Iatrica, seu, Praxis medendi, The practice of curing being a medicinal history of above three thousand famous observations in the cure of diseases, performed by the author hereof : together with several of the choicest observations of other famous men ... : wherein for the most part you will find 1. the constitution of the body of the sick, 2. the symptoms predominant, 3. the cause of the disease, what? 4. the exact method which was taken in the cure, 5. an exact account of the medicines exhibited, with the order of their exhibition, various doses and success thereupon ... / perform'd by William Salmon ...

CHAP. II. Of the MEGRIM.

The Authors Observations.

I. AHemicrania, or Megrim proceeding from the Pox.

1. A young French-man of about 25 years of Age, having been lately cur'd of the French Dis∣ease (as he thought) being first flux'd by anoint∣ing with the Neapolitan Ointment, and after∣wards having taken the common Diet of Guaja∣cum for 40 dayes, with Purgations every fifth day between, seem'd to be perfectly well: but about three weeks after the ceasing of his Diet, he was seized with a most violent Megrim, or pain on one half his head, viz. on his right side.

2. It began from the beating of the Temples, and went down to the Sagital or Arrow-like Su∣ture, which divides the head long-waies. Its re∣turn was commonly every third or fourth day, about 9 in the morning, continuing in great ex∣tremity, till about 9 the next morning, but grow∣ing most vehement towards night.

3. The Cause was without doubt the Venom of the French Pox not totally eradicated, whose poisonous quality does not only torment the Pe∣riostion and Pericranium, causing outward pain, but also the Films and Menings of the Brain, thereby causing an inward pain: where∣by these pains proceeding from the Pox, com∣monly are very extream; and this last may be so much the more probable, for as much as ma∣ny Headaches proceed simply from the natural weakness of the Brain and parts adjacent: and what can be thought more to weaken the Brain than a malignant Pox, which has seised the head, and fill'd its Ventricles with many Excrements.

4. The Patient was of a brisk sanguine Com∣plexion, had a ruddy Countenance, merry and chearful, given to riding, hunting and such like: he eat and drank well, so also he took his natural rest, and seemed no way discomposed but when this vehement pain seiz'd him.

5. When the pain was upon him he found good by things neither hot nor cold, nor yet by any kind of Unction whatsoever: moreover pellets of Gold were put up his Nostrils, but we could not perceive the least appearance of Quick-silver; so that I concluded, it was from some poisonous matter (now to be evacuated) and the contamina∣tion of the part by the malignity of the Pox.

6. Hence it appear'd that in order to the Cure, I was not only to correct and alter the Virulency of the Humour, but also to evacuate the matter already gathered, and to corro∣borate and strengthen the parts so emptied and weakned.

7. But his pain being Extream, we were forc'd to lay-by the orderly Method of Art, and first make use of Opiates: altho' Opiates are known to be very hurtful in any Head-ach whatso∣ever: but what we gave was this well corrected Laudanum following. Take Opium, four ounces, dissolve it in Spirit of Wine a sufficient Quantity: strain it, and evaporate it to the Consistency of an Extract; this done, Take the Oyl of Salt half an ounce: common water distill'd, a pint: mix them well, in this mixture dissolve the aforesaid Ex∣tract: digest ten daies, then evaporate the Li∣quor almost to driness: the Extract at bottom mix with Virgin Honey, an ounce or somewhat more, Oyls of Sassafras, one dram, of Rosemary and Wormwood, of each half a dram: mix all well together into a Laudanum. Of this I gave him first, five grains: and about 24 hours after I gave him seven grains more, dissolv'd in 2 or 3 spoonfuls of Sack; it gave him ease for the pre∣sent, without any kind of Injury.

8. I now fell upon the methodick practice of Cure; and, by Reason his head and face, chiefly his right side was swelled with the pain; af∣ter the Exhibition of this Clyster: Take Mutton broth, twelve ounces; Infusion of Crocus Me∣tallorum, two ounces: Tincture of Colocynthis made in spirit of Wine, one ounce: oyl olive, two oun∣ces and a half: mix and give it warm, at six a clock at Night. I gave the next morning, a Dose of the Lunar Pills, (whose Composition, and way of using, you may see in my Dispensatory, Lib. 3. Cap. 11. Sect. 21.) the fourth morning

from thence, I gave an ounce of this following Tincture. Take Spirit of Wine, a Pint: pulp of Colocynthis shred small, two Ounces: Anniseeds Bruised, two Drams: Coriander-seed bruised, one Dram: Cloves well bruised, half a Dram: mix, and digest warm for ten days, shaking the vessel every day: then keep it for use; giving on∣ly the clear Liquor, with observation, as in other purges.

9. During the Exhibition of these things, which might have respect to the more internal Cause, I was careful to cleanse the Head, both outwardly and inwardly, of all the Malign mat∣ter: outwardly I caused the Hair to be shaved off from all the right side, and applyed thereto, the common Vesicatory of the Shops, which in 10 or 12 hours did draw a very large Blister, from which a very great quantity of water ran: this very thing gave him much ease.

10. I also cleansed the Head inwardly, by ex∣hibiting at Night these following Errhines: Take Confectio Hamech, two Drams: pouder of Scamony, Gutta Gamba, Agarick, of each one Dram: pouder of Euphorbium, one Scruple: mix and make long Pellets, or rouls to put up the Nostrils: This brought away such a vast quan∣tity of filth from the Head, by the Mouth and Nose, that had I not seen it, I could not have be∣lieved it from the Mouth of another. The Pel∣lets being put up the Nostrils, I caused the Nose to be bound close with a Muffler, for an Hour and quarter; and after the whole working was over, I ordered the sick to repair to his Bed, and to keep his Head warm: These Errhines I repeated twice more.

11. The Lunar Pills, and the aforesaid Tin∣cture, at § 8 aforegoing, I caused alternately to be be given, every fourth day: and upon the Blister, I applyed Melilot-Plaster simple, twice every day till it was well.

12. But that I might confirm the Cure, by taking away the radical Cause, which was the contaminated Habit of the Body, I ordered the following Diet, made of many Alexipharmicks; remembring therein the Opinion of Sennertus, who thinks that Counter-poysons can never be better given, than in the malignity of the POX. The Diet was this, Take Gentian, Zedoary, Sassafras, Contra-Yerva, Virginian Snake-Roots, Bay-Berries, Juniper-Berries, of each four Oun∣ces: Rosemary, Marjoram, Sage, Betony, Ver∣vain, Dittany, all dry, of each three Ounces: Cloves, Mace, Cinnamon, Coriander-seed, Car∣raways, of each half an Ounce: choise and mealy Sarsa, two pounds: let all be well bruised, and in∣fused in Lime-water, six Gallons, over a gentle heat for 10 days: keeping afterwards, for 20 days more, the Liquor upon the Faeces: at which time, you may decant the clean Liquor, and keep it in clean Glass Bottles, close stopt, for use. Of this he took a quart a day, till the quantity aforesaid was wasted; and in about five weeks time, was perfectly cured: this Diet not only altering the Humors, and Habit of the Body, but also strength∣ning the Head, Brain, Bowels, and other parts weakned.

