The lighting colomne or sea-mirrour containing the sea-coasts of the northern, eastern and western navigation: setting forth in divers necessarie sea-cards all the ports, rivers, bayes, roads, depths and sands ... With the discoveries of the chief countries, and on what cours and distance they lay one from another ... As also the situation of the northernly countries, as islands, the strate Davids, the isle of Ian-Mayen, Bear-Island, Old-Greenland, Spitsbergen and Nova Zembla ... Gathered out of the experience and practice of divers pilots and lovers of the famous art of navigation. By Jan van Loon. Whereunto is added a brief instruction of the art of navigation, together vvith nevv tables of the suns declination, also an almanack extending untill the yeare 1661.

The fourth Demonstration. Which unfoldeth The Coast of Flanders, from the Wielings to the Heads, about Callice, together with the Coast of England, from Dover to the north Forland.

BEtwixt Wenduynen & Blanckenbrough standeth another little steeple, called Iohn Davids steeple. Oostend lyeth a great league to the westwards of Wackerhout. A halfe league to the west wards of Ostend, lyeth S. Catelyn, & a league to the westwards of it is Midlekerck, being a high thick flat steeple. From Middle-kerck to Newport it is two leagues, there is a flat steeple with a little sharpe steeple. A little to the east∣wards of Newport lyeth our Lady of Lombardy, a high flat steeple.

From Newport to Broers it is two leagues, and from Broers to Dunkercke three leagues. The Southkoten is a league to the eastwards of Dunkerck. Dunkerck hath a high flat steeple, with a little sharpe steeple. From Dun∣kerck to Graveling are three leagues, betwixt them stand these steeples, first little Sinten a little sharpe steeple, great Sinten a thick flat steeple, Mardycke a thicke flat steeple, and S. Georges a high sharpe steeple, Grave∣ling hath no steeples, but there stand two mills, one on the Easter-gate, and the other on the west end of the towne. From Graveling to Callice are three leagues. Callice hath many sharpe Steeples, where of one is high∣er then all the rest, and betwixt both lye these villages most without steeples. First Hooghenpryse and Dasen, two flat steeples; more Valdam a flat Church with a litt∣le spire upon the middest of it, that is all the knowledge of Flanders. The Coast of Flanders betwixt Callice and Blanckenbrough, is foure and twenty leagues long, or as some say, one and twenty leagues, & Blanckenbrough from Flushing nine leagues. Soo that Flushing is from Callice, at the least 30 leagues, or as some say 33 lea∣gues at the most.

That which is here sayd of the steeples and leagues alongst the coast of Flanders, is very serviceable and needfull as well for that which is before described of the Wielings, as also fot the sayling into the havens of Flan∣ders, but especially for the knowledge of the Flemish bancks.

For to sayle into Oostend, you must run close to the eastwards of the towne into the haven, called the Gueule on the east poynt of the haven lyeth a head, whereup∣on standeth a beakon, you must run close in by that head, there it is deepest, from the west side to wit to∣wards the towne, shooteth of a little flat, whereof you must avoyd that side a ships length or 2, at low water & a common tyde remaineth in this havens mouth 6 foot, and at high water there is two and twenty foot water. A little within the haven you may anchor where you will, and at low water you may lye there with a great ship a float.

Newport is a tyde-haven, which falleth altogether dry at low water and at high water and a common tide there is 13 footwater, close before the havens mouth is a bank, which lyeth from the eastwards of the Haven of New∣port over to the westwards, thwart before the Havens mouth, and at halfe flood lyeth dry, and at high wa∣ter there commeth no more upon it then eight foot water.

He that will goe into Newport, must go in from the westwards betwixt the foresayd banck and the land, and sayle unto the southwards of the banck soo long untill that the innermost beakon come even through, or to the eastwards of the outermost, and then run in so right by them, & in alongst amidst the channell betwixt the heads. Betwixt the banck and the land it is on both sides flat rising ground, so that you may sound the shoares on both sides, but on the north side the banck is some∣what steep, it is 3 fathom deep close alongst by it. With∣in the havens mouth it is set on both sides of the deep with beakons, where you must run through betwixt, untill you come before the Towne, which lyeth about a Cannon shot from the seaside. There is fire in the night upon the 2 great beakons, out not longer then from halfe flood to halfe ebbe.

