The lighting colomne or sea-mirrour containing the sea-coasts of the northern, eastern and western navigation: setting forth in divers necessarie sea-cards all the ports, rivers, bayes, roads, depths and sands ... With the discoveries of the chief countries, and on what cours and distance they lay one from another ... As also the situation of the northernly countries, as islands, the strate Davids, the isle of Ian-Mayen, Bear-Island, Old-Greenland, Spitsbergen and Nova Zembla ... Gathered out of the experience and practice of divers pilots and lovers of the famous art of navigation. By Jan van Loon. Whereunto is added a brief instruction of the art of navigation, together vvith nevv tables of the suns declination, also an almanack extending untill the yeare 1661.

The first Demonstration, Where in Are described the south Sea, the Vliestreame, the Vlie, and the channell of Ameland.

WHen you saile from Am∣sterdam to the Fall of Vrck, you must keep the middle of the channell, in sailing to Tyoort, and from thence over Pam∣pus,* 1.1 with a shipp of great draught, that draweth tenne foot or more; keepe Marcken church without to the land of Udam, called Schytel∣doecks-haven, so long untill that the steeple of Zuyder∣wouw come past Kinnigherbuert, which are the houses half way betwixt Schyteldoecks-haven & Durgerdam, goe then towards the land e. untill that the New church of Amsterdam come about Durgerdam, keepe that so standing, untill that the church of Weesp be come past the House or Castle at Muyen, so that it do stand some∣what nearer to Muyen then to the House, keepe Weesp standing so, untill that Edam come without the east end of Marken. In this farewaye it is a foote deeper, then if you sailed right through.

For to avoyde Muyen sand: men were wont to bring the houses which were wont to stand upon Tyoort to the southwards of the Heyligher-stee at Amsterdam, thereby you may make some reckoning, they are good longst markes: when Monnickedam is about the west end of Schyteldoecks-haven, and the house at Muyen betwixt Weesp and the church at Muyen, then are you thwart of Muyen sand. For to saile right through over Pampus, then keepe the steeple of Diemen over or a∣bout the point of Tyoort, so long as you can see Tyoort, that is a right longst marke for to saile over Pampus.

When you are come thwart of the east end of Mar∣ken, goe then on northeast, or somewhat more east∣wardly towards the Fall of Urck, which is 7 leagues: when you are come with in a great league of Urck, you shall meete with a hard sand,* 1.2 called the Houtribbe, lying southeast and northwest thwart over the Farewaye, there is no more water upon it, then upon the Flat of Wieringen, or of Freesland, you shall finde alsoo no deeper water there then eight through. When Enckhuy∣sen lyeth northwest & northwest and by west from you, then you are upon the Houtribbe. Before that you come against the sand, you can by night see the fire upon Urck. When as Urck or the fire is more northerly then northeast from you, and that you get shoaling, then that is certainly of the Houtribbe: for so you can∣not come too neare the Enckhuysen sand. When you come from the southwards, you are not about the Enck∣huysen sand before that the church upon Urck come without the little village of houses, which is then east and by south, and east southeast from you: if that then you goe away northwest and by west or westnorthwest you shall runne close alongst by the side of the sand. With a ship of great draught, bring the church a good way through the houses, untill that it stand eastsouth∣east from you, then goe bouldly on northwest and by west or keepe Medenblick without the point of the Ven, and so you shal not come too near neither to sand nor shoale. Likewise if you come from the northwards, and bring Urck not more eastwardly then eastsoutheast from you,* 1.3 then you cannot take hurt also of the Enck∣huysen sand. From Urck to the buyes upon the Cripple and Hof-stede, the course is northwest and by west with that course you may runne all alongst unto the souther buye upon Wieringhe•• Flat: in turning to wind∣wards, you may well bring Medenblick a little within the point of the Ven, but when as Medenblick is without it, then you are in the right fareway.

Betwixt Urck and the buye upon the Hofstede north∣east somewhat eastwardly from the steeple of Enckhuy∣sen lyeth a little plate of hard sand, lying towards the end of Enckhuysen sand, which is not deeper then the Frees Flat, about to the eastwards of it, is the deepest water, but about to the westwards of it (by some called the Katte-gar) you shall be sooner about the High horne, or the Enckhuysen sand, & it is good for ships that draw but little water.

