spruce, conveyed by our coun∣triman Sr. Patrick Ruthven, then eldest Colonell of Scots under his Majesty, be∣ing then Governour of Mariburg, and Colonell of a Dutch Regiment lay there, with whom did come fro Spruce Lievetenant Colonel Hugh Hamilton, who was Lievetenant Colonell then to Sr. George Cuningham his Regiment of Scots that lay in Spruce. Captaine Mongomery came also with them, who soone after was made Lievetenant Colonell to a free Squadron of foote, and after that was kil∣led in combat on horsbacke by the Generall Quarter-master Bullion, at first Cap∣taine under me. At this time also came with him Quarter-master Sandelence, who afterwards was Captaine Major and Lievetenant Colonell, having ascen∣ded by degrees, according to worth and deserving.

The Chancellor being come, his Majesty and he sat ordinarily all day in coun∣sell, [ H] treating on weighty matters; At which time, the Cullens Ambassadour was treating apart with his Majesty for neutrality, affirming he had given no as∣sist••nce to the last League, neither yet was he of the League; As also he affir∣med that at the last Westphalia convention he refused assistance to the rest of the League: his Majesty replied to the Cullens Ambassadour, how hardly and un∣christianly they had dealt with the Evangelists Stends, worse then if they had bin Iewes or Turkes, in taking their Churches from them, and in banishing them∣selves. Neverthelesse there were some Articles proposed unto them concerning the Neutrality (viz.) First of all, molesting the Evangelists, under whatsoever pretence, to be abolished and put away. Secondly the free liberty of the Religi∣on to be granted and suffered, and that the Students of the Religion should be taken aswell in the Colleges as the Papists. Thirdly, in all Cities, the Evange∣lists to be as free to traffique as the Papists. Fourthly, they should give no assi∣stance unto the Kings Majesties enemies, nor no contribution, nor Bills to an∣swer monies on exchange. Fifthly, to give free passage through their land aswell to his Majesties Army, as to his enemies, not to hinder them of it, both alike. Sixthly, that his Majesty of Swedens servants should have the Passes open, when they pleased to passe and repasse. Seaventhly, that his Majesties Agents might lie at Cullen to see the Neutrality were justly observed. Eightly, that his Majesty of Sweden his friends and confederats, should have free traffique in their Townes and Territories.

The Cullens Ambassadour returned from Francfurt with these sleight points to be granted by their Bishop. The Swedens were come so neere Cullen that the Superiours were reprehended for it by the Clergy out of the Pulpits; [ I] for giving such liberty to Hereticks to come againe so neere unto their jurisdictions.

By this time the Landgrave of Hessen with his Army, being neere ten thousand strong of horse and foote, for our assistance did lie on the other side of the Rhine over against us, and from thence they fell strong on the Spaniards which were in Rinckoe, making them also quit those parts, and the inhabitants for feare, forsa∣king their houses, his Majesty promised them his gracious protection to stay and remaine in their hou••es, they paying their weekely contribution, which they payed before to the Bishop of Mentz.

Being here also at Mentz, the French Ambassadour Idid see get audience. The reason of his coming being to shew his Majesty of Sweden, that the Kings Maje∣sty of France was offended, his Majesty of Sweden had crost the Rhine against his paction, [ K] and confederacy made with the King of France, and therefore desired he should retire againe with his Army. His Majesty answered he did but prose∣cute his enemy, and if his Majesty of France was offended, he could not helpe it, and those that would make him retire over the Rhine againe, it behooved them to doe it with the sword in their hand, for otherwise he was not minded to leave it but to a stronger; & if his Majesty of France should anger him much, he knew the way to Paris, and he had hungry Souldiers would drinke wine, and eate with as good a will in France as in Germany. Therefore he hoped his Majesty would be better advised in sending the next Ambassage in milder termes. This inter∣change of message went betwixt them, till at last, they were setled on secondary conditions of a new League offensive and defensive.

At this time the Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne tooke in Mergenhem on the Sawler streame, [ L] Hailburne, on the Necker, Wmpviniphen, and Necker Olin.

Likewise Kunickstene in the Vetre, was taken in by accord after Mentz, as also

the Spaniard left Vieitzler, and Geylhousen, leaving them both unto the Sweden, without shot of Musket or Cannon.

