Unparalleld varieties: or, The matchless actions and passions of mankind.: Displayed in near four hundred notable instances and examples. Discovering the transcendent effects; I. Of love, friendship, and gratitude. II. Of magnanimity, courage, and fidelity. III. Of chastity, temperance, and humility. And on the contrary the tremendous consequences, IV. Of hatred, revenge, and ingratitude. V. Of cowardice, barbarity, treachery. VI. Of unchastity, intemperance, and ambition. : Imbellished with proper figures. / By R.B. ...

CHAP. I. The Transcendent Effects of Love, Friendship, and Gratitude, discovered in several Me∣morable Examples.

LOve and Friendship are the chief Bonds of Humane Society, without which Mankind would be Wolves, and destrovers of each other; I shall therefore give some instan∣ces of the extraordinary Effects thereof in all Ages, and that in the most large acceptation of it; as of the Passion of Love between different Sexes, the disquiets whereof have sometimes made deep impres∣sions upon divers Persons, of the singular Love of some Husbands to their Wives, and Wives to their Husbands; of the Indulgence, and great Love of some Parents to their Children; and the reverence and Love of Chil∣dren to their Parents; of the extraordinary Love of Brethren, and of many Servants to their Masters; of the signal Love of some Persons to Religion and Truth, and their hatred of Flattery and Falshood; the Love of several to Peace, Justice, and to their Country, toge∣ther with the choicest instances of the most intire Friendship, and the grateful dispositions of some Persons, and what returns they have made of the benefits re∣ceived; these shall be the particulars of this first Chap∣ter, wherein the variety of the Relations, cannot but administer some profit, as well as delight, since they are collected from Authors of undoubted Authority and Credit; I shall therefore proceed in order, and first as to Humane Love, or that strictly called the Passion of Love.

I. Eginardus was Secretary of State to Charlemaign, Emperour, and King of France, and having placed his

[illustration] depiction of the Emperor of Germany's daughter carrying her lover

The Emp. of Ger. Daughter caryes her Lover on her back to prevent Discovery Page .1.

Affections much higher than his Condition admitted, made love to one of his Daughters, who seeing this Man of a brave Spirit, and a grace suitable, thought him not too low for her whom merit had so eminently raised above his Birth; she affected him, and gave him free access to her Person, so far as to suffer him to have recourse unto her, to laugh, and sport in her Chamber on the Evenings, which ought to have been kept as a Sanctuary where Relicts are preserved; It happened on a Winters night, that Eginardus ever hastning his Approaches, and being negligent in his returns, had too much slackned his departure, in the mean time a •…•…ow had fallen, which troubled them both; for when he thought to go forth, he feared to be known by his feet, & the Lady was unwilling that such prints of steps should be found at her door; they being much perplexed, Love which taketh the Diadem of Majesty from Queens, made her to do an Act for a Lover, very unusual for the Daughter of one of the greatest Men upon Earth, she took the Gentleman upon her shoulders, and carri∣ed him all the length of the Court to his Chamber, he never setting foot to ground, that so the next day no impression might be seen of his footing; it fell out that Charlemaign watched at his Study this night, and hear∣ing a noise, opened the Window, and perceived this pretty prank, at which he could not tell whether he were best to be angry, or to laugh; the next day in a great Assembly of Lords, and in the presence of his Daughter, and Eginardus, he asked what punishment that Servant might seem worthy of, who made use of a Kings Daughter, as of a Mule, and caused himself to be carried on her Shoulders in the midst of Winter, through Night, Snow, and all the sharpness of the Sea∣sons; Every one gave his opinion, and not one but con∣demned that insolent man to death; the Princess, and Secretary changed colour, thinking nothing remained for them, but to be flead alive; but the Emperour looking on his Secretary with a smooth brow, said, Eginardus, hadst thou loved the Princess my Daughter, thou

oughtest to have come to her Father, the disposer of her Liber∣ty, thou art worthy of death, and I give thee two lives at this present, take thy fair Portress in Marriage, fear God, and love one another; these Lovers thought they were in an in∣stant drawn out of the depth of Hell to enjoy the grea∣test happiness in the World. Causins Holy Court. Tom. 2.

II. Pyramus, a young Man of Babylon, was exceed∣ingly in love with Thisbe, the Daughter of one that li∣ved the very next House to his Father, nor was he less beloved by her; both Parents had discerned it, and for some Reasons kept them both up so streightly, that they were not suffered so much as to speak to one another, at last they found opportunity of discourse through the Chink of a Wall betwixt them, and appointed to meet together in a certain place without the City, Thisbe came first to the place appointed, but being terrified by a Lioness which passed by, she fled into a Cave near thereabouts, and in her flight had lost her Veil, which the Lioness tumbled to and fro with her bloody Mouth, and so left it; soon after Pyramus came also to the same place, and there finding the Vail which she used to wear, all bloody, he overhastily concluded, that she was torn in pieces by some wild Beast, and therefore slew himself with his own Sword under a Mulberry Tree, which was the place of their mutual agreement; Thisbe, when she thought the Lioness was gone past, left her Cave, with an earnest desire to meet her Lover, but finding him slain, overcome with grief and desire, she fell upon the same Sword, and died with him. Zuingli∣us. p. 461.

III. Eurialus Count of Augusta, was a young man of extraordinary beauty, and during the stay of the Em∣perour, Sigismund, King of Bohemia, and Hungary, at Si∣enna, he cast his Eye upon Lucretia a Virgin of that place, and at first sight fell vehemently in love with her; the Virgin also, whom in respect of her admirable form, they called commonly the second Venus, was no less surpri∣zed than himself at the same instant; in a short time they became better acquainted, but at the Emperors

removal thence to Rome, when Eurialus was compelled to leave his Lady behind him, she was not able to endure his absence, but died under the impatience of it; Euri∣alus at the hearing of her death, though he was some∣what supported by the counsels, and consolations of his Friends, and thereby persuaded to live, yet from the time of her death, to the last day of his life, he was ne∣ver known to laugh. Donatus Hist. Medit.

IV. Gobrias a Captain, when he had espied Rodanthe, a fair Captive Maid, he fell upon his knees before Mysti∣lus the General, with tears, vows, and all the Rhetorick he could; & by the Scars he had formerly received, the good services he had done, or whatsoever else was dear unto him, he besought his General that he might have the fair Prisoner to his Wife, as a reward of his Valour; moreover he would forgive him all his Arrears, I ask, said he, no part of the booty, no other thing, but Rodanthe to be my Wife; and when he could not compass her by fair means, he fell to Treachery, force, and Villany, and at last set his life at stake, to accomplish his desire. Bur∣tons Melancholy, part. 3.

V. Plutarch saith it was a custom remaining to his days, that Wives would wish so to be beloved of their Husbands, as Pieria was by Phrygius; this wish had its rise from the following History; of those Jonians that planted themselves in Miletum, some raised Sediti∣on against the Sons of Neleus, and seated themselves in Myo; these received divers injuries from the Mil sians, who made war upon them for going away from them, but not so severely, as to exclude all commerce, so that upon some Festivals the Women had liberty to come from Myo to Miletum; Pythes was one of the Revolters, and understanding that a Feast was to be kept in Mile∣tum to Diana, he sent his Wife and Daughter Pieria to obtain leave that he might be present at it; now of all the Sons of Neleus, Phrygius was the most powerful, he being inflamed with the love of Peria, thought of no∣thing more than of doing something that might be ac∣ceptable to her, and when she told him, that nothing

could be more grateful to her, than to procure her liber∣ty of coming often to Miletum, in the Company of many Virgins, he understood by that Speech, that Peace was desired, and Friendship sought with the Milesians; he therefore concluded the War; and thence was it that the names of these two Lovers were so dear to both People. Plutarch de virtute Mulier. p. 531.

VI. There was amongst the Grecians a Company of Souldiers, consisting of three hundred, that was called, The Holy Band, erected by Gorgidas, and chosen out of such as heartily loved one another, whereby it came to pass, that they could never be broken, nor overcome, for their love, and hearty affection would not suffer them to forsake one another, whatsoever danger hap∣pened; but at the Battel of Cheronaea they were all slain, after the fight, King Philip taking view of the dead bo∣dies, he stood still in that place, where all these three hundred men lay slain, thrust through with Pikes on their Breasts, whereat he much wondred, and being told that it was the Lovers Band, he sell a weeping, say∣ing, Wo be to them that think these men did, or suffered any dishonest thing; Plutarch, in Pelopida.

VII. Leander was a young Man of Abidos, and was deeply in love with Hero, a beautiful Virgin of Sestos, these two Towns were opposite to each other, and the narrow Sea of the Hellespont lay betwixt them. Leander used divers nights to swim over the Hellespont to his Love, while she held up a Torch from a Tower, to be his direction in the night; but though this practice con∣tinued long, yet at length Leander adventuring to per∣form the same one night when the Sea was rough, and the waves high, was unfortunately drowned; his dead body was cast up at Seslos, where Hero from her Tower beheld it; but she not being able to outlive so great a loss, cast her self headlong from the top of it into the Sea, and there perished. Innumerable are the instances of the Effects both Tragical, and Comical, proceeding from this Humane Love, and every week almost produ∣ceth some extraordinary Accidents proceeding there∣from;

let us therefore next relate some remarkable examples of Conjugal Love between Husbands and Wives.

VIII. One of the Neapolitans ('tis pity his name as well as his Country, is not remembred, saith Mr. Burton,) be∣ing busily imployed in a Field near the Sea, and his Wife at some distance from him, the Woman was sei∣zed upon by some Turkish Pyrates, who came on shoar to prey upon all they could find; upon his return not finding his Wife, and perceiving a Ship that lay at An∣chor not far off, conjecturing the matter as it was, he threw himself into the Sea, and swam up to the Ship, then calling to the Captain, he told him, he was come to follow his Wife; he feared not the Barbarism of the Enemies of the Christian Faith, nor the miseries those Slaves endure that are thrust into places where they must •…•…g at the Oar, his Love overcame all these; the M••ors were full of admiration at the carriage of the man, for they had seen some of his Countrymen, rather chuse death than to endure so hard a loss of their Liber••y, and at their return they told the whole of this story to the King of Tunis, who moved with the Relation of so great a Love gave him and his Wife their freedom, and the Man was made by his command one of the Soldiers of his Liseguard. Burtons Melancholy, Part 3.

IX. Philip King of France, Sirnamed The Good, the first Author of that greatness, whereunto the House of Burgundy did arrive, was about twenty three years of Age, when his Father John Duke of Burgundy was slain by the villany, and perfidiousness of Charles the Dau∣phin; being informed of that unwelcome news, full of grief & anger as he was, he hasted into the Chamber of his Wife, who was the Dauphins Sister, O said he, my Michalea thy Brother, hath murdered my Father; She who was a true Lover of her Husband, streight broke forth into tears, and cries, and fearing, not without reason, that this accident would prove the occasion of a breach, she lamented, as one that refused all comfort, though her Husband used all kind of loving words to chear up

her Spirits; Thou shalt be no less dear to me, said he, for this fault, which, though near related, is yet none of thine, and therefore take courage, and comfort thyself in an Husband that will be faithful, and constant to thee for ever; He performed what he said, he lived with her three years, treating her alwaies with his accustomed love, and the same re∣spects; and although the very sight of her did daily re∣new the memory of that wicked act of her Brother, and though which is more, she was Barren, a sufficient cause of divorce among Princes, yet he would not that any thing but death should dissolve the Matrimonial Bond that was betwixt them. Lipsius Monitor. lib. 2.

X. Darius the last King of the Persians, supposing that his Wife Statira was slain by Alexander, filled all the Camp with Lamentations, and Outcries; O Alexan∣der, said he, Whom of thy Relations have I put to death, that thou shouldst thus retaliate my severities, thou hast hated me without any provocation on my part, but suppose thou hast Justice on thy side, shouldst thou manage the War against Wo∣men? Thus he bewailed the supposed death of his Wife, but as soon as he heard she was not only preserved alive, but also treated by Alexander with the highest Honour, he then beseeched Heaven to render Alexander fortu∣nate in all things, though he was his Enemy. Plutarch. in vit. Alex.

XI. Gratianus the Roman Emperor, was so great and known a Lover of his Wife, that his Enemies had hereby an occasion ministred to them to ensnare his life, which was on this manner; Maximus the Usurper, caused a report to be spread, that the Empress with cer∣tain Troops was come to see her Husband, and to go with him into Italy, and sent a Messenger with counter∣feit Letters to the Emperor, to give him advice there∣of; after this, he sent one of his most subtle Captains, with order that he should put himself into an Horse∣litter with some chosen Soldiers, and go to meet the Emperor, pretending himself to be the Empress, and so to surprize, and kill him; the cunning Captain per∣formed his business, for at Lyons in France, the Empe∣ror

came forth to meet his Wife, and coming to the Horselitter, he was taken and killed. Imperial Hist, p. 344.

XII. Meleager challenged to himself the chief glory, and honour of slaying the Caledorian Boar, but this being denied him, he sate in his Chamber so angry, and dis∣contented, that when the Enemy (who were the Cure∣tes) were assaulting the City where he lived, he would not stir out to lend his Citizens the least of his assist∣ance; the Elders, Magistrates, the chief of the City, and the Priests came to him with their humble suppli∣cations, but he would not move; they propounded a great reward, he despised at once both it and them; his Father Oenaeus came to him, and imbracing his knees, endeavoured to make him relent, but all in vain; his Mother came, and tryed all ways, but was re∣fused; his Sisters, and his most familiar Friends were sent to him, and begged he would not forsake them in their last extremity; but neither this way was his fierce mind to be wrought upon; in the mean time the Ene∣my had broken into the City, and then came his Wife, called Cleopatra, trembling; O my dearest Love, said she, help us, or we are lost; the Enemy is already entred; the Hero was moved with this voice alone, and roused him∣self at the apprehension of the danger of his beloved Wife; he armed himself, went forth, and left not, till he had repulsed the Enemy, and put the City into its wonted safety, and security. Camerarius Hist. Medit. Cent. 1.

XIII. Titus Gracchus loved his Wife Cornelia with that fervency, that when two Snakes were by chance found in his House, and that the Soothsayers had pro∣nounced that they should not suffer them both to es∣cape, but that one of them should be killed, affirming also that if the Male was let go, Cornelia should die first; on the other side that Gracchus should first expire, if the Female were let go, Dismiss then the Female said he, that so Cornelia may survive me who am at this time the El∣der; It so fell out that he died soon after, leaving behind

him many Sons, so entirely beloved by the Mother, and the memory of her Husband, so dear to her, that she refused the proffered Marriage with Ptolomy King of Aegypt; It seems the buried Ashes of her Husband lay so cold at her heart, that the splendor of a Diadem and all the pomp of a rich, and proffered Kingdom, were not able so to warm it, as to make it capable of recei∣ving the impression of a new Love. Valerius Maximus, lib. 4.

XIV. Caligula the Emperour had Caesonia to Wife, and though she was not of remarkable beauty, nor of a just, but declining Age; though by another Husband she was already the Mother of three Daughters, yet being one both of Prodigious Luxury, and Lascivious∣ness, he loved her with that ardency, and constancy, that he often shewed her to the Soldiers riding by him in her Armour, and to his Friends even naked. The day she was brought to Bed, he made her his Wife, pro∣fessing that he was at once her Husband, and the Father of a Child by her; the Child, which was named Julia Drusilla, was by his order carried about to all the Tem∣ples of the Gods; at last he laid it down in the lap of Minerva, and commended the Child to her Education, and Instruction, nor did he conclude the Child to be his, by any more certain sign than this, that even in her Infancy she had a cruelty so natural, that she would fly upon the Faces and Eyes of such Children as plaid with her, with her fingers, and nails. Suetonius Hist.

XV. M. Plautius, by the Command of the Senate of Rome, was to bring back a Navy of sixty Ships of the Confederates into Asia; he put ashore at Tarentum, and thither had Orestilla his Wife followed him, and there overcome with a Disease, she departed this life. Plautius having ordered all things for the celebration of the Fu∣neral, she was laid upon the Pile to be burnt, as the Ro∣man manner was; the last Offices to be performed, were to anoint the dead body, and to give it a valedictory, or farewel kiss, but betwixt these, the grieved Husband fell upon his own Sword, and died; his Friends took

him up in his Gown and Shoes, as he was, and laying his Body by that of his Wives, burnt them both toge∣ther; the Sepulcher of these Two is yet to be seen at Tarentum, and is called, The Tomb of the Two Lovers. Va∣ler. Max. lib. 4.

XVI. And though the Female be the weaker Sex, yet such has been the fidelity, and incredible strength of affection in some, that they have oft-times perfor∣med as great things as the most generous Men; they have despised death in the most dreadful shapes, and all sorts of difficulties (by an invincible Love to their Hus∣hands) in the greatest extremity. Of which Histories are not silent; for we r••ad, that Eumenes burying the dead that had fallen in the Battel of Gabine against Anti∣gonus, amongst others, there was found the Body of Ceteas, the Captain of those Troops that had come out of India; this man had two Wives, who accompanied him in the Wars, one which he had newly married, and an other whom he had married some years before, but both of them bore an intire love to him, for whereas the Laws of India require, that one Wife shall be burnt with her dead Husband, both these offered themselves to death, and strove with that ambition, as if it had been some glorious prize they sought after; before such Captains as were appointed their Judges, the younger Wife pleaded, That the other was with Child, and that therefore she could not have the benefit of that Law; The elder alledged, That whereas she was before the other in years, it was also fit that she should be before her in Honour, since it was customary in other things that the Elder should have place; The Judges, when they understood by Midwives, that the Elder was with Child, passed Judg∣ment that the younger should be burnt, which done, she that had lost the cause departed, rending her Dia∣dem, and tearing her Hair, as if some grievous calami∣ty had befallen her; the other full of Joy at her Victory, went to the Funeral Fire, magnificently drest up by her Friends, and led along by her Kindred, as if to her Wedding; they all the way singing Hymns in her Prai∣ses.