The thwart markes of the buyes,* 1.4 both upon the Cripple and Hosstede; are Grootebroeck and Hem (two sharp steeples) right one in the other, and Warnis, a little sharp steeple in Freesland to the south side of the Cliffe of Staverne, then you have the length of these buyes, which lye each of them in three fathom, the one on the east shoare, and the other on

the west shoare upon the tayle of the Cripple. There is in the right fare waie, two foot lesse then five fathom, and soft ground. When the steeple of Medenblick com∣meth to the northwards of the house of Medenblick, so farr as the house is broade, then you are cleare of Cripple sand, and past it; goe then on northwest, and northwest and by north to the buye upon the Creyl, according as the winde and tyde shall be, the right farewaie there, is deepe 5 fathom scarce. Thwart of the Creyl, in sailing out or about the Cryel, in sailing in, that is a little within the Creyl* 1.5 on the north shoar, lyeth alongst the reach (towards the buye upon the Hosstede, a hard sand or plate, called the south Creyl,* 1.6 upon which there is no more then twelve foot water, at low water, betwixt that banck and the north shoare, it is three fathom deepe, and soft ground, and to the southwards, or the westwards of it, foure fathom and an halfe. When Mir∣nes, a little flat steeple in Freesland, commeth over a long countrie-house to the southwards of the cliffe of Staverne, then you come right thwart of that foresayd plate.

* 1.7The markes of the buye upon the Creyl, are the sharpe steeple of Twisck over the Cornemill to the west∣wards of Medenblick, and that little flat steeple of Mir∣nes to the south side or east side of the cliffe. The right fareway there is four fathom and an half, & five fathom deep, soft ground, the buye lyeth in four fathom, if need require, men may runne wel a cables length about to the eastwardes of it.

From the buye upon the Creyl, to the buye upon the Freese plate,* 1.8 the course is north and by east: When the steeple of Twisck commeth a little to the northwards of Medenblick, then keepe them soo standing, so long as you can see it; & then you shal not saile within any shoales betwixt that plate and the Creyl.

Betwixt the buye upon the Creyl, and the Freese plate, on the west shoare, alongst the Reach, lyeth a hard sand, called Monick-sand,* 1.9 which men may be foul of, if they runne somewhat too farre over to the west∣wards.

When you are come about the Creyl, you may goe on north and by east (with a shippe that draweth but little water) over the tayle of Broad-sand, right to the buye upon the sand, called West-worckum, but with shippes of great draughts, you must keep the right farewaye. For to finde the deepest water upon the flat: bring Pendragen, a little flatte steeple (standing to the westwards of Worckum) to the westwards of a little village, which standeth alsoo to the westwards of Worc∣kum, and saile so right with it, that is a good longst marke of the buy upon the Freese plate, and soo you shall runne right with the buy, when as that Warnes and Mirnes come one in the other, to the north∣wards of Staveren, then you have the length of the buy, which lyeth on the west side of the Plate, you must runne alongst to the westwards of it, there is the deepest water: when you come from the northwards, you might sayle within the Freese-plate on the east shoare.

Being past the foresayd buye upon the plate, goe on northnortheast, untill that Pendragen come betwixt the little village and Voorwolde. If that you have then the cliffe through Staveren, then you have the deepest wa∣ter upon the shoalest of the slatt, then men runne com∣monly a little more norherly unto the buye in the Bight,* 1.10 and alongst to the westwards of it, which lyeth right in the farewaye, in sixteen foot, but alongst to the east∣wards of the buye is the deepest water, the farther into the Bight towards Freesland the deeper. The marke of this buy, is the little flatt steeple of Mirnes on to the southwards of Molqueren. Bring that foresayd little slat steeple in Molqueren, & keepe it so standing, & then you come in the farewaye of the buy of West-worckum, that is a very good marke, when the buyes are taken away.

