The lighting colomne or sea-mirrour containing the sea-coasts of the northern, eastern and western navigation: setting forth in divers necessarie sea-cards all the ports, rivers, bayes, roads, depths and sands ... With the discoveries of the chief countries, and on what cours and distance they lay one from another ... As also the situation of the northernly countries, as islands, the strate Davids, the isle of Ian-Mayen, Bear-Island, Old-Greenland, Spitsbergen and Nova Zembla ... Gathered out of the experience and practice of divers pilots and lovers of the famous art of navigation. By Jan van Loon. Whereunto is added a brief instruction of the art of navigation, together vvith nevv tables of the suns declination, also an almanack extending untill the yeare 1661.

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Title
The lighting colomne or sea-mirrour containing the sea-coasts of the northern, eastern and western navigation: setting forth in divers necessarie sea-cards all the ports, rivers, bayes, roads, depths and sands ... With the discoveries of the chief countries, and on what cours and distance they lay one from another ... As also the situation of the northernly countries, as islands, the strate Davids, the isle of Ian-Mayen, Bear-Island, Old-Greenland, Spitsbergen and Nova Zembla ... Gathered out of the experience and practice of divers pilots and lovers of the famous art of navigation. By Jan van Loon. Whereunto is added a brief instruction of the art of navigation, together vvith nevv tables of the suns declination, also an almanack extending untill the yeare 1661.
Author
Colom, Jacob Aertsz, 1599-1673.
Publication
At Amsterdam :: printed by John Johnson bookseller, dwelling upon the Water, in the Passe-card,
1654.
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"The lighting colomne or sea-mirrour containing the sea-coasts of the northern, eastern and western navigation: setting forth in divers necessarie sea-cards all the ports, rivers, bayes, roads, depths and sands ... With the discoveries of the chief countries, and on what cours and distance they lay one from another ... As also the situation of the northernly countries, as islands, the strate Davids, the isle of Ian-Mayen, Bear-Island, Old-Greenland, Spitsbergen and Nova Zembla ... Gathered out of the experience and practice of divers pilots and lovers of the famous art of navigation. By Jan van Loon. Whereunto is added a brief instruction of the art of navigation, together vvith nevv tables of the suns declination, also an almanack extending untill the yeare 1661." In the digital collection Early English Books Online 2. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A80180.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 29, 2024.

Pages

The fourth Demonstration, Containing A Description of Orlogenes from the Cape of Can∣denoes to the west-coast of Nova Sembla and the Weygat.

ORlogenoes and the cape Candenoes lieth severally north east and south∣west 35 miles. The corner of Can∣denoes is well enough known; there stands 5 great crosses up for tokens, which when ye come by, ye can per∣fectly perceive that the land fails you, on the one side south-west to∣ward the White sea, and on the other side south-east.

About ten miles easterly from Cabo de Candenoes, there lieth an Island called Morsonowits, from thence easterly there lieth a great Inham landward in, which is a flat undeep water, withall a deceitfull ground. There hath been divers ships who have saild amisse here, thinking that they had been in the mouth of the Whitesea, therefore it is necessarie to learn to distinguish the land, for the Russish coast eastward Candenoes is very sandie, and a flat shoar; and the coast of Lapland is high, and full of mountains. Into this Inham there runs a river from the land, through the which ye can come in boats to the White sea.

Besides this Inham about twentie miles east and east sou∣therly from Candenoes, there lieth an Island called Col∣goya, which is ten miles in length; ye may sail round about it, but on the south-side thereof lieth a craig which comes from the east, that ye must shun, because it joyns to the west-end of this Island. There are a great many geese on this Island, which in the sommer time are wholly naked having no kinde of feathers; they lay their egge under their stump or taile, and on that fashion breeds forth their young ones: there are such multitudes of those geese there, that the Russes comes with their Lodges or boats to land, and takes of them by multitudes, and salts them in tuns.

From the Candenoes to the Island Tussara the course is east south-east 32 miles, and between both lieth this great ham. On the west-side of Tussara lieth the corner of Swel∣genoes. From Tussara to the river of Colcova the course is eastward five miles, that is a good river, and some twelve foot deep, there is no other traffique there but that the Russes comes from Colmogro and St. Niclaes with their lodges to change their wares for rough skins.