II. A Megrim, proceeding from a Hot Scor∣butick Habit of Body.

1. This hapned in a woman somewhat more than forty years of Age, of a hot, dry and cho∣lerick habit of Body, and sufficiently contamina∣ted with the Scurvy.

2. She had wandering pains up and down, all over her body; her Teeth were many of them perished with the Scorbutick Taint; she had ma∣ny reddish spots in her Arms, upon her Breasts and Shoulders, as also upon her Thighs and Leggs, and she complained that for more than 10 or 12 years last past, she had been troubled with many Hot, Cholerick and Fiery Erupti∣ons of the Skin; and indeed she had a general weakness and indisposition over her whole bo∣dy: her belly for the most part bound, her sto∣mach weak, and her Digestion very bad.

3. She had been with many Physicians, some of whom thought it to be the Scurvy, as afore∣said; others thought it to be the Pox; but the honesty of the Womans Life, her upright Conver∣sation, and the Company she associated her self withal, forbad those suspicions, as also because she had never the prime or Original Symptoms of the Pox: moreover, her Husband was a man of good repute and fame, and one who had lived 20 years last past, in good Health, whereby no∣thing of suspition could arise from him: These things confirmed me in my thoughts.

4. This pain was certainly within the Skull, for it was not outward at all, but extream also at the root of the left Eye. Now it may be either in the Dura Mater, or in the Pia mater, and these two being the one thick and the other thin, and both close joyned together, and to their Vessels, it may be hard to distinguish which of them is most affected; but if the Dura Mater be afflict∣ed, the pain must be outward; because of the Pe∣ricranium which is joyned unto it. If the Pia mater is afflicted, the pain is deeper, and in the Brain as it were. In both, the pain may come to the roots of the Eyes, because the Balls of the Eyes have Tunicles, from the Membranes of the Brain. And in regard both Tunicles are di∣stinct with the Brain long-ways, it happens, that if the Disease be only on one side, that only one half of the Head is pained, which we call the Megrim; but if on both sides, the pain is also on both sides. Some say, there can be no pain in the substance of the Brain, because the substance of the Brain is insensible: but we know, that those parts of the Brain, to which the tender Film or Meninx grows, and which produce the sensitive Nerves, cannot be without sense, and may give occasion of pain with the Mennings, by consent; but in this case, the pain is rather stupifying than sensible.

5. Now as this pain hapned in a Hot Scorbute, so without doubt, it was caused by a praeterna∣tural Heat, and spirituous Blood over-heated, which be degrees weakning the Brain and parts adjacent, might make it the more ready to suffer such an affliction; as we commonly see, after long Diseases of the Head, Wounds, French Pox, &c. In all which there is a continual gathering of Excrements in the Head.

6. In order to the Cure, I thought is necessa∣re to apply Medicaments to remove the Cause. She had been tampering with many Physicians before, who supposing it to be the Scurvy, had loaded her with Spirit of Scurvy-Grass, Horse-Radish-Roots, Brooklime, Water-Cresses, Mu∣stard-seed, &c. and given the juyces of those things likewise in her Drink, with gentle purgings, but these things were so far from curing her, that they made her Disease to rage so much the more vehemently.

7. She applyes her self to me, desiring to know a Reason, why such things as were eminent a∣gainst the Scurvy, and had cured several others, to her knowledge, should do her no good at all, but make her Disease much worse? To whom I Answered, That in the Scurvy, in cold Consti∣tutions, those things might have their desired ef∣fects: but if the Scurvy did chance in a hot and inflamed body, their effects would be quite op∣posite: yet it was my Opinion, that had those things been over-poured with Coolers, and pro∣per Acids, she might have had some good by them.

8. Over-night I ordered this Clyster, Take Quercetan his purging Decoction, Eight Ounces: Oyl of Roses, four Ounces: Cassia extracted for Clysters, two Ounces: Sugar, one Ounce: mix, and give it warm. This I ordered to be exhibi∣ted every other night, the next morning I gave this Purge. Take Extracts of Rhubarb and of Agarick, Rosin of Jalap, of each four Grains: Sal Armoniack, three Grains: Elaterium, two Grains: Tartar Vitriolate, ten Grains: Oyl of Lavender, one Drop: mix, and make Pills for one Dose. This I repeated, every fourth or fifth morning.

9. In this interim of Purging, I prescribed this following, to be taken every morning fasting, to six Ounces: Take Parsly water, two Pounds: Juyces of Plantane and Fumitory clarified, of each one Pound and an half: Juyces of Oranges, three Pound: mix them. At noon I ordered this to be taken. Take Plantane Water, a Pint, Syrupus de-quinque radicibus, three Ounces: Spirit of Sal Armoniack, a Scruple: mix them, for three Doses, to be taken for three days, just before Dinner. At Night this. Take Fumito∣ry-Water, a Quart: Harts-Horn calcined, half an Ounce: Sal Prunellae, three Drams: mix, boyl all a quarter of an Hour, then strain and sweeten with Syrup of Harts-Tongue. Give it for four Doses, for four Nights going to Bed. This Course I continued with her for three Weeks.

10. Lastly, that I might the more effectual∣ly cool the Blood, and alter the hot Constitution of the Body, I Ordered her to take Oyl of Salt, in all the drink she drank, and to make it as tart as

she could well endure it, and this to do at least 5, 6, or 7 times a day: by following this Counsel, she became perfectly well, in about three weeks time; being freed as well from her Scurvy, as her Megrim.

III. A Megrim proceeding from a Scorbute in a Cold Constitution.

1. This is a famous Example: An ancient Woman about 55 years old, who had at times been for more than seven years troubled with this Pain, (which as all Physicians judged, and truly enough, to proceed from the Scurvy) she had diversity of Symptoms in the Skin, as Spots in the Leggs, Pustules and Ulcers, swellings in the Gums, looseness of Teeth, and a kind of Erra∣tick Itching all over her whole body: to which add this violent pain over the one half of her head.

2. She had been under other Physicians hands, who had often let her Blood, cup't her upon each Shoulder, had Issues in both Arms and both Legs, given her Clysters, and purged her with a vast number of Cephalick Pills, but all to no purpose.

3. After all this she came to me, requesting my Directions, and declaring all that had been done, as aforesaid; by which I perceived they had not levelled at the cause of the pain, but di∣rected their aim at a wrong mark: When I had a little viewed and examined the Woman, I found the Scurvy to be the root of the matter; and the Scurvy in a cold Constitution; and there∣fore thought in my own Breast, That unless I directed my intentions of Cure to that, I should necessarily miss the desired end, as well as those who had gone before me.

4. In the first place I cleansed her Bowels with this Clyster: Take Mutton Broth twelve ounces, Tincture of Colocynthis an ounce and half, Oyl of Aniseeds one dram, well mixed with Sugar, three ounces; put all together and give it warm. In all her Drink (but chiefly in Horse-radish wine) to take about 12 or 14 drops of Spirit of Sal Armoniack four or five times a day: I gave her a dram of Sal Vitrioli in Chicken Broth, which I repeated every morning for three times, then I purged her four times; twice with the Lunar Pills, and twice with the Golden Spirit of Life, of Rulandus, (the making of which see in my Dispensatory: giving them alternately eve∣ry third day.