The old thwart markes of the buy in the Bight, are Mirnes▪ Molqueren, Hemelum, and a little long village, when they stand in four parts. Betwixt the buyes upon the Freese plate, and in the Bight, is the shoalest of the flatt. When the buy in the Bight is on your broad side, then go on north and by west, somewhat more westerly, unto the buy of West-worckum,* 1.11 which lyeth on the east shoare in 16 foot at low water, upon these marks: a little sharpe steeple, far within the land, called Harich, commeth over a little village, to the northwards of Hinlopen, called Dertwisch, the right deepe thwart of it is three fathom. The old markes are two villages next to Mackum, upon the water side, standing north∣east off from it, when these stand a little asunder, one from the other, you see yet two little steeples some∣what to the northwards of Bolswart, almost one to the other, neare about as the other upon the water side stand asunder, the one is called Idsegahuysen. The thwart markes are a high house on the east end of Coudom, that commeth within a capstane barres length to the south end of Hinlopen. From thence to the buy upon Yghel∣hoeck,* 1.12 the course is north, the markes there of are, a little sharpe steeple with the first long village to the northwards of Worckum, called Geest, when that little steeple commeth in the innermost swampe of that long village, then you have the buye, that is a good thwart marck: the longst marks are, the sharpe steeple of Pin∣gom over the flat steeple of Coorenwaert upon the waterside, and Pendragen to a little house to the north∣wardes of the village with the swamp, or when the mil of Staveren standeth betwixt the towne and the Block-house of Stavern, these are all good longst markes of the buy upon Yghelhoeck.

From Yghelhoeck to the middle ground the course is north, the right deepe in the Middle ground* 1.13 is seven fathom in the farewaye betwixt Westworckum and Yghelhoeck the right deep in four fathom, soft ground, the east shoare is flat and the west shoare steep. The buy of the Middle ground lieth upon these marks: the two sharpe steeples Arun and Pingom one in the other about northeast from you: or Bolswaert right to the northwards of a Countrie house, to the northwardes of Mackum, these are good thwart marks of the Middle-ground. The longst markes are: kinswaert (that is the runner) commeth behind the church of Surich, then you are right in the farewaie. The Church of Surigh standeth upon the water side, upon a point that lyeth out about northeast and by north from the buy, or when the flat steeple of Wynaem (to the northwards of Harlingen) commeth betwixt Midlum and the east end of Harlingen, then you are right in the Middleground, on which side that Wynaem standeth nearest, that shoare you are also nearest unto, the west shoare is steep; the east shoare indifferent flat, you may runne over it in three fathom, and come againe in five fathom towards Friesland. From the Middle-ground outwards to the Flye, you can sail within no tayles of sand on the west shoare.

Being past the buy in the Middle-ground, then goe on northnorthwest unto the buy upon Swanebalgh,* 1.14 which lyeth in 3 fathom on the east shoare, the thwart marks there of are Bolswaert over a little short house to the southwards of Cornwaert. When you runne over betwixt the buyes of the Middle-ground and Swane∣balgh on the east shoare more easterly then in three fathome, that you come againe in four or five fathom, you might (in sayling out) sail behind the shoals of Swanebalgh, or when you are bound in behinde the shoals of the Middleground, the west shoare thwart of this, you may sound in four fathom, or three fathom and a half, over against the buye upon Swane∣balgh, on the west shoare is good ground for to anchor in.

From the buy upon Swane-balgh to the buy upon Schuytesand* 1.15 the course is north w. somewhat northerly:

the thwart markes there of are Wynaem over the highest part of Harlingen: the longst markes are, Bolswaert the northwards of the Sluys, which lyeth to the north∣wards of Woens: this buye lyeth in six fathom on the east shoare, upon a taile or point, which you might saile within when you saile out, the right deepe thwart of it is 7 and 8 fathom, the west shoare is indifferent flat, which you may sounde in 4 fathom, the e. shoare is steepe, but a little without the buye it is flatte all alongst to Keeshoeck, and you may sound it all alongst unto the Sloot. In sailing up, you might sail within the w. shoare over against Schuytesand, or a little to the southwards of it in 3 fathom, or 3 fathom & a half into a Deadbalg, behind a taile of sand,* 1.16 called the point of the Waert, but keeping in 4 fathom from that shoare, you cannot take hurt of it. In sailing up with a forfloud, keep the east shoare, or els you should be lightly carried therwith into the foresaid balgh, behind that Waert, before you should be aware of it. Upon the point of that waert standeth a drift beacon, & 2 to the northwards or the westwards of it, which men do call the beacons of Claesoomen, and to the southwards of it standeth a beacon upon Domini∣cu•• plate, or (as the Pilots do name it) Meynsen plate. T••e marks for to sail alongst this long reach are: Mac∣k•••• with a mill upon the water side, and a village with a li••••••e flat steeple to the southwards of Mackum, called Idsegahuysen, when Pandragen commeth betwixt M••ckum and that village then you shal go cleare of that fo esayd taile or Deadbalg: If Pandragen come nearest to ••dsegahuysen, then you are too near the foresaid taile or plate or if Pandragen come nearest to Mackum, then you are too neare the east shoare.

