Polygraphice, or, The arts of drawing, engraving, etching, limning, painting, washing, varnishing, gilding, colouring, dying, beautifying, and perfuming in four books : exemplifyed in the drawing of men, women, landskips, countries and figures of various forms, the way of engraving, etching, and limning, with all their requisites and ornaments, the depicting of the most eminent pieces of antiquities, the paintings of the antients, washing of maps, globes or pictures, the dying of cloth, silk, horns, bones, wood, glass, stones and metals, the varnishing, colouring and gilding thereof according to any purpose or intent, the painting, colouring and beautifying of the face, skin and hair, the whole doctrine of perfumes, never published till now, together with the original, advancement and perfection of the art of painting / by William Salmon ...

CHAP. XXVIII. How the Antients depicted Minerva, or Pallas.

I. MInerva (as taken for Bellona) Licophrones saith was depicted with a flaming fire-brand in her hand by the Antients.

II. Most writers have described Minerva in the shape of a young woman, of a lively and fresh countenance, yet of an angry look, fix'd stedfast eye of a blewish

green colour, compleatly armed at all weapons, with a long Spear in the one hand, and in the other a Crystal shield, or target: upon her helmet a garland of Olive branches, and two children, Fear and Horror, by her side with naked knives in their hands, seeming to threaten one another.

III. Pausanias saith that in Greece, the statue of Mi∣nerva was made with an helmet, on the top of which was the shape of a Sphynx; and on the sides thereof, two carved Griffins.

IV. Phidias making her statue in Greece, placed on the top of her Helmet the form of a Cock.

V. She was also painted in Greece, sitting on a stool, and drawing forth little small threads from a distaff; for that the Ancients supposed her to be the inventress of spinning and the like.