5. When all these things were done, I orde∣red her to drink the Antiscorbutick Wine of Mynsicht (see it in my Dispensatory lib. 4. cap. 12. sect. 11.) for 14 or 16 days together, dropping into every draught thereof 8 drops of the Spirit of Sal Armoniack afore-mentioned.

6. For Topicks I ordered to her head hot Bread, and it to be repeated as occasion required; then the places pained to be bathed with Powers of Amber and Juniper-berries, of each a like quan∣tity mixed together: Lastly, That the Ventricles of the Brain should be evacuated with the solid Errhins mentioned in Cap. 1. Sect. 4. § 5. foregoing.

7. And to consummate the Cure, I ordered my Patient the Electuarium ad Tabidos (which see in my Doron Medicum lib 2: cap. 22. s••ct. 1.) to be taken every morning fasting, and just before Dinner, a dram at a time: it not only strength∣ens and comforts all the weakned and enfeebled parts, but is a most excellent Cephalick, and a very great Antiscorbutick. And at Night going to Bed, an ounce of the Conserves of Scurvygrass, Water-Cresses and Brook-lime made up into a Mass with Sugar, the Herbs being in equal pro∣portion; Thus in a months time, the Sick became perfectly well.

IV. A Megrim proceeding from a certain foulness of the Stomach.

1. This was in a Plough-man of near 40 years of Age; and had been of about a twelve months continuance: The man was of a black swarthy Countenance, dull-spirited, slow both of moti∣on and speech; and of a cold, dry and melan∣choly habit of body.

2. His great Complaint was, of a heaviness at Stomach, bad appetite and worse digestion; so that sometimes he Vomited up what he had re∣ceived, with a great deal of other thick, black and nasty matter.

3. I gave him an ounce of the Infusion of Crocus Metallorum mixed with an ounce of Ox∣ymel of Squills, and three ounces of Carduus water: with this he purged both upwards and downwards, and his Stomach seemed to be well cleansed; five days after I repeated the same; and again a third time, and he became well.

From my House at the Red Balls, in Salisbury-Court, Fleetstreet: where my Synopsis Medicinae are to be had.

London, Printed for T. Dawks & L. Curtiss: sold by T. Basset, J. Wright, & R▪ Chiswel. 1681.

The Chapter of the Megrim continued.

V. A Megrim arising from Blood over-heated.

1. A young man of a good habit and consti∣tution of body, over-heating himself in Hay-time or Harvest, fell into a very strong Feaver, with a mighty pain on the right side of his head: The Country people used many things to him, whereby his Feaver was mightily abated, or in a manner gone: but the pain of his head conti∣nued.

2. He came to me, and gave as clear a De∣scription as he could of his Disease, by which I found that the true Cause was too great a heat and fermentation of the Blood, not yet totally suppressed.

3. I ordered him Spirit of Sal Armoniack 12 drops to be taken in fair water, morning and night, and to be continued for about 10 days time: During which time I ordered him to Drink 5, 6, or 8 drops of Oyl of Sulphur in all the drink he drank; and to take it about 5 or 6 times a day; by this means the heat of his Blood was allayed, and the pain went away without any kind of Purging.

VI. A Megrim proceeding from a Stomach oppressed with Flegm.

1. A certain young Lady, 18 years of Age, inclining to a grossness of body, had for two years time been afflicted by Fits with a violent Megrim on the left side of her Head; she seem∣ed when the Pain was off from her, to be in per∣fect Health, except only a kind of heaviness at Stomach; she would also sometimes Vomit Flegm: Moreover when the Fit was upon her, if she could but Vomit, the pain certainly and im∣mediately went away: and the matter she always Vomited, was a cold, thick, viscous or tough Flegm.

2. The Cause seemed to be from the weak∣ning of the inner coat of the Stomach, which is a production of the Dura meninx, by the weight and coldness of the Flegm; as also from the hurt of the Stomatick Nerves (by the same cause) which spring from the Par vagum, or sixth pair (as they are commonly accounted) within the Skull: and hence is the Truth of that common saying among People, That if the Stomach be ill, the Head cannot be well; which is indeed from the consent of Parts joyned by the common me∣diums.

3. She making her Complaint to me, and I apprehending it to proceed from an oppression of the Stomach by Flegm, advised her to take a gentle Vomit which might evacuate that viscous matter. I gave her six drams of Salt of Vitriol, ordering one dram to be given in a morning fast∣ing: and so every other day, so long as she vo∣mited Flegmatick matter: The dram of Salt of Vitriol was divided into three parts, a scruple in a part; she took one scruple dissolved in Broth, which gave her a Vomit: after that Vomit she took another scruple in Broth, and drank also a little Broth after it; which gave her another Vo∣mit: then she took the last Scruple, as aforesaid; by all of which she had 5 or 6 Vomits, the whole matter coming forth being little else but a vis∣cous tough Flegm.

4. She took but 5 drams of the said Salt in 10 days, and her Stomach was perfectly clean∣sed, and the last time she Vomited, was a yellow∣ish, greenish substance, thin and free from Vis∣cosity; upon which I forbad her taking the last dram; the whole quantity of the Viscous Flegm thus ejected forth in these five days of Vomiting, was proved by weight to be somewhat more than 12 pounds.

5. By the use of this alone Medicament was this vehement head-ach perfectly taken away, and the Stomach of the Sick throughly cleansed, whereby she enjoyed her Health very well for se∣veral years after: However to strengthen the Stomach, Brain, and other parts weakned, I ad∣vised her to take every morning and evening, for 14 or 20 days a, dram at a time of our Electüa∣rium ad Tabidos; and now and then a Glass of Wormwood Wine. See the said Electuary in our Doron Medicum. lib. 2. cap. 22. sect. 1.

VII. A Megrim arising from a great blow on the Head.

1. This hapned to a young fellow of 22 years of Age: There was a great Tumor with vehe∣ment pain, a Feaver was excited, with restlessness and a great Thirst.

2. Inwardly I immediately gave this. Take Sal Prunellae, a dram; white Sugar, two ounces; Aqua Celestis, one ounce and half; Parsly wa∣ter, a quart; mix them, and give three or four Spoonfuls at a time; This cooled his Feaver, and took off his vehement Thirst: moreover, I orde∣red him drops of Oyl of Sulphur, to be dropt in∣to all his other drink he drank; by this means his Belly was kept soluble, and the Blood over-heated was cooled, for all Mineral waters, viz. such as come from Vitriol, Sulpher, Niter, or Salt, wonderfully cool and penetrate above all other things, and immediately mix themselves with the Sanguinous mass, whereby that is per∣formed in an Hour or two, which by other things could not be performed in so many days.

3. Outwardly he was annointed with this Oyl: Take Oyls of Dill and Water-Lilly, of each half an Ounce; Opium and Camphir, of each a Scruple; dissolve the Camphir in a little spirit of Wine; then dissolve the Opium in like manner, which two dissolutions mix with the Oyls; and therewith anoint the part afflicted: by the use of this two or three times, the pain went away, the Tumor abated, and the sick in about three days time was perfectly well.

