The history of all religions in the world, from the creation down to this present time in two parts : the first containing their theory, and the other relating to their practices ... : to which is added, a table of heresies : as also a geographical map, shewing in what countrey each religion is practised ... / by William Turner ...

2. Pharisees, Essens, and Hasideans.

Pharisees, their Tenents and Tra∣ditions.

1. Prayer.

THEY Prayed 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, oft and long: Thrice a day was ordinary; at 9, 12, and 32 Clock. Yea their Progenitors (Chasidim, Assideans) di∣vided the day into three parts, whereof one was be∣stowed on Prayer, the next on the Law, and the third on their Work, Dr. Hall.

2. Grace at Meat.

Their very Disciples, if they had forgot to give thanks, were taught to return from the Field to the Board, to say Grace, Idem.

3. Divine Service.

The Decalogue must be read once a day of every man; others twice: — without moving Eye, Hand, Foot; — in a clean place, free from any Excrement, and four Cubits distant from any Se∣pulchre, Idem.

4. Fasting.

They Fasted twice a Week, in earnest, Mun∣day and Thursday.

5. Penances.

They beat their Heads agains the Walls, as they went, till blood came, (whence one of their seven Pharisees is called Kizai, a Pharisee Draw∣blood) they put Thorns in their Skirts, to sting themselves; they lay on Planks, Stones, Thorns, &c.

6. Holiness

They would not converse with any Different Religion, Samaritans, &c. and for fear, they wash∣ed at their return home.

They wash'd before they ate, Mark 7.3. the more Zealous wash'd the whole body. They wash'd their Cups, Pots and Tables. They wash'd their Hands cubitaliter, Theophi.

Vowed Continency for 8 or 10 Years.

Payed Tythes of all, Mint and Cumin.

Over-kept the Sabbath, would not stop a run∣ning Vessel, lay an Apple to the Fire, quench a a Burning, knock on a Table to still a Child, nor Rub, Scratch in publick, &c.

Enlarged their Phylacteries, and these must be in right Lines in the whole Parchment, of the Hide of a clean Beast.

Made a Wooden Spit of Romegranate, to Roste the Passover.

To Avoid Idolatry; if an Image were in the way, they went about; or if they could not so, they ran; or if a Thorn should light in their Foot near the place, they would not kneel to take it out, left they should seem to do Reverence, but sit down.

They hated the Presence, Fire, Fashion, Books of a Gentile, of a Samaritan, Dr. Hall.

They attributed all things to Fate; that there is no Herb on the Earth, which hath not its Planet in Heaven: If the Soul had done evil, it was adjudg∣ed to perpetual Prisons; if well, it had an easy re∣turn to Life by Transmigration: That God judg∣es

according to the plurality or paucity of Merits or Demerits.

Seven sorts of Pharisees, according to Godw. Jew. Antiq.

1. Pharisaus Sichemita.

2. Truncatus; that upon pretence of Meditati∣on, would searce draw his Foot from the ground.

3. Impingens; that to avoid seeing a Woman, would wink, and run his head against a wall.

4. Quid Debeo facere & faciam? Luke 18.

5. Mortarius, wearing a Hat like a Mortar, to look only downward of forward.

• 6. Ex Amore. See the next pag, Godw. ibid.
• 7. Ex Timore. See the next pag, Godw. ibid.

Pharisees, their History.

Pharisees, from Phares, to divide; or Parash, to expose to publick view; or Parash, to Expound.

They were a crafty and subtil generation of Men, and so perverse even to Princes themselves, that they would not fear, many times, openly to Af∣front and oppose them, Dr. Cave, out of Joseph. Ant. Jud. l. 17. c. 3.

Much Affected and Esteem'd of the Populace, Id.

Therefore Alexander Jannaus, when he lay a dying, advised his Queen, by all means, to com∣ply with this fort of men, imputing his own mis∣carriages to the Offences he had given them, Id. ex eod.

Infinitely proud and insolent, surly and ill-na∣tur'd, hating all mankind but themselves, censur∣ing all who were not of their way; greatly Zea∣lous to gather Proselytes, and then making them not more Religious, but more fierce, censorious heady, two-fold more the Children of Wrath; di∣scriminating themselves from the Herd by Long-Robes, broad Rhylacteries, large Fringes, long Pray∣ers, frequent Easting, domure Looks, a whing Tone, &c. Idem.

They were an improvement of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 1 Mac. 2.42. Those that voluntarily performed some∣things which the Law required not; who divided themselves from the rest of the Profane World, which did not as they did; nay, from the Asidei themselves, who performed as much as they, (but did not think themselves or others obliged by Law to do so.) And therefore were 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Pha∣risees, Separaters from other Men: Not an Order settled by Law; but only a Sect, of which some of all Orders of men were; and indeed a prevail∣ing Sect, taken up by most of the chief Men of the Nation; the Elders in the Sanhedrim, and Rulers in the Consistories, therefore called, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Dr. Hammond. Annot. on Luke 14.1.

Hillal and Sammai were two chief Masters a∣mongst them of Divers Sects.

The Jews reckon 7 kind of Pharisees.

The Essenes were divided into,

1. Cloisterers, Collegiates.

• 1. Married.
• 2. Continent.

2. Eremites, solitary Persons.

The 7 Kinds were,

1. Siehemitoe, which measured Piety by Ho∣nour and Profit, as the Sichemites, which for the Marriage of Dinab would be Circumcised.

2. Nacphi, which lifted not their Foot from the ground.

3. Kisai, draw-blood, which would smite their head to the wall, to draw blood; and shut their Eyes, that they might not behold a woman.

4. Makehobathi, that stood on their own Per∣fection; the word signifies, what is my sin?

5. Meduchia, which went low and stooping.

6. The Pharisee of Love, which obeyed the Law for Love of Vertue or Reward, Abraham's Pha.

7. Of Fear, or Job's Pharisee, which obeyed for fear of Punishment.

Essees, so called from a word which signifies Rest, or Silence, Sealiger. Essoei, qu, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Phil. Jud.

Pliny, l. 5. c. 17. placeth them on the West of the Dead Sea, above 4000 in Number; avoiding Riches and Pleasures as sins; not Marrying, but instructing the Children of others; not meddling with War or Merchandise: Neither Swearing, nor Lying; their Society such, that one Garment, one House, one Food, Treasury, one getting, spend∣ing, one life served to them all, Purchas. Oyl and Neatness they Shun, yet wore always a white Gar∣ment; they worshipped towards the East, given to the Study of Physick, ascribing all things to Fate, Offering inanimate Sacrifices (as Pythago∣reans) and given much to silence, keeping every se∣venth week a Pentecost, careful to preserve the Names of Angels, Rosse.