From New-port to Dunkercke alongst by the shoare through within the banckes, it is cleane without any foule ground or bancks, and at low water fifteene foot deepe, the neerer the shoare the deeper. Thwart of the Cloyster Ten Duynen betwixt it and Broers banck, it is narrowest, which lyeth not farre from the shoare, thwart of it you must goe close alongst by the shoare.

The Quade-bancke runneth of to the eastwards of the head of Dunkercke, at least two leagues to the west∣wards ending thwart of the heads of Dunkercke. To the eastwards of the easter head of Dunkerck mē may anchor behind this banck, and lye sheltred for a north∣west, north, and northeast winde, it is two fathom deepe there at low water, but in the comming in, it is shoaler. Before the Havensmouth of Dunkerck, it is 9 and ten fathom deepe, and to the westwards of the wester-head of Dunkerck, 6. 7. and 8. fathom, from thence men may runne over the small banck in three fathom, and come

against the Broad bancke. This small bancke lyeth right thwart before the Haven of Dunkerck, to wit, betwixt Dunkercke and the Broad-banck.

For to saile into Dunkerck you must bring the fires within a capstane barrs length one to the other, to wit, the innermost so much to the eastwards of the outter∣most, keep them soo, and run in then close alongst by the easter-head, the wester-head lyeth somewhat fur∣ther of into the sea then the other, thwart of it lyeth a sandplate with some pales, therefore you must avoyd it, and runne in close alongst by the easterhead it is a narrow haven, & at high water and a common tyde there com∣meth no more then 12 foot water. In the night they doe fire there as at Newport, from halfe flood to halfe ebbe, and the lowest fire-beakon standeth next unto the sea.

From the wester-head of Dunkerck runneth of a bancke about 2 leagues long, called the Splinter, which falleth dry at low water at many places, men may sayle in by the shoare, behind this banck from the westwards almost to the westerhead of Dunkerck, and there may come to an anchor in 5, 6, 7, and eight fathom. About halfe a league from the foresaid wester-head, there runneth a Slenck through the foresaid bancke, where little Shippes may goe through at high water.

Graveling is also a tyde-haven, where men must goe in at high water, there stand two beakons, which you must keepe one by the other, and sayle so in betwixt the heads, on the west side runneth off a little riffe, which you must avoyd. When you come from the eastwards alongst the coast running through Wolbreck Sound, at the end of the Brakes, (that are the banckes before Dunkerck, and from thence westwards) then you come against the west poynt of the foresayd little riffe or out-sand off Graveling, which lyeth a good way of into the sea, to the eastwards of it men run into the Haven of Graveling by night right in with the fires.

To the westwards of the Haven of Graveling lyeth a bancke or flat alongst the shoare, lying a good way of from the land to sea-wards, almost as farre to the west∣wards as Callice, called the New-Land, men may runne alongst by it, or over it in five, foure, and three fathom, according as men will.

The haven of Callice falleth every tyde altogether dry, and at high water with a common-tyde, there is no lesse then three fathom water. For to sayle in there you must keepe the mill (standing on the east corner of the towne) right over the easter-head, & run in soo close alongst by the easterhead, and let the castle lye on the west side of you, from the wester head runneth of a lit∣tle the riffe, therefore you must avoyd it. When you are come in within the westerhead, you must goe up to the westwards into Paradice, and there lye dry at low wa∣ter. By night when the tyde serveth, there stand two fires, you must run in right with them. It is not good to come into this haven before high water, because of the exceeding strong tide that runneth in there with the flood, for to avoid the anchors of the ships, which lye there within. It is there within dangerous and bad lying, especially with a n. ly winde which bloweth there opē in.

Thwart of from wester-head of Callice lyeth a bank of two fathom, betwixt the head or Meyland, and the same banke men may runne through in three fathom at halfe flood, the bank is two fathom deepe. Under Cal∣lice cliffe at the east end, men may anchor in then fa∣thom but at the westend lyeth a rocke under water, a bow shot from the land. Callice cliffe lyeth betwixt Cal∣lice & Blanck nesse.

Of the Flemish Bancks.