When she drew near the fire, taking off her Orna∣ments, she delivered them to her Friends and Servants, as tokens of Remembrance; they were a multitude of Rings, with variety of precious Stones, Chains, and Stars of Gold, &c. This done, she was by her Brother placed upon the combustible matter by the side of her Husband, and after the Army had thrice compassed the Funeral Pile, fire was put to it, and she without a word of complaint, finished her life in thell ames. Diod Sicu∣lus, lib. 9.

XVII. Arria, the Wife of Cecinna Paetus, understan∣ding that her Husband was condemned to die, and that he was permitted to chuse what manner of death liked him best, she went to him, and having exhorted him to depart this life couragiously, and bidding him farewel, gave her self a stab into the Breast, with a Knife she had hid for that purpose under her Cloaths; then drawing the Knife out of the wound, and reaching it to Paetus; she said, The wound I have made, Paetus, smarts not; but that only which thou art about to give thy self. Camer. Spare hours. Whereupon Martial hath an Epigram to this purpose.

When Arria to her Husband gave the Knife, Which made the wound, whereby she lost her life, This wound, dear Paetus, grieves me not, quoth she, But that which thou must give thyself, grieves me.

XVIII. The Prince of the Province of Fingo, in the Kingdom of Japan in the East-Indies, hearing that a Gentleman of the Country had a very beautiful Wo∣man to his Wife, got him dispatched; and having sent for the Widow some days after her Husbands death, ac∣quainted her with his desires; she told him she had much reason to think her self happy in being honoured with the Friendship of so great a Prince, yet she was resolved to bite off her Tongue, and murder her self, if he offered her any violence; but if he would grant her the favour to spend one month in bewailing her

Husband and then give her liberty to make an enter∣tainment for the Relations of the Deceased to take her leave of them, he should find how much she was his Servant, and how far she would comply with his affecti∣ons; it was easily granted, a very great Dinner was pro∣vided, whither came all the Kindred of the deceased; the Gentlewoman perceiving the Prince began to be warm in his Wine, in hopes of enjoying her promise; she desired liberty to withdraw into an adjoyning Gal∣lery to take the Air, but as soon as she was come into it, she cast her self headlong down in the presence of the Prince, and all her dead Husbands relations, and so put an end to her life. Mandelsloes Travels.

XIX. In the Reign of the Emperor Vespasian, there was a Rebellion in France, the chief Leader of which was Julius Sabinus; they being reduced, the Captain was sought after to be punished, but he had hid himself in a Vault, or Cave, which was the Monument of his Grand-father; he caused a report to be spread of his death, as if he had voluntarily poysoned himself, and the better to persuade men of the truth of it, he caused his House to be set on fire, as if his body had therein been burnt; he had a Wife, whose name was Eponina, she knew nothing of his safety, but bewailed his death, & would not be comforted; there were only two of his freed men, who were privy to it, they pitying their Lady, who was determined to die, and in order thereunto had abstained from all manner of meat for three days together, thereupon they declared her pur∣pose to her Husband, and besought him to save her that loved him so well; it was granted, and she was told that her Sabinus lived; she came to him, where they li∣ved with secrecy, and undiscovered for the space of nine years together, she conceived, and brought forth Children in that solitary Mansion; at last the place of their abode came to be known, they were taken, and brought to Rome, where Vespasian commanded they should be stain; Eponina producing, and shewing her Children; Behold O Caesar, said she, these I have brought

forth, and brought up in a Monument, that thou mightest have more suppliants for our Lives. O cruel Vespasian, that could not be moved with such words as these; well, they were both led to death, and Eponina joyfully died with her Husband, who had been before buried with him for so many years together. Lipsius Monitor. lib. 2.

XX. Portia the Daughter of Cato, and Wise of Mar∣cus Brutus, when she conjectured by the fleepless, and disturbed nights of her Husband, that he had conceived some great thing in his mind, and concealed it from her in suspition of her weakness; she to give her Husband an instance of her Constancy and Secrecy, made her self a deep wound in her Thigh with a Razor; upon which there followed a stream of blood, weakness; and a Feaver. When Brutus came home, sad at so unex∣pected an accident, and all being withdrawn, Sit down Husband said she, I have something serious to discourse with you; when I married you, I came to your House as a Wife, not as a Mistress, or Whore, nor only as a Companion of your Bed, and Board, but of all prosperous and adverse things; I am Cato's Daughter, and reckon you that I am of that blood, what then, do I complain of you? Not at all, if I look at other matters, Conjugal Solemnities, good will, and this exter∣nal love; but I look higher, and would have your Friendship al∣so, and that is the only grief of my mind which torments me, that you have my fidelity in suspicion, for wherefore should you dissemble; do I not perceive the care you are in? Thae there is some secret, and great enterprize you are in agitation about? Why do you conceal it from me? If I can lend you no assistance, expect some comfort at least from me; for as to my secrecy I am able to ingage; consider not the rest of my Sex; I say again, that I am the Daughter of Cato, and I add thereunto that I am the Wife of Brutus, either nature, being from such a Father, or Conversation with such a Husband, will render me constant and invincible against all that is to be feared; why do I multi∣ply words, I my self have made experiment of my self, and see this wound which of my own accord I have given my self, that I might know whether I could undergo with Courage any grief and torments, I now fully believe that I am able to bear them,

to despise them, and I, my Brutus, can die with, and for my Hus∣band; if therefore you are about any thing that is just and honourable, and worthy of us both, conceal it no longer, Brutus admiring the greatness of her mind, and surprized with the discovery of such great affection, lifting up his hands for joy, burst out into these expressions, O all ye Powers above, said he, be ye favourable, and propitious to my desires, and make me a Husband that is worthy of Portia; then he recited in order to her the Conspiracy for killing Ju∣lius Caesar in the Senate House, and who were concer∣ned therein; wherewith she was so far from being af∣frighted, or disswading him from it, that she incoura∣ged him to proceed; but the day on which they were to perform the Enterprize, she being in fear for Brutus, swooned away, and was scarcely recovered by him; at the last Brutus being overcome, and slain at Philippi, she determined to die, & when her Friends, who were ever with her to prevent it, deprived her of the opportunity and means, she at last snatched the burning Coals with her Hands out of the fire, and thrusting them into her mouth, she kept them there till she was choaked. Of this Conspiracy against Caesar, for the Readers better understanding it, I shall make a brief digression. Mar∣cus Brutus (faith Plutarch) was descended from Junius Brutus, as great an enemy to Kings as he was to Tyrants; he was well beloved by Caesar, so that he gave order for his safety at the Battle of Pharsalia as for his own Son; he moved nothing but what was honest and ra∣tional, so grave and constant he was; he carried what he moved, so resolved was he; after Caesar had past the Rulicon contrary to the Decree of the Senate, and had so overpowered them, that he was chosen perpetual Dictator, and had thereby taken away the liberty of the Commonwealth, Brutus, Cassius & some others conspired against him; Brutus hated the Tyranny, and Cassius the Tyrant; Brutus was incensed against Caesars Empire by his Ancestors Enterprize against Kings, and the Peo∣ples expectation from him, for under their Images they writ, O that Brutus were a•…•…ve; and before his face when

he was Praetor, they said, Brutus is asleep. Cassius first sounded Brutus, who said, He would die, or Caesar should not be King; Cassius replied, Rome will not suffer thee to die; they look for Plays and Pastimes from other Praetors hands, but they expect Liberty at thine; then they procee∣ded in their Design, and though many ill Omens might have hindred Caesar from going to the Senate that day, yet he resolved to go on; and being sate, Cimber one of the Conspirators, seems to Petition Caesar, and the rest seconded him, kissing Caesars hand, and then all falling upon him at once, they stabbed him with twenty three wounds, who when he saw Brutus, cryed out, what, and thou my Son? and so gave up the Ghost. Brutus would have satisfied the other Senators, but they fled; the o∣ther Conspirators would have killed Mark Anthony, but Brutus refused it, because he said he was a Person prin∣cipled for Liberty, though ingaged to the Tyrant. At first the multitude abhorred, and were amazed at the Fact, but afterwards they applauded it, when they saw that neither power nor spoil was the design, but honest Liberty, yea, the Senate entertained, secured, honoured & imployed them in several Provinces, particularly Brutus in Creet: who committed two Faults; first, in saving An∣thony their close Enemy, and next in publishing Caesars popular will, and solemnizing his Funeral, at which Anthony, by his Speech, and shewing Caesars bloody Gar∣ments, inraged the multitude so far, that Brutus and his Friends retired to Athens, for fear of Gaesars Soldi∣ers, and there got as many Romans together, as he could prevail upon, with whom he resolved to try his For∣tune, affirming, That he would either die, or live with Li∣berty, and rid his Country of Bondage by Battle, or himself by death; Here Cassius met him with more Forces, and as they were about to pass their Army toward Rome, an horrible Spectacle is said to appear to Brutus; for in the dead of the night, when the Moon shined not very bright, and all the Army was in silence, a black Image of an huge and horrid Body appeared to Brutus, stan∣ding silent by him, his Candle being almost out, and he

sitting musing about the issue of the War, Brutus with an equal constancy both of mind and countenance, said, What Man or God art thou? The Spirit answered, I am thy evil Genius, and thou shalt see me again at Philippi; Brutus couragiously replied, I will see thee there then; so the Spirit disappeared, but as he had said, appeared to him again in those Fields of Philippi, where Brutus and Cassius soon after lost a great Battle against Anthony and Octavius, and their Army being utterly routed, Brutus passed the following melancholy night with some few others in the Woods and Rocks, where the same Spe∣ctre appear'd again to him, and vanished without speaking a word; he then recollecting the loss of his Friends, pitying his Country more than himself, and applauding his own virtue more then his Enemies Con∣quest, did what he looked upon to be neither offensive to Heaven, nor unworthy of a Man, for like Cato his Father in Law, his Friends refusing to do it, he killed himself with his own Sword. Plutarchs Lives. Of this great Person, hear what our incomparable Cowley sings.

I.

EXcellent Brutus, of all Humane Race The best, till Nature was improv'd by Grace. Till men above themselves, faith raised more Than Reasou above Beasts before. Virtue was thy lifes center, and from thence Did silently, and constantly dispense The gentle vigorous influence, To all the wide and fair circumference. And all the parts upon it lean'd so easily, Obey'd the mighty force so willingly, That none could discord, or disorder see In all their Contrariety. Each had his Motion natural and free; And th' whole no more mov'd than the whole World could be.

II.

From thy strict rule some think that thoudidst swerve, (Mistaken honest Men) in Caesars blood; What Mercy could the Tyrants life deserve, From him who kill'd Himself rather than serve? Th' Heroick Exaltations of Good, Are so far from Ʋnderstood. We count them Vice; alass our sight's so ill, That things which swiftest move, seem to stand still. We look not upon Virtue in her height, On her supream Idea, brave and bright, In the Original Light; But as her Beams reflected pass, Through her own Nature, or ill Customs Glass. And 'tis no wonder so, If with dejected Eye, In standing Pools we seek the Sky. That Stars so high above, should seem to us below.

III.

Can we stand by and see Our Mother rob'd, and bound, and ravisht be, Yet not to her assistance stir, Pleas'd with the Strength and Beauty of the Ravisher? Or shall we fear to kill him, if before The Cancel'd name of Friend he bore? Ingrateful Brutus do they call? Ingrateful Caesar who could Rome inthrall! An Act more barbarous, and unnatural, (In th' exact Ballance of true Virtue try'd) Than his Successor Nero's Parricide! There's nought but Brutus could deserve, That all men else should wish to serve, And Caesars usurpt place to him should proffer; None can defer't but be who would refuse the offer.

IV.

Ill Fate assum'd a Body thee t' affright, And wrapt it self i'th terrors of the Night, I'le meet thee at Philippi, said the Spright, I'le meet thee there, saidst Thou, With such a voice, and such a brow, As put the trembling Ghost to sudden flight, It vanish't as a Tapers Light, Goes out when Spirits appear in sight; One would have thought 't had heard the morning Crow. Or seen her well appointed Star, Come marching up the Eastern Hill afar. Nor durst it in Philippi's Field appear. But unseen attacqued thee there. Had it presum'd in any shape thee to oppose, Thou wouldst have forc'd it back upon thy Foes; Or slain't like Caesar, though it be A Conqueror, and a Monarch mightier far than He.

V.

What joy can humane things to us afford, When we see perish thus by odd events, Ill men, and wretched Accidents? The best Cause, and the best Man that ever drew a Sword. When we see The false Octavius, and wild Anthony, Godlike Brutus, conquer thee? What can we say but thine own Tragick Word, That Virtue, which had worshipt been by thee, As the most solid Good, and greatest Deity, By this fatal proof became An Idol only, and a Name? Hold noble Brutus, and restrain The bold voice of thy generous Disdain; These mighty Gulphs are yet Too deep for all thy Judgment, and thy Wit.

The Time's set forth already, which shall quell Stiff Reason, when it offers to Rebel. Which these great Secrets shall unseal, And new Philosophies reveal. A few years more, so soon hadst thou not dy'd, Would have confounded Humane Virtues pride, And shew'd thee a God Crucifi'd.

XXI. Conradus the Third, Emperour of Germany, be∣sieged Guelphus Duke of Bavaria, in the City of Wensburg in Germany; the Women perceiving that the Town could not possibly hold out long, petitioned the Emperor that they might depart only with so much as each of them could carry on their backs; which the Emperor condescended to; expecting they would have loaden themselves with Silver and Gold; but they all came forth with every one her Husband on her back, whereat the Emperor was so moved, that he wept, re∣ceived the Duke into his favour, gave all the men their Lives, and extolled the Women with deserved Praises. Bodin relates, that the Duke Laurence Medicis was resto∣red to his health by the only reading this story, when he had long in vain expected it from the endeavours of his Physicians. Camerarius spare hours, p. 228.

XXII. Thus far as to excellent fruits of Conjugal Love; and yet we shall find that Paternal, or Fatherly Indulgence hath equalled, if not excelled them; for that natural affection which we bear toward them that pro∣ceed from us, we have in common with other Creatures, the Poet hath expressed it to be in the nature of the most cruel of all other Beasts.

—The Tyger which most thirsts for blood, Seeing her self rob'd of her tender brood; Lyes down lamenting in her Scythian Den, And licks the prints where her lost Whelps had lain.

Yet this affection reigns with greater power in the Souls of some than others, and the effects of it have

been such, as cannot but detain us with some pleasure in the perusal of them. In 1541. Eckius Raschacius a German Captain, was at the Siege of Buda, whose Son, a valiant young Gentleman being got out of the Army without his Fathers knowledge, carried himself so va∣liantly in a skirmish against the Turks in the sight of his Father, and the whole German Army, that he was high∣ly commended of all men, and especially of his Father, who yet knew him not; & after a gallant fight, before he could clear himself, and make a retreat, he was incom∣passed by his Enemies, and valiantly defending himself for some time, was at last unhappily slain; Raschacius ex∣ceedingly moved for the death of so brave a man, but ignorant how near it concerned himself, turning about to the other Commanders, said; This gallant Gentleman, whatsoever he be, is worthy of everlasting commendations, and to be most honourably buried of any Person in the whole Army; as the rest of the Captains were with the like compas∣sion approving his Speech, the dead body of the unfor∣tunate Son being rescued, was presented to the misera∣ble Father, which caused all that were there to shed Tears, but such a sudden and inward passion of grief surprized the aged sorrowful Father, and struck so to his heart, that after he had stood a while speechless, with his Eyes set in his head, he suddenly fell down dead. Turkish History.

XXIII. Mahomet the second, Emperour of the Turks, was no sooner possessed of his Fathers Throne, but like a young Tyrant, forgetring the Laws of Nature, he presently in Person himself was about to have mur∣dered with his own hands his youngest Brother, then but eighteen months old, begotten on the fair Daugh∣ter of Sponderbeius; which unnatural part, Moses one of his Bassas, and a man greatly in his favour, perceiving, requested him not to imbrue his own Royal hands in the blood of his Brother, but rather to commit the exe∣cution thereof to some other, which thing Mahomet commanded him, the Author of that Counsel, forth∣with to do; so Moses taking the Child from the Nurse,

strangled it, with pouring water down the throat thereof. The young Lady understanding the death of her Child, as a Woman whom fury had made past fear, came and in her rage reviled the Tyrant to his very face, shamefully upbraiding him for his inhumane cruelty; when Mahomet to appease her fury, requested her to be content, for that it stood with the policy of his State, and willed her for her better contentment to ask whatsoever she pleased, & she should forthwith have it; but she desiring nothing more, but in some sort to be revenged, desired to have Moses the Executioner of her Son, delivered unto her bound, which when she had obtained, she presently struck him into the Breast with a Knite, crying in vain upon his unthankful Master for help, and proceeding in her cruel execution, cut an hole in his right side, and by piecemeal cut out his Liver, and cast it to the Dogs to eat, to that extremity did she resent the death of her beloved Son. Knowls Turkish Hist.