VIII. A Megrim with a violent Cough and shortness of Breath.

1. An ancient Man 76 years of Age, had for ten Months or more, laboured under a vehement pain of his Head, on his left side, which pain commonly returned upon him, once in two or three days: he was mightily afflicted with Flegm, and complained much of a trickling Rheum, which he felt running down his Throat. This Rheum as he thought, excited his Cough, and when the Cough became violent and lasted long, it stirred up that almost intollerable pain, in the one side of his Head.

2. He was advised to, and used many things, but without any good; at last an old Woman ad¦vised him to this Electuary following, of which he was to take as much as a large Nutmeg, 4, 5 or 6 times a day. Take of the best Virgin Honey, ten ounces: Ginger in fine pouder, eight ounces: Red R••ses in fine pouder, one ounce and a half: Spirit of Sulphur, enough to make it as sowr as he could well endure it; mix all together into a mass. Of this the old man did take for at least 6 Weeks, and found much good in it; it took a∣way his Catarrh, comforted his Stomach, and stopt his Cough, whereby the pain of his Head was lessned, or at least it came more seldom, tho, at the fit, with the same vehemency as before.

3. After all this he applyed himself to me, re∣lated to me how he had been, and gave me an Account of the aforegoing Electuary, from which he had received so much good: I liked well the Electuary, and ordered him the conti∣nuation thereof, but caused him to vomit four several times with Salt of Vitriol, given a Dram at a time in a little Broth, in the morning fasting, which wrought well with him, and brought away a great deal of cold, slimy and viscous matter.

4. Lastly, to warm and comfort the Somach and parts weakned, I ordered him to take inward∣ly, The blood red Tincture of black Pepper, made by digesting black Pepper in Spirit of Wine to red∣ness: of this he took about 12 drops, three or four times a day, in a Glass of Canary. Out∣wardly I caused his Head to be Anointed with Oyl of Amber, five or six several times, and then to be bound up; and often to smell to Spi∣rit of Harts-Horn, taking also the Salt of Harts-Horn inwardly, ad gr. sixteen, in Wine, twice a Week: by this means he was made very well, in little more than a months time.

IX. A Megrim with a Catarrh, and Scirrhus Tumor of the Spleen.

1. A certain man, 40 years of Age, had for about two years and an half, been extreamly troubled with a great pain, on the left side of his Head, and a Catarrh or Rheum falling down up∣on his Lungs.

2. He was much troubled with Flegm, fleshy, and inclinable to be fat; howbeit, this extream pain, with that Flux of Humors (as he thought) falling upon his Lungs, had reduced him, even to a Skeleton: so that all that saw him concluded infallibly that he would dye. In the last six

Months, he had a very great pain seized upon him on his left side, so as he could very difficult∣ly Breath; moreover, feeling upon the side, a Tumor of the Spleen might easily be perceived; what with the violence of this pain and Tumor of the Spleen, and what with the vehement pain of the Head, he fell into an extream Ephidrosis or sweating; so that Life was indeed despair∣ed of.

3. He had been in many Physicians Hands, from whom he received, as he thought, a Cart-load of Medicines, but without doubt it was a great deal: His last Physician had taken away from him, at four several times, threescore oun∣ces of Blood, and had made him two Issues, the one in his right Arm, and the other in his right Legg; but these were after he had applyed the Secateum or Seton, and had worn it in the Nape of his Neck, for more than five Weeks; He gave him several Cordials, Potions, Julebs; together with manifold Opiates, which last was indeed the true Cause of that vehement Ephidrosis or Sweat∣ing: but the Opiate he pretended, was designed against that pricking pain of his side; however, it introduced a Tabes or universal Consumption, over his whole Body, which made the by-stan∣ders despair of Life.

4. But of what danger Opiates are, if unwa∣rily given, or if not well prepared, especially in persons either in, or inclinable to a Consumpti∣on, we have already declared, in Our Synopsis Medicinae, Lib. 3. Cap. 30. Sect. 7. § 3. Where you have these Words. But you must be very cautious of Opiates, and totally forbear them, if the sick be but inclinable to sweating, least they pro∣duce an incurable Diaphoresis, which may bring the sick many Weeks or Months to his Grave soo∣ner than otherwise he would: and in sect. 21. § 11. of the same Chapter: If there be a great Colli∣quation by frequent and much sweating, the sick is in great danger, and seldom recovers; this is of∣ten caused by unskillful giving of Opiates and Narcoticks. A••so in Lib. 3. Cap. 33. Sect. 14. § 11▪ You have these Words: But this you are to Note, That you be cautious of giving Opiates, at the Mouth, least, you provoke an incurable Diaphoresis or Sweating, which infallibly and spee∣dily brings the sick to his Grave. These things I thought good here to Remark, against the Va∣nity of such, who promiscuously give Opiates, to all sorts of persons, and in all Cases, without any consideration of the Cause, or danger of the Disease.

5. The Case of our Patient here, was truly de∣sperate, there was (besides the pain in his Head) a Catarrh, and Obstructions of the Lungs (for he could not speak loud:) an Obstruction of the Spleen, (for he was mightily pained thereabouts) a Scirrhus of the Spleen begun, (for a small Tu∣mor might be outwardly felt, but not painful;) a violent Diaphoresis, (for he Sweat almost night and day:) and lastly, an apparert Tabes or uni∣versal pining and Consumption of the whole bo∣dy; (which was manifest by his extenuated ha∣bit;) so that his Sickness seemed to be a great complication of Diseases.

6. In order to the Cure, I considered the most dangerous Symptom, which I concluded to be the violent Diaphoresis, and that all care imagi∣nable might be taken for the stopping thereof; and my reason was, that whatever was done in re∣pect to any thing else, if that was not taken away, the sick must unavoidably, and that suddenly too, dye. I ordered therefore his Body to be gently purged, and that with Senna, Cassia, and such like gentle things, because Purges naturally call the Humors now in Flux inward, and so make a Revulsion.

7. But that this Revulsion might be made pro∣fitable to other ends, as well as that of the Dia∣phoresis only; we ordered this of Riverius, which not only keeps the body soluble, and stops the Diaphoresis, but is also of great power to take a∣way the Scirrhus of the Spleen. Take Ammonia∣cum, Opoponax, Bdellium, of each two Drams, dissolve in white Wine, strain and boyl; then add Confectio Hamech Diaphoenicon, Pilulae Faeti∣dae, of each two Drams: double Catholicon, ha••f an Ounce, Mercurius Dulcis, four Scruples: mix for four Doses. Also I ordered a strong Decoction of Juniper Berries▪ Take Canary, two Quarts: Juniper-Berries (well beaten, so that the grains within may be broken) six Ounces: b••yl them in the Wine, in a thin linnen Bag, till it comes to three pints, then strain and keep it in Bottles for use. Of this I prescribed a Pint or

more in a day, to be taken in the morning fa∣sting, just before Dinner, and last at Night going to Bed, and to be made as tart as he could drink it with Oyl of Sulphur, because that such acid things not only cool the whole mass of Blood, but also bind up the Pores of the Body: by this means in about ten days time his sweating was overcome, but he had a weakness of the Bow∣els, and a kind of looseness, which after a while I removed, with the Tragea Hepatica of Quer∣cetan, which see in my Pharm. Lib. 4. Cap. 21. Sect 78.