His Majesty at this time, caused publish an Edict, where all Marchants of whatsoever Religion, or Nation they were of, should be free to passe and repasse with their goods to the Francforder Masse, and that none of his Majesties Army of whatsoever condition they were, either of horse or foote, should trouble them, under paine of death, where the concealer of the wrong being got notice of should be punished to death, as the Actor.

Likewise the twelfth of Ianuary, Babenhousen was taken in by accord, by his Majesties order and direction, and in the end of December, Manhem was taken in by Duke Barnard of Wymar, having surprized their guards, where about two hundred and fifty were cut off, of the strangers, and quarters and service given to the Dutch; where a Captaine and his Ensigne were taken prisoners, and let loose againe, for the paiment of their Ransome, and being come to Heidelberg they were executed by the Governours direction there, for over-seeing their du∣ties, and these of the League, lying at Heidelberg were mightily troubled with the neeren••sse of the Swedens neighbour-hood, having gorten Manhem, their pas∣sage unto the Rhine was altogether cut off from them. Likewise the Spaniard did quit Garmarsham, and retiring to Franckendale they had no more in the Paltz but that and Heidelberg, His Majesty wonderfully having gotten in Creutznach, and the Castle.

Where the valorous courage of my Lord Craven, a Noble and worthily re∣nowned English Lord, was, to his great commendation, taken notice of by both the Kings. For he, out of affection and desire to advance the cause, following his Majesty of Bohemia of worthy memory, at the storming of the workes at Creutznach (in sight of his Majesty of Sweden) leading up his Company of Vo∣luntiers, to the good example of others, gave outward testimony of his inward courage; in so much that his Majesty of Sweden and all the beholders openly extolled his Lordships noble & praise-worthy carriage; for having endeavoured so farre as lay in him, on this exploit, to make his memory out-live himselfe. As afterward his Lordship did shew his prowesse & Heroicke spirit at the intaking of Donavert. Where he did merit so much, that I having reason to have said more, could say no lesse. His worth being knowne, his affection to the cause, & his respects to his Majesty of Bohemia whom he followed, merits a well deser∣ving reward from his Majesties Royall Issue.

Before Creutznach Lievetenant Colonell Talbot was killed: and the worthy Captaine Dowglas was shot in the arme.

Colonell Alexander Ramsey was placed Governour of Creutznach by his Maje∣sty of Swedē, as a beginning of reward for his old service & attendance, who loved nothing better than nobly and kindly to entertaine his friends and strangers, be∣ing the common receptacle and refuge of all his Country-men, that liked to honour him with their company: As also he was most willing to entertaine and respect strangers of the best quality, and most of all he was peremptory in maintaining his Countries credit, obliging all Cavaliers to his power: but most unwilling to be beholden to others, carrying still a noble minde.

At this time, his Majesty being in Mentz, Bingen, Bagherach on the Rhine, and Shaule, were taken in by Scalade, with a surprise by the Scots of Sir Iames Ramseys Regiment, where those within were thrice stronger than those pursued them, but being once entred the Towne, the Inhabitants assisting the Scots, they put all to the sword, except the Officers that were taken Prisoners

by Major Hanan, a Gen••leman of much worth, valour, and discretion in Command, whos•• losse was much lamented, he, having died soone after of a Consumption, was much regrated of all his acquaintance, and of my selfe in particular, being my old Camerade.

At this time also the Towne of Spier came under his Majesties protection and devotion, and leavied three Companies for his Majesties service; Lan∣daw also and Crowneweisenburg ••id become good Swe••ens. Landstall was taken in also by storme, through the helpe of the Country Boores; shortly after was Elwangen, Oberwesell, Papart, and Lovensteene taken in by accord. Also the Castle of Erenfells, and the Towle-house over against Bingen was taken in by the Landgrave of Hessens folke.

By his time was Damets in Maclenburg given over by Accord, [ N] unto Gene∣rall Major Lowhowsen; as also W••smer on he Bal••ick Coast w••s taken in by Accord the tenth of Ianuary 1632. And the Gar••••••••on marched out three thousand strong, being commanded by Colonell Grame, who having buried some Cannon, robbed the shippes, and tooke away against Accord a number of Armes. Likewise on his march unto Silesia, he killed a Swedens Lievete∣nant; but being followed, the Swedens (at the command of Generall ••ott) Generall Major Lowhowsen having overt ken them, five hundred were kil∣led, and two thousand taken prisoners that tooke service; and Colonell Grame was sent prisoner to Gripswald, to remaine there till further try∣all.