* 1.17From Schuytsand to the buye upon Keeshoeck, the course is w.n.w. or northwest and by w. according as the wind & tide shall be. In that long reach goe little more then half tides alongst the deep, the afterfloud & fore-eb fall thwart over there to the westwards, & the after-eb & fore-floud right contrarie to the eastwards. The marks of the buy upon Keeshoeck, are Franiker steeple betwixt the mill & the towne of Harlingen, or to the mastes of the Schips which lye in the haven.

T••is buy lyeth on the east shoare, the right farewaye thw••rt of it is 8, 9 and ten fathom deep.

B••twixt Keeshoeck and Schuytesand, or betwixt the beakons of Claesoomen & the point of the water lyeth a little narrow plate alongst the reach, allmost in the middest of the fareway nearest to the west shoare, where upon it is not deeper then four fathom, or 3 fathom and an h••lfe, when men turne to windewards they are over it with 2 or 3 casts of the lead.

Westwards from the buy upon Keeshoeck lyeth the Old-Flye,* 1.18 it lyeth in first s.s.w. and then forth to the buy upon the Nesse in the Tessel stream. The after floud with the fore ebb fall in verie strong into this channel. In sailing upwards you might sail within it in 4 fathom. The marks of it are, the steeple of Franiker right to the southwards of the steeple of Harlingen. From thence outwards off unto Schieringshals the w. shoare is verie steep, in eight fathom you shall be close by the shoare. The fareway betwixt these buyes, and thwart of the buye upon the Ellbow•• is tenne and eleven fathom deep.

From Keeshoeck to Wolfshoeck* 1.19 the course is first northwest and northwest and by north unto the buye betwixt them both, by some called the Schor tun and by the Pilots the buy upon the Ellbowe:* 1.20 and from thence to the buy upon Wolfshoeck, north, or somewhat more easterly, which lieth in four fathom on the east shoare.

From the buy upon Wolfshoeck unto the buy unto Schieringshals* 1.21 the course is northnorthwest, & north w. and by north according as the winde and tyde shall be. To the northwards or to the eastwards of the buy upon Wolfshoecke goeth up a broade bight southeast farre into the groundes, so deep as the right farewaie, called the Inschot,* 1.22 comming in you might saile within in seven fathom, the forefloud falleth from Schieringshals verie strong into it, and the fore ebbe to the contrarie, very strong out of it upon the taile of Schieringshals, where by maine ships are miscarried.

Schieringshals is a tail of sand, which shooteth off from the west shoare, upon it lyeth a white buye in three or four fathom, comming in from without, men might saile within it in sixe fathom, the right deepe betwixt Wolfshoeck and Schieringshals is nine fathom.

From Schieringshals to Longsand,* 1.23 the course is north∣west, and northwest and by north, betwixt them both on the w. shoare it is shallow water, and the best roade of al the Flye streame, there goeth also little tyde. The right deepe is eight, nine and ten fathom, Longsand men might sail within it on the east shoare, in sayling up, but if they keep themselves in 7 or 8 fathom, they shall not come too neare neither of Longesand nor Schiering∣shals. When the eastermost house upon Grindt commeth a little to the northwards of the westermost, then you have even the length of the buye upon Longsand. From Longsand to the Sloot the course is forth northnorth w. the right deep is tenne fathome,* 1.24 or men runne alongst by the beakons upon Crakesand untill they come into the Sloot.

The Island Flyeland is three leagues long, and a land very easy to be known: upon the east end lye high white sand-hilles, and to the westwards it is a land ful of short low hommocks or knobbs. Upon the west end standeth a Church with a mill to the eastwards of it. From the w. end shooteth off a riffe a good waies into sea. To the westwards of this riffe, betwixt Flyeland and the Eyerland goeth in a deep, called the Westergat, or Westfiel deepe, which is not for great ships, but onely for Fisher boates, there is not above 8 or 10 foote water. Upon the east end standeth a mill with a Cape, the which are markes for to avoyd the grounds which lye before the Flye.