XXIV. Aegeus stood upon an high Rock, whence he might see a great way upon the Sea, in expectation of the return of his Son Theseus from Creet, having made him promise at his departure, That if all things went well with him, at his return his Ship should be set forth with Sails and streamers of a white colour, to express the Joyfulness of his return. The old man after his long watching, at last did discern the Ship making homewards, but it seems they had forgot to advance the white Colours as they had promised; when therefore Aegeus saw nothing but black, concluding that his Son had miscarried in his journey, and was dead, not able to endure the grief he had conceived thereof, he threw himself into the Sea, from the top of the Rock whereon he stood, and so died, Langii Polyanth. p. 848.

XXV. Solon was a Person famous throughout all Greece, as having given Laws to the Athenians; he being in his Travels, came to Miletum to converse with Thales, one of the wise men of Greece, these two walking to∣gether upon the Market-place, one comes to Solon, and

tells him, That his Son was dead; being afflicted with this unexpected, as well as unwelcome news, he fell to tearing of his beard, hair, and cloths, and fowling of his face in the dust; immediately a great confluence of People came about him, whom he entertained with howlings, and tears; when he had lain long on the ground, and delivered himself up to all manner of ex∣pressions of grief, unworthy the Person he sustained, so renowned for gravity and wisdom, Thales bid him be of good courage, for the whole of the Relation was but a contrivance of his, who by this experiment had desi∣red to try whether it was convenient for a wise man to marry, and have Children, as Solon had persuaded him to do; but that now he was sufficiently satisfied it was no way necessary, seeing he perceived that the loss of a Child might occasion a Person famous for wisdom to discover all the signs of a madman. Sabel. Exercit. lib. 3.

XXVI. Charles the Great, was so great a lover of his Sons and Daughters, that he never dined, and supt without them; he went no whither upon any Jour∣ny, but he took them along with him, and when he was asked, why he did not marry his Daughters, and send his Children abroad to see the world, his reply was, That he was not able to bear their absence. Zuinglius Theat. vol. 1.

XXVII. Artobarzanes resigned the Kingdom of Cap∣padocia to his Son in the presence of Pompey the Great; the Father had ascended the Tribunal of Pompey, and was invited to sit with him in the Royal Seat, but as soon as he observed his Son to sit with the Secretary in a lower place than his Fortune deserved, he could not endure to see him placed below himself, but descending from his Seat, he placed the Diadem upon his Sons Head and bid him go, and sit in that place from whence he was newly risen; at these words, tears fell from the Eyes of the young man, his body trembled, the Dia∣dem fell from his Head, nor could he endure to go thither where he was commanded; and which is almost beyond all credit, he was glad who gave up his Crown,

and he was sorrowful to whom it was given; nor had this glorious strife come to any end, unless Pompeys Au∣thority had joined itself to the Fathers will, for he pro∣nounced the Son a King, commanded him to take the Diadem, and compelled him to sit with him in the Throne. Valer. Maxim. p. 152.

XXVIII. Socrates was one day surprized by Alcibi∣ades, childishly sporting with his Son Lamprochus, and when he was sufficiently derided by Alcibiades upon that account; You have not, said he, such reason as you imagine▪ to laugh so profusely at a Father playing with his Child, seeing you know nothing of that affection which Parents have for their Children; contain your self then till you come to be a Fa∣ther your self when perhaps you will be found as ridiculous as I now seem to be. Lang. Polyan p. 847.

XXX. Agesilaus was above measure indulgent to his Children, and the Spartans reproached him, that for the love of his Son Archidamus, he had concerned him∣self so far as to hinder a just Judgment, and by his in∣tercession for the Malefactors had involved the City in the guilt of being injurious to Greece; he used also at home to ride upon an Hobby-horse with his little Children, and being once by a Friend of his found so doing, He intreated him not to discover that act of his to any man, till such time as he himself was become the Fa∣ther of Children. Plutarchs Lives.

XXXI. And though it may be we may not find so many instances in History, of the Love, Reverence, and Piety of Children to their Parents, yet we read of some in all Ages, who have this way intituled them∣selves to the promise of God, and have thereby had a kind of earnest given them of being worthy and pros∣perous Persons, as may be seen in divers of the follow∣ing Examples. Marcus Coriolanus having well deserved of the Commonwealth of Rome, was yet unjustly con∣demned, whereupon he fled to the Volsci, at that time in Arms against Rome, and being made their chief Com∣mander, he presently rendred himself very formidable to the Romans; Ambassadours were sent to appease him,

but to no purpose, the Priests met him with intreaties in their Pontifical Vestments, but were also returned without effect; the Senate was astonished, the People trembled, as well the Men as the Women, bewailing the destruction that now was sure to fall upon them. Then Volumnia the Mother of Coriolanus, taking Volumnia his Wife along with her, and also his Children, went to the Camp of the Volsci, whom as soon as the Son saw, being one that was an intire lover of his Mother, he made hast to imbrace her; she angrily said, First, let me know before I suffer myself to be imbraced by you, whether I am come to a Son or an Enemy, and whether I am a Captive, or a Mother in your Camp? Much more she added after this manner with tears in her Eyes; he moved with the tears of his Mother, Wife and Children, imbracing his Mother, You have conquered, saith he, and my Country hath overcome my just anger, being prevailed upon by the intreaties of her, in whose Womb I was conceived. And so he freed the Roman Fields, and the Romans themselves from the sight and fear of those Enemies he had led against them. Plutarchs Lives. p. 230.

XXXII. There happened in Italy (sath Causin) as it of∣ten happens, a great irruption of Mount Aetna, nowcalled Mount Gibel, it murmurs, burns, belches up flames, and throws out its fiery Entrails, making all the world to fly from it; it happened then, that in this violent, and horrible breach of flames, every one flying, and carrying away what they had most precious with them. Two Sons, the one called Anapias, the other Amphino∣mus, careful of the wealth and goods of their Houses, reflected on their Father and Mother, both very old, who could not save themselves from the Fire by flight, and where shall we, said they, find a more precious Treasure than those who begat us? The one took up his Father on his Shoulders, the other his Mother, and so made pas∣sage through the flames; it is an admirable thing (saith my Author) that Almighty God, in consideration of this Piety, though Pagans did a miracle, for the Monu∣ments of all Antiquity witness, that the devouring flames,

stayed at this spectacle, and the fire wasting, and broil∣ing all about them, the way only through which these two Sons passed was tapestried with fresh verdure and greenness, and called afterward by Posterity, The Field of the Pious, in memory of this Accident. Causins Holy Court. Tom 1.

XXXIII. There were three Brothers, whoupon the death of the King their Father, fell out amongst them∣selves about the Succession in the Kingdom, at last they agreed to stand to the judgment, and determination of a Neighbour King, to whom they fully referred the matter; he therefore commanded the dead body of the Father to be fetcht out of his Monument, and ordered, that each of them should shoot an Arrow at his heart, and he that hit it, or came the nearest to it, should suc∣ceed; the Elder shot first, and his Arrow past through the Throat of his Father; the second Brother shot his Father into the Breast, but yet missed the heart, the youngest detesting this wickedness, I had rather, said he, yield all to my Brothers, and utterly resign up all my pretences to the Kingdom, than to treat the body of my Father with this Contumely; this saying of his considered, the King passed Sentence, That he alone was worthy of the Kingdom, as ha∣ving given evidence how much he excelled his Brothers in Vir∣tue, by the Piety he had shewed to the dead body of his Father. Leon. Theat. p. 278.

XXXIV. A Roman Praetor or Judge had sentenced to death a Woman of good birth for a Capital Crime, and had delivered her over to the Triumvir to be killed in Prison; the Jaylor that received her, moved with compassion, did not presently strangle her, but permit∣ted her Daughter to come often to her, being first dili∣gently searched, lest she should convey in any suste∣nance to her, the Jaylor expecting that she should die of Famine; when therefore divers days had passed, wondring within himself what it might be that might occasion her to live so long, he one day set himself to observe her Daughter with greater curiosity, and then discovered how with the milk in her Breasts, she allay∣ed

the Famine of her Mother; the news of this strange spectacle of the Daughter, suckling her Mother, was by him carried to the Triumvir, and from him to the Praetor, who brought the cause to the Judgment of the Consul, who pardoned the Woman as to the Sentence of death passed upon her, and to preserve the memory of that act, where her Prison stood, they caused an Altar to be erected to Piety. Plinys Nat. Hist.

XXXV. When the City of Troy was taken, the Greeks did, as became gallant men; for, pitying the mis∣fortune of their Captives, they caused it to be proclai∣med, that every free Citizen had liberty to take a∣long with him any one thing that he desired; Aeneas therefore neglecting all other things, carried out with him his Houshold Gods; the Greeks delighted with the Piety of the man, gave him a further permission to car∣ry out with him any other thing from his House, where∣upon he took upon his shoulders his Father, who was grown old and decrepit, and carried him forth; the Grecians were extreamly affected with this fight, and deed of his, and thereupon gave him all that was his own, confessing, that nature itself would not suffer them to be enemies, but Friends to such as preserved so great Piety toward Heaven, and so great a Reverence to their Parents. Aelian Var. Hist.

XXXVI. Otho the second Emperor of Germany, had a Son named Luitolphus, a valiant and haughty young man, who taking offence at his Fathers second Marriage, re∣belled against him, being assisted by many considerable Persons; hereupon Otho raised a great Army to suppress them, but Luitolphus not finding himself able to en∣counter his Father in the Field, betook himself to the City of Mentz, where his Father besieged him for the space of threescore days, and severely battered the Ci∣ty, which yet was as valiantly defended against him; but at last the Besieged made a motion for Peace, where∣upon a Truce was granted; during which, Luitolphus and his Partizan found an opportunity in the night to leave Mentz, and betake himself to Ratisbone; the Em∣peror

without one days delay, followed them to Ratis∣bone, which was better fortified, and provided than Mentz, and so the Siege was more difficult and doubt∣ful, and in the Assaults and Sallies, many brave men perished on each side; yet soon after Luitolphus sued to his Father for Peace and Pardon, which the Emperor at length, by the mediation of some Prelates limited to a certain time, wherein his Sons faults, and offences should be examined, and a Treaty should be held to conclude all matters; upon which Luitolphus surrendred the City, and absented himself from his Fathers pre∣sence, till he saw the issue; but before the time prefixed was expired, the Emperor being hunting, Luitolphus ha∣ving been convinced, and really sensible of his Fault, without any security from his Father, came before him in the Fields bare-headed, and bare-footed and kneel∣ing at his Fathers feet, wept; the Father being amazed at this strange, and unexpected rencounter, stood still, and the Son at last recovering his Spirits, intreated him to have compassion on him, acknowledging his faults, and offences to have been very great, and rather deser∣ving a thousand deaths, than any pardon, but being heartily sorry for the same, he like the Prodigal Son, presented himself before his Father, who had also a Father in Heaven, by whom he hoped to be forgiven; and if he would please to grant him his life, he would assure him to be ever after a Loyal and Obedient Son, who lived, and would continually live in a constant for∣row for what was past, and if he intended to deal o∣therwise with him, he yet desired him to remember, That he was his own flesh, and blood, and that though the of∣fence were only his, yet the just Father must needs bear a part of the punishment inflicted upon the guilty Son, but that in shew∣ing mercy, no inconvenience could ensue; and that if he should be inexorable, he should lose the most Obedient Son that ever Father had; having ended these, and many other words to the same effect, he with great humility prostrated himself upon the Earth, expecting his Fathers Sentence, either of Life or Death; this struck so great an impres∣sion

into the Emperors heart, to hear, and see his Son shew such humility, and to shed so many tears, that he could not forbear to do the like; and commanding him to arise from the ground, with joy mixed with tears, both from himself, and his Attendants, he immediately pardoned him, and restored him to his Grace, and Fa∣therly love, and to the same Offices and Dignities he had before, and from thence forward the Son continu∣ed constant in that Loyalty and Duty which he owed to his Father, and Soveraign Lord, so long as they lived together. Imperial. Hist. p. 423.

XXXVII. A Son of the Lord Montpensier, an Italian, going to Puzzuolo to visit the Sepulcher of his Father, was so overcharged with Passion, that after he had washed all the parts of his Monument with his lamen∣table Tears, he fainted, and fell down dead upon the Sepulcher of his Father. Guichardine Ital. Hist. p. 261.

XXXVIII. Decimus; Emperor of Rome, had a pur∣pose, and earnest desire to set the Crown upon the head of his Son Decius, out he utterly refused it, saying, I fear lest being made an Emperor, I should forget that I am a Son, I had rather be no Emperor, and a dutiful Son, than an Empe∣ror, and such a Son as hath forsaken his due obedience; let then my Father bear the Rule, and let this be my Empire to obey with all humility whatsoever he shall command me; By this means the Solemnity was put off, and the young Man was not Crowned, unless you will say, that his signal Piety to∣wards his Parent, was a more glorious Crown to him, than that which consisted of Gold and Jewels. Valer. Maxim. lib. 4.

XXXIX. In the Civil Wars of Rome, between Au∣gustus, and Mark Anthony, as it often falls out, that Fathers, & Sons, & Brothers & Brothers take contrary part, so in that last Battel at Actium, where Augustus was Conque∣ror, when the Prisoners, as the Custom is, were counted up, Metellus was brought to Octavianus, whose face, tho much changed by anxiety and imprisonment, was known by Metellus his Son, who had been on the contrary part; withtears therefore he runs into the imbraces of his

Father, and then turning to Augustus; This thy Enemy, said he, hath deserved death, but I am worthy of some reward for the service I have done thee; I therefore beseech thee instead of that which is owing me, that thou wouldst preserve this man, and cause me to be killed in his stead; Augustus moved with this piety, though a great Enemy, gave to the Son the life of the Father. Lonic. Theat. 273.

XL. Demetrius the King of Asia, and Macedonia, was taken Prisoner in Battel by Seleucus King of Syria; after which Antigonus his Son was the quiet possessour of his Kingdom, yet did he change the Royal Purple into a mourning habit, and in continual tears sent abroad his Ambassadours to the Neighbouring Kings, that they would interpose in his Fathers behalf for the obtaining of his Liberty; he also sent to Seleucus, and promised him the Kingdom, and himself as an hostage and securi∣ty, if he would free his Father from Prison; after he knew that his Father was dead, he set forth a great Na∣vy, and went out to receive the body of the deceased, which by Seleucus was sent toward Macedonia; he recei∣ved it with such mournful Solemnity, and so many tears, as turned all men into wonder and compassion, Antigonus stood in the Poop of a great Ship built for that purpose, cloathed in black, bewailing his dead Father; the Ashes were inclosed in a golden Urn, over which he stood, a continual, and disconsolate Spectator; he caused to be sung the Virtues, and Noble Atchievements of the deceased Prince, with voices form'd to Piety and La∣mentation; the Rowers also in the Gallies, so ordered the stroaks of their Oars, that they kept time with the mournful voices of the others; in this manner the Navy came near to Corinth, so that the Rocks and Shores them∣selves seemed to be moved to mourning. Plutarchs Lives. Thus far of Paternal, and Filial Love, let us pro∣ceed to that between Brethren.

XLI. It is usually counted rare to see Brothers live together in mutual love and agreement with each o∣ther, and it is likewise commonly observed; that their Animosities have been managed with greater rancour &

bitterness, than if they had been the greatest Strangers; on the other side where this Fraternal Love has rightly seated it self in the Soul, it has appeared as real and vi∣gorous as any other sort of Love whatsoever; of which there want not very remarkable Instances. In the year 1585. the Portugal Ship, called St. Jago, was cast away upon the Shallows near St. Lawrence, and towards the Coast of Mosambique; here it was that divers Persons had leapt into the great Boat to save their lives, and finding that it was overburdened, they chose a Captain, whom they swore to obey, who caused them to cast Lots, and such as the Lot fell upon to be cast overboard; there was one of those that in Portugal are called New Christians, who being allotted to be cast overboard in∣to the Sea, had a younger Brother in the same Boat, that suddenly rose up, and desired the Captain that he would pardon, and make free his Brother, and let him supply his place; saying, My Brother is elder, and of better know∣ledge in the World than I, and therefore more fit to live in the World, and to help my Sisters and Friends in their need, so that Thad rather die for him, than live without him; at which request they saved the elder Brother, and threw the younger at his own desire into the Sea, who swum at least six hours after the Boat; and though they held up their hands with naked Swords, willing him that he should not once come to touch the Boat; yet laying hold thereon, and having his hand half cut in two, he would not let go, so that in the end, they were constrai∣ned to take him in again; both these Brethren I knew (saith my Author) and have been in company with them. Linschotens Voyages. p. 147.

XLII. When the Emperor Augustus had taken Adia∣toriges, a Prince of Cappadocia, together with his Wife and Children in War, and had led them to Rome in Tri∣umph, he gave order that the Father, & the elder of the Brothers should be slain. The designed Ministers of this Execution were come to the place of restraint, to this unfortunate Family, and there inquiring which of the Brethren was the eldest, there arose a vehement and

earnest contention between the two young Princes, each of them affirming himself to be the Elder, that by his death he might preserve the life of the other; when they had long continued in this pious Emulation, the Mother at last, not without difficulty, persuaded her Son Dye∣tentus, that he would permit his younger Brother to die in his stead, as hoping that by him she might be more probably maintained. Augustus was at length certified of this great example of Brotherly love, and not only lamented that act of his severity, but gave an honoura∣ble support to the Mother, and her surviving Son. Hey∣woods Hist. Women.