By this time also, [ O] Generall Tott his Army marched over the Elve to∣wards Luneburg, being neere foureteene thousand strong of foote and horse, under whom were severall Scots Regiments come from Scotland the Harvest before (viz.) Sir Iames Lumsdells Regiment, to whom Robert Stewart was Lievetenant Colonell. The Master of Forbesse his Regiment, to whom Sir Arthur Forbesse was Lievetenant Colonell; Sir Frederick Hamiltons Regi∣ment, to whom Alexander Cunningham was Lievetenant Colonell; Colo∣nell Astins English Regiment, to whem Vavezer was Lievetenant Colonell; Co••onell Monro of Obstell his Regiment, to whom Iohn Monro was Lieve∣tenant Colonell; and a Squadron of English, commanded by Lievetenant Colonell Mon-Gorge, being the Remainder of Sir Thomas Conwayes Regi∣ment; and Colonell Robert Lesly, his old Regiment of Scots. Generall Tott his Army being over the Elve; Colonell Ryneaker, and Curmago did gather all the Emperialists, and those of the League out of all other Garrisons, towards Stoade, and Bukstihoode, to defend themselves; where leaving them to some other penne to write of, I returne to the Rhine. His Majesty being making preparation towards the Dannbe, to visit the Byerforst, and Tillie: where I minde to follow out my march, our idle time being almost spent.

His Majestie did write unto the States of Holland, to draw sooner unto the fields, than their custome was, to hinder the Spaniards from s••nding forces unto Dutchlaud, which letters mooved the States to give out Edicts, that all Regiments and Companies should be complete, under paine of cashier∣ing to draw to the fields against the first of March. By this time, his Majesty of France having a strong Army together on the borders of Dutch∣land, the Catholique League did what they could, to put his Majestie of France by the eares with the King of Sweden, alledging his Majesty of Swe∣dens intention was fully to roote out the Catholique Religion; and that he had already banished a number of them from their Cloysters, which was an

untruth; for his Majestie of Sweden banished none, but those who through feare did banish themselves. But on the contrary, his Majestie in all places he had taken in, suffered them the free libertie and use of their Religion un∣troubled, without troubling of any mans Conscience in matters of Religion. But his Majestie of France, being better informed, refused any assistance to the Catholique League, against his Majestie of Sweden; but wished rather the Catholique League to remaine neutrall; and that he would interpose with his Majestie of Sweden for obtaining the Neutralitie; whereupon in∣stantly they begunne to treate of the Neutralitte; [ P] and Monsieur Scharnasse was sent Ambassadour to his Majestie of Sweden to that effect, and his Ma∣jestie proposed, and set downe the points he desired of them, if he should yeeld unto the Neutralitie.

First, they should give his Majestie and his Armie free passage through their Lands, especially over the Danube.

Secondly, they should take all their Forces from the Emperialists, and be bound hereafter to give them no more helpe.

Thirdly, they should restore the Palatinate unto the former estate, and all others they had taken beside.

Fourthly, they should contribute to the maintaining of the Swedens Ar∣mie.

The French Ambassadour having promised within foureteene dayes to get the foresaid Articles confirmed, his Majestie granted a fort'nights Still∣stand, providing the Ambassadour would make Papenham retire his Forces out of Westphalia, and Stifft-madeburg; As also that those Forces the Duke of Bavaria and the League had in Bohemia, should also retire; and that such parts as his Majesties Armie had beleaguered or blockered, they should goe on notwithstanding of the Still-stand, till they came to an Accord, or for∣ced to quit them. The time of this Treatie, the Catholique League found many doubts.

First, that it was hard for them being so much obliged to the house of Austria, to forsake them in their greatest neede.

Secondly, the Catholike Religion, in that case, did lacke a strong Pro∣tectour; whose like they could not soone finde againe.

Thirdly, the King of France had his owne pretentions in this Treatie, to wit, to weaken the house of Austria; which his Majestie of France could easily doe, by separating the League from the house of Austria. It was easie then unto him to transferre the Empire unto another Family: and the League embracing the Neutralitie, the Crown of France had wonne their point against the house of Austria; and if the Neutralitie were not granted or accepted by the League, the Kings Majestie of France would not quit the Swedens faction; but rather favourize all their enterprizes; whereby, in times com∣ming, he should have the lesse cause to feare the house of Austria; [ Q] but in the end, the seeking of this Neutralitie was but for meere policie, to hinder his Majestie of Swedens progresse, till such time, as that Generall Tilly could make a strong head againe, and to winne time of his Majestie to prepare themselves for warre.

