The Scotch military discipline learned from the valiant Swede, and collected for the use of all worthy commanders favouring the laudable profession of armes: By Major Generall Monro, being novv generall of all the Scotch forces against the rebels in Ireland, communicates his abridgement of exercise, in divers practicall observations for the younger officers better instruction; ending with the souldiers meditations going on in service.

The sixteenth Duty discharged on our Fight at Leipsigh.

AS the Larke begunne to peepe, the seventh of September 1631. ha∣ving stood all night in battaile a mile from Tillies Armie, in the mor∣ning, the Trumpets sound to horse, the Drummes calling to March, being at our Armes, and in readinesse, having before meditated in the night, and resolved with our Consciences; we begunne the morning with offering our soules and bodies, as living Sacrifices unto God, with Confession of our sinnes, lifting up our hearts and hands to Heaven, we begged for recon∣ciliation in Christ, by our publique prayers, and secret sighes, and groanes; recommending our selves, the successe, and event of the day unto God, our Father in Christ, which done by us all, we marched forwards in Gods name a little, and then halted againe, till the whole Armie, both the Dukes, and Ours, were put in good Order: our Armie marching on the right hand, and the Dukes on the left, our commanded Musketeres marching in the Van-Guarde, being in one bodie before the Armie consisting of three Regiments, [ R] whereof two of Scotts, and one Dutch, all Musketieres, led by three Scotts Co∣lonels, men of valour and courage, fit for the Commaund concredited unto them, being made choice of, as men, that could fight Exemplarie to others: (viz.) Sir Iames Ramsey, called the Blacke, Sir Iohn Hamilton, and Robert Monro Baron of Fowles; we marched thus, both the Armies in Battaile, Horse, foote, and Artillerie, till about nine of the Clocke in the morning, wee halted halfe a mile distant from the Emperiall Armie; that were attending us in Battaile; consisting of fortie foure thousand men, horse, and foote, our Armie, consi∣sting of thirtie thousand men, whereof, to my judgement, His Majesties Ar∣mie;

were eight thousand foote, and seven thousand horse; The Duke also, would be eleven thousand foote, and foure thousand horse; having refreshed our selves with victuals, leaving our Coaches behind us. The whole Armie did get greene Branches on their heads; and the word was given, God with us: a little short speech made by His Majestie, being in order of Battaile, we marched towards the enemie, who had taken the advantage of the ground, having placed his Armie on a place called Gods Acre; where their Generall did make choice of the ground most advantagious for his foote, Artillerie, and horses; he also did beset the Dorpes, that invironed the ground, which was left for us, with Dragoniers and Crabbats: to incomber our wings by their evill Neighbourhood: yet, notwithstanding of all the advantages hee had of Ground, Wind, and Sunne; our magnanimous King and Leader; under God, inferiour to no Generall we ever reade of, for wisedome, cou∣rage, dexteritie, and good Conduct, he was not dejected; but with magna∣nimitie, [ S] and Christian resolution, having recommended himselfe, his Armie, and successe to God, the Director of men and Angells; able to give victory with few against many; He ordered his Armie, and directed every supreame Officer of the Field, on their particular charge and stations committed unto them, for that day: As also he acquainted them severally, of the forme he was to fight unto, and he appointed Plottons of Musketiers, by fifties, which were commanded by sufficient Officers to attend on severall Regiments of horse; and he instructed the Officers how to behave themselves in dischar∣ging their duties on service. Likewise he directed the Officers belonging to the Artillery, how to carry themselves; which orderly done, the comman∣ded Musketiers were directed to their stand where to fight; his Majestie then led up the foure Briggads of foote; which were appointed to be the Battaile of the Armie, with a distance betwixt every Briggad, that a Regiment of horse might march out in grosse betwixt the Briggads, all foure being in one front, having their Ordnance planted before every Briggad, being foure pieces of great Cannon, and eight small; whereof, foure stood before the Colours, that were the Battaile of the Briggad, with Amunition and Con∣stables to attend them; on the right hand Pikes, before the Colours were the other foure pieces of Cannon, with Amunition and Constables conforme; and on the left wing of Pikes and Colours were placed the other foure pieces of Cannon, as we said before.

Behinde these foure Briggads were drawne up the three Briggads of Re∣serve, with their Artillery before them, standing at a proportionable distance behinde the other foure Briggads, with the like distance betwixt them, as was betwixt the Briggads of the Battaile.