The east end of Flyeland, and the west end off Tessel lye eight leagues asunder.

Eastwards from Vlieland lyeth der Schelling,* 1.25 and is about three leagues long. Upon it stand two Churches and upon the west end thereof it hath an high stubbed tower called Branda••ies and by it standeth a Mill, about the middle of the land standeth a sharpe steeple called Midlands. East thereof standeth another Spire steeple, called the Hoorn: betweene Midland, and the Hoorn standeth a mill. On the east end there lye little hills or downes. Upon the west end standeth a Light-house upon which there is fire at night, and two Capes, the big∣gest serveth as a Mark of the easterne Booms channell and the least for the westerne Booms-channel.

Stortemelck.

To sayle into Stortemelck (that is the Landdeep of Vlieland bring the Cape that is on the east end of Vlie∣land and the Lighthouse together, they shall then stand from you southsoutheast or a little easterly, sayle there upon, and you shall fall right upon the first buy, that lyeth in five fathom, on the outermost of the long Banke, the Banke is on the northside reasonable plaine, so that those who come out of the north may run thereby upon the lead in five or six fathom, and so likewise find the outermost Buy. If neede require men may run over the end of the long banke, but n•••• too farr eastwards of the outermost buy in three ••••••••om or eighteen foot, towards the shoare though not eastwards of the second Buy but a good way westwards, lyeth right southwards the point of another small tayle, whereupon neere the buy is no more then eleven foote water, betweene this tayle and the long banke runneth a Chopp in the ground to the eastwards off five fa∣thome deepe. It happeneth sometimes that ship∣pes comming over the end of the Long bancke

and finding againe deeper water, doe thinke themselves to bee in the right depth of Stortemelck, where upon they luffe but runne in the foresayd Chopp in betwixt the two foresayd tayles, and if with a westerly wind not without greate danger, and yet must run out againe backwards. Comming out of the west alongst by Vlie∣land in foure or five fathom, you shall not misse to run the foresayd outermost buy in sight: Hee that in the night falleth about Stortemelek let him bring the light∣house southsoutheast from him, and run there upon till hee come neerer the shoare hee shall run to the west∣wards of the outermost buy, within Stortemelck there lye 7 blacke buyes with one white buy, sayling in leave all the blacke on the larboard and run alongst the south∣wards, leave the white on the starboard, even as al other white buyes as well in Booms channell, the letting as upon the Vliestream.

In comming from Stortemelck you must somewhat shun the shoar for it hath a shoale right over against the first buy.

The second Buy called the outtermost Drooge drie lyeth on eleven foote upon the ridge or the shoalest of the channell south thereof is alsoo not more then 11 foot water, and a little further againe 16 foote deepe. The third is called the innermost Drooge drie lyeth on 16 foote the right depth betweene both is 3 fathom. The fourth is called Heyckhoeck, betweene this and the third the right depth is in five fathom, over against the fourth lyeth the white Buy on the strand, hard by runneth a little tayle from the shoare, which you may under sayle when you sayle outwards to this white Buy, or to the third from without it stretcheth eastnortheast in, from the fourth to the fifth allmost east, & further more & more southerly. The fifth buy is called the outtermost corner buy, the sixth the middlemost corner Buy, and the seventh or last the innermost corner buy, betwixt the outtermost and middlemost corner buy, the next outtermost runneth a tayle from the shoare which you may under sayle from without, this groweth sometimes allmost as farre as the Buy, then breaketh the depth by the wall againe through and scoures the tayle wholly to the north shoare from the innermost buy men run forth alongst by the strand of Vlieland, or southward to the buy upon the plate.

The easterne Booms Channell.