8. Now, that the Obstruction of the Lungs might be removed, instead of the Oyl of Sulphur I prescribed the Spirit of Sal Armoniack to be given in the aforesaid Decoction to 8 drops, whose use, as also the use of the Decoction of Juniper I advised to be drank through the whole Cure. for that we know by our own Experience, That by the sole Use of that Decoction, we have cu∣red several hard Tumors of the Spleen, after they have been given-over by other Physicians as un∣curable; as in their proper place we shall shew: also we order'd the aforesaid composition of Ri∣verius to be taken once a week continually, till health was recovered.

9. But now and then, that the sick might not be wearied out, with alwayes taking the same thing, I caused the aforesaid Decoction to cease for 2 or 3 daies; and gave in the Interval this following: Take decoctum pectorale, a quart: Oyl of Tar∣tar per deliquium, an ounce: Spirit of Sal Ar∣moniack, one dram: Tincture of Spanish Juyce of Liquorice in spirit of Wine, three ounces: mix for a Potion. Of this he drank 3 or 4 Spoonfuls about 4 times in a day, by means of which, the Obstruction of the Lungs was remov'd, and the Sick came to his voice again, and breathed well: also the Catarrh insensibly went away.

10. The pain of the head by this time much declin'd, yet was not wholy removed, so that it was necessary to apply our thoughts a little to that. I ordered him to snuff up the Nostrills the powers of Sassafras; and to bathe the place afflicted with the same: this he did often, by which his head was opened and gently purged, and warm'd, and the pain after a miraculous manner went away, such are the Virtues of this Preparation of Sassafras; that they are wonder∣full in this kind.

11. Outwardly to the Region of the Spleen I applyed this Oyntment. Take Ammoniacum strained, one ounce, Balsam of Peru, Labdanum, of each half an ounce: Hens-grease, two ounces: Oyls of Roses and Melilot, of each three ounces: juice of Hemlock, six ounces: boil to the con∣sumption of the juices. With this I annointed, af∣ter which I laid over it Ceratum de Ammoniaco Foresti: by which means the Scirrhus of the Spleen diminish'd daily and went away. If this Cerate could not have been had, I might have applyed the Emplastrum de Galbano Crocatum Mynsichti, Or, Emplastrum è Cicuta cum Am∣moniaco, which you may see in my Dispensatory: or, Labdanum with natural Balsam and Wax: Or that Cerate mentioned in Our Synopsis Medi∣cinae, lib. 3. cap. 31. Sect. 47. § 3. at the end there∣of.

12. During all this time, the Tabes or Con∣sumption was not forgot, for things both as to Diet and Medicine were provided. For Diet I ad∣vised to things light of Digestion, but forbad all Milk-meats, least they should be curdled by the Acids which were prescribed for the removal of other Symptoms. The gravy and juyces of meat, whether Beef, Mutton, Veal or Lamb, not much above half boiled or rosted, then cut and slash'd that the Juyce might drop forth, he took plentifully, with a drop or two of oyl of Sulphur in it: but Gellies I forbad, by reason of their Glutinous property. As to Medicine, the only thing he took, was Electuarium ad Tabidos, which you may see in my Doron Medicum, lib. 2. cap. 22. Sect. 1. A most admirable thing in this Case, and by which I have restored many Consump∣tive: but this thing was not administred till all the former things in their order, had in some measure taken place, which was almost at a months end: but whereas the sick had at first upon him a vehement sweating, and that this Medicine if given in a large dose, does also pro∣voke Sweat: I ordered the dose in a less propor∣tion, so as it might comfort and restore, but not provoke the Diaphoresis. By these means conti∣nued▪ the sick was in about twelve weeks time re∣stored to his perfect he••lth.

From my House at the Red Balls, in Salisbury-Court, Fleetstreet: where my Synopses Medici••ae are to be had.

London, Printed for T. Dawks & L. Curtiss: sold by T. Basset, J. Wright, & R. Chiswel. 1681.

The Chapter of the Megrim continued.

X. A Megrim which proved Mortal, from a Sphacelation of the Brain.

1. It happen'd in a youth of about 17 years of Age, sanguin, and of a robust and strong Body: it began at the latter end of July or beginning of August, and had continued about 15 dayes without any Interm ssion; but sometimes there was a kind of remission of the Vehemency of the pain, for some few hours.

2. He took little or no rest during all that time, and when upon any remission of the pain, he had any sleep, it was troublesom and terri∣ble, waking oft in much fear, terror and affright∣ment, so that there seemed to be sometimes an A∣lienation of the Mind.

3. It was contracted at first by being in the Sun long, in an extream hot day: the youth having also surfeited himself by too much Eat∣ing, and too plentifully drinking of Wine the day before: yet it began without a Feaver, and so continued to the seventh day, at which time the pain raging more than before, excited a violent continual burning Feaver, which we call Causos; for it was extream every third day.

4. Many things were done in order to his Cure, but without Success, for the Disease resisted all Medicines: he was plentifully let blood; had Medicines given him internally, and Topicks ap∣plyed outwardly; pickled Herrings applyed to the Soles of his Feet: at last, other things not pre∣vailing, his Physician gave him an Opiate; this did him no good, but made him absolutely rave.

5. His Case being desperate, it was moved by some of the Family, That I should be sent for. When I came, I view'd the Youth, but with amazement, saw him very dangerous, which at first put me to a stand what to do: I feared a Sphacelation of the brain, at least an Inflamati∣on thereof.

6. Now a Sphacelation of the Brain, is a Sup∣puration or Corruption of the substance of the Brain, springing first from an Inflamation of the same: by some it is called Gangreen, by others Mortification: it is treated of but by few Au∣thors: yet Hippocrates, lib. 3. de Morbis, has de∣scrib'd it.

7. The Cause of it is Inflamation of the part: now the Cause of the Inflamation is from Blood too much heated, whereby it becoms too fluxil, and sheds it self into the inner part of the Brain: the cause of the Blood being too much heated, may be from being too long in the heat of the Sun, or too Violent exercise; or by holding the Head too near the Fire: whether on the Hearth, or in the Oven, Furnace, &c. Or from a Con∣tusion of the Head, or from a Wound; or from Commotion of the Brain, by a Fall, Blow, &c:

8. An Apostem, Mortification, or Sphacelus of the Brain, is known by a great Head-Ach, run∣ning by the hinder part of the Head to the Neck and Back, with a decay of all the Senses, both ex∣ternal and internal: he tosses too and fro, can∣not abide in the same place, lays hold with his hands upon his Head, pulls his Hair, scratches his Face, as long as his strength will continue to do it: there is a most sharp and strong Feaver, which from third day to third day is exasperated, nor will the sick either eat or drink, by which the strength soon decays: all these signs were found in this our Patient. But had it proceeded from a Wound or Contusion, there would be a kind of sadness and numbness in the Body, with weakness of the Animal Spirits; and as the Di∣sease increases, the matter begins to putrify, a Feaver arises, from whence comes Head-ach and sluggishness: as the putrefaction encreaseth, all the Symptoms grow more vehement, the Feaver sharper; the sick rises from his sleep of a sudden, and roars out, presently lying down again, often putting his hand to his Head, there sometimes coming forth, from the Mouth and Nose (a little before Death) a filthy, green and stinking mat∣ter.