West from West-cappell, and northwest from Oost∣end, about nine leagues without the Coast of Flanders, lyeth a little plate, whereupon at low water is no more then two and twenty foot water, in foule weather the sea breaketh very much upon it.

About two leagues from Oostend without the land lyeth the Trick, or outerbanck, upon it there is no mo∣re then fifteen or sixteen foot water. When S. Catheri∣nes steeple commeth against Oostend, then you come on against this banck: betwixt this bank and the heads of Oostend, lyeth another bank of three fathom water.

Betwixt Oostend and Newport lye foure bancks, all which foure begin about thwart of Oostend, the two ne∣arest to the lands end thwart of Newport. The other lye all alongst the land almost to Dunkercke: the first and nearest to the land is called the Geere, betwixt that and the land goeth a channell through, of 8. 9. & 10. fathom.

The second called Laland, endeth also against New∣port, betwixt these two goeth a channel through of eight and nine fathom.

The third are two banks one to the other, the easter∣most ending halfe wayes: Laland is called stroom, the westermost ending thwart of Dunkerck, is called the Stone-bank which hath on the east side a hooke, which lyeth to the eastwards, running to nothing allmost against Newport: this bank is three or foure fathom, and upon the east end five & six fathom.

The fourth is alsoo in two banks, the eastermost is called Sandele, or Oudemoers bank, and the westermost Cal bank, of some called alsoo Small bank, which lyeth alongst by the Broad-bank: but that outer end lyeth at least two great leagues of.

The shippes that will goe before Dunkerck & cannot get alongst by Flanders, doe runne about without these bankes, untill they come against Broad-banke, and then runne in alongst by it 5 or 6 fathom. The Channell is 15 fathom deep, and every one of these foure bankes hath a dry Poelder. When 2 Steeples (that are somewhat flat to the southward of Newport) stand a handpikes length asunder, then are you thwart of these foure bankes here before mentioned, which are not deeper at low water then one fathom, and at spring-tydes fall almost dry.

Betwixt all these bankes you may anchor in 9. 10. 11. and also in 12 fathom, you may runne over them, in 4 fathom, but when you are to the westwards of them you shall finde it deeper, to wit, 8. 9. and 10 fathom.

The Broers banck is three cornerd, and lieth close by the land thwart of Broers and the Cloyster Ten Duynē, and lyeth of from the shoare about westnorthwest a league into the sea, when the Cloyster Ten Duynen, or the Broers lyeth south from you, then you are at the inner∣most part of the Broers-bank, you may runne through betwixt the land and this banck, in foure fathom at low water; but men doe run commonly about to the west∣wards of it, when they sayle through within the bankes, alongst the Coast of Flanders.

A little to the westwards of Broers-banck lyeth the Cams-banke, which is three fathom deepe, and lyeth in many Rasses, you may run through betwixt the land and this banke also in 8. 9. and 10. fathom, and alsoo may ride there for alt winds. By the land, betwixt this bank and Broers-banck, it is 5 fathom deepe. When you run through betwixt this banke and the land, then you come alongst by the Quade bank untill you come before the Haven of Dunkerck. When you are a good wayes past the head of Dunkerck, about s. w. from the Splinter, then you runne over a shoale of two fathom, called Wilbaert Sound, being over it you shall have a∣gaine then, 11 & 12 fa. When Borburger Steeple com∣meth in the valley of the sand-hill, then you are thwart of this bancke, by these markes you may sayle through these bancks northnorthwest into the sea, and come against the tayle of the Broad-banck in foure fathom. When as that you doe edge againe somewhat towards the land in twelve, thirteene, or fifteene fathom; then you may sayle through betwixt the Broad and the Small ban••ke, on eastnortheast, or east and by north untill you are past the Cloyster Ten Duynen, or the Broers-Banck, which lyeth off from the Cloyster about a league into the sea. To the eastwards past this banck it

beginneth to be shoale water against Newport foure or five fathom, being past Newport, you must edge to∣wards the land, in eight or nine fathom, keeping close to the land, and then you shal run through betwixt the land and the Geere, (which lyeth alongst towards Oost∣end:) When you come against Oostend, then you are cleare of the bancks, and then you may run into the sea for to goe into the Wielings.

