The description and use of the carpenters-rule: together with the use of the line of numbers (inscribed thereon) in arithmetick and geometry. And the application thereof to the measuring of superficies and solids, gaging of vessels, military orders, interest and annuities: with tables of reduction, &c. : To which is added, the use of a (portable) geometrical sun-dial, with a nocturnal on the backside, for the exact and ready finding the hour of the day and night: and other mathematical conclusions. Also of a universal-dial for the use of seamen or others. With the use of a sliding or glasiers-rule and Mr. White's rule for solid measure. / Collected and fitted to the meanest capacity by J. Browne.

The Art of Gaging all manner of Ves∣sels either close or open.

All Vessels to put Liquor in are

made either square, as Brewers Cool∣ers; or round, or oval-formed, or mixed, as part of one form and partly of another: but the ordinary vessels are the regular, viz. Square backs, or Coolers, or Taper-Tuns, and Cop∣pe••s; or else close Cask, as Barrells, Buts, Hogsheads, and the like; for which there are particular Rules for the performance thereof.

And first for the Square-backs.

In order hereunto you must consi∣der by what measure you would Gage your vessel as to Dimensions taking, and as to the solid content either in Wine or Ale-measure, or Ale or Beer-Barrels.

Now the common and most recei∣ved measure to take dimensions with, is Inches, and 100 parts of an Inch, or 10 parts at the least, and for Brewers Businesses the Ale-Gallon is only in use and no other.

Note, An Inch is the exact 36^th part of a Standard-yard, and an Ale∣gallon is 282¼ of those Inches taken

cubically, which is agreeable to four of the Ale-Quarts in the King's Ma∣jesties Exchequer: Or if you will 288 cubique Inches, which is agree∣able to the Standard-Gallon in Coopers Hall, as Alderman Starling and o∣thers have much contended for; but in regard that 282 ¼ is according to the Ale-quart in the Exchequer, that I shall the rather use.

Callon contains inch.	282 ¼	282 ¼
18 g ½ Bar. of Beer	contains of Cube Inches	5080 ½
16 g ½ Bar. of Ale	4516
36 g Barr. of Beer	10161
32 g Barr. of Ale	9032

At 288 Inches in a Gallon.

Gallon contains Inch. 288 ½
Barrel of Beer 10368	5184
Barrel of Ale 9216	4608

Note, A Beer-Barrel is just 6 Cu∣bique-foot.

This being premised, then to measure any Square back, it is but to

take the length and breadth exactly in Inches and 10 parts, and multiply them together, and then to multiply that product, by the depth in Inches and 10 parts, which last product is to be divided by 282 to bring it to Gallons, or by 10161 to bring it to Beer Barrels, or 9032 to bring it to Ale-Barrels; as in the following Ex∣ample.

A Back or Cooler is 72 Inches and 6 tenths broad, and 365 Inches and 4 tenths long, and 8 Inches 7 tenths deep, how many Gallons or Barrels will it hold? Note the work.

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230794 the Content in Cube inches.

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Viz. 22 barrels and neer 26 gallons.

To work this by the Line of Num∣bers will be very difficult to come to exactness, because we cannot see to above 4 figures, yet in regard that after the whole operation is done, the grand querie is, How many Bar∣rels is there? and not how many In∣ches or Gallons; and this you may

well perform to a quarter of a Bar∣rel, by the Line of Numbers. I conceive it will be as much used as the Arithmetical way, being 10 to 1 sooner done; which is thus,

Extend the Compasses from 1 to the Inches and 10ths. broad; the same Extent applyed the same way from the Inches and 10ths. long, shall reach to a fourth number.

Again, As 10161 (the Cube Inches in a Beer-Barrel) to the 4th. or the extent from 10161 to the 4th. shall reach from the Inches and 10ths deep to the content in Beer-Barrels.