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THis therefore is the Syntaxe of words, having number, there remain∣eth that of words without number, which standeth in Adverbs, or Conjunctions. Adverbs are taken one for the other; that is to say, Adverbs of likenesse, for Adverbs of Time. As he spake those words, he gave up the ghost.
Gower, lib. 1. Anone, as he was meeke, and tame. He found towards his God the same.
The like is to be seene in Adverbs of Time, and Place, used in each others stead, as among the Latines, and the Grecians.
Nort. in Arsan.Let us not be ashamed to follow the counsell, and example of our ene∣mies, where it may doe us good.
Adverbs stand in stead of Relatives:
Lidgate, lib. 1. And little worth is fairenesse in certaine In a person, where no vertue is seene. Nort. to the Northerne Rebells.Few women storme against the marriage of Priests, but such as have beene Priests harlots, or faine would be.
Chaucer in his Ballad. But great God disposeth, And maketh casuall by his Providence Such things as fraile man purposeth. For, those things, which.
Certaine Adverbs in the Syntaxe of a Substantive, and an Adjective meeting together, cause, a, the Article to follow the Adjective.
Sir John Cheeke:O! with what spite was sundred so noble a body, from so godly a mind.
Jewell. It is too light a labour to strive for names. Chaucer. Thou art at ease, and hold thee well therein. As great a praise is to keepe well, as win.
Adjectives compared, when they are used Adverbially, may have the Article the, going before.
Jewell. The more inlarged is your libertie, the lesse cause have you to complaine.
Adverbs are wanting. Sir Tho. More. And how farre be they off that would helpe, as God send grace, they hurt not; for, that they hurt not.
Often-times they are used without any necessitie, for greater vehe∣mencie sake; as, Then-afterward, Againe, once more.
Gower. Hee saw also the bowes spread Above all earth, in which were The kinde of all birds there.
Prepositions are joyned with the Accusative cases of Pronounes:
Sir Thomas More.I exhort, and require you, for the love that you have borne to me; and, for the love that I have borne to you; and for the love, that our Lord beareth to us all.
Gower. lib. 1. For Lucifer, with them that fell, Bare Pride with him into Hell.
They may also be coupled with the Possessives: Myne, thyne, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs. Nort. to the Rebells. Thinke you, her Majestie, and the wisest of the Realme, have no care of their owne soules, that have charge both of their owne, and yours?
These Prepositions follow sometimes the Nounes they are coupled with: God hath made Princes, their Subjects guides, to direct them in the way, which they have to walke in.
But, ward, or wards; and, toward, or, towards, have the same Syntaxe,
that versus, and adversus, have with the Latines: that is, the latter com∣ming after the Noune, which it governeth, and the other contrarily: Nort. in Paul Angells Oration to Scanderbech. For, his heart being uncleane to God-ward, and spitefull towards men, doth alwayes imagine mischiefe.
Lidgate, lib. 7. And south-ward runneth to Caucasus, And folke of Scythie, that bene laborious.
Now, as before in two Articles, a, and the, the whole construction of the Latines, was contain'd: so their whole rection is by Prepositions neere-hand declared: where the Preposition of, hath the force of the Genitive; to, of the Dative; from, of, in, by, and such like of the Ablative: as, the praise of God. Be thankfull to God. Take the cock of the hoope. I was saved from you by you, in your house.
Prepositions matched with the Participle present, supply the place of Gerundes: as, In loving, of loving, by loving with loving, from loving, &c.
Prepositions doe also governe Adverbs.
Lidgate, lib. 9. Sent from above, as shee did understand.
Generall exceptions: Divers Prepositions are very often wanting, whereof it shall be sufficient to give a taste in those, that above the rest, are most worthy to be noted.
Of, in an Adjective of Partition: Lidgate, lib. 5.
His Lieges eche one being of one assent To live, and dye with him in his intent.
The Preposition, touching, concerning, or some such like doth often want, after the manner of the Hebrew Lamed:
Gower. The privities of mans heart They speaken, and sound in his eare, As though they loude windes were.
Riches, and inheritance, they be given by Gods providence, to whom of his wisdome hee thinketh good: For, touching, riches, and inheritance; or some such like Preposition.
If, is somewhat strangely lacking: Nort. in Arsan. Unwise are they, that end their matters with, Had I wist.
Lidgate, lib. 1. For, ne were not this prudent ordinance, Some, to obey, and above to gye Destroyed were all worldly Policie.
The superfluitie of Prepositions is more rare: Jewell. The whole Univer∣sitie, and City of Oxford.
Gower. So that my Lord touchend of this I have answered, how, that it is.
The Greeke Article is set before the positive also: Theocrit. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
In Greeke, and in Latine, they are cou∣pled; some, with one ob∣lique case; some with another.
The He∣brewes set them alwayes before.
The like nature in Greeke, and Hebrew have Prepositions matched with the infinite, as 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
This in He∣brew is very common: from now, that is, from this time, whence pro∣ceed those he∣braismes in the New Te∣stament; 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c.