Five miles eastward from the river Colcova lieth the river Pitsana, which is but six foot deep, and is not well known, a little westerly from this lieth a drie bank which ye must shun. Olivier Brunel coming from Nova Sembla sat here on ground.

Ten miles eastward from Pitsana lieth the river Pitsora, that runs by the east-corner in, south south-east, and is deep six Holland yards: the land there is low and sandie, on the west-corner there stands a Pack-house whereon stands some crosses; when ye come within the river, turn a little west∣ward up toward the Pack-house, and let anker fall on three or four fathoms water, there is a great poole or lake.

Ye must shun the east side of the river, for it is full of sand and banks. The town of Pitsora lieth 26 Dutch miles land∣ward in: there is abundance of costly skins and cristall.

Between Pitsora and Way-gats lieth Oltgijn, and without on the land lieth two rocks or little Islands, the one called Oranjen, and the other Graef Maurits: there ye may ly at anker on six or seven fathoms. From the south-side there comes a sandbed off-falling, where ye have but three fa∣thoms. On the east and west-side of these two Islands there is a great Inham, flat water; the land lieth there in the round to the corner of Pitsora, all in one Inham: it is from Pitsora to Way-gats north-east easterly 24 miles.

Way-gats, which is likewise called the Strait of Nas∣sowen, is a narrow passage through which ye can sail into the Tartarish sea. It lieth first easterly, and then north-east the matter of six or seven miles, about midway there lieth an Island which ye can sail by on both sides. A little within the corner on the north-side is a brave bay, into the which ye can let anker fall so deep as ye please, to wit on five, four or three fathoms, good strong ground; toward the east wall ye have the deepest water, and ye ly there safe from all windes or Yee-flouds. It hath been assayed at two severall times to finde away through this Strait, to sail be-north Tartarie to come to the rich Kingdomes of Cathy and China, and from thence to Molucquen; but all in vain, because of the great Yee that lieth there the whole year, and never melts, by reason of the constant cold.

From the east-end of the Strait Way-gats to the Inham of Oby, the course is east south-east and south-east

Page 78.12

easterly thirtie miles. On the east-side hereof the land lieth north-east thirtie miles more, to the two norther rivers, and from thence northeast, but how far, is not as yet known

The west-coast of Nova Sembla lieth from Way-gat northward to Constint-zarck, north-west about fourtie miles. Benorth this falls it north easterly-ward to the cor∣ner of Langenesse or the Staten-hoeck (or States corner) and so forth north north-east, north-east and east north-east to the Islands of Oranje; the northmost part of Nova Sembla lieth on the heighth of 77 grades and an half.

Of the Tides and flovving of Streams.

From the east-side of Candenoes to the Island of Col∣goyen, the stream fals east and east southerly, as likewise along that same Island; From Colgoyen to Way-gats fals the stream east and west. Alongs Nova Sembla the streams turns about with the moone. Alongs Rusland they come from between Candenoes and Pitsora out of the west and west north-west, and so runs alongs Rusland.

The streams that comes to Way-gats comes from Col∣goyen and Nova Sembla, and falls with the rest east nor∣therly through the Strait of Way-gats to the river Oby, so by this means the flowing and ebbing of the streams keeps the passages of Way-gats open, so that they are of∣ten without Yce, except boards of Yce that come from other places driving. But on the east-side of Way-gats the floud comes from the north-east, and falls in the Oby and Strait of Nassow. The water flows and ebbs there, but keeps no constant course.

Of the depths and grounds, so vvel on the east as vvest-side of VVay-gat.

Along the whole coast from Candenoes to Way-gats, it is a flat upgoing ground, most sand and fast ground. If it be mistie weather and if ye have eight or nine fathoms water, then ye must know that ye are but three or four miles from the coast: but if ye have 30 or 35 or 40 fathoms, then ye are far enough from land: so is it likewise alongs Nova Sembla, and over the east-side of Way-gats, but when ye come into the mouth it grows flatter.