9. This Disease is for the most part Mortal, and as Hippocrates saith, Sect. 7 Aph. 51. in three days time. They (saith he) who have a mortified and putrified Brain, dye in three days, but if they live longer, they recover. But this is not to be understood of a compleat Sphacelus or

Mortification of the Brain, for that is incurable; but of that which is at hand by reason of great Inflammation thereof. See my Synopsis Medi∣cinae lib. 1. cap. 52. sect. 28. and lib. 2. cap. 39. sect. 28. where you may receive much satisfacti∣on. Now here is to be noted, That such as recover of this Disease, remember nothing past, no not their Disease, or any thing relating to it.

10. As to the Cure, Authors order a plentiful letting of Blood, and often, as 3 or 4 times the same day; therein placing the only hope of Re∣medy, because a great quantity of Blood posses∣ses the soft and moist substance of the Brain, and no other revulsion can be made so great as by Blood-letting, even to the drawing out of almost all the Blood in the Veins: and here the saying of Pru∣dent Celsus may be noted, That it is better to ex∣periment a doubtful Remedy, than to leave the Sick to apparent and certain danger; and that many things are rightly done in time of eminent danger, which otherwise ought to be omitted. Sharp Clysters may also be given every day, to bring the humors downwards; also Cupping-glasses may be applyed with deep Scarrification to the Shoulders and Back; Frictions and Liga∣tures to the extream parts, Vesicatories to the Neck and Arms: The Saphena in the Legs may be opened, then the Forehead Veins, after the Arteries in the Temples; next the Vein at the tip of the Nose, lastly, set Horse-Leeches behind the Ears. See my Synopsis Medicinae, lib. 3. cap. 29. sect. 28. The rest of the Cure you may find where we treat of a Frenzy. Lastly, if you find the Disease decline, you may gently resolve by applying Bread hot out of the Oven.

11. As to my Patient, I very much feared his Death, and that there was a real Sphacelati∣on of the Brain: His Parents urged me to do something; Blood-letting and other things for revulsion were done before sufficiently, so that they need not to be repeated: at the request of his Friends, I gave him, though unwillingly, a Dose of the Lunar Pills, and ordered Tincture of Luna, and Oyl of Sulphur to be given in all his Drink: but alas! early the next morning, the Youth had surrendred his Vital Breath: His Head was afterwards opened, and the Brain on the right side (which was the side on which the pain was) was perfectly Sphacelated or morti∣fied, which was the true Cause of his Death.

XI. A Megrim proceeding from a Cold taken.

1. A labouring Woman of about 36 years of Age, having taken a great cold, was extreamly perplexed with a violent pain in her head on the left side, so that at first it even distracted her.

2. It had been but of 3 weeks continuance, but very extream: my Counsel was desired therein: I gave her half a dram of Pilulae ex duobus (for she was of a strong body:) it wrought very well, and gave her 12 Stools. Three days following I Sweat her with 15 grains of Bezoar mineral mixed with half a Dram of Mithridate; giving her after it this, Take Aqua Vitae Matthi∣oli (that is Aqua Coelestis) one ounce, Syrupus Bizantinus compound, one ounce and half: Ca∣momil water three ounces, mix them. This made her Sweat for 10 or 12 hours powerfully; and upon the fourth day following, it was repeated again.

3. Outwardly, I caused her head to be bath∣ed 4 or 5 times a day with the Quintessence or Powers of Sassafras, and to snuff the same up her Nostrills, then her head to be bound up; so was she in 8 days time perfectly cured. All the Drink she took during this time was almost boyling hot, or as hot as she could endure it.

XII. A Megrim with the Cramp in many parts of the body.

1. The Sick in Winter time, had been 4 days troubled with this Megrim, which seemed to a∣rise from a cold taken, and a disaffection of the Stomach; for he had not only the Cramp seized him in his Arms, Thighs and Calfs of his Legs, which came from sitting down upon the Snow; but he had also Convulsions of the Stomach, and vi∣olent reachings to Vomit, which much excited the Pain of his head.

2. Inwardly, I prescribed this. Take Powers of Sassafras six ounces, Saffron 2 Drams: Coche∣nele in pouder one dram: Infuse three days: of this I ordered him to take half a spoonful at a time or somewhat more in a little Glass of Ca∣nary, and this to be done 3 or 4 times a day: This wonderfully comforted and healed his Sto∣mach;

it cheared his heart also; and mightily revived his Spirits; and by a specifick property gave ease, not only to the pain of the Head, but to all the Convulsive parts, in like manner; for in this Case, there is scarcely the like Medi∣cament in the whole republick of Medicine.

3. Outwardly, I caused the Head, Nostrils, and all places where the Cramp had seized, to be well bathed twice a day, viz. morning and night with the Powers of Amber; these mightily resolved and discuss'd the matter of the Cause, and also nouri∣shed and cherished the native heat which seemed to be hurt. But the Head I caused to be bathed with the said Powers three or four times a day, and so to be bound up. By the use of these re∣medies, the sick was freed from all his Grief in a∣bout ten days time.

XIII. A Megrim in a woman, which had late∣ly been delivered.

1. It was upon the right side of her Head, by reason of taking cold, from a Casement being left open, the Wind blowing upon her, as she lay in her Bed.

2. She had been delivered about sixteen days before, and was well cleansed, so that no fault could arise from thence: nor indeed was there any thing more or less, than the alteration of the Temperament of the part.

3. The pain was vehement upon her by fits, but the fit would sometimes last eight or ten hours upon her, and encreas'd so vehemently, as to cause an alienation of mind; but when the extremity was off from her, she was never ab∣solutely freed from it, but only a kind of remis∣sion.

4. It had now been upon her 8 daies: she sends for me, and desired my Assistance, relating to me what past, whereby I apparently saw, that the pain arose not from matter abounding, nor from blood over heated, but only from a simple intem∣perature of Cold, for the side where the pain was was always cold, and in the time of the fit extream cold, as if it was numbed.

5. From hence I concluded, That if I could but throughly warm the part, I should remove the pain: hereupon I caused the head to be well annointed with oyl of Sassafras, then hot bread out of the oven to be laid to, and to be repeated for 2 or 3 times, this did her good, and gave her ease: after the bread had been thrice applyed, I ordered her head to be anointed morning and night with Oyl of Sassafras, and so a flannel to be laid-over it, and to be bound up; as also to an∣noint the inside of her Nostrils, and this to be con∣tinued for so long time, till she felt her self who∣ly freed from her pain, which was in about 14 daies time.

6. However during all this while, that we might be sure to strengthen the Brain also, with the parts adjacent, I ordered her to take the Pow∣ers of Sassafras half a Spoonful at a time morning and night in a Glass of Canary, by all which means the Cure was perfected.

Observations out of other Authors.

XIV. An old Megrim cured by opening an Artery.

1. In the Hemicrania, when one half of the Head is pained from an hot cause, in that kind of pain which Gordonius calls Clavus or the Nail, which is a pain fixed in the Temples, the opening of an Artery does wonderfully help, which I have safely perform'd in many.

2. I bound down the Orifice with a single bol∣ster made of a double clout, and wet in cold wa∣ter, as in the ordinary opening of a Vein, which I bound with such a bandage as Gallen calls the Hare without Ears, and the blood never breaks forth afterwards.