XLIII. Heliodorus the Brittain, had afterward the Sir∣name of Pius upon this occasion; the People provoked with the Cruelty, and Avarice of Archigallus, had de∣posed him, and raised Heliodorus to the Throne of his Brother; one time when the King went on hunting, he accidentally met with his Brother Archigallus in a Wood, whose altered visage, and ragged cloths, gave sufficient evidence of his afflicted condition; as soon as the King knew him, though he was not ignorant how he had sought his Restoration both by force and fraud, yet he lovingly imbraced him, and caused him privately to be conveyed into the City. The King pretended he was sick, and giving forth that he would dispose of the Affairs of the Realm by his last Will and Testament, he called his Nobles together, he then signified that he would confer in private with each of them singly, and as every man entered into his Chamber, he caused him to be laid hold on, threatning him with death, if he would not consent to the sparing of his Brother, and that he should resign the Throne and Kingdom to him, having by this means gained an universal assent, he then opened the business in the presence of them altogether, so that Archigallus was restored to the Kingdom, and he dying in few years, Heliodorus succeeded him with equal Justice and Glory. Fulgosus Examples, p. 634.

XLIV. There was a Soldier in the Camp of Pom∣peius, who in the War with Sertorius, perceiving a Sol∣dier

on the other side to press hard upon him, he sought with him hand to hand, and having slain him, he went about to strip him of his Arms, which when he had done, he found it was his Brother, who had fallen under him, whereupon having a long time curst his unhappy Fate, he carried his dead Brother into the Camp, and having covered the Body with a precious Garment, he laid the Corps upon the Funeral Pile, and put fire to it; which done, he immediately drew the same Sword wherewith he had slain his Brother, and thrust it into his own Breast, and so falling prostrate upon the dead Body of his Brother, they were both burned together. Valerius Maximus, p. 146.

XLV. There was a report (though a false one) that Eumenes King of Asia, was slain by the fraud of Perseus, upon the news whereof, his Brother Attalus seized up∣on the Crown, and married the Wife of his Brother, but being informed of Eumenes his return, he went forth to meet him, not without apprehensions of fear, in re∣gard of what he had done in his absence; Eumenes made no shew of his displeasure, only whispered him in the Ear; That before he married another Mans Wife, he should besure her Husband was dead. This was all, and not long after dying, though by his Wife he had a Son of his own, yet he left the Kingdom to his Brother, together with the Queen his Wife. Attalus on the other side, that he might not be surpassed in Brotherly love, though he had many Children by his own Wife, yet he educa∣ted that Son she had by Eumenes, to the hope of the Kingdom, and when he came of sufficient Age, freely resigned up all to him, and lived a private life many years after. Burtons Melancholy. p. 564.

XLVI. Darius King of Persia, being extreamly pro∣voked by Crimes of an extraordinary nature, had pro∣nounced Sentence of death upon Ithaphernes, his Chil∣dren, and the whole Family of them at once; the Wife of Ithaphernes went to the Kings Pallace, and there all in tears, was so loud in her mournful Lamentations, that her cries coming to the Kings Ear, moved him in such

manner to compassion, that the King sent her word, That with her own, he gave her the life of any single Person whom she would make choice of among the condemned; the Woman begged the life of her Brother; Darius wondred that she should rather ask his life; than that of her Husband, or any of her Children; and therefore asked her the reason; who replied, That since her Father was dead, she could never hope for a Brother more, if she should lose this, but that her self being but young as yet, might hope for another Hus∣band, and other Children; Darius was moved with this answer, and being inclined to Brotherly love, as well as prudence, he gave her also the life of her eldest Son. Heywoods Hist. Women.

XLVII. Tiberius being at Ticinum, and hearing that his Brother Drusus lay sick in Germany, he immediately put himself on an hasty Journey to give him a visit; he passed the Alps, and the Rhine, and changing his Horse night and day, he travelled outright two hundred miles with only one Person in his Company as his Guide; Drusus though at that time labouring for life, being in∣formed of his coming, commanded his Legions with their Ensigns to march out, and meet him, and to sa∣lute him by the Title of Imperator, or Emperor; he orde∣red a Praetorial Tent to be erected for him on the right hand of his own, and gave him the Confular, and Impe∣rial name; at the same time yielding this honour to his Brother, and his Body to death. Valerius Maximus, p. 146.

XLVIII. Great was the love of Timolaeon the Corin∣thian to his Brother, for when in a Battel with the Ar∣gives, he saw his Brother fall down dead with the wounds he had received, he leaped over the dead body of his Brother, and with his Shield he protected the body as it lay; and though in this enterprize he was sore woun∣ded himself, yet would he not retreat into any place of safety, till such time as he had seen the dead body of his Brother carried off from the Field. Fulgosus lib. 5.

XLIX. Neither has the extraordinary Love of Ser∣vants toward their Masters, wanted great Examples,

some of whom have discovered eminent Fidelity, and Virtue, so that Fortune may seem to have treated them injuriously, not to allot them as great advantages as their Masters they lived under; for we read, that the Servant of Ʋrbinius Panopion, knowing that the Soldiers commissioned to kill his Master, were come to his House at Reatina, changed cloths with him, and having put his Masters Ring upon his Finger, he sent him out at a post∣ern door, but went himself to the Chamber, and threw himself upon the Bed, where he was slain in his Masters stead; Panopion by this means escaped; and afterwards when the times would permit it, erected a Noble Monu∣ment, with a due inscription in memory of the true Fidelity of so good a Servant. Lipsius Monitor, p. 332.

L. The Hungarians had conspired against Sigismund, King of Hungary and Bohemia, but the Plot being disco∣vered, the principal persons were all taken, brought to Buda, and there beheaded; Stephanus Contius was the chief of these Conspirators, who having thereupon lost his Head, Chioka his Esquire lamented the death of his Lord with such outcries, that the King took notice of him, and said unto him, I am now become thy Lord and Master, and it is in my power to do thee much more good than can be expected from that headless Trunk; To whom the young man replied; I will never be the Servant of a Bo∣hemian Hog, I had rather be torn into a thousand pieces, than to desert a Master of so great Magnanimity as all the Bohe∣mians together are not able to equal. And thereupon he vo∣luntarily laid down his Head on the block, and had it severed from his Shoulders, that he might no longer survive his Master. Zuinglius Theat. p. 215.

LI. Grimoaldus, Duke of Benevento, was invited by Gondibert King of the Lombards to assist him against Par∣tharis his Brother; he came accordingly, and having thrown out the one, he slew the other Brother he came to defend, and so made himself King of Lombardy, and when he knew that Partharis was retreated to Ca∣lanus Duke of Bavaria, he wrought so, that he was ex∣pelled from thence; Partharis not knowing whither to

betake himself in safety, comes as a suppliant, and com∣mits himself to the faith of Grimoaldus, but he observing that numbers of his Subjects flocked daily to visit him, and fearing lest by the favour of the People he should some time or other recover the Kingdom, not regarding his Oath, he resolved to make him away, and that he might perform it with less noise and tumult, he inten∣ded first to make him drunk, and then send his Guards to cut his Throat, while he lay buried in Wine and sleep. This Counsel of his was not so privately carried, but that it came to the ear of Partharis, he therefore commands his Cup-bearer to give him Water constant∣ly instead of Wine, lest his troubled head should prove unmindful of the danger he was in, nor could he ab∣stain altogether from drinking, lest Grimoaldus his Spies should discover that he had intimation of his In∣tentions; the better therefore to colour the matter, after large drinking he caused himself to be carried by his Servants into his Chamber, as if to sleep out his de∣bauch; there he consults with Hunulphus his most faith∣ful Servant, who thought it not safe to go forth, since the Servants of Grimoaldus stood watching at the Gate; but in regard necessity compelled, and that there was no other way of escape, he orders it thus, he covers his Head and Shoulders with the skin of a Bear, which was there by chance, after the manner of a Country Clown, and lays upon his back a Mattress, as if he was a Porter, to carry it away, and then with good blows of a Cudgel drove him out of the Chamber; by this Contrivance he passed unknown through the Guards, and accompanied with one Servant, got safe into France; about midnight the Guards came to kill Partharis, but were opposed by Hunulphus, who besought them not to disturb the rest of his Master now sleeping, but to suf∣fer him to sleep out the large drinking he had that night; twice they were thus put back, but the third time they broke by force into the Chamber, and not finding Par∣tharis, whom they had determined to kill, they inquire of Hunulphus what was become of him, who told them

plainly he was fled, and confessed that himself was the contriver of his flight; Grimoaldus admiring his fideli∣ty, who to save his Master, had cast himself into such manifest danger of his life, freed him from that punish∣ment, that all cried he was worthy of, and with many promises allured him that from thenceforth he would change Masters, and serve him with the like fidelity as he had done the former. Dinoth. Memorab. p. 301.

LII. There was a Citizen of Rome condemned by the Sentence of the Triumvirate, who for fear of his life fled, and hid himself in a Cave of the Earth; one of his Servants observed the approach of them that came to murther him, and having thereupon advised him to retire to the lowest, and most secret part of the Cave, he himself put on his Masters Gown, pretending to the Pursuers, that he was the Person they sought after, be∣ing desirous to save the life of his Patron, with the loss of his own; but one of his fellow Servants betrayed him in this officious Design, so that the Master was fetch∣ed out of his hiding place and slain, when this was known to the People of Rome, they would not be satis∣fied, till the betrayer of his Master was Crucified, and he that attempted to save him, was set at liberty. Di∣noth. p. 293.

LIII. The Tyrians having maintained long Wars a∣gainst the Persians were much weakned thereby, which occasioned their slaves, being many in number, to rise against their Masters, whom they put all to the Sword, together with their Children, and then seized upon their Houses, together with their Wives, whom they Marri∣ed; only one of these slaves being more merciful than the rest, spared his Master Straton, and his Son, and hid them; the slaves having thus got possession of all, con∣sulted together to chuse a King, and concluded that he who could first discern the Sun at his rising, should be King, whereupon the forementioned slave consulted with his Master about the business, who advised him, when others looked into the East, that he should look into the West, for which he was well scoffed at by his

Companions; but presently he espied the Sun-beams shining upon the high Towers and Chimnies in the Ci∣ty, and so challenged the Kingdom; his Companions would needs know who taught him his wit, at last he told them, whereupon fetching out old Straton, they gave him not only his life, but elected him their King, who having once been a Master, and free born, they thought was fittest to rule all the rest that were slaves. Justin. Hist. lib. 18.

LIV. Menenius was in the number of those that were condemned by the Triumvirate, and when a Servant of his perceived that his Masters House was inclosed with a company of Soldiers that came to kill him, he caused himself to be put into a Litter, wherein his Master u∣sed to be carried, and ordered some of his fellow Ser∣vants to carry him forth in it; the Soldiers supposing that it was Menenius himself, slew him there; where∣upon looking no farther, his Master cloathed in a Ser∣vants habit, had the means and opportunity to escape in∣to Italy. Fulgosus Ex. lib. 8.

LV. These are the instances of such Servants, as no consideration whatsoever could move to disloyalty, or infidelity toward their Masters; such examples as these are few and rare, whereas the world is full of those of the contrary, of which I shall conclude with one in∣stance, of a Servant who was not altogether of so vir∣tuous an humour as the aforenamed. Lewis the Twelfth of France, going to Bayon, lay in a Village called Espernon, near Bordeaux; now upon the great Road between these two places, the Bayliff had built a very noble House; the King thought it very strange that in a Country so bare and barren as that was, and amongst Downs and Sands that would bear nothing, the Bayliff should build so fine a House, and at Supper was speaking of it to the Chamberlain of his Houshold; who made answer, that the Bayliff was a rich man, which the King not knowing how to believe, considering the wretched Country his House was seated in, he immediately sent for him, and said unto him these words, Come on Bayliff,

and tell me why you did not build your fine House in some place where the Country was good and fruitful; Sir, answered the Bayliff, I was born in this Country, and find it very good for me; are you so rich, said the King, as they tell me you are; I am not poor, replied the other, I have, blessed be God, where∣withal to live; the King then asked him how it was pos∣sible he should grow so rich in so pitiful a barren Coun∣try; why, very easily, replied the Bayliff; tell me which way then said the King, marry Sir, replied the other, because I have ever had more care to do my own business than that of my Masters, or my Neighbours; the Devil refuse me, said the King, (for that was alwaies his Oath) thy reason is very good for doing so, and rising betimes, thou couldst not chuse but thrive. Montluc. Comment.

LVI. Great hath been the love and strictness of some Persons in their Religion, as well Christians as Heathens, and their Reverence and regard toward it, and it had been highly commendable in the last, had their Devotions been better directed; in the mean time they shame us by being more zealous in their Super∣stition, than we are in the true Religion. In the Reign of Honorius the Emperor, by the perfidiousness of Stilicon, Alaricus King of the Goths, was brought into Italy with a mighty Army, who set upon the City of Rome itself, and took it; and though he was a Man of blood, both by nature and custom, yet such a Reverence had he to Religion, that before he would permit his Soldiers the plunder of the City, by sound of Trumpet he caused his Edict to be proclaimed, That as well the Goods as Lives of all those should be safe, that had retreated into any of the Churches which were consecrated to the Apostles. Monsieur Heraults Discourses. p. 120.

LVII. Pansanias the King of Sparta, and at that time the General of all Greece, in that famous Battel of Pla∣tea, where all the Graecian safety was disputed, when the Enemy drew on, and provoked him, he restrained, and kept in his Soldiers, till such time as the Gods being consulted by Sacrifice, had given incouragement to be∣gin the Fight; this was somewhat long in the perfor∣mance,

so that in the mean time the Enemy interpre∣ting this delay as an effect of fear, began to press hard upon him, so that many of the Greeks fell, yet would he not suffer in this extremity a single Javelin to be thrown against them, but multiplying the Sacrifices, he at last lift up his hands to Heaven, and prayed, That if the Fates had determined that the Graecians should not over∣come, yet at least it might please Heaven that they might not die unrevenged, nor without performing some famous and memo∣rable exploit upon their Enemies; He was heard, and straight the bowels of the Sacrifice promised him success; he marched out, and obtained the Victory; but what a Soul was that? how fixed and earnest in the Holy Rites of his Country? that chose rather to be butchered and slain, than to draw a Sword, while the Gods seemed unwilling. Herodotus Hist.

LVIII. The Aegyptians worshipped Dogs, the Indian Rat, the Cat, Hawk, Wolf, and Crocodile, as their Gods, and observed them with that kind of Religion and Vene∣ration, that if any man whatsoever knowingly, or other∣wise killed any of these, it was death to him without mercy; as a Roman Citizen found to his cost in the time of Diodorus Siculus, who writes it, and avouches himself to be a Spectator and witness of what follows; at such a time, saith he, as Ptolomeus, whom the Romans afterward restored to the Kingdom, was first of all stiled the Associate and Friend of the Senate, and People of Rome, there was a publick Rejoycing, and a mighty concourse of People; it happened that in a great croud, amongst others there were some Romans, and with them a Soldier, who by chance, and not willingly had killed a Cat, upon which there was presently a great cry, and a sudden fury and tumult arose; to pacify which, neither the ignorance of the miserable wretch, nor any Reverence of the Roman Name, no not the com∣mand of the King himself, who had sent the chiefest of his Nobles to appease it, none of all these availed the poor man, but that he was immediately pull'd in pie∣ces by a thousand hands, so that nothing of him was left

either to bury, or to burn; so far had their Superstition, and Reverence, even for such a ridiculous Worship, transported these barbarous Souls. Lipsius Monitor. p. 10.

LIX. When Antiochus had besieged Jerusalem, at such time as the Feast of Tabernacles was to be celebrated, and the People of that City had besought him for a Truce of seven days, that they might securely attend upon that Solemnity, he not only granted, but faith∣fully performed it, and likewise caused a Bull with guilded Horns, together with Incense and Perfumes, and divers Vessels of Gold to be conveyed to the Gates, and delivered into the hands of the Priests, and desired they might be offered unto God; the Jews were so exceed∣ingly moved with this unexpected Benignity, that they yielded themselves, and all that they had to Antiochus. Lipsius Monit. p. 9.

LX. When Jerusalem was besieged by Pompey the Great, upon the day of their Sabbath, though the Jews saw the Romans busied in their preparations against them, and were ready to assault them, though they had advanced their Ensigns upon their Walls, though they had entred the City, and slew indifferently all they met, yet did this People make no resistance, but performed their usual Sacrifice as in time of Peace, and upon no account could be drawn to violate the rest of their Sab∣bath, though for the preservation of their Lives and Estates. Josephus Hist. p. 567.

LXI. Pontius Pilate being sent by Tiberius to be Go∣vernour over the Jews, caused in the night time the Statue of Caesar to be brought into Jerusalem covered, which thing within 3 days after caused a great Tumult among the Jews, for they who beheld it, were astoni∣shed, and moved, as though now the Law of their Coun∣try were prophaned, for they hold it not lawful for any Picture or Image to be brought into the City; at their Lamentation who were in the City, there were gathe∣red together a great multitude out of the Fields adjoy∣ning, and they went presently to Pilate then at Caesarea, beseeching him earnestly that the Images might be ta∣ken

away out of Jerusalem, and that the Law of their Country might remain inviolate, and when Pilate de∣nied their Suit, they prostrated themselves before his House, and there remained lying upon their Faces for five days and nights, never moving; afterward Pilate sitting in his Tribunal, was very careful to call the Jews together before him, as if he would have there given them an answer, when upon the sudden a Company of Armed Soldiers, according to appointment, compassed the Jews about with a Tripple Rank; the Jews were hereat amazed, seeing that which they expected not, then Pilate told them, That unless they would receive the Images of Caesar, he would kill them all, and to that end made a sign to the Soldiers to draw their Swords; the Jews, as though they agreed thereto, fell all down at once, and offered their naked Necks to the stroke of the Sword, crying out, That they would rather lose their lives, than suffer their Religion to be prophaned; then Pilate admi∣ring their constancy, and the strictness of that People in their Religion, presently commanded the Statues to be taken out of the City of Jerusalem. Josephus Hist. lib. 2.