There lye yet five long banckes alongst Flanders. When Graveling is southeast from you then you are thwart of the south end of these bankes: and when New∣port is southeast from you. Then you are thwarr of the north end of them they are very long, and betwixt each goeth a wide Channell through, of eight, nine, twelve, fifteene, sixteen, eighteene, nineteene, and twenty fath∣om deepe, each of a severall depth.

The outermost or westermost banke called the Cliffe lyeth from Callice cliffe northnortheast about foure le∣agues and a halfe, and is three fathom and a halfe deep: betwixt this and the other goeth a wide channell throug of three and twenty and 24 fathom deep.

The second called the Ruyting, lyeth from Callice cliffe northeast and by north about foure leagues, and is there five or six fathom deepe, but upon the south end of it, is a Poelder of a fathom and a halfe. When the south end of Winocxbergen commeth betwixt the two flat steeples to the westwards of Dunkerck, then are you thwart of this Poelder.

There stand three or foure mils to the eastwards of Dunkerck, when the outermost commeth over the east end of the towne, that is also a good mark of this Poelder or shoale, and then the steeple of Dunkerck shall be from you s.e. five leagues.

Betwixt this and the third goeth alsoo a channell through of 12 and 13 fathom

The third, called the Dyke, lyeth from Callice Cliffe northeast, and is deepe foure & five fathom, upon the south and north end of this Bancke are Poelders, the southermost is deepe one fathom, and lyeth also upon the markes of Winocxbergen about northwest, some∣what westerly from Dunkerck, & is called the Polder of the Dyke, or Dyke-Polder, the other Polder or shoale of this bancke is about foure fathom and two foot deepe, and lyeth n. w. from the Cloyster Ten Duynen. These bancks are very dangerous; for the Ruyting lyeth allmost in the fare-way, and at low water they have no more then two fathom depth.

The fourth banck, called Kettell-banck, lyeth from Callice-Cliffe northeast and by cast, and is deepe, three, foure, five and six fathom. Upon the south end is a shoale of one fathom water at low water, at spring-tydes these Polders fall dry. Alongst by this goeth also a channell through of 19 and 20 fathom.

To the eastwards of the Kettel-banck, to wit, betwixt that and the Broad-banck goeth throug a great channell of 19 and 20 fathom.

In all the channels betwixt the foresaid banckes, men may turne to windwards every where from one bancke to the other, & anchor betwixt the bancks where they will.

The south end of the Broad-bancke lyeth from Cal∣lice-cliffe eastnortheast, and hath one shoale upon the south end of one fathom and a halfe, is throughout three and 4 fathom deepe.

The north end is deep 6, 7, and 8, fathom, and lyeth so far to the northward, untill Newport be northwest from you, or the Cloyster Ten Duynen bee northnorthwest 5, or 6, leagues from you.

The Coast of England from Dover to the north Forland.

Betwixt Callice and Dover amiddest in the fare-way, (or somewhat nearer the French side then the English) lyeth a narrow bancke of foure leagues long, lying about n. n. east, and southsouthwest alongst the land of Black∣nesse, being called the Vaen, and by the Dutchmen called Vrow-sand, of 5, 6, 7, and 8, fathom depth, and runneth to the southwards towards the land of Bulleyn. West and by south from Callice-cliffe, and south and south and by east from Dover, is the shoalest of it, at low water not deeper then sixteene or seventeene foot. On both sides of this banck, as well alongst to the east∣wards as to the westwards of it, it is 20, 22, 23, and 24, fathom deepe. Men may anchor before Dover for a north and northwest wind, right against the Castle, in tenne fathom, is the best road, and cleane ground. For to sayle into the Downes from the southwards, you must run about by the south Forland, within two cables length alongst by the land, and anchor thwart of the middlemost Castle in 7, or 8, fathom.

The southermost poynt of Gooding, and the south Forland lye n. e. and s. w. asunder.

Betwixt Goodding and the Valley in the land off the north Forland, called Ramsgat. lye two shoals, whereof the westermost is called the Quernes, and the easter∣most the Brakes.