The Briggads of horse which had Plottons of Musketiers to attend them, were placed on the right and left wings of the foote, and some were placed betwixt the Battaile of foote and the Reserve, to second the foote as neede were; other Briggads of horse were drawne up behinde the Reserve of the foote Briggads.

The Felt-marshall Horne, Generall Banier, and Lievetenant Generall Baw∣tish were commanded to over-see the Horsemen, his Majestie, the Baron Tyvell, and Grave Neles, were to command the Battaile of foote; Sir Iames Ramsey, as eldest Colonell, had the command of the fore-Troopes, or com∣manded Musketiers; and Sir Iohn Hepburne, as eldest Colonell, commanded the three Briggads of Reserve: Our Armie thus ordered, the Duke of Saxon

and his Feltmarshall Arnhem, having ordered their Armie (whereof I was not particularly inquisitive of the manner) they were ordained to draw up on our left hand, and being both in one front thus ordered, we marched in Battaile a little, and then halted againe, till his Majestie had commanded out some commanded Horsemen, on the wings of the Armie, a large distance from the body, to scoure the fields of the Crabbats; we marched againe in order of Battaile, with Trumpets sounding, Drummes beating, and Co∣lours advanced and flying, till we came within reach of Cannon to our ene∣mies Armie, then the magnifick and magnanimous Gustavus the Invincible, leads up the Briggads of horse one after another to their ground, with their Plottons of shot to attend them: As also he led up the Briggads of foote one after another to their ground, during which time we were drawne up accor∣ding to our former plot, the enemy was thundering amongst us, with the noise, and roaring whisling and flying of Cannon-Bullets; where you may imagine the hurt was great; the sound of such musick being scarce worth the hearing, though martiall I confesse, yet, if you can have so much patience, with farre lesse danger, to reade this dutie to an end, you shall finde the mu∣sicke well paide; but with such Coyne, that the players would not stay for a world to receive the last of it, being over-joyed in their flying.

By twelve of the Clock on wednesday the seventh of September, [ T] in de∣spight of the fury of the enemies Cannon, and of his advantages taken, they were drawne up in even front with the enemy, and then our Cannon begun to roare, great and small, paying the enemy with the like coyne, which thundering continued alike on both sides for two houres and an halfe, during which time, our Battailes of horse and foote stood firme like a wall, the Cannon now and then making great breaches amongst us, which was diligently looked unto, on all hands, by the diligence of Officers in filling up the voide parts, and in setting aside of the wounded towards Chirurgians, every Officer standing firme, over-seeing their Commands in their owne sta∣tions, succeeding one another as occasion offered.

By halfe three, our Cannon a little ceasing, the Horsemen on both wings charged furiously one another, our Horsemen with a resolution, abiding un∣loosing a Pistoll, till the enemy had discharged first, and then at a neere di∣stance our Musketiers meeting them with a Salve; then our horsemen dis∣charged their Pistolls, and then charged through them with swords; and at their returne the Musketiers were ready againe to give the second Salve of Musket amongst them; the enemy thus valiantly resisted by our Horsemen, and cruelly plagued by our Plottons of Musketiers; you may imagine, how soone he would be discouraged after charging twice in this manner, and repulsed.

Our Horsemen of the right wing of Finnes and Haggapells, led by the valourous Feltmarshall Horne, finding the enemies Horsemen out of Order, with resolution he charged the enemies left wing, forcing them to retire dis∣orderly on their battailes of foote, which caused disorder among the foote, who were forced then to fall to the right hand; our Horsemen retiring, his Majestie seeing the enemy in disorder, played with Ordnance amongst them, during which time, the force of the enemies Battailes falls on the Duke of Saxon, charging with Horse first in the middest of the Battailes, and then the foote giving two Salves of Musket amongst them, they were put to the Rout, horse and foote, and the enemy following them cryed Victoria, as if the

day had beene wonne, triumphing before the victory; But our Horsemen charging the remnant of their horse and foote, where their Generall stood, they were made to retire in disorder to the other hand towards Leipsigh; our Armie of foote standing firme, not having loosed one Musket; the smoake being great, by the rising of the dust, for a long time we were not able to see about us; but being cleared up, we did see on the left hand of our reserve two great Battailes of foote, which we imagined to have beene Saxons, that were forced to give ground; having heard the service, though not seene it, we found they were enemies, being a great deale neerer than the Saxons were: His Majestie having sent Baron Tyvell to know the certaintie, [ V] coming before our Briggad, I certified him they were enemies, and he returning towards his Majestie, was shot dead; his Majestie coming by, gave direction to Co∣lonell Hephurne, to cause the Briggads on his right and left wing to wheele, and then to charge the enemy, the Orders given, his Majestie retired, pro∣mising to bring succours unto us.