LXII. When King Etheldred, and his Brother Alfred had encountred the Danes a whole day, being parted by the night▪ early the next morning the Battel was re∣•…•…wed, and Alfred being in fight with the Danes, sent to his Brother to make all possible speed to help him, but he being in his Tent at his Devotions, refused to come till he had ended; having finished, he entred the Bat∣tle, relieved the staggering Host, and had a glorious Victory over his Enemies. Malnsburys Chronicle, p. 23.

LXIII. Fulco Earl of Anjou in his old age, minding the welfare of his Soul, according to the Religion of those days went on Pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and having bound his Servants by Oath to do what he should re∣quire, was by them drawn naked to Christs Sepulchre; the Pagans looking on, while one drew him with a wooden yoak put about his neck, the other whipt him on the naked back, he in the mean time saying, Receive O Lord a miserable Perjured and Runaway Servant, vouch∣safe

to receive my Soul O Lord Christ. Malmsoury, p. 23.

LXIV. When the Duke of Saxony made great Prepa∣rations for War against a Pious and devout Bishop of Magdenburg, the Bishop not regarding his defence, appli∣ed himself to his Episcopal Function in the visiting, and well governing of his Church; and when it was told him that the Duke was in his march against him, he re∣plied; I will take care of the Reformation of my Churches, and leave unto God the care of my safety, the Duke had a Spy in the City, who hearing of this an∣swer of the Bishops, gave his Master a speedy account thereof; the Duke having received this Information, did thereupon dismiss his Army, and left off his expe∣dition, saying, He would not fight against him, who had God to fight for him. Chetwind Hist. Collect. p. 442.

LXV. Bishop Ridley offering to Preach before the Lady Mary (afterward Queen Mary) and receiving a re∣pulse, was brought by Sir Thomas Wharton, her Servant into the Dining Room, and desired to drink, which when he had done, he paused a while, looking very sadly, and suddenly broke forth into these words; Surely I have done amiss; why so? quoth the Knight; because I have drank (saith he) in that place where Gods Word being offe∣red, hath been refused; whereas if I had remembred my duty, I should have departed immediately, and shaken off the dust from my Shoes for a testmony against this House. These words were by this Bishop spoken with so much zeal and fervency, that some of the hearers afterward affir∣med that the Hair on their Heads stood upright at them. Clarks Examp. 2 Vol. p. 762.

LXVI. The veracity likewise of some Persons, and their great love to Truth, and hatred of Flattery and Falshood, hath been very remarkable; The Emperor Constantius had besieged Beneventum, when Romualdus the Duke thereof, dispatched Geswaldus privately to Grimo∣aldus, the King of Lombardy, the Dukes Father, to desire him to come with an Army to the assistance of his Son, which he obtained, and was sent away before by Grimo∣aldus, to let his Son know, that he was coming with some

Troops to his Aid; but in his return, by misfortune he fell amongst the Enemies, who being informed of the Auxiliary Forces that were upon their march were in hope to have Beneventum yielded to them before their arrival, if they could make Romualdus to despair of be∣ing relieved; to this purpose they ordered Geswaldus to speak to them what they bid him, and led him to the Walls, but when he came thither, he declared the whole truth to the Besieged, and gave them to under∣stand, that ere long Grimoaldus would be with them with a considerable Army; this cost Geswaldus his life, and the Imperialists raised their Siege the next day after. Fulgosus Ex. p. 425.

LXVII. The Duke of Ossuna as he passed by Barcelo∣na, having got leave of his Majesty to release some Slaves, he went aboard the Cape Gally, and passing through the benches of Slaves, he asked divers of them what their offences were, every one excused himself, one saying, That he was put in out of malice, another by bri∣bery of the Judge, but all of them unjustly; among the rest there was one little sturdy black Fellow, and the Duke asking him what he was in for, Sir, said he, I cannot de∣ny but I am justly put in here, for I wanted Money, and so took a Purse hard by Tarragona, to keep me from starving; The Duke with a little staff he had in his Hand, gave him two or three blows upon the shoulders, saying, You Rogue what do you do among so many honest innocent men, get you gone out of their Company. So he was freed, and the rest remained there, still to tug at the Oar; Howels Letters. p. 32.

LXVIII. When I lived at Ʋtricht (saith Mr. Peach∣man) the reply of that valiant Gentleman Colonel Ed∣monds, was much spoken of, there came a Country man of his out of Scotland, who desiring to be entertained by him, told him, That my Lord his Father, and such Knights and Gentlemen, his Cosen and Kinsmen were in good health; Colonel Edmonds turning to his Friends then by, Gentlemen, saies he, believe not one word he says, my Father is but a poor Baker in Edenburgh, and works hard for his li∣ving,

whom this Knave would make a Lord, to curry favour with me, and make you believe I am a great man born, when there is no such matter. Peachmans Compleat Gentleman, p. 5.

LXVIX. It is said of Augustus Caesar, that after a long inquiry into all the parts of his Empire; he found but one man who was accounted never to have told a Lie, for which cause he was judged to be capable & worthy to be the chief Sacrificer in the Temple. Cornelius Ne∣pos remembers of Titus Pomponius Atticus, a Knight of Rome, and familiar Friend to Tully, that he was never known to speak an untruth, neither but with great im∣patience to hear one related; his uprightness was so re∣markable, that not only private men made suit to him, that they might commit their whole Estate to his Trust, but even the Senate themselves besought him, that he would take the management of divers Offices into his Charge. Heraclides in his History of the Ab∣bot Idur, speaks of him as a Person extreamly devoted to truth, and gives him this threefold commendation, That he was never known to tell a Lie, that he was never heard to speak ill of any man, and lastly, that he used not to speak at all, but when necessity required. Xenocrates the Philosopher was known to be a man of that Fidelity and Truth in speaking, that whereas no mans Testimo∣ny might be taken in any cause, but upon Oath; yet the Athenians, among whom he lived, gave to him alone this priviledge, That his Evidence should be lawful and good without swearing. Laert. Vit. Philos.

LXX. One who was designed for an Agent and Am∣bassadour, waited upon the knowing and experienced Lord Wentworth for some direction in his Conduct and Carriage, to whom he thus delivered himself, To secure your self, and serve your Country, you must at all times, and up∣on alloccasions speak Truth, for, saith he, you will never be be∣lieved, and by this means your speaking Truth will both secure your self, if you be questioned, and put those you deal with to a great loss, who will still act contrary to what you declare in all their inquiries and undertakings. Albertus the Popish Arch∣bishop

of Mentz, reading by chance in the Bible, one of his Council coming in, asked him, what his Highness did with that Book? The Archbishop answered; I know not what this Book is, but I am sure that all which is writ∣ten therein is quite against us. Luther Coll. p. 11.

LXXI. When Aristobulus the Historian presented to Alexander the Great, a Book that he had writ of his Glorious Archievements, wherein he had flatteringly made him greater than he was; Alexander after he had read the Book, threw it into the River Hydaspis, and told the Author, That it were a good deed to throw him in after it, the same Prince did also chase a certain Philosopher out of his presence, because he had long lived with him, and yet never reproved him for any of his Vices and Faults. Maximilian the first, Emperor of Germany, though he might be desirous to be famous to Posterity for his Noble Actions and Atchievements, yet he was very averse, and afraid to be praised to his face; when therefore on a time divers eloquent and learned men did highly extol him with mighty praises in their Pane∣gyricks, he commanded Cuspinianus to return them an answer extempore, and withal, take heed, said he, that you praise me not, for a mans own Praises from his own mouth car∣ry but an evil savour with them; It is written of our Hen∣ry 5. that he had something of Caesar in him, which Alexander the Great had not, that he would not be drunk; and something of Alexander the Great, that Caesar had not, that he would not be flattered. Cambdens Remains, p. 228.

LXXII. Pambo came to a learned man, and desired him to teach him some Psalm, who began to read unto him the 39th Psalm, and the first verse, I said I will look to my ways, that I not offend with my Tongue; Pambo shut the Book, and took his leave, saying, he would go learn that point, and having absented himself for some months, he was demanded by his Teacher when he would go forward, he answered, That he had not yet lear∣ned his old Lesson, to speak in such a manner as not to offend with his Tongue. Sueton. Hist.

LXXIII. Some men have been also famous for being great Lovers, and Promoters of Peace, for though the frantick world hath generally made Darlings of such as have been clad in Steel, the destroyers of Cities, the suckers of Humane blood, and such as have imprinted the deepest scars upon the Face of the Universe, though these are the men it hath Crowned with Lawrels, ad∣vanced to Thrones, and flattered with the misbecom∣ing Titles of Hero's and Gods, while the Sons of Peace are remitted to the cold entertainment of their own Virtues, yet there have ever been some who have found so many Heavenly Beauties in the face of Peace, that they have been contented to love that sweet Virgin for her self, and to court her without the consideration of any Additional Dowry. For we read, that Otho the Em∣peror, when he saw that he must either lay down the Empire, or else maintain himself in the possession there∣of by the blood and slaughter of a number of Citizens, he determined with himself to die a voluntary death; and when his Friends and Soldiers desired him, that he would not so soon begin to despair of the event of the War, he replied, That his life to him, was not of that value as to occasion a Civil War for the defence of it; who can chuse but admire that such a Spirit as this should be found in an Heathen Prince, and he too not above thirty years of Age. Erasmus Apotheg.

LXXIV. The Inhabitants of the Islands of Borneo not far from the Molucca's in the East-Indies, live in such de∣testation of War, and are so great lovers of Peace, that they hold their King in no other Veneration than that of a God, so long as he studies to preserve them in Peace; but if he discover inclinations to War, they ne∣ver leave till he is fallen in Battel under the Arms of his Enemies; so soon as he is slain, they set upon the Enemy with all imaginable fierceness, as men that fight for their Liberty, and for such a King as will be a great lover of Peace; nor was there ever any King known a∣mongst them that was the persuader, or Author of a War, but he was deserted by them, and suffered to fall

under the Sword of the Enemy. Dinoth. Memor. p. 76.

LXXV. Constantius the Emperor observing such diffe∣rences among the Fathers of the Church, called the Council of Nice, at which also himself was present; at this time divers little Books were brought to him, con∣taining their mutual complaints and accusations of each other, all which he received as one that intended to read, and take cognizance of them all; but when he found he had received as many as were intended to be offered, he bound them up in one bundle, and prote∣sting, That he had not so much as looked into any one of them, he burnt them all in the sight of the Fathers, giving them moreover a serious exhortation to Peace, and a cordial agreement among themselves. Chetwinds Hist. Coll. p. 42.

LXXVI. It is reported of Julius Caesar to his great commendation, that after the defeat of Pompey the Great, he had in his custody a Castle, wherein he found divers Letters, written by most of the Nobles of Rome under their own hands, which gave sufficient evidence to con∣demn them, but he burnt them all, that no Monument might remain of a future Grudge, and that no man might be driven to extremities, or to break the Peace through any apprehensions, that he lived suspected, or should therefore be hated. Rogers Pen. Citizen. p. 70.

LXXVII. James King of Arragon, was a great Enemy to Contentions, and Contentious Lawyers, insomuch as having heard many complaints against Semenus Rada, a great Lawyer, who by his Quirks and Wiles had been injurious, as well as troublesome to many, he banished him his Kingdom, as a man that was not to be endured to live in a place, to the Peace of which he was so great an Enemy. Clarks Mirrour. p. 343. At Fez in Africa, they have neither Lawyers nor Advocates, but if there be any Controversy amongst them, both Parties, Plain∣tiff, and Defendant come before the chief Judge, and all at once, without any further appeals, or pitiful de∣lays the cause is heard and ended. Burtons Melancholy. Servius Sulpitius was an Heathen Lawyer, but an excel∣lent

Person; it is said of him, that he respected Equity and Peace in all that he did, and alwaies sought rather to compose differences; than to multiply Suits in Law. Clarks Examples, p. 344.

LXXVIII. It is noted of Phocion a most excellent Cap∣tain of the Athenians, that although for his military a∣bility and success, he was chosen forty and five times General of their Armies by universal approbation, yet he himself did ever persuade them to Peace. Flutarchs Lives. I read of the Sister of Edward the Third, King of England (saith Mr. Trenchfield) who was Married to David King of Scots, that she was familiarly called, Jane make peace, both for her earnest and successful endea∣vours therein. Trenchfield Hist. Inproved. p. 67. Ser∣torius the more he prospered and prevailed in his Wars in Spain, the more importunate he was with Metellus and Pompey (the Roman Generals that came against him) that laying down arms, they would give him leave to live in peace, and to return into Italy again, professing he preferred a private life there, before the Govern∣ment of many Cities. Plutarch. Vit. Sert.

LXXIX. The lovers of Justice, and impartial Ad∣ministrators thereof have been likewise famous in all Ages, and the Persons hereafter mentioned were great lovers, and observers of this excellent virtue, which is of so much advantage to mankind. Herkenbald, a Man mighty, noble, and famous, had no respect of Persons in Judgment, but condemned and punished with as great severity the rich, and his own Kindred, as the poor, and those whom he knew least in the world; being once very sick, and keeping his Bed, he heard a great bustle in a Chamber, next to that wherein he lay, and withal a Woman crying, and shrieking out; he in∣quired of his Servants what the matter was; but they all concealed the Truth from him; at last one of his Pages being severely threatned by him, and told that he would cause his Eyes to be pulled out of his head, if he did not tell him plainly what all that stir was, told him in few words, My Lord, said he, your Nephew hath

ravished a Maid, and that was the noise you heard; The Fact being examined, and plainly proved, Herkenbald condemned his dear Nephew to be hanged, till he should be dead, but the Officer who had the charge to execute the Sentence, seeming as if he had been very willing, and forward to do it, went presently, and gave the young man notice of all that had passed, wishing him to keep out of the way awhile, and some few hours after, he comes again to his sick Lord, and affirms contrary to truth, that he had put his sentence in Exe∣cution, and that the young man was dead; about five days after the young Gentleman thinking his Unkle had forgotten all, came, and peeped in at his Chamber door; the Unkle having espied him, calls him by his name, and with fair words inticeth him to his Beds head, till he was within his reach, and then suddenly catching him by the locks with the left hand, and pul∣ling him forcibly to him with his right hand, he gave him such a ready blow into the Throat with a Knife, that he died instantly; so great was the love that this Nobleman bore to Justice. Camerarius Meditat. p 468.

LXXX. Sir John Markham was Knighted by King Edward the Fourth, and by him made Lord Chief Justice of the Kings Bench; at which time one Sir Thomas Cook, late Lord Mayor of London, and Knight of the Bath, a man of a great Estate, was agreed upon to be accused of High Treason, and a Commission issued out to try him in Guildhall. The King himself, by private instructi∣ons to the Judge, appeared so far in the cause, that Cook though he was never so innocent, must be found guilty, and if the Law were too short, the Judge must stretch it to the Kings purpose. The fault they laid to his charge, was for lending Monies to Queen Margaret, Wife to King Henry the sixth, the proof was the con∣fession of one Hawkins, who was rack'd in the Tower; Sir Thomas Cook pleaded that Hawkins came indeed to request him to lend a Thousand Marks upon good secu∣rity, but that understanding who it was for, he had sent him away with a refusal. The Judge declared that this

proof reached not to a charge of High-Treason, and that Misprision of Treason was the highest it could a∣mount to, and intimated to the Jury to be tender in matter of life, and discharging good consciences, upon which they found it accordingly only Misprision; for which the Judge was turned out of his Place, and lived privately the rest of his days, and gloried in this, That though the King could make him no Judge, yet he could not make him no upright Judge. Fullers H. State. p. 263.