To sayle into the easterne Booms Channell Comming out of sea or from the westwards; bring the Cape on the Schelling & the tower of Brandaries together, they shall then stand south from you, & south & by east run there upon and you shall find the outermost buy without the Channell in sea upon 4 and a halfe and 5 fathom, right without and eastwards the outermost poynt of the steepe grounds they are without upon the northside soo steepe that you are hard by them in 12 and 13 fathom, upon them, remaineth not more then 5 foote water hard by to the westwards of the foresayd Cape standeth a lighthouse where upon there is light every night. Comming by night out of the east you must hold the stroke of the shoare, and you may run alongst there by in three fathom till the fire bee right against you, and so still further upon three fathom till you come to Hey∣hoeck then is the fire almost east and east and by north from you, there get you deeper water In foure fathom you ma•• run without about the steep grounds. The easterne Booms Channell is very hard to bee sayled in by an unxeperienced man, it is full of wandring grounds even as by Oesel. The foreflood falleth eastnortheast thwart over the Channell till allmost halfe flood, before it drawes right inwards, contrariwise the fore ebbe fal∣leth also westsouthwest thwart over the Channell, till almost halfe ebbe before it falleth right out, therefore it is best with a northeast or easterly winde & fore ebbe. A little eastwards of the Cape and the tower get the east shoare, and so run alongst thereby upon three fathom, this is cleane and flatt wholly till within Cape and the Tower. The second buy lyeth within the outtermost poynt of the steepe grounds, distant from the first about southwest and by west, the steepe grounds are so steepe on the end that it is very neere it 18 foote deepe the east shoare is flatt going up, and dryeth by little and little from 18 to 16, 14 and 12 foote. Eastwards the second buy the fareway is three fathom deepe, and to the west∣wards it is five fathom, but not wide, therefore you may not run too farre westwards you should bee very suddenly with a fore ebbe upon them they are likewise within very steepe. The east shoare you may run soo neare upon your lead as you will, onely with a storme the sea breaketh thereupon quite to the second buy. The second, third, fourth, and fifth buy lye all upon a row one from another, to wit, southwest and northeast, the third on the east coast though you may goe there a little more eastwards about, the east coast is there most flatt, and the fareway westwards of the buy seven fa∣thom deepe. The fifth called the buy upon Heyhoeck lyeth also on the east shoare but neerer then the third in five fathom, these may you also sayle to the eastwards but not farre, the fareway westwards these is 7, 8 and 9 fathom deepe, till you come past this buy, you may from without sayle in alongst by the east coast upon your lead, also by night or darke weather, from thence inwards it is wide and broad. From Heyhoeck you must saile to Robbegat. Upon the north side of the Robbe∣gat upon the poynt of the dry plate standeth a beak on in the middle of Robbegat next the dry plate lyeth a small shoale; before upon the shoale on the poynt in the com∣ming in lyeth a buy, betwixt that buy or the small shoale and the foresayd Beacon is the deepest water but you must run in hard by the Beakon that so you may not be deceived with the streame which falleth thwart over the drye plate below and betweene this small shoale and the Rosyne plate it is wider, and the Robbegat stretiches in southwest and southwest and by w. Beeing through the Robbegat, run to the strand of Vlieland, and alongst somewhat neere thereby.

The Westerne Booms Channell.

To sayle into the westerne Booms Channell com∣ming from the west, bring the Cape and tower of Bran∣daries together, that is then east and east and by south from you, thereupon you must run to find the outermost buy, there is six fathom water, keepe then the Cape and tower so standing till you come to the second buy bring then the tower a greate handspikes length to southwards the Cape and sayle thereupon then you shall sayle be∣twixt a white and black buy, there is it upon the shoalest 17 foote with low water, from thence you come to six and seven fathom, & then you come againe in the right Booms Channell, on the northwall it is the deepest, it is wide and broad that you could wel vere it up, the stream runs there of it selfe right in in still weather.

To sayle into the letting,* 1.26 comming through the Robbegat, about the Rosyne plate, you must run towards the buy upon Langesant a••d forth betweene the white and black buy, leaving in sailing up the black on the larboard and the white on the starboard till you come by the beacons upon the Nakens, you may easly see from buy to buy, sayle then forth alongst by the Bea∣kons upon the Nakens e.s.e. on till Brandaries commeth hard by Grind but not upon it keepe them so standing, and run southwards on and you shall saile upon the buy on the tayle of Hendryck 't Iaerts plate, these you may under saile on the e. side, Leave them on your larboard, and run on west away southsoutheast to the last Buy that lyeth upon the south poynt of the foresayd Hendryck 't Iaerts plate. Over against the Beakons upon the Na∣kens lye on the southwall two white buyes, the most easterly lyeth upon the tayle which sayling off you

may undersayle southwards betweene the two last blacke buyes by the west coast is the Ro••de where the ships (which are bound to Harlingen) set on to lighten.