For to sayle from Dover (through within the Goodding, betwixt the Goodding and the Brakes,) to the north Forlant, you must goe on north and by east so long untill that the mill upon the north Forland come to the west side of the Valley in the north Forland, then goe yet north and by east, and northnortheast, untill that the little steeple upon the North Forland come to the East-side of the foresayd valley, then you shall bee to the northwards of the Brakes, and then the little flat steeple on the south Forland commeth too, or right over the third white Chalck-hill to the North∣wards of the south Forland, that is a direct long marke, for to sayle through betwixt the Brakes and Goodding, as well when you come from the Northwards as from the South-wards.

For to sayle through within the Goodding from the Northwards, you must not come nearer the Brakes then in seven fathom, and set the south Forlant southsouth∣west from you, and sayle then so right with it, and then you shall runne alongst the best deepe. When as the flat steeple upon the North Forland standeth in Rams∣gat ot the Valley, then you shall be thwart of the Brakes, and when the mill commeth in Ramsgat, you shall be to the southwards of the Brakes.

When you lye in the Downes, and that the inner poynt of the cliffe of the south Forland lye southsouth∣west from you, then the Quernes lye north and by east from you, and the, end of Goodding n. e. from you.

The north end of Goodding, and the poynt of the north Forland, lye southeast and by east and n. w. and by w. a league & a halfe asunder.

For to come from the northwards into the Downes through betwixt the Brakes and the Quernes: there standeth a Church upon the high land of the south For∣land, to the northwards of it, which is a flat steeple, & the church somewhat great of body, & there are 3 Cast∣les upon the strand of the Downes, you must bring the foresayd Church with the flat steeple right in the middest betwixt the two southermost Castles, and then you are in the fareway in the middle of the channel, and that wil serve for a leading mark to run through be∣twixt the Brakes and the Quernes, and the course lyeth through s. s. west. If the winde bee southerly, that you must turne to windwards through, runne not further over to the eastwards then that the foresayd church come within 2 ships length of the southermost castle, for if you should bring them neerer, or together, then you should run upon the brake, and being cast about run not further over the westwards then that the fore∣sayd church come within two shippes length of the three for if you should bring them neerer, or together, you should run upon the Quernes, and these markes will ser∣ve to turne to windwards through betwixt the Brakes & Quernes either from the northwards or the southwards. The Brake is steep, being 5 s. close alongst by the side of it,

and in the middle of the channell is but 15 foot at low water, soo that it is deeper by this side of the Brake, then in the middle of the channell. As you turn to windwards, and run over to the eastwards towards the Brake, as soon as you must cast about, or els you should be aga∣inst the Brake: the Querne is flat, but neverthelesse as soon as you finde it shoaler (in running over to the w. wards the Querne) then 15 foote, you must cast about a∣gain, and so turn through. About halfe a league from the north end off the Goodding to the southwards, lyeth of a flat tayle or spit of sand to the westwards from the Goodding, a great musket shot of, and falleth dry a good wayes of at low water, which maketh the channell there betwixt the Goodding and the Brake very narrow, the thwart markes of this tayle of sand are these: up within the land, a litle to the southwards of Ramsgate, stand 3 or 4 high trees together, when these trees doe come right over the southermost end of the cliffe that lyeth alsoo a litle to the southwards of Ramsgat, then you are thwart of this foresayd tayle of sand, as soon as you shall bee past it, then you shall have more roo∣me to turne to windwards, and may run further over to the Goodding.

For to sayle from Dover without the Goodding to the north Forland, you must keepe the poynt to the west∣wards of Dover without the south Forland, and goe on northeast untill that the north Forland come n.w. and by west from you, then you may boldly run to the north Forland, and anchor before Margate, or where that you shall think it best, but thwart of the steeple, where the mill standeth by, is the best roade. Or when the poynt of the north Forland lyeth southsouthwest and southwest and by south from you, there is alsoo good riding in 8 or 9 fathom. Betwixt Margate & the Reculvers, mē may anchor every where in sixe or 7 fathom at halfe flood.

Betwixt the Querns & the north Forland men may also run through to Sandwich, there runs of a litle stone∣banck from the shore, called the Fourefoot, betwixt that and the Quernes it is at halfe flood two fathom deepe. The Quernes are lately growne much lesse, and shifted, soo that the north ende of them is allmost gone.

Of the tydes & courses of the Streames,

Alongst the coast of Flanders on the Land, a south and north moone maketh full sea.