3. Also I have seen a tedious Cephalea or old universal Head-ach cured in the Hospital by ap∣plying a potential Cautery unto the Temporal Artery. For the Eschar being come away, which was caused by the Potential Caustick, applyed upon the Veins and Arteries, no flux of Blood follows, because industrious nature, while she en∣deavours to separate the Eschar, does without breed new flesh, wherewith the mouths of the Vessels are closed up.

4. Now whereas it may be objected, That great bleedings in wounds which are stop'd by a∣ctual Cauteries, are oft times renewed when the Eschar falls away: I answer, That th••se Eschars are thinner, and so fall away sooner, and therefore

there is not in the mean space, so much time as may breed new flesh. But such Eschars as are made by Potential Cauteries, are more thick and solid and are long before they come away; so that there is time enough for new flesh to breed, and stop up the hole. River. Obs. 446.

XV. A Megrim with a Catarrh, the Coun∣cel of Fernelius.

1. As far as I can gather by your Letters, those Pituitous Swellings, which now for these many years have been upon your Face▪ and Cheeks, arise from a Distillation from the top of your Head, into the said parts: and because the Catarrh falls so frequently into the same place, it may be feared the place it self has some weak∣ness in it, which moves the Fluxion to it: but from thence no certainty can be learned, unless the seat and kind of the Disease be first perfectly understood.

2. Now that Megrim, touching which your last Letter desires advice, is a distinct and dif∣ferent Disease, which exacts a peculiar method of Cure. For the immediate Cause thereof is a Vapour, which arising from Choler flowing out of the Liver into the Stomach, does smite and twitch the Membranes of the Brain, yeelding matter peradventure to the distillation.

3. That same Distillation with which, by its so oft returning, you are so vehemently trou∣bled, must be removed with one Dram of Pilulae sine quibus (which are most proper, both for your Age and temperament) especially if for eight or ten days last past, you have taken no Medicine against the Catarrh: The next day after, baggs as hot as can be endured, must be applyed to the Crown of your Head, being first shaved, morning and evening before Supper; for that these may draw the matter out thence, from most parts, and resolve the same; and they must abide on for the space of half an hour, or there∣abouts, and be continued for certain days, till the fluxion be stopt.

4. Moreover an Astringent Plaster to stop the passages must be applyed to the Temples, to those parts through which the humors goe, and it must be renewed every other day, and not be disused till the fluxion cease.

5. If the Humor shall no longer run down by the Mouth and Cheek-bone; that the Gums and inner parts of the Mouth may not so easily receive the fluxil Humor, let them be washed three or four times a day, with an astringent Gargarism. Take Sage one handful: Mastich bruised, half a Dram: Harts-Horn, three drams: boyl them in Wine and Water, of each a sufficient quantity; then strain it out. With this wash your Mouth and Gums 3 or 4 times a day. And because all the matter of the Catarrh is not very soon dryed up, some part of the Garga∣rism must be injected by little and little through the Nostrils and Mouth, morning and evening before Supper, that thereby, the Cavity of the Brain may be purged.

6. Keep in the mean season a fit diet, live sparingly, eat meats of good juyce, and drink thin Wine, very well allayed with Water, partly because of the cold distemper of your Brain, and partly because of the hot Distemper of your Li∣ver; keep your self from immoderate drinking, eating Broths, and other moist meats, also from wind, cold, and rain: use moderate exercise in the morning before Dinner; at going to Bed, let your Arms, Back, Thighs and Leggs, be rubbed downwards: keep your Belly always so∣luble, either by Nature or by Artificial means, as suppositories or Clysters (which Clyster may be the ordinary Clyster;) lest your body abound with Excrements.

7. Often take this following Purge: Take Pilulae sine quibus, two Scruples: Pills of A∣grick, one Scruple: make them into a Mass with Syrup of Stoechas, and form seven Pills [of which you may give three over-night, and four the next morning.

8. The Bags (which are usual) mentioned at § 3 aforegoing. Take Anniseeds, Fennel-seeds, Bay-berries bruised, of each two Drams: Mil∣let half a pound: common Salt six drams: ap∣ply them all to the Crown of the Head. The Astringent Plaster, mentioned at § 4. above: Take Ʋnguentum desicativum Rubrum, half a Dram: Mastick poudred, one Dram, make them into a Plaster, and apply it to the Temple of the pained side.

From my House at the Red Balls, in Salisbury-Court, Fleetstreet: where my Synopsis Medicinae is to be had.

London. Printed for T. Dawks & L. Curtiss: sold by T. Basset, J. Wright, & R. Chiswel. 1681.

The Chapter of the Megrim continued.

XVI. An Inveterate Megrim cured by a Flux of Blood by the Bowels.

1. One Girardus was troubled with a most ve∣hement and inveterate Megrim, to whom many and various things were prescribed, both internal and external.

2. The Temporal Arteries were opened, and the Seton was applyed to the Nape of the Neck, which mitigated the pain but little.

3. At length, when nothing more seemed to be don, but all hopes were past, Nature put her self forth and expelled by stooll a large quantity of a dust and black coagulated blood: in one night about four pounds weight, by which his Megrim was very much abated.

4. Now his Forces being mightily weakned by the same, yet they were easily restored, by giving Cinnamon Water with Confectio Alkermes, and some other Cordials.

5. About three weeks after, he had another flux of blood again, and at the same time of the Night, wherein he cast forth by stool, about five pounds of Blood: lastly about two days after he ejected a pound and half more.

6. During the Intervals of these fluxes, it was Our business to conserve and restore the strength of the body, by a good Diet, and exhibition of Corroboratives, with proper Epithems, by which at length the pain ceased, and a little time after he recovered his Health.

7. This flux of blood may be thought to pro∣ceed from the Spleen, because that for many years before, he laboured under a hardness and Scirrhus of the Spleen; the blood also was black which sufficiently denoted it; and the Spleen al∣so has its first influx into the Ventricle, which doth appear, because always before the excreti∣on of this a dust and coagulated blood, for a whole day or longer, he complained of loathing, and a great weight at the bottom of his stomach, with the feeling of much pain. Hildanus, Cent. 2. Obs. 9.

XVII. Another Inveterate Megrim.

1. A Noble Matron was trouble•• with a long and sharp pain in the left side of her Head, which in a cold and moist time was most vexatious to her. Many and various Medicines were exhibi∣ted, both internal and external, by the Praescrip∣tion of Physicians, but all in vain.

2. At length I was called, and having diligent∣ly enquired into the Cause of the Disease, found that about 4 years and an half before, she had been afflicted with a most vehement pain of the Teeth, on the left side of the Jaw, which ceasing, this pain on the same side of the head was left re∣maining; from hence I concluded this pain to arise from the roots of corrupt and rotten Teeth; inspecting the Mouth, I found the roots of four rotten Teeth in the upper Jaw.