Of the situation, and hovv far every land lieth from another.
  • From Orlogenes to the Cape Candenoes the course is north-east 35 miles.
  • From Candenoes to the Island Colgoye, the course is east southerly 20 miles.
  • From Candenoes to Swelgenoes, south-east easterly 22 miles.
  • From Candenoes to the Island Morsonowits, south-east 10 miles.
  • From Candenoes to Tussara, east south-east 32 miles.
  • From Tussara to Colcova, east 5 miles.
  • From Colcova to Pitsana, east northerly 5 miles.
  • From Pitsana to Pitsora, east and east northerly 10 miles.
  • From Pitsora to Way-gats, the course is about north-east easterly 10 or 12 miles.
  • From Catsnoes to the Islands of Solofky, west a little southerly 28 miles.
  • From Catsnoes to Warsiga, north-west westerly 12 or 13 miles.
  • From Catsnoes to Polongi, north-west northerly 17 miles.
  • From the Islands of Solofky to Ombay in Lapland, north 24 or 25 miles.
  • From Solofky to Warsia, east north-east 24 miles.
  • From Solofky to Polongi, north-east easterly 38 miles.
  • From Candenoes to Costintzarck in Nova Sembla north-east somewhat easterly 46 miles.
  • From the east-end of Colgoyen to Way-gats, east 45 miles.
  • From Pitsora to the east-end of Colgoya, west north-west 32 miles.
  • From the Lowland to the Stream-bay east & west 4 miles.
  • From the Stream-bay to Yce-havens-corner, east norther∣ly 3 miles.
  • From the Yce-havens-corner to the Islands-corner the course is east north-east 5 miles.
  • From the Islands-corner to Vlissinger-head, north-east easterly 3 miles.
  • From Vlissinger-head to the Head-corner the course is north-east 4 miles.
  • From the Head-corner to the corner of Begeerten, (or de∣sire) south and north 6 miles.
  • From the corner of Begeerten to the Islands of Oranjen, north-west 8 miles.
  • From the Islands of Oranjen to the Yce-corner, west and south-west 5 miles.
  • From the Yce-corner to the Cape the Troost (or comfort) west and west southerly 25 miles.
  • From the Cape the Troost to the Cape Nassow, west nor∣therly 10 miles.
  • From the Cape Nassow to the east-end of the Crosse-Island, west northerly 3 miles.
  • From the east-end of Crosse-Island to Wilhelms-Island, west southerly 3 miles.
  • From Wilhelms-Island to the Black-corner, west south-west 6 miles.
  • From the Black-corner to the East-end of the Admirali∣teyts Island, west south-west 7 miles.
  • From the East-corner to the West-corner of the Admira∣liteyts-Island west south-west 5 miles
  • From the West-corner of the Admiraliteyts-Island to the Capo de Plancio south-west westerly 10 miles.
  • From the Capo de Plancio to Lomsbay, west south-west 8 miles.
  • From Lomsbay to the Staten (or States) corner, west south-west 10 miles.
  • From the States-corner to Langenesse, south-west southerly 14 miles.
  • From Langenesse to the Capo de Cant south-west sou∣therly 6 miles.
  • From the Capo de Cant to the corner of the Black-rock, south westerly 4 miles.
  • From the corner of the Black-rock to the Black Island, south south-east 3 miles.
  • From the Black Island to Constintzarck, east and west 2 miles.
  • From Constintzarck to the Crosse-corner, south south-east 5 miles.
  • From the Crosse-corner to St. Laurence-bay, south-east 6 miles.
  • From St. Laurence-bay to Meel-haven, south south-east 6 miles.
  • From the Meel-haven to the two Islands, south south-east 16 miles.
The Heights.
  • The Cape of Candenoes lieth on 69 grades 30 minut. I. Colgoya on 69 grades 10 minutes.
  • The rivers of Colcova, Pitsana, and Pitsora, lieth on 68 grades 40 minutes.
  • Way-gats or the Strait of Nassow lieth on 69 grades 43 minutes.
  • The North-corner, which lieth most northward of No∣va Sembla, lieth on 77 grades 30 minutes.

Notes

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