The history of all religions in the world, from the creation down to this present time in two parts : the first containing their theory, and the other relating to their practices ... : to which is added, a table of heresies : as also a geographical map, shewing in what countrey each religion is practised ... / by William Turner ...

8. Sacerdotal, &c. Vestments, or Distinctions.

Jewish.

1. THE Garments of the High-Priest;

1. In his ordinary Ministration.

1. Linnen Breeches next his Skin.

2. A Linnen Coat over that.

3. A Girdle embroidered, of Linnen, Pur∣ple, and Scarlet.

4. A blue Robe, with 72 Bells of Gold, and as many Pomegranates, purple and blue, upon the Skirts.

5. A Linnen Ephod, wrought with Gold, Purple and Scarlet, girded with a curious Girdle: On the Shoulders two fair Beryll Stones, with the Names of the 12 Tribes engraven thereon.

6. A Linnen Breast-plate, wrought with Gold, Purple and Scarlet, fastned to the Ephod with Gold Chains. On this were 12 Stones, with the Names of the 12 Tribes.

Here also was the Ʋrim and Thummim.

7. A Linnen Miter, 16 Cubits, wrapt about his Head.

8. A Gold Plate, tied with a blue Lace to the Front of the Miter, whereon was writ, Holiness to the Lord.

2. In his Extraordinrry, viz. when he entred into the Holy of Holies.

And then

• 1. The Linnen Breeches,
• 2. Linnen Girdle,
• 3. Linnen Coat,
• 4. Linnen Miter, were all white.

2. Inferiour Priests had Breeches, Coat, Girdle, Bonnet, all Linnen.

3. Singers (who were Levites) used Linnen Gar∣ments.

Christian.

Concerning the Garments of the Christian Cler∣gy, Authors differ.

1. That they wore a white Garment, seems plain, from 1. S. Hierom. — Episcopus, Presbyter & Diaconus & reliquus Ordo Ecclesiasticus in ad∣ministratione sacrificiorum candidâ Veste procedit. B. Jewel.

2. S. Chrysost. who speaking to the Clergy, saith,—

This is your dignity, your Garland, not that you walk through the Church in white Ap∣parel, &c. Idem.

2. S. Hierom saith, "They — of the Church at Bethlehem, used no difference in Apparel.

S. August. to his Clerks, — Let not your Ap∣parel be notable.

Pope C••lestia I. saith — Discernendi sumus à plebe, Doctrinâ, non veste.

3. It was decreed by Pope Eusebius, — Sacrifi∣cium Altaris non in Serico panno, aut tincto, quisquam celebrare praesumat, sed in puro lineo ab Episcopo consecrato. Karrauz.

4. Diaconi — Dalmaticis utantur, & pallis lino∣stimis. Can. 6. Concil. Rom. Idem.

Dalmatica signifies a Coat with Sleeves, also a Priest's, or Bishop's outward Vest, Cope, Sur∣plice. Dr. Littleton.

Palla, a Pall, a short Garment like a Cloak with Sleeves, called a Pall-Coat, not reaching very low.

The Papaes, or Greek-Priests are always clad in black, and wear a black Cap, with a List of white Cloth about it, and a piece of black Cloth fastned to it within, which hangs down upon the back.— They wear long Hair. M. de Thevenot.

Christians of S. John wear long Hair, and a little Cross of Needle-work.

The Abyssine-Priests always carry a Cross abroad with them, which is almost all the distinction which they have. Job Ludolph.

The Hungarian-Priests wear Purple. D. Browns.

When the Muscovite-Clergy walk in the Streets, they have a Staff (Posok) forked at the end, in the form of a right Angle, which serves for a Cro∣sier. They wear no Rings, lye on no Beds, wear no Drawers or Shirts of Linnen, but of Flannen. Their ordinary Habit a black Cassock, &c. D. of Holst. Emb.

The Armenian Patriarch at Ispahan, at Service-time, had a Cope of Cloth of Silver, with Flowers, of Gold, beset with great Pearls, and a Miter of the same, covered with round Pearls. Idem.