LXXXI. Charles the bold Duke of Burgundy, and Earl of Flanders, had a Nobleman in special favour with him, to whom he had committed the Government of a Town in Zealand, where living in a great deal of ease, he fell in love with a Woman of a beautiful body, and a mind and manners no whit inferior; he passed and repassed by her door; and soon after grew bolder, en∣tred into discourse with her, discovers his passion, and beseeches a compassionate resentment of it; he makes large promises, and uses all the ways by which he hoped to gain her; but all in vain, her Chastity was proof a∣gainst all the batteries he could make; falling there∣fore into despair, he studies to compass his design by Villany; he was, as we said, a Governour, and Duke Charles was busied in War, he causeth therefore the Husband of his Mistress to be accused of Treachery, and forthwith commits him to Prison, to the end that by Fears or Threats he might draw her to his pleasure, or at least rid himself of her Husband, the only Rival with him in his Loves; the Woman, as one that loved her Husband, goes to the Prison, and thence to the Gover∣nour to entreat for him; and if she was able, to obtain his Liberty, Dost thou come O my Dear, to intreat me, said the Governour, you are certainly ignorant of the command you have over me; render me only a mutual affection, and I am ready to restore you your Husband, for we are both under a restraint, he is my Prisoner, and I am yours; ah, how easily may you give liberty to us both, why do you refuse? As a Lo∣ver I beseech you, and as you tender my life; as the Governor I ask you, and as you tender the life of your Husband; both

are at stake, and if I must perish, I will not fall alone; The Woman blushed at what she heard, and withal being in fear for her Husband, trembled, and looked pale; he perceiving she was moved, and supposing that some force should be used to her modesty, and being alone, he throws her on the Bed, & enjoys the Fruit which will shortly prove bitter to them both; the Woman departed confounded, and all in Tears, thinking of nothing but revenge; for he having obtained his desire, and ho∣ping hereafter freely to enjoy her, took care that her Husband, who was his Rival, should be beheaded in the Jayl, and then ordered the Body to be put in a Coffin ready for burial; this done, he sent for her, and in a jesting manner, What, said he, do you seek for your Husband, you shal have him, and so pointing to the Prison, you shall find him there, take him alone with you; the Woman sus∣pecting nothing, went thither, where she sees her mur∣dered Husband, and is astonished, she falls upon the dead Corps, and having long lamented over it, she re∣turns to the Governour with a fierce countenance, and spake thus, It is true, said she, you have restored me my Husband, I owe you thanks for the favour, and will pay you; he endeavours to pacify and appease her, but in vain; for hastning home, she calls her most faithful Friends about her, to whom she recounts all that had passed; they all agree that she should make her case known to the Duke, who amongst other his excellent Virtues, was a great lover of Justice; to him she went, was heard, and scarce believed; the Duke was angred and grieved that any of his Subjects, and in his Dominions should pre∣sume so far, he commands her to withdraw into the next Room, till he sent for the Governour, who by chance was then at Court; being come, Do you, said the Duke, know this Woman? the man changed colour; Do you know, added he, the complaints she makes of you? They are sad ones, and such as I would not they should be true; he trembles, faul∣ters in his Speech, says and unsays; but being urged home, he confesses all, frees the Woman from any fault, and casting himself at the Dukes feet, said, he placed all

his refuge, and comfort in the grace and mercy of his Prince, and that he might the better obtain it, he offered to make amends for his unlawful Lust by a lawful Marri∣age of the Person whom he had injured. The Duke, as if he seemed to incline to what he had said, and pre∣tending to be somewhat milder, You Woman, said he, since it is gone thus far, are you willing to have this man for your Husband; she refuses, but fearing the Dukes dis∣pleasure, and being told by the Courtiers that he was Noble, Rich, and in favour with his Prince, being over∣come, at last she yields; the Duke causeth them both to joyn hands, and the Marriage to be lawfully made, which being done, You Mr. Bridegroom, said he, you must now grant me this, that if you die first without Children of your Body, that then this Wise of yours shall be the Heir of all that you have; he willingly consented; it is writ down by a Notary, and witness put to it; this done, the Duke turning to the Woman, Tell me, said he, is there now e∣nough done for your satisfaction; there is, said she; but there is not to mine, said he; and sending the Woman away, he commanded the Governor to be led away to that very Prison in which the Husband was slain, and being be∣headed, to be laid in a Coffin headless as he was; after which he sent the Woman thither, who was ignorant of what had passed, who being affrighted with this se∣cond unthought of misfortune of two Husbands almost at one and the same time, lost by one and the same punishment, fell speedily sick, and in a short time died, having gained this only by her last Marriage, that she left her Children by her former Husband, very rich, by the addition of this new, and great Inheritance. Lipsius Monitor. p. 240.

LXXXII. King Lewis the Eleventh of France, min∣ding to cajole the Court of Parliament at Paris, if they should refuse to publish certain new ordinances by him made; the Masters of that Court understanding the drift, went all to the King in their Robes, the King asked them what they would have, Sir, answered the Presi∣dent or Speaker, we are come with a full purpose to lose our

lives every one of us, rather than we will suffer that by our connivance any unjust ordinance should take place; The King amazed at this answer of the President, and at the con∣stancy of the Parliament, gave them gracious enter∣tainment, and commanded that the Edicts which he would have had published, should be cancelled in his presence, swearing, That from thence forward he would ne∣ver make an Edict that should not be just and equitable. Ca∣merarius Medit. p. 472.

LXXXIII. Mahomet the Second Emperor of the Turks, had a Son called Mustapha, whom he had desig∣ned to succeed him in the Empire, who was otherwise a good Prince, but much subject to Lust; the young Prince was fallen in love with the Wife of Achmet Bassa, a Woman of excellent beauty; he had long endeavou∣red to prevail with her by all sorts of allurements, but this way not succeeding, he resolved to obtain his will by surprize; and having gained knowledge of the time when the Woman went to bath her self, as the Turks of∣ten do, he soon followed her with a few of his retinue, and there seized her naked as she was, and in despite of all the resistance she could make, had his will upon her; she tells her Husband, he tells the Emperor, and desires Justice; the Emperor at first seemed to take small notice of it, and soon after, though he had other Resolutions within himself, yet he rated the Bassa with sharp language; What, saies he, dost thou think it hand∣some to complain thus grievously of my Son? Knowest thou not that both thy self, and this Wife of thine are my Slaves, and accordingly at my dispose? If therefore my Son has imbraced her; and followed the inclinations of his mind, he has but im∣braced a Slave of mine, and having my approbation, he hath committed no fault at all; think of this, and go thy way, and leave the rest to my self; This he said in defence of his ab∣solute Empire, but being unsatisfied in his mind, and vexed at the thing, he first sends for his Son, examines him touching the Fact, and he having confessed it, he dismissed him with outragious Language, and threat∣nings; three days after, when paternal love to his Son,

and Justice had striven in his Breast, love to Justice having gained the Superiority and Victory; he com∣manded his Mutes to strangle his Son Mustapha with a Bowstring, that by his death he might make amends to injured, and violated Chastity. Turkish Hist. p. 411.

LXXXIV. King Henry the second of France, com∣manded that an Italian Lacky should be put into Prison, without telling why; whereupon the Judges set him at liberty, having first delivered their opinion to the King; who again commanded, that he should be put to death, having as he said, taken him faulty in a foul and heinous Crime, which he would not have to be divulged; yet the Judges for all this would not condemn him, but set open the Prison doors to let him go forth; it is true, that the King caused him to be taken afterwards, and thrown into the River Seine, and drowned without any form of Law, to avoid Tumult, but the Judges would not condemn a Person where no proof was made that he was guilty; Camerarius Medit. p. 472.

LXXXV. Otho the first Emperor of Germany, being upon a Military expedition, a Woman threw her self at his feet, beseeching a just revenge according to the Laws, upon a Person who had committed a Rape upon her; the Emperor being in hast, referred the hearing of the cause till his return, But who then, replied the Woman, shall recall unto your Majesties mind the horrid inju∣ry that hath been done to me? The Emperor looking up to a Church there by, This Church, saith he, shall be a witness betwixt me and thee, that I will do thee Justice; and so dis∣missing her, he with his retinue set forward; at his re∣turn, seeing the Church, he called to mind the Com∣plaint, and caused the Woman to be summoned before him, who at her appearance thus bespake him, Dread Soveraign, the man of whom I heretofore complained, is now my Husband, I have since had a Child by him, and have forgi∣ven him the injury; not so, said the Emperor, by the head of Otho he shall suffer for it, for a collusion among your selves doth not make void the Laws; And so he caused his head to be struck off. Lonic. Theat. p. 475.

LXXXVI. Chabot was Admiral to King Francis the first of France, a man most nobly descended, of great Valour, and in high favour with his Prince; but as in o∣ther men the Passion of love grows cold, and wears out by time; so the Kings affection being changed to∣ward the Admiral, had charged him with some Offen∣ces which he had formerly committed. The Admiral presuming upon the great good Services he had done the King in Piemont, and in the defence of Marseilles a∣gainst the Emperor, gave the King other language than became him, and desired nothing so much as a publick Tryal; hereupon the King gave commission to the Chan∣cellor Poyet as President, and other Judges, upon an in∣formation of the Kings Advocate, to question the Ad∣mirals life, the Chancellor being an ambitious man, and of a large conscience, hoping to please the King, wrought so cunningly upon some of the Judges, threatned o∣thers so severely, and drew in the rest with fair promi∣ses, that though nothing could be proved against the Admiral worthy of the Kings displeasure, yet the Chan∣cellor subscribed, and got others to subscribe to the for∣feiture of his Estate, Offices, and Liberty, though not a∣ble to prevail against his Life. But the King hating Fal∣shood, and though to any that should bewail the Admi∣rals Calamity, it might have been answered, that he was tryed according to his own desire, by the Laws of his Country, and the Judges of Parliament, yet, I say, the King made his Justice surmount his other Passions, and gave back the Admiral his Honour, his Offices, his Estate, his Liberty; and caused the wicked Poyet his Chancellor to be Indicted, Arraigned, Degraded, and Condemned Rawleighs Hist. World. p. 471.

LXXXVII, Totilas King of the Goths, was complai∣ned to by a Calabrian, that one of his Lifeguard had ra∣vished his Daughter; upon which the accused was im∣mediately sent to Prison, the King resolving to punish him as the Fact deserved; but the Soldiers came about him, desiring that their Fellow-Soldier, a man of known Valour, might be delivered back to them. Upon which

Totilas sharply reproved them. What would you have? said he; know you not that without Justice neither any Civil nor Military Government is able to subsist; do not you remem∣ber what slaughters and Calamities the Nation of the Goths underwent through the injustice of Theodahadas? I am now your King, and in the maintenance of Justice we have regained our ancient Fortune and Glory; would you now lose all for the sake of one Villain? Look to your selves ye Soldiers, but for my part I proclaim it aloud (being careless of what shall happen thereupon) that I will not suffer it; and if you are resolved to do so, then first strike at me, behold a Body and a Breast ready for your stroke; The Soldiers were so moved at this Speech, that they deserted their Client; the King sent for the man from Prison, condemned him to death, and gave his Estate to the injured and violated Woman Lipsius Monit. p. 250.

LXXXVIII. In the Reign of King James. 1612. June 25. the Lord Sanquer a Nobleman of Scotland, having upon private revenge, suborned Robert Carlile to murther John Turner a Fencing Master, thought by his greatness to have carried it off; but the King respecting nothing so much as Justice, would not suffer Nobility to be a shelter to Villany, but according to the Law, upon June 29. the said Lord Sanquer having been Arraigned and Condemned by the name of John Creighton, Esquire, was executed before Westminster-Hall Gate, where he died very penitent. Bakers Chronicle, p. 464.

LXXXIX. The Chronicle of Alexandria, relateth an admirable passage of Theodorick King of the Romans; Juvenilis a Widow, made her complaint, that a Suit of hers in Court was drawn out for the space of 3 years, which might have been dispatched in few days. The King demanded who were her Judges, she named them, they were sent unto, and commanded to give all the speedy expedition that was possible to this Womans Cause, which they did, and in two days determined it to her good liking; which done, Theodorick called them again; they supposing it had been to applaud their excellent Justice now done, hastned thither full of joy,

being come, the King asked of them, How cometh it to pass you have performed that in two days, which had not been done in three years? They answered, the recommendation of your Majesty made us finish it; How, replies the King, when I put you into Office, did I not consign all Pleas, and proceed∣ings to you, and particularly those of Widdows? You deserve death so to have spun out a business in length three years space, which required but two days dispatch; and that instant he commanded the heads of all the Judges to be struck off. Causins Holy Court, p. 90.

XC. In the Reign of the Emperor Constantius, Acin∣dinus the Praefect of Antioch, had a certain Person under custody for a pound of Gold to be paid into the Exche∣quer, threatning him, That in case he paid it not by a certain day, he should aie the death. The man knew not where to have it, and now the fatal day drew near; he had a beautiful Wife, to whom a rich man in the City sent word, that for a nights lodging he would pay in the Gold. She acquaints her Husband, who for the safety of his life readily gave her leave; she renders her self up to the rich man, who at her departure, gave her on∣ly a pound of Earth tyed up in a bag, instead of the promised Gold; she inraged at her injury, together with this cheat added thereto, complains to the Prae∣fect, and declares to him the truth of the whole matter, who finding that his Threats of her Husband had brought her to these extremities, pronounced Sentence on this manner, The pound of Gold shall be paid out of the goods of Acindinus, (which was himself) the Prisoner shall be free, and the Woman shall be put into the possession of that Land from whence she received Earth instead of Gold Lonic. Theat. p. 476.

XCI. The Emperor Leo Armenus, going out of his Pallace; was informed by a mean Person, that a Senator had ravished his Wife, and that he had complained of his injury to the Praefect or Judge, but as yet could have no redress. The Emperor commanded that both the Praefect and the Senator should be sent for, and wait his

return in his Pallace, together with their accuser; be∣ing come back, he examined the matter, and finding it true as the man had represented, he displaced the Prae∣fect from his Office, for his negligence, and punished the Crime of the Senator with death. Lipsius Monitor. p. 250.

XCII. King Turquin being banished Rome for the rape of Lucretia, Brutus, and Collatinus Husband to Lucretia, were chosen Consuls, and in the time of their Consul∣ship, Tarquins Agents had corrupted two of the most ancient Families in Rome, the Aquilians who were Ne∣phews to Collatine, and the Vitellians who were allied to Brutus, and two of his Sons were drawn into this Trea∣son by them; the Conspiracy being at last discovered, the Consuls met in the publick place, and sent for the Conspirators, and there before all the People discove∣red the Treason; the People being much amazed, hung down their heads, only some few of them, thinking to gratify Brutus moved that they might be banished; but Brutus calling his Sons by Name, asked them what they could answer for themselves, and when be∣ing confounded, they held their peace, he said to the Serjeants, They are in your hands, do Justice; then did the Serjeants tear off their cloths, bound their hands, and whipt them with Rods; which sad spectacle moved the People to pity, so that they turned away their fa∣ces; but the Father never looked off, nor changed his severe countenance, till at last they were laid flat on the ground, and had their heads struck off, then did Brutus depart, and left the Execution of the rest to his Fellow Consul, but Collatine shewed more favour to his Kindred, being solicited thereto by his Wife, and their Relations; Valerius a Nobleman of Rome, seeing this partiality, exclaimed against him for it, saying, That Brutus spared not his own Sons, but Collatine to please a few Women, was about to let manifest Traytors to their Country escape; Hereupon the People called for Brutus again, who being returned to his Seat, spake thus, For mine own Children, I judged them, and saw the Law executed upon them; but for these others, I leave them freely to the Judgment of

the People; whereupon they all cried out, Execution, Execution, and accordingly their heads were presently struck off. Plutarchs Lives.

XCIII. The love of Queen Elizabeth to her People in general, and her tender care over the poor and op∣pressed in particular, was admirable, and incomparable. Fler Ears were always open to their Complaints, and her Hands stretched forth to receive their Petitions; her manner was always to recommend their Causes to her Council and Judges, whom she used thus to charge, Have a care of my People, you have my Place; do you to them what I ought to do; they are my People, yet every one oppresseth them, and spoileth them without mercy; They cannot help themselves, nor revenge their own quarrel, see to them; I pray you see to them; for they are my charge, them therefore I charge you with, even as God hath committed them to me; I care not for my self; my life is not dear unto me; my care is for my people; if you knew the care I have for them, you might easily discern that I take no great Joy in wearing a Crown. Clarks Mirrour. p. 370.

XCIV. An English Merchant had sold a great quan∣tity of Cloth to one of the Turks, the next year when the Merchant came again, the Turk told him, That he was mistaken in the measure of his Cloth, and that there was so much over-measure, as came to fifteen pounds more, and that he had put it into a bag, that it might be ready against he came next; the Merchant told him, that he had got enough by him, and said, much good may it do you; the Turk replied, Sir, take it, or else I will otherwise dispose of it, for it is none of mine.

XCV. When Sysamnes one of the chiefest of the Persian Judges, had given an unjust Judgment, Cambyses the King, caused him to be flead alive, and his skin to be hung over the Judgment Seat, and having bestowed the Office of the dead Father upon Otanes the Son, he willed him to remember, That the same partiality and in∣justice would deserve the same punishment. Rawleigh's Hist. World. p. 37.

XCVI. Neither ought we to forget, nor conceal the

names of those who have discovered such a signal Love to their Country, that they have not valued to redeem the lives of their Countrymen, and Fellow Citizens at the price of their own; of which the following relati∣ons are very considerable instances. The Town of Ca∣lice, during the Reign of Philip de Valois of France, being brought to those streights; that now there was no more hope left, either of Succours, or Victuals, John Lord of Vienna, who there commanded for the King, began to treat about the surrender of it, desiring, only that they might give it up with the safety of their Lives and goods; which conditions being offered to Edward the Third, King of England, who by the space of eleven months had straitly besieged it; he being exceedingly inraged that so small a Town should alone stand out a∣gainst him so long, and withal calling to mind, that they had often galled his Subjects by Sea, he was so far from accepting their Petition, that contrariwise he resolved to put them all to the Sword, had he not been diverted from that Resolution by some grave Counsellors then a∣bout him, who told him, That for having been faithful, and Loyal Subjects to their Soveraign, they deserved not to be so sharply dealt with; Whereupon King Edward changed his first parpose into some more clemency, promising to receive them to mercy upon condition, That six of the principle Townsmen, should present him the Keys of the Town bare-headed, and bare-footed, and with Halters about their Necks, and to leave their lives to his mercy; Hereof the Governor having notice, he presently goes into the Market-place, commanding the Bell to be tolled for assembling the People, who being met, he acquainted them with the Articles which he had received touch∣ing the yielding up of the Town, and the assurance, of their lives, which could not be granted, but with the death of six of the Chief of them; with this news they were exceedingly cast down, and perplexed, when on a sudden there rises up one of their own Company called Stephen Petre, one of the richest, and most suffi∣cient Men of the Town, who thus spake aloud to the

Governour, Sir, I thank God for the Goods he hath bestowed upon me but more that he hath given me this present opportuni∣ty to make it known, that I prize the lives of my Countrymen and Fellow-Citizens above my own; At the hearing of which Speech, and sight of his forwardness, one John Daire, and four others after him, made the like offers, not without abundance of Prayers and Tears from the common People, who saw them so freely, and readily sacrifice their Lives for the publick good; and instant∣ly without more ado, they address themselves to the King of England with the Keys of the Town, with no other apprehension but to be put to death, to which, though they held themselves assured thereof, they went as cheerfully as if they had been going to a Wedding, yet it pleased God to turn the heart of the English King, and at the request of the Queen, and some of the Lords, they were all sent back again safe and sound. Daniels Hist. Engl. p. 240.