NOTE.

All the depths here before rehearsed, as well of Stortemelck as of the Boomkens-gat, are sayd of the lowest water, at halfe flood is three foot deeper, it floweth upon these at the foresayd places with a com∣mon tyde 5 and an half or 6 foot up and downe. The numbers of the depths set downe in the carde of the Flye and Ameland-gat, are to be understood of feet: as for example, by the outer buy of the Boomkens gat stand 66, that are 66 foot, or eleven fathom, sixe foote being reckoned for a fathome.

Ameland-gat.

Two leagues to the eastwardes of the Schelling lyeth Ameland, lying eastnortheast and westsouthwest foure great leagues. Upon the west end of Ameland standeth a Cape, and a great thick flat steeple, called the Hoelme, the roofe of this Church is broken off, but the after front with the roofe standeth above the side walls, to the eastwards of the Church of Hoelm standeth a mill, with a house to the westwards of the mill, alsoo a broad flat tower. About the place where Midlan-church was wont to stand, lye three or foure white sandhilles, which are low, flat, & long, towards the east end it is knobbie land, with white amongst it. From the west end of Ameland runneth off a riff, almost three leagues into sea, called Born-rif,* 1.27 which is upon the outer side ver••e steep: come no nearer it then in 12 fathom, comming from the east∣wards you cannot saile within it, but in sailing alongst by it in seven fathom, you shall not run a bowles cast along without it.

For to saile into Ameland-gat, comming out of the sea, bring the cape upon the east end of the Schelling, right over the steeple of Horne, which shall then stand from you southsouthwest or a little more westerly, saile in right with them, untill that the Cape upon Ameland, and the steeple of Hoelme are one over the other, then leave the first markes, and saile in upon the second, and you shall finde the outermost buye, which lyeth some∣what within the outermost point of Born-riff. Comming from the westwards, run alongst by the strand of the Schelling in five, or five fathom and an halfe at low water, and you shall not fail to saile right upon the outer∣most buye, & then the C. & steeple upon Ameland shall also come one over the other, and stand from you east, or a little more southerly. Comming alongst by the Schelling in four fathome, you shall not saile within the Koggedeeps ground,* 1.28 over against then lyeth the first buye on the south side of Bornerif, run alongst to the southwards of it, keeping the Cape and steeple one over the other, untill you be past the second buye, which lyeth thwart of the west end of Kamper sand,* 1.29 the fare∣waye betwixt these two buyes is five and sixe fathome deep.

Being past the second buye, bring the steeple some∣what to the northwards of the Cape, and goe on east n.e. towardes the third buye upon Gerritshonden,* 1.30 for to avoide the plate which lyeth off from the south side, towardes Bornriff, on it lye two white buyes, the first over against the a foresaid third black buye, the other over against the fourth black buye, lying from the third about southeast, leave the black buyes all on the larboard side, and the white on the starboard side, and run through so betwixt them both, the plate is on the north side ••••dif∣ferent flat, so that you may run to it upon the lead, reckon wel your tydes, especially be carefull of a fore-ebbe, which falleth very strong over that channell north∣northwest into sea over Bornriffe. Betwixt the second and third buye in the fareway it is eight and nine fathom. Betwixt the third and the foresayd plate seven fathom. Being past the fourth buye, both sides are very steepe, & the fareway eight, nine, ten, and twelve fathom deepe, goe then in southsoutheast, untill that the steeple of Holm come over the south point of Ameland where the boats lye, and then you come in the bight, where it is on the s. side flat, and good anchoring in 5 or 6 fathom, the north shoare is very steepe.

For to saile further into Horsen, go away from the bight eastnortheast alongst by the south side in five or six fathom, so long untill Heynooms chamber (being a red tyled house) come a handspikes length to the northwards or to the eastwards of Hoelm-church, anchor there in five or six fathom, you shall lye there in good ground, & sheltred for all winds, also there goeth little tyde; in this fareway it is twelve fathom deepe, the north shoare is there very steep. These foresayd depths (like as also those of the Flye) are sayd of low water.

Of the tides.