Mahometan.

The Mullies, or Moolaas, are distinguished only with their beards, which they wear long—this in the Mogul's Country.

The Dervishes use a very mean Apparel, on their Heads a Cap of white Felt, much like our Night Caps.

The Cadilescher is cloathed in Chamlet, Sattem Silk, Damask or Velvet, of seemly colour, as Rus∣set, or Tawney; and of purple-coloured Cloth with long sleeves. Their Tulipan on their head is very great, sharp in the midst, of Purple or Russet Co∣lour, thicker and deeper than others; their beards great: they ride on Geldings, with Purple Foot-clothes fringed; and when they go on Foot, they go slowly, to represent a Gravity. Purchas.

Ancient Heathen.

1. The H. Priest of Jupiter wore a White 〈◊〉〈◊〉 (Albogalerws) figured with wingech Thunder, of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Round Form, without which he might not go out of his House.

Also he wore a Purple Gown, called Trabea, mixt with Scarlet.

2. The Priests of the Supernal Gods wore Pur∣ple, as did also the Augurs in performing of their Office.

The Persian Priest used no Vestments, but a Ti∣ara for his Head, clothed with Mirtle.

3. The Priests of Pluto were clothed in Black Hence the Priests of Baal are in Scripture called, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Pullatâ veste induti. Pagnin.

4. The Priests of Ceres wore White Garments and Shoes:

Alba decent Cererem, vestes Cerealibus albas Sumite— Ovid.

At Hierapolis were 300 Priests, who ministred all in White, with their Hands covered, and sacrificed twice a day; with singing and musical Instruments, if to Juno; but to Jupiter with none. Rosse.

Their H. Priest wore purple, and a Golden Mi∣tre. Idem.

The Arabians were clothed with Linen, Mi∣tres and Sandals.

Modern Heathen.

In Ceilon, the Tirinaxa's and Gonni have both the same Habit, viz. a Yellow Coat, gathered to∣gether about their Waste, which comes over the left shoulder, girt about with a Belt of fine Pack-thread; their heads are shaved and bare; And they carry in their hands a round Fan, with a wooden handle to keep off the Sun. Capt. Knox.

The Herboods of the Persees is usualy with a yellow Scarfe, and thin Turbant on his Head. Sr. Th. Herbert.

In Calicut at Sacrificing a Cock to the New Moon, the Priest was Attired in Lawn, with a sharp Silver Knife in his hand, his Arms and Legs after the Morisco Mode, with Bells, or round Sil∣er Plates Jingling. Idem.

In Siam the Ecclesiastics have their Crowns shaved, and wear Yellow Linnen Cloaths. Man∣delslo.

In China all the Religious Men are Cloathed in Serge, but distinguished by colours, black, white, and a dark grey: the General is clothed in Silk. Idem.

Among the Samodyes the Priest hath a white Garland on his Head, and Ribs and Teeth of Fishes, of wild Beasts, hanging about him. Rosse.

In Mexico a Crown of Rich Feathers, Golden Pendants, &c.

Diabolical.

It is not to be expected, that Satan should di∣stinguish his chief Ministers, or Agents in this Mock-Religion, by any visible or external Badg; That were the way to discover, and expose them to shame and punishment, and to destroy his own cause. Nor can I tell, whether they have any Note of Distinction among themselves in their own So∣ciety. But I remember, Mr. Glanvil relates out of the confession of one or more Witches, that some∣times the Devil had assembled them by Night in a Church, and himself in the habit of a Minister, apparelled in black, with a little band, preach'd to them out of the Pulpit.

Delrius also speaks of a Man in Sacerdotal habit and ornaments at a Midnight Assembly of Witches See before in the Chapt. of Dedication of Temples, &c.

In Amboyna there is not a Master of a Family that hath not a Vesture extraordinary, and a Ring carefully kept in the House, for a perpetual Testi∣mony of his Alliance to the Devil. Mandelslo.