XCVII. When Charles the Seventh, King of France, marched toward Naples, they of the City of Florence set open their Gates to him, as supposing they should thereupon receive the less damage by him in their City and Territories adjoining; but the King being entred with his Army, demanded the Government of the City, and a sum of Money to secure their Liberties and Estates; in this strait, four of the principal Citizens were apppointed to transact and manage this affair with the Kings Ministers; amongst these was Petre Caponis, who having heard the rigorous terms of their compo∣sition recited and read by the Kings principal Secreta∣ry, he was so moved, that in the sight and presence of the King, he snatched the Paper out of his hands, and tore it in pieces, crying out, Now sound you your Trumpets, and we will ring our Bells; Charles astonished at the reso∣lution of the man, desisted from his design, and there∣upon it became a Proverb, Gallum (a Cock or a French∣man) a Capo victum fuisse, The French Cock was overcome by a Capon. Zuinglius Theat. p. 256.

XCVIII. The Tartars in their invasion of China;

were prosperous on all sides, and had set themselves down before the Walls of the renowned and vast City of Hunchen, the Metropolis of the Province of Chekiang, where the Emperor Lovangus was inclosed; Lovangus his Soldiers refused to fight till they had received their Arrears, which yet at this time he was not able to pay them; it was upon this occasion that his heart not able to bear such a desolation of the City and Subjects as he foresaw, he gave such an illustrious example of his hu∣manity and tenderness to his People, as Europe scarce ever saw, for he mounted upon the City Walls, and calling to the Tartarian General, upon his Knees he beg∣ged the life of his People, Spare not me, said he, I shall willingly be a Sacrifice for my Subjects. And having said this, he presently went out to the Tartars Army, and was by them taken, by which means this noble City was preserved, though with the destruction of the muti∣nous Army, for the Tartars caused the City to shut the Gates against them, till they had cut in pieces all that were without, and then entred triumphantly into it, not using any force or violence to any. Martinius Hist. China. p. 281.

XCIX. In the year 393. from the building of Rome, whether by an Earthquake, or other means it is uncer∣tain, but the Forum, or Market-place of Rome was open∣ed, and almost half of it was fallen in to a very strange depth, great quantities of Earth were thrown into it, but in vain, for it could not be filled up; the Soothsayers therefore were consulted with, who pronounced, That the Romans should devote unto that place whatsoever it was, wherein they most excelled; Then Martius Curtius, a Per∣son of admirable valour, affirming, That the Romans had nothing besides Arms and Virtue wherein they excelled, he devoted, and gave up his own life for the safety of his Country, and so armed on Horseback, and his Horse well accoutred, he rode into the gaping Gulf, which soon after closed itself upon him. Livys Hist. p. 122.

C. When the Graecians of Doris sought counsel from the Oracle for their success in the Wars against the

Athenians, it was answered, That then undoubtedly they should prevail, and become Lords of that State, when they could obtain any victory against them, and yet preserve the A the∣nian King living; Codrus the then King of Athens by some intelligence being informed of this answer, withdrew himself from his own Forces, and putting on the habit of a common Soldier, he entred the Camp of the Dorians, and killing the first he encountred, was him∣self forthwith cut in pieces, falling a willing sacrifice to preserve the liberty of his Country. Rawleigh's Hist. World. p. 420.

CI. Cleomenes King of Sparta, being distressed by his Enemy Antigonus King of Macedon, sent to Ptolomy King of Aegypt for help, who promised it upon condition to have his Mother and Child in pledg of his Fidelity, Cleomenes was a long time ashamed to acquaint his Mo∣ther with these conditions, and though he went often∣times on purpose to let her understand it, yet when he came, he had not the heart to discover it to her; which she suspecting, asked his Friends if her Son had not something to say to her, whereupon he told her the business; when she heard it, she laughing, said, How comes it to pass thou hast concealed it so long, come, come, put me streight into a Ship, and send me whither thou wilt, that this body of mine may do some good unto my Country, before crooked Age consume it without profit; Cratisiclea, for so was her name, being ready to depart, took Cleomenes into the Temple of Neptune, imbracing and kissing him, and perceiving that his heart yearned for sorrow of her departure, O King of Sparta, said she, let no man for shame see when we come out of the Temple, that we have wept and dishonoured Sparta; whilst she was with Ptolomy, the Achaians sought to make peace with Cleomenes, but he durst not, because of his pledges which were with King Ptolomy, which she hearing of writ to him, That he should not spare to do any thing that might conduce to the honour and safety of his Country, though without the consent of King Ptolomy for fear of an old Woman, and a young Boy, Plutarchs Lives.

CII. Darius the Son of Hystaspis had sent Ambassa∣dours

to Sparta to demand of them Earth and Water, as a token of their Subjection to him, who were so in∣raged thereat, that they took the Ambassadours, and cast some of them head-long into a Dangeon, others into Pits, and bid them take from thence the Earth and Water they came for; after which they had no prospe∣rous Sacrifices, and having for a long time endured great calamities, they at last met in a full Assembly, wherein it was proposed, whether any would die, or venture their lives for the good of Sparta; upon which Sperthies, and Balis, who were of birth, and equal Estate with the best, freely offered themselves to undergo such punishment as Xerxes the Son of Darius, who then reigned, should inflict for the death of his Ambassa∣dours. The Spartans sent them away as Persons haste∣ning towards their death, being come to Susa, they they were admitted into the presence of Xerxes, where first they refused to adore him, and then told him, That the Spartans had sent them to suffer death in lieu of those Ambassadours whom they had put to death at Sparta, Xerxes replied, That he would not do as the Spartans had done, who by killing Ambassadours, had confounded the Laws of all Na∣tions, that therefore he would not do what he had upbraided them with, nor would he by their death absolve the Spartans from their guilt. Herodotus lib. 7.

CIII. A Spartan Woman had five Sons in a Battel; which was fought near unto that City, and seeing one that came out of the Fight, she asked him how affairs went; All your five Sons are stain, said he; Ʋnhappy wretch, replied the Woman, I ask thee not of their Concerns, but of that of my Country; as to that all is well, said the Sol∣dier, then said she, let them mourn that are miserable; for my part I esteem my self happy in the prosperity of my Country. Plutarchs Lives.

CIV. Sylla being overcome by Marius in a Battle, commanded all the Citizens of Praeneste to be slain, ex∣cepting one only who was his intimate Friend; but he hearing the bloody Sentence pronounced against, the rest, stepped forth, and said; That he scorned to live by his fa∣vour,

who was the destroyer of his Country; and so went forth amongst the rest which were slain. Fulgoszlib. 5.

CV. Having thus discovered the effects of love in the extensive acceptation thereof, I shall next proceed to relate some of the choicest instances of the most intire Friendship, and because saithful Friends may seem in this Age to be gone on Pilgrimage (as Bishop M••rton says) we must therefore be content to borrow. Presi∣dents from the Histories of former Ages. Titus Volum∣nius, a Gentleman of Rome, was the friend of Marcus Lucullus; who was slain by the command of Mark Antho∣ry because he had followed the Party of Brutus and Cas∣sius, and though he had a sufficient time to provide for himself by flight, yet he remained by the body of his dead Friend, and lamented him with such abundance of sighs and tears, that particular notice was taken of him by the Officers; they therefore dragged him to Anthony, unto whose sight and presence he was no sooner come, but Command me Sir, said he, to be forthwith carried to the body of Lucullus, and to be thereslain, for I ought not to survive him, since I was the only Person who persuaded him to take that unfortunate side; He easily prevailed with An∣tonius to grant his request, he was therefore led to the place he desired, where when he came, he kissed the right hand of Luculius, took up his head that was cut off, and put it into his Bosom, and then stretched out his own neck to receive the blow of the Executioner. Valer. Maxim. lib. 4.

CVI. Cambyses King of Persia, making War against the Aegyptians, overthrew them in a great Battel, and took the Royal City, and therein the King Psammenitus, and all his Family and Nobles after which, he kept him Prisoner in the Suburbs, and then caused the Daughters of the Nobility, and among them the Kings Daughter clothed in ragged Apparel to fetch water in Tankards from the River, which when their Parents saw, they all broke forth into grievous weeping, only. Psammenitus, with his Eyes fixed upon the ground, shewed no sign of sorrow. Then did Cambyses cause the Noblemens. Sons,

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and amongst them the Son of Psammenitus to be led to execution, tied together by the Necks with Ropes, & Bri∣dles put into their mouths, hereupon their Parents again broke forth into grievous Lamentations; only Psammeni∣tus stood quiet as before; but presently after, seeing an old man, his intimate Friend, begging in the Streets, he broke forth into grievous Lamentations, which Cambyses observing, sent to him to know what was the reason, that he when he saw his Daughter so abused, and his Son led to death, he mourned not, but now when he saw this poor man that was no kin to him begging, he made such heavy moan. To whom Psammenitus answered. My Domestick evils were greater than that I could express my sorrow for them, but the calamity of my Friend deserves my tears, for that now in his old age from an high estate, he is brought to such extream poverty. Herodotus Hist.

CVII. I think (saith Mr. Hakewell) that no former Histories of the Graecians or Romans can afford such a∣nother example of constant and faithful Friendship as that betwixt Barbadicus, and Trivisanus, two Gentlemen of Venice, in memory whereof there is a large inscripti∣on in Latine in that City, allowed by Authority in 1627. This example was held so strange, that several learned men have published Narratives thereof, one of which take as follows. Nicholas Barbadicus, and M. Trivisanus, two Patricians of Venice, of great reputation in respect of their own Virtues, the splendor of their Families, and the Dignities, and Offices they had honourably born in the Common-wealth; these two illustrious Per∣sons from their Youth had contracted a Friendship with each other, a solid, and most intire one it was, carried on all along with the performance of mutual good Offi∣ces, and kindness; at last it happened, that Trivisanus through extraordinary domestick expences, charges in Journies, indulgence in such pleasures as are common with the more generous sort of youth, and also by rea∣son of some losses he had sustained, and other casualties of Humane life, was reduced to a condition most unworthy of his birth and blood; his debts being

grown greater than his Fortunes, he was forsaken even by his own Brethren, yet then was he received into the House of his only Friend Barbadicus, who was a very noble and rich Person, and had before lent him four thousand Duckets gratis; which debt he forgave him as soon as he entred his House, he also paid for him two thousand more, which he had contracted with others, and after this, by an extraordinary and irrevocable act of his own, he made him Overseer, and Administrator of all his Goods moveable and immoveable, in such manner that he might dispose of them at his pleasure; nor was Barbadicus satisfied with this, but that he might provide for the benefit of his Friend, he leaves it in his Will, that though he had a Wife and Brother, yet Trivi∣sanus should be his sole Executor, that he should have the whole power of disposing his Daughters in Marri∣age, nor should he at any time be compelled to render an Account of his Trust, or of any thing pertaining to that Estate; he also bequeathed him a Legacy as large as his Estate would permit, without apparent prejudice to the Fortunes of his Children; Barbadicus was moved to do all this, because he perceived Trivisanus, as soon as he had entred his House, by a singular mo∣desty of mind, of a prodigal of his own Estate, became sparing of anothers, and from that moment had left off all Gaming, and other such pleasures of youth, he had also betaken himself to the company and converse of learned and wise men, and by addicting himself to the perusal and study of the best Authors, had shewed him, that he would answer his liberality with sincerity, uprightness, and unblameable fidelity, which fidelity Barbadicus had often before, and also since this liberali∣ty of his experienced in him his beloved and most con∣stant Friend, when he alone defenced the life and ho∣nour of Barbadicus in his greatest streights, and worst dangers, as well open as concealed, so that he openly professed to owe the safety of them both to Trivisanus; the whole City knows how he supported the innocency of his Friend in the salfe and devilish Calumnies that

were raised upon him, and would not desert him in the worst of his Fortunes, though he was slandered for ta∣king his part; while he did this, he not only interrupted the course of his preferments to the chiefest places of Honour in his Country, into which to the amazement of all men, he was in a most hopeful way; but he also for∣feited and lost all those opportunities. It is also well known to all men, that he contracted great and dange∣rous Enmities with some that had been aforetime his Companions, upon the sole score of this Friend of his; he despised all that extrinsick honour which depends upon the opinion of the brutish multitude, and at the last exposed his own life to frequent, and manifest haz∣ards, as he would also yet do in any such occasion as should require it, and whereas Trivisanus hath lived and is yet alive, and through the incomparable expression of a grateful mind in Barbadicus, he lives with great splen∣dour, and in great Authority. He is merciful to the af∣flicted, courteous to his Friends, and is especially a most worthy Patron of all those that are virtuous; he is ho∣nourably esteemed by the Daughters of his Friend, in such manner, as if he were their own Father; he is also chearfully received by his Wife, and truly honoured by her as her Brother as well because she is not igno∣rant of his merits in respect of her Husband, as also for his excellent temper, and such other uncommon quali∣ties, as render him worthy of the love and admiration of all men. Hakewils Apology. p. 439.

CVIII. Damon and Pythias had betwixt them so firm a Friendship that when Dyonisius the Tyrant of Syra∣cuse had resolved the death of one of them, and that he only besought he might have liberty to go home to set his affairs in order; the other doubted not to be surety in the mean time to the Tyrant for his return the Ty∣rant granted it, wondring what this new and strange accident would come to in the event, a day had passed, and he came not, then all began to condemn the rash∣ness of the surety, but he told them, he doubted not of the constancy of his Friend, at the same hour as was

agreed by Dionisius, came he that was condemned, thereby freeing the other; The Tyrant admiring the courage and fidelity of them both, remittted and for∣gave their punishment, and intreated that he himself might be admitted as a third Person into the Society of so admirable a Friendship, Clarks Mirrour. p. 226.

CIX. Great was the confidence which Trajan the Emperor had in his friend Surra, it was told him one morning that Surra had conspired against him, he in the evening of the same day uninvited, went to his House, attended only by two Persons, he stayed, and supped with him, would needs be trimmed by his Barber, consulted his Physician about a disease in his Eyes, and caused him to look upon them; that night he was again told of the Conspiracy, he smiling said; he had that day made Tryal of the matter, and that if Surra had any evil design, he had put himself into his power; so that remaining without suspicion of his Friendship, not long after he made him Tribune, and the custom being to deliver a naked Sword to the Tri∣bune, he gave him one, saying, I give you this to defend me if I rule well, if otherwise, to kill me. Fulgosus lib. 4.

CX. Lucilius was one of the Friends of Brutus, and a good man, who when Brutus was overthrown at Phi∣lippi, perceiving a Troop of the Barbarians, who being careless in the pursuit of others, were with all speed fol∣lowing hard after Brutus, he resolved to take off their eagerness with the hazard of his own life, and being left somewhat behind, he told them, that he was Brutus; they gave the more credit to him, because he desired to be presented to Anthony, who with great joy hastens to meet them, as many others did, to see Brutus, some pitying his misfortune, others thinking him unworthy of Glory, that for desire of life he would suffer himself to be made a prey to the Barbaria••s, when they drew nigh, Anthony, made a halt, as doubting in what manner he should receive Brutus, but Lucilius being brought be∣fore him, with an undaunted mind spake thus; No man, Antonius, hath taken Marcus Brutus, nor shall ever any Ene∣my

take him, the Gods are more just than to permit fortune to trample upon so much virtue; he will be found to be alive, or at least dead in such manner as is worthy of him; but 'tis I that have imposed upon your Soldiers, and I am here ready to under∣go all the severity I shall be adjudged to for it. All that were present were aftonished; Antonius turning to them that had brought him, You are displeased Fellow-Soldiers, said he, because you supppose you are deceived, but make account with your selves, that you have met with a more precious prize than that which you sought after, for whilst you sought for an Enemy, you have brought me a Friend; I am not resolved what I should do with Brutus alive, but I had rather obtain such Friends than Enemies; Having so said, he imbraced Lu∣cilius, and then committed him to one of his Familiars, and afterward found him upon all occasions as firm and faithful to himself, as he had been to Brutus. Plutarchs Lives 1007.