This Treatie turning to nought without any fruit; neither were the Spa∣niards still this time, but having drawne to a strong head, they came over the Mosell againe unto the Paltz, and were beaten backe with great losse, and the whole Paliz made free of them.

In which conflict Master Home in presence of the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne, before the face of the whole Army, with his owne troope, and two other troopes of horse, charged a strong body of the Spanish horsmen, & tooke nine Cornets from them, having hunted and chased them, to their great shame, and to the perpetuall credits of the pursuers, especially of the Leader, whose acti∣ons areworthy to be recorded to Posterity.

After this victory obtained over the Spaniard, [ R] his Majesty of Sweden did propose certaine propositions and Articles unto the Duke of Bavier, and the Catholique Stends that were confederat with him. First, to breake the Emperiall Edict that was published over the Empire. Secondly, both the Evangelists Religion to be let free and untroubled by the Papists. Third∣ly, Bohemia, Nerlin and Silezia to be restored in the old manner, and the banished freely to returne to their lands and country. Fourthly, to set his Majesty of Bohemia free againe in the Paltz. Fifthly, the Dukedome of Ba∣vier to be transferred on him againe. Sixthly, the Towne of Ausburg to be put in the former estate againe, and the exercise of the Evangelists Reli∣gion to be free againe unto it as before. Seventhly, all Iesuits to be put a∣way and banished out of the Empire, as the Pest of the Common-weale. Eighthly, all Evangelists Cloisters to be restored againe, as well as the Catholique Cloisters. Ninthly, all Cloisters in Wartenburgland, to be resto∣red againe. Tenthly, to choose his Majesty of Sweden, as King of the Ro∣mans.

About the end of Ianuary Papinham gathered the whole Garrisons toge∣ther that were in Brunswicke lands, [ S] and west Falia, and relieved Madeburg; forcing Banier to retire on Calbe; alleadging he had a mandat of his Majestie of Sweden not to fight; Papenham, who having relieved the Towne, and gotten intelligence the Duke of Luneburg with a strong Army, was to come on him from Wolfenbetle, he having left Madeburg, and taken out the Garrison having nailed the cannon, and destroyed all he could, in casting it into the Elve, which he could not take with him on waggons; having spoiled their best cannon, leaving the bare walles to the Swedens; which they immediat∣ly beset againe with three Companies: Papenham marched towards Wolfen∣betle to meete the Duke of Luneburg.

Likewise Palsgrave Wolfegan William, did also by his brothers intercession, Palsgrave Augustus, hould on with his Majesty of Sweden for a Neutrality, but in vaine. The fourteene dayes of still-stand being out, they fell to worke againe, every one for himselfe.

Bamberg also taken by Gustavus Horne Felt-marshall, [ T] and shortly after was Tillie come thither with a strong Army from Nerlin, unlooked for, set on Gustavus Hornes forces, the Towne being almost made fast by the Swe∣dens, Tilly with his Army falls on: and the Felt-marshall having put his cannon away by water on the Maine, retired in haste with losse upon Hars∣ford, after a long skirmish had with the Emperialists, and having gotten intelligence of foure Regiments of Tillies, that had past by Halstad, he did breake up with the Cavalerie, and in their quarter in Oberbyde, being but halfe a mile from Bamberg, falls on them two houres before day, and de∣feats two Regiments, to wit, Planck, Hartish and Merodish the youngers Regiment by fire and sword, where he got but two Cornets, the rest be∣ing burnt in the fire, with their goods: The Crabbats were forced to swimme the Maine, the rest betooke themselves for refuge unto the Dragoniers

quarters that lay at Stafflebach, and retiring to the Church-yard, the Felt∣marshall having no musketiers with him, pressed to fire them out, but in vaine, so that he retired againe with his Officers on Hasford and Swineford. These n••wes coming unto his Majesty, he prepared for a march unto Franconia, bringing the rest of his Majesties forces together, that were with the Felt-marshall; and he did send unto During, to the Duke of Wymar, and to Generall Banter to bring their forces together, to meete betwixt Nu∣renberg and Donavert, to search out Generall Tilly, and about the middest of March 1632. we brake up from Mentz, having left the Rex-chancellor Oxensterne, and Duke Bernard of Wymar, with eight thousand men in the Paltz, to attend the Spaniards further intentions on the Rhine.