At Amsterdam a northeast and s.w. moone maketh the highest water.

At Horne, Enckhuysen, and at Urck, a north & south moone.

Betwixt Cripple-sand, and the Creyl, a n. & by w. & s. and by e. moone.

Upon the Frieze and Wieringer flat, a n.w. and s.e. moone.

In the Flye & Amelandgat a southeast & n.w. moon maketh high water, before the Flye the flood falleth to the eastwards thwart over the grounds, almost untill halfe flood before it setteth into Boomkens gat. Likewise the Ebbe to the contrary falleth to the westwards thwart over the grounds, almost untill half Ebbe, before it setteth right out at the channell. The afterflood turneth about with the fore ebbe and fall alongst Flyeland out at Stortemelck, but the foreflood runneth right into Storte∣melck.

Of the depths about these places and in what depths men may see the land.

The Islands Flyeland, the Schelling, and Tessel, men may see in 15 and 16 fathom. Thwart of the Schelling the ground is white sand.

The steep grounds or Petersand and Born-riffe, are very steepe on the off side, close by them it is 12 or 13 fathom deepe.

Ameland men may see in 12 fathom, the depth of 13 and 14 fathom runneth farr off to seawards, so that men cannot see it in 15 fathom.

Courses and Distances.

• From the Flye to the Naes, n. & by e. a little easterly about 85 leagues.
• From the Flye unto the Riffe in 16 fathom n. and by e. 66 or 67 leagues.
• From Flye to Boevenbergen, the course is n.n.e. or a little more easterly about 69 leagues.
• From the Flye to Rinkopper, or Numer-deep, n.n.e. or a little more easterly about 58 leagues.
• From the Flye to the Island Silt, on the coast of Iutland, the course is northeast 46 leagues
• From Born-riffe to the Naes, the course is north or a little more easterly 82 leagues.
• From Born-riffe to Holy Land, northeast and by east 30 leagues.
• From Born-riffe to Wrangher-oogh, eastnortheast 27 leagues.
• From Born-riffe to the Wester-Eems 12 leagues.

Peter-sand, or the steepe grounds & Born-riffe, lye n.e. and by e. and southwest and by west foure leagues asunder.

• From the Flye to the n.e. end of the Broad fourteens, the course is w.n.w. 8 leagues.
• From the Flye to Tinmouth or Newcastle, westnorth∣west 88 leagues.
• From the Flye to Hitland, the course is n.w. & by north, somewhat northerly 156 leagues.
• From the Flye to Fairehill; northwest & by north about 151 leagues.
• From the Flye to Scuytenes, the course is north & by w. somewhat northerly 106 leagues.

How these Lands doe shew themselves at sea.

[illustration]

Thus sheweth the Schelling when you saile alongst by it about two leagues from the Land.

[illustration]

Thus sheweth Flyeland when you are two leagues thwart off from it.

[illustration]

Ameland sheweth it selfe thus, when you are two leagues thwart off from it.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Pampus.
• * 1.2

  The Hout¦ribbe.
• * 1.3

  Marks of Enckhuy∣sen sand.
• * 1.4

  Marks of the buyes upon the Hof-stede & Cripple
• * 1.5

  The Cr••yl.
• * 1.6

  South Creyl.
• * 1.7

  Mark of the Creyl.
• * 1.8

  Freese plate.
• * 1.9

  Monick-sand.
• * 1.10

  Buy in the Bight
• * 1.11

  Buy of West-worckum
• * 1.12

  Yghel∣hoeck.
• * 1.13

  Middle-ground.
• * 1.14

  Swane∣balgh
• * 1.15

  Schuyte∣sand.
• * 1.16

  Point of Waert.
• * 1.17

  Keeshoec
• * 1.18

  Old-Flye.
• * 1.19

  Wolfs∣hoeck.
• * 1.20

  Schor tun or the buy upon the Ellbow.
• * 1.21

  Sch••e∣ringshals.
• * 1.22

  The In∣schot.
• * 1.23

  Longsand
• * 1.24

  Monck∣sloot.
• * 1.25

  der Schel∣ling.
• * 1.26

  The letting.
• * 1.27

  Born-riffe
• * 1.28

  Kog deep g••ounds.
• * 1.29

  K••mper∣sand.
• * 1.30

  Gerrits∣honden.