CXI. One Menippus relates in Lucian, how that one day seeing a man comely, and of eminent condition, passing along in a Goach with a Woman extreamly un∣handsome, he was much amazed, and said, he could not understand, why a man of prime Quality, and so brave a presence, should be seen to stir abroad in the company of a Monster; hereupon one that followed the Coach, overhearing him, said, Sir, you seem to wonder at what you now see, but if I tell you the causes and circum∣stances thereof, you will much more admire; know this Gentle∣man whom you see in the Coach, is called Zenothemis, and horn in the City of Marseilles, where he heretofore contracted a firm amity and Friendship with a Neighbour of his named Menecrates, who was at this time one of the chief men of the City, as well in Wealth as Dignities; but as all things in the world are exposed to the inconstancy of Fortune, it hap∣pened that as it's thought, having given a false Senten••e, he was degraded of Honour, and all his Goods were confiscated; every man avoyded him as a Monster in this change of For∣tune, but Zenothemis his good Friend, as if he had loved miseries, not men, more esteemed him in his adversity, than he had done in prosperity, and bringing him to his House, shewed

him huge Treasures, conjured him to share them with him, since such were the Laws of Friendship; the other weeping for Joy to see himself thus entertained in such sharp necessities, said he was not so apprehensive of the want of worldly wealth; as of the burthen he had in a Daughter ripe for Marriage, and wil∣ling enough, but blemished with deformities. She was, saith the History, but half a Woman, a body mishapen, lim∣ping, and blear-eyed, a Face disfigured, and besides she had the falling sickness, with horrible Convulsions. Nevertheless this noble heart said unto him, Trouble not your self about the Marriage of your Daughter, for I will be her Husband, the other astonished at such goodness, God forbid, said he, that I should lay such a burthen upon you; No, no, replied the other, she shall be mine; and instantly he married her, making great Feasts at the Nuptial, be∣ing married, he honoureth her with much regard, and makes it his glory to shew her in the best company, as a Trophy of his Friendship. In the end she brought him a Son, who restored his Grand-father to his Estate, and was the Honour of his Family. Gausins Holy Court. p. 47.

CXII. Eudamidas the Corinthian, had Araeteus the Corinthian, and Charixenus the Sycionian, for his Friends, they were both rich, whereas he was exceeding poor, he departing this life, left a Will, ridiculous perhaps to some, wherein was thus written; I Eudamidas give, and bequeath to Araeteus, my Mother to be kept and fostered in her old Age, as also my Daughter to Charixenus, to be Mar∣ried with a Dowry as great as he can afford, but if any thing in the mean time happen to fall out to any of these men, my Will is that the other shall perform that which he should have done, had he lived. This Testament being read, they who knew the poverty of Eudamidas, but not his Friend∣ship with these men, accounted it all as meer jest and sport, no man that was present, but departed laughing at the Legacies which Araeteus, and Charixenus were to receive; but these Executors, as soon as they heard it came, presently acknowledging and ratifying what was commanded in the Will; Charixenus died within five days after; Araeteus his excellent Successor took upon

him both the one, and the others charge, kept the Mo∣ther of Eudamidas, & as soon as might be he disposed of his Daughter in Marriage, and of five Talents which his Estate amounted to, he gave two of them as a Por∣tion with his own Daughter, and two more with the Daughter of his Friend, and would needs have their Nuptials solemnized in one and the same day. Lonic. Theat. p. 425.

CXIII. Alexander the Great was so true a lover of Ephestion, that in his life-time he had him alwaies near him, made him acquainted with the nearest, and weigh∣tiest of his secrets, and when he was dead, bewailed him with abundant Tears; he hanged up Glaucus his Phyfician for being absent when he took that which hastened his end; in token of heavy mourning, he cau∣sed the Battlements of the City Walls to be pluckt down, and the Manes of Mules and Horses to be cut off, he bestowed ten thousand Talents on his Funeral, and that he might not want Attendants to wait upon him in the other world, he in superstitious Cruelty, caused some Thousands of men to be slain; even the whole Cassean Nation at once. Elian. Var. Hist. lib. 7.

CXIV. At Rome, saith Camerarius, there are to be seen these Verses ingraven about an Urn, or Tomb-stone.

Ʋrna brevis geminum, quamvis tenet ista cadaver, Attamen in Coelo, Spiritus Ʋnus adest; Viximus Ʋnanimes Luciusque & Flavius, idem, Sensus, amor, studium, vita duobus erat.

Though both our Ashes this Urn doth inclose, Yet as one Soul in Heaven we repose, Lucius and Flavius living, had one mind, One Will, one Love, and to one Course inclin'd.

CXV. Lastly, Let us give some examples of the grateful disposition of divers Persons. Gratitude is just∣ly held to be the Mother of all other Virtues, seeing from this one Fountain many other streams do flow,

as Reverence, and due respect to Masters and Gover∣nours; Friendship among Men, Love to our Country, Piety to our Parents, and Religion toward God; as therefore the Ingrateful are every where hated, as be∣ing suspected to be guilty of every other Vice; so on the contrary, Grateful Persons are esteemed of all men, as having by their Gratitude put in security as it were, that they are not without some measure of every other Virtue.

CXVI. There was a Merchant in Florence, whose name was Francis Frescobald, of a Noble Family, and liberal mind, who through a prosperous success in his Affairs, was grown up to an abundance of wealth; while he was at Florence, a young man presented himself to him, asking him an Alms for Gods sake; Frescobald beheld the ragged stripling, and in despight of his tatters, reading in his countenance some signifi∣cations of Virtue, was moved with pity, and deman∣ded his Country and name, I am, said he, of England, my name is Thomas Cromwell, my Father (meaning his Father in Law) is a poor man, a Clothshearer, I am strayed from my Country, and am now come into Italy with the French Army, who were overthrown at Gatylion, where I was Page to a Foot Soldler, odrrying af∣ter him his Pike and Burganet; Frescobald partly in pity of his condition, and partly in love to the English Nation, amongst whom he had received some Civilities, took him into his House, made him his Guest, and at his de∣parture gave him a Horse, new Apparel, and sixteen Duckets of Gold in his Purse; Cromwell giving him hearty thanks, returned into his Country, where in pro∣cess of time he became in such favour with King Henry the Eighth, that he raised him to the dignity of Lord High Chancellor of England; In the mean time Fresbo∣bald by several great losses was become poor, but re∣membring that some English Merchants owed him fif∣teen thousand Duckets, he came to London to seek after it, not thinking of what had passed betwixt Cromwell and him; but travelling earnestly about his business, he ac∣cidentally

met with the Lord Chancellor as he was ri∣ding to Court; as soon as the Lord Cromwell saw him, he thought he should be the Merchant of Florence, of whose liberality he had tasted in times past, immediately he alights, imbraces him, and with a broken voice scarce refraining from Tears, he demanded if he were not Francis Frescobald the Florentine; yes Sir, said he, and your humble Servant; my Servant, said Cromwell, no, as you have not been my Servant in times past, so will I not now ac∣count you any other than my great, and especial Friend, assu∣ring you, that I have just reason to be sorry, that you knowing what I am (or at least what I should be) yet would not let me understand your arrival in this Country; had I known it, I would have certainly paid part of that debt which I confess I owe you, but thanks be to God that I have yet time; Well Sir, in conclusion you are heartily welcome, but having now weigh∣ty affairs in my Princes Cause, you must excuse me that I can stay no longer with you; therefore at this time I take my leave, desiring you with the faithful mind of a Friend, that you for∣get not to dine with me this day at my House; Frescoblad won∣ders who this Lord should be, at last after some pause, he remembers him to be the same whom he had relieved at Florence, he therefore repairs to his House not a little rejoyced, and walking in the outward Court, attended his return; the Lord Cromwell came soon after, and was no sooner dismounted, but he again imbraced him with so friendly a countenance, as the Lord Admiral, and other Nobles then in his company much wondred at; he turning back, and holding Frescobald by the hand, Do you not wonder my Lords, said he, that I seem so glad to see this man, this is he by whose means I have attained to my present Degree; and therewith related all that had pas∣sed betwixt them; then holding him still by the hand, he led him to the room where he dined, and seated him next to himself; the Lords being departed, he desired to know what occasion had brought him to London; Frescobald in few words truly opened his case to him; to which Cromwell returned; Things that are already past Mr. Frescobald, can by no power or policy of Man be recal∣led,

yet is not your sorrow so peculiar to your self, but that by the bond of mutual love, I am able to bear a part therein, where∣by in this your distress you may receive some Consolation; it is fit I should repay some part of that debt wherein I stand bound to you, as it is the part of a thankful man to do, and I further promise you upon the word of a true Friend, that during this life, and state of mine, I will not fail to do for you in any thing wherein my Authority may prevail; Then taking him by the hand, he led him into a Chamber, and commanding all to depart, he locked the door; then opening a Chest, he first took out sixteen Duckets, and delivering them to Frescobald, My Friend, said he, here is your Money you lent me at my departure from Florence, here are ten more bestowed upon mine Apparel, with ten more you disbursed for the Horse I rode upon, but considering you are a Merchant, it does not seem honest to me to return your Money without some consideration for the long detaining of it, take you therefore these four Bags, in every of which is four hundred Duckets to receive and enjoy from the hand of your assured Friend; The modesty of Frescobald would have refused them, but Cromwell for∣ced them upon him; this done, he caused him to give him the names of all his Debtors, and the Sums they owed; the List he delivered to one of his Servants and charged him to find out the men, if they were within any part of the Kingdom, and strictly to charge them to make payment within fifteen days, or else to abide the hazard of his displeasure; the Servant so well perfor∣med the command of his Master, that in a very short time the whole Sum was paid in; during all this time, Frescobald lodged in the Lord Chancellors House, who gave him the entertainment he deserved; and oft-times persuaded him to continue in England, offering to lend him sixty Thousand Duckets for four years, if he would stay, and make his Bank in London, but he desired to return into his own Country, which he did with the great favour of the Lord Cromwell, and there richly ar∣rived, but he enjoyed his wealth but a short time, for the first year after his return he died. Clarks Lives. p. 42.

CXVII. Not many years since in the Kingdom of

Naples, a young Merchant named Oliverio, fell desperate∣ly in love with the Countess of Castelnovo, and laid siege to her Chastity for a good while, and the Count going to his Country House, and taking his Countess and Fa∣mily along with him, the Marquess being still more in∣flamed, goes into the Country one day hard by, a Haw∣king, and lets fly his Hawk into Count Castlenovo's Gar∣den, where it chanced that he and his Countess were walking; the Marquess made bold to follow his Hawk. and the Count with very high Civilities did welcome him, and caused a Banquet to be presently provided, where he and his Lady entertained him; when he was gone, the Count began to commend him, telling his Wife, That he was one of the most hopeful Noblemen, and of the most excellent accomplishments of any in the whole Kingdom of Naples, These praises made such an impression in the Countess, that a little while after he gained her con∣sent; so the time and place for their pleasure being ap∣pointed, he was conveyed by a private way into her Chamber, where she being in Bed, and he undressing himself to go to her, she told him, That he was beholding to the Count her Husband for this favour, for she never heard him speak so much in the commendation of any man, as he had of him; Is it so, said the Marquess? then I should be the grea∣test Villain in the world if I should abuse so noble a Friend; And such was his Gratitude, that he put on his Doublet again, and departed, but with much civility, in the very height and heat of Lust, though he had as commodious a juncture of time, as his heart could desire. Howels Hist. Naples. p. 61.

CXVIII. On the Town-house of Geneva, upon a Mar∣ble Table, is written in Letters of Gold this grateful in∣scription: Post Tenebras Lux, quam Anno Dom. 1535. profligata Romana Antichristi Tyrannide, &c. After Dark∣ness Light, whereas Anno Dom. 1535. The Roman Tyran∣ny of Antichrist was ejected, his Superstition abolished, the Holy Religion of Christ restored here in its proper purity, the Church by the singular goodness of God put-into better Order, the Enemy overcome and put to flight, and the City itself by a

remarkable miracle did then obtain its former Liberty and Fre∣dom; The Senate and People of Geneva have caused this Monument in perpetual memory thereof to be made and erected in this place, as also to leave a Testimony of their Thankfulness to God and Posterity. Clarks Mirrour. p. 236.

CXIX. Sir William Fitzwilliams the Elder, being a Merchant-Taylor, and Servant sometime to Cardinal Woolsey, was chosen Alderman of Broadstreet Ward in London. 1506. Going afterwards to dwell at Milton in Northamptonshire, after the Fall of the Cardinal his for∣mer Master, he gave him kind entertainment there at his House in the Country; for which being called be∣fore the King and demanded how he durst entertain so great an Enemy to the State, his answer was, That he had not contemptuously nor willfully done it, but only because he had been his Master, and partly the means of his greatest Fortunes. The King was extreamly well pleased with this answer, saying, That himself had sew such Servants, and then im∣mediately Knighted him, and afterward made him one of his Privy-Council. Fullers Worthies. p. 298.

CXX. Rodericus Davalus was Lieutenant General of the Horse in Spain, 423. who together with some o∣thers was accused of High-Treason, for writing Letters to Josephus King of the Moors, as one that had intended to have betrayed his Country into their hands; divers Copies of these Letters were produced, and the whole affair debated at the Council-Table, in the Crime of his Master was involved Nunnius Ferrerius, born at Corduba, and Steward of Davalus his House; but he stoutly de∣sending himself and his Master, ceased not till he had shewed that the Letters were counterfeit, and that the Author of them was Johannes Garsias, of which he was convicted and condemned. He got himself clear of, but the other great Persons were condemned to per pe∣tual banishment; here Ferrerius to support his Master in his wants, sold all those Goods of his which he had got in the fervice of his Master, and having thereby made up the Sum of Eight Thousand Crowns, he dis∣posed it into Wicker Bottles, loaded an Ass with it, and

caused his own Son in mean Apparel to drive the Ass, and sent it all privately to his Master Davalus. A Per∣son certainly well worthy of being remembred by that illustrious Nation, and in his Posterity too, in case any of them are in being. Lipsius Monit. lib. 2.

CXXI. Thrioses was one of the Eunuchs to Statira, Wife to Darius, and taken at the same time with her by Alexander the Great; when she was dead in Travail, he stole out of the Camp, and went to Darius, informing him of the death of his Wife, and perceiving that he resented not her death so passionately, as he feared that her Chastity, together with her Sisters, and Daughter had been violated by Alexander, Thriotes with horrible Oaths vindicated the Chastity of Alexander; Then Da∣rius turning to his Friends with his hands lift up to Hea∣ven; O ye Gods of my Country, said he, and Presidents of Kingdoms. I beseech you in the first place, that the for tune of Persia may recover its former Grandeur, and that I may leave it in the same splendor I received it, and that I may render unto Alexander all that he hath performed in my adversity unto my dearest Pledges; but if that fatal time be come, wherein Hea∣ven has decreed a Revolution upon us, and that the Kingdom of Persia must be overthrown, then I beg of you that no other among mortal men besides Alexander, may sit in the Throne of Cyrus. Q. Curtius. lib. 4.

CXXII. Agrippa being accused by Eutyches his Coach∣man, of some words against the Emperor Tiberius, was by his order seized, and put to the Chain before the Pallace Gate, with other Criminals brought thither; it was hot weather, and Agrippa was extream thirsty, see∣ing therefore Thaumastus, a Servant of Caligula's pass by with a Pitcher of water, he called him, and intreated that he might drink, which the other presented with great willingness when he had drank, Assure thyself, said A∣gripoa, I will one day pay thee well for this glass of water thou hast given me, and if I get out of this Captivity I will make thee great; Tiberius died soon after, and Agrippa was freed by the favour of Caligula, and by the same favour was made King of Judea; then did he remember Thau∣mastus,

rewarding him with the place of the Controller of his House, such power hath a small kindness, if done to a grateful and generous Soul. Joseph. Antiq lib. 18.

CXXIII. Darius the Son of Hystaspis, being one of the Guard to Cambyses, in his expedition against Aegypt, was then of no extraordinary condition, who seeing Syloson, the Brother of Polycrates, walking in the Mar∣ket place of Memphis in a glittering Cloak, he went to him, and as one taken with the Garment, desired to buy it of him; Syloson perceiving he was very desirous of it, told him he would not sell it him for any Mony, but said he, I will give it you on this condition, that you ne∣ver part with it to any other; Darius received it upon this condition. In process of time Cambyses being dead, and the Magi being overcome by the seven Princes, Darius was made King. Syloson hearing this, comes to Susa, and sate in the entrance of the Pallace, saying, That he was one who deserved well of the King; This was told to Da∣rius, who wondring who it was, he should be obliged to, commanded he should be admitted; Syloson was asked by an Interpreter who he was, and what he had done for the King, he tells the matter about the Cloak, and says, he was the Person who gave it; O thou most generous among men said Darius, art thou he then, who when I had no power gavest me that, which though small in it self, was yet as acceptable to me then, as greater things would be to me now? Know I will reward thee with such a huge quantity of Gold and Silver, that it shall never repent thee thou wast li∣beral to Darius, the Son of Hystaspes; O King, said Sylo∣son, give me neither Gold nor Silver, but when thou hast freed my Country of Samos, which is now held by a Servant of my dead Brother Polycrates, give me that without slaughter or plunder; Darius hearing this, sent an Army under the Conduct of Otanes, one of the seven Princes of Persia, commanding him that he should do for Syloson what he desired. Valer. Maxim. lib. 5.

CXXIV. The only Daughter of Peter Martyr, through the Riot and Prodigality of her debauched Husband be∣ing brought to extream poverty; the Senate of Zurich,

out of a grateful remembrance of her Fathers worth, supported her with a bountiful maintenance so long as she lived. Fullers Holy State. p. 86.