In the fareway without the Flemish banckes in the sea, a s. w. moone maketh high water.

In the middest betwixt the heads, a s. w. Moone.

At Dover, a south & north moone.

In the Downes, a southsouthwest moone.

At the n. Forland, a south & n. moone.

Alongst the Flemish banckes, the fore-flood falleth over the banks, towards the land, about the third part of the tyde, afterwards alongst the Land, but the after-flood falleth to the northwards alongst the sea in the right fareway.

When the flood beginneth to go there thwart off at sea, then it is already halfflood on the land, and the wa∣ter flowen halfe wayes, soo that men may goe into all the Havens on the Flemish coast with 5 or 6 foot water.

In the middest through the Heades, the flood falleth n. e. & by east, & the ebbe southwest & by west.

Fro. Dover to the n. Forland, the tyde falleth through within the Goodding n. & s. over the Brakes & Quernes.

Before Callice and Blacknesse, the flood falleth first one quarter to the land, afterwards n. n. e.

Of the Depths.

In the right fare-way betwixt the Marsdeep & the Heades it is 23 & 24 fathom deepe. A little without the Flemish bankes 18. 19. & 20 fathom, but neere Good∣ding, or about the north Forland, it is 26. 28. and also 30 fathom deep, the neerer Goodding the deeper water.

Being thwart of Goodding in 28 or 29 fathom, you shall not be 2 shots of a cast-peece from it.

For to sayl out of the Marsdeep towards the Head, go not on otherwise then southwest, & southw. and by south, (but you must be very carefull to take heed of the tydes) when you shall reckon to have sayled 40 or 46 leagues, then edge over to the Flemish banckes untill you come in 20 or 18 fathom, when that you are sure of these grounds, then goe on southwest, & at length southwest, & by west, & you shal come in the midst betwixt the Heads of Callice & Dover.

Flanders you may see from the Poope in 16 fathom, and then you are within the poynt of the Flemish banc∣kes.

Callice cliffe & the south Forland, or the poynt of Do∣ver you may see when you are before them in 24 fathom.

Courses & Distances.

• From Blanckenbrough to Ostend s.w. & by w. 2 leagues
• From Oostend to Newport w.s.w 3 leagues.
• From Newport to Dunkerck w.sw. 5 leagues.
• From Dunkerck to Graveling w.s.w. 5 leagues
• From Graveling to Callice w.s.w. 4 leagues
• From Callice to Callice-cliffe s.w. & by west 1 league.
• From the Heades of Callice and Dover to the Riffe of Iutland northnortheast 120 leagues.
• From Callice-Cliffe to the Naze in Norway, north north east, somewat northerly 143 leagues.

Heights.

• The Heads and Dover lye in 51 degr. 12 min.

How these Lands doe shew themselves at Sea.

[illustration]

Wenduynen. Ostend. Middlekerck. Newpoort.

Wackerhout. S. Catelijn Lombardside.

Thus sheweth the coast of Flanders betwixt Ostend and Newport.

[illustration]

Thus sheweth Dover when you sayle to the westwards of the Vaen, or Vrow-sand, through the Heades.

When you run from the Downes towards the north Forland, then the land sheweth it self thus.

[illustration]

Newport The Broers Soutkoten Dunkerck Graveling. Callice.

Thus sheweth the coast of Flanders, betwixt Newport and Callice, when you sayle alongst by it.

Notes

• Oostend.
• Newport
• For to fall into New∣port.
• Quade-banck.
• Smal-banck.
• For to sail into Dun∣kerck.
• The Splin∣ter.
• Graveling
• Newlan∣den.
• Callice.
• Callice-cliffe.
• The Trick.
• The Geer
• Laland.
• Stroom
• Stone-banck.
• Sandele
• Oud∣moers Banck.
• Calbank.
• Broers banck.
• Cams-banck.
• Wilbaert Sound.
• Markes of the Fle∣mish bancks.
• The cliffe
• The Ruy∣tinig.
• The Dyke
• Broad banck.
• Good∣ding.
• Brakes.
• Quernes.
• For to sai∣le through betwixt the Bra∣kes and the Quer∣nes.
• Thwart markes of a tayle of sand, lying of from the Good∣ding.
• For to run about a seaboard of Good∣ding.