The enemies Battaile standing firme, looking on us at a neere distance, and seeing the other Briggads and ours wheeleing about, making front unto them, they were prepared with a firme resolution to receive us with a salve of Cannon and Muskets; but our small Ordinance being twice discharged amongst them, and before we stirred, we charged them with a salve of mus∣kets, which was repaied, and incontinent our Briggad advancing unto them with push of pike, putting one of their battailes in disorder, fell on the exe∣cution, so that they were put to the route.

I having commanded the right wing of our musketiers, being my Lord of Rhees and Lumsdells, we advanced on the other body of the enemies, which defended their Cannon, and beating them from their Cannon, we were masters of their Cannon, and consequently of the field, but the smoake be∣ing great, the dust being raised, we were as in a darke cloude, not seeing the halfe of our actions, much lesse discerning, either the way of our enemies, or yet the rest of our Briggads: whereupon, having a drummer by me, I caused him beate the Scots march, till it cleered up, which recollected our friends unto us, and dispersed our enemies being overcome; so that the Briggad coming together, such as were alive missed their dead and hurt Camerades.

Colonell Lumsdell was hurt at the first, and Lievetenant Colonell Musten also, [ W] with divers other Ensignes were hurt and killed, and sundry Colours were missing for that night, which were found the next day; The enemy thus fled, our horsemen were pursuing hard, till it was darke, and the blew Briggad, and the commanded musketiers were sent by his Majesty to helpe us, but before their coming, the victory and the credit of the day, as being last ingaged, was ascribed to our Briggad, being the reserve, were thanked by his Majesty for their service, in publique audience, and in view of the whole Army, we were promised to be rewarded.

The Battaile thus happily wonne, his Majesty did principally under God ascribe the glory of the victory to the Sweds, and Fynnes horsemen, who were led by the valorous Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne; For though the Dutch horsemen did behave themselves valorously divers times that day; yet it was not their fortune to have done the charge, which did put the ene∣my to flight, and though there were brave Briggads of Sweds and Dutch in the field, yet it was the Scots Briggads fortune to have gotten the praise for

the foote service: and not without cause, having behaved themselves well, being led and conducted by an expert Cavalier and fortunat, the valiant Hep∣burne, being followed by Colonell Lumsdell, Lievetenant Colonell Musten, Major Monypenney, Major Sinclaire, and Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro, with divers others Cavaliers of valour, experience and of conduct, who thereafter were suddainely advanced unto higher charges. The victory be∣ing ours, we incamped over night on the place of Battaile, the living merry and rejoycing, though without drinke at the night-wake of their dead Camerades and friends, lying then on the ground in the bed of honour, being glad the Lord had prolonged their dayes for to discharge the last honourable duty, in burying of their Camerades.

Our bone-fiers were made of the enemies Amunition waggons, and Pikes left, for want of good fellowes to use them; and all this night our brave Camerades, the Saxons were making use of their heeles in flying, thinking all was lost, they made booty of our waggons and goods, too good a recom∣pence for Cullions that had left their Duke, betrayed their country and the good cause, when as strangers were hazarding their lives for their free∣domes.

Our losse this day with the Saxons, [ X] did not exceede three thousand men, which for the most part were killed by the enemies Cannon: of princi∣pall Officers we lost a number, and chiefely our horsemen; as Colonell Collenbagh, Colonell Hall and Addergest; and of the foote Colonells, the Bar∣ron Tivell, being all of them brave and valorous gentlemen, we lost also foure Lievetenant Colonells, together with a number of Rutmasters, Cap∣taines, Lievetenants and Ensignes.

Of the Saxons were lost five Colonells, three Lievetenant Colonells, with divers Rut-masters and Captaines, and of inferiours Officers many.

To the enemy were lost on the field neere eight thousand, besides Officers of note, such as the Felt-marshall Fustenberg: the Duke of Holsten, the Count of Shomeberg; old Geuerall Tillie hurt and almost taken; a number of other Officers of the Field were killed, and taken prisoners. They lost also thirty two peeces of Cannon, with three score waggons of Amunition, and their Generall, and Papingham were chased towards Hall, and from thence were forced with a small convoy to take their flight for re∣fuge to Hamell on the Waser.