3. I perswaded her to have those rotten roots of Teeth drawn forth, which being willing to, she promised: but I prescribed to her a fit Diet; and purged her with this following Medicament. Take roots of Parsly, Fennel, and Pollipody of the Oak, of each half an ounce: Flowers and Leaves of Betony, Leaves of Agrimony, Veronica, Dod∣der, of each half a handful: Bugloss and Rose∣mary Flowers, Tops of Marjoram, of each a pu∣gil (or little handful:) Seeds of Annise and Fen∣nel, of each two Drams: Sena cleansed, half an ounce: boyl all in Water, to the Consumption of a third part: strain, and in four ounces of straining, macerate and infuse; choice Rubarb, two drams: Agarick newly Trochiscated, Cinnamon, Ginger, of each one dram: strain by pressing hard out, and dissolve therein Benedictae Laxativae, two drams: make a Potion.

4. The next day, Cupping-Glasses being ap∣plyed to her Shoulders and nape of her Neck, she was eased: Afterwards, I prescribed this following Apozem. Take roots of Succory, Fennel, Pars∣ly, Grass, Pollopody of the Oak, of each one ounce: Flowers and Leaves of Betony, Leaves of Veroni∣ca, Dodder, Scabious, of each one handful••: Flowers of Bugloss, Rosemary, Tops of Marjo∣ram, Time, of each two Pugils: Seeds of Annis, Fennel, of each half a dram: Liquorice scraped or rasped, raisons stoned, of each an ounce: boyl them in pure water, and strain out: in a pound

and half of the straining, infuse and digest Sena cleansed, two ounces: choice Rhubarb, half an ounce: Agarick newly Trochiscated, two drams: Cinnamon and Ginger, of each one dram: Infuse for a Night, and strain out by pressing strongly. To the Colature or straining, add Syrup of Ro∣ses solutive, compounded with Rhubarb, Agarick and Sena, three ounces: Syrup of Betony, two ounces: mix them, and make an Apozem for four Doses, to be taken in the morning fasting.

5. The Apozem being all taken, in the morn∣ing, while her stomach was empty, I drew forth her rotten teeth. The day following I gave her these Pills: Take Pilulae aureae, Cochiae, Agrega∣tivae, of each a Scruple: Diagredium, Troches Alhandal, of each four Grains: with Syrup of Betony make five Pills, which roul in pouder of Cinnamon.

6. At last, for some few days, twice a day, I adhibited this following Fomentation. Take flow∣ers and leaves of Betony, Flowers of Rosemary, of Camomil, of red Roses, of Staechas: tops of Marjoram and Wormwood, of each half a hand∣ful: Aniseed, Wood of Guajacum finely rasped, of each an ounce: cut and bruise them and put them into a bag, big enough to cover the whole part pained, boyl it in red Wine, and apply it hot. By the use of these things, through the Divine help, she was perfectly made well. Hildanus, Cent. 2. Obs. 10.

XVIII. Another Megrim cured by opening an Artery.

1. A Megrim caused from Blood too hot, thin and vapourous, and not to be overcome by any remedies, is cured by opening of the Temporal Arteries, whether it be within or without the Scull; for thereby there is a certain evacuation of the conjoyned matter, of blood and Spirits.

2. This I have often experienced, but speci∣ally in the Prince à Rupe Surionensi, to whom many great Physicians, as Chaplain, the Kings Physician, and Castellain, the Queens chief Physician, and Lewis Duret, who notwithstand∣ing could help him nothing, by Blood-letting, Cupping, Baths, Frictions, Diet, or any other kind of Remedy, whether inwardly taken, or outwardly applyed,

3. I being called, said, that there was only hope one way to recover his Health, which was to open the Artery of the Temple, on the same side that the pain was, for I thought it probable, that the Cause of his pain was not contained in the Veins, but in the Arteries; in which case, by the Testimony of the Ancients, there was nothing better, than the opening or bleeding of an Artery, whereof I have made tryal upon my self, to my great good.

4. When as the Physicians had approved of this my Advice, I presently betake my self to the Work, and chuse out the Artery in the pained Temple, which was both the more swoln, and beat more vehemently than the rest: I opened this, as we used to do in the bleeding of a Vein, with one incision, and took more than two Por∣ringers of Blood, flying out with great violence and leaping: the pain presently ceased, neither did it ever molest him again.

5. Yet this opening of an Artery is suspected by many, for that it is troublesome to stay the gushing forth of the Blood, and cicatrize the place, by reason of the density, hardness, and continual pulsation of the Artery: and lastly, for that when it is cicatrized, there may be danger of an Aneurisma.

6. Wherefore they think it better to divide the Skin than to separate the Artery from all the adjacent Particles, and then to bind it in two pla∣ces, and then to divide it, as we have formerly told you, must be done in varices.

7. But this is the Opinion of men, who fear all things where there is no cause; for I have learn∣ed by frequent Experience, that the apertion of an Artery; which is performed with a Lancet, as we do in opening a Vein, is not at all dangerous: and though the consolidation or healing thereof is somewhat slower than in a vein, yet will it be done at length, and so that no flux of Blood will happen, if so be that the Ligation be fitly per∣formed, and remain so for four days with fitting Pledgets, Paraeus, Lib. 17. Cap. 4.

XIX. A Megrim returning in the Winter time.

1. A certain person of middle Age, black Hair, and of melancholy complexion, Anno

1584. near Winter, was vexed with a pain in the right side of his Head, which seized him some∣times at two or three of the Clock in the Night, and sometimes at five or six in the morning, when he awaked from sleep, vexing him for three or four hours. Thus it continued by intervals, and returned for the space of five Weeks.

2. This pain after certain purgations were used (but no Blood-letting) was sensibly abated: but the following year, viz. 1585, towards Win∣ter it began to afflict him again on the same side, and continued upon him, till I cured it, as in the former year.

3. Anno 1586. about the beginning of No∣vember, this Megrim invaded the same side of his Head again, with much more vehemency, to∣gether with a pain of the Teeth of the same side. With these two pains together, he was miserably Afflicted, and although various Medicines were adhibited, the pain notwithstanding was not di∣minished but increased,

4. When Pills fitted for the Head were used by a Council of Physicians, the disease yet grew stronger, and returned with such Violence, as al∣most to make the sick mad; the pain chiefly be∣ing from the Crown of the Head, falling to the Temples, it was so great, that it even pained his Teeth, and although it was as it were immense, yet it was a dull and obscure pain.

5. For Diversion sake, his feet were wont to be wash'd: to his head many Anodyn things were applyed, and various Electuaries and powders were taken to strengthen it. When watchfullness troubled him, he took a somniferous potion; and for his weakness, things restoring: But notwith∣standing these things were continued, and altho' the pain did sometimes remit, he alwayes felt the said right side of his head to be cold; for which the Physicians proposed a dry bath to be used for 3 daies, that the side of the Head growing hot, it might extreamly sweat; he consenting, sweat with the same, and began to be better, his pain sensibly abating, till he was able to go abroad in publick.

6. But not long after his pain return'd again with much more violence, by which he found himself, as it were over come; and its seat was chiefly on the right side of the head, where the naked bones and void of flesh stick out, as in the seat of the Crown in the extention of the fore∣head bone, in the Yoak-bone, from the Cheek to the Ear, even to the lower Jaw, chiefly there where it sticks out near the neck, in which places he was mightily tormented, so that he could not without difficulty and much labor speak, nor was he able to hear others speak without pain; he was miserably tormented, and restless: which way soever he turn'd his head, he found no rest or ease; his whol body trembled, and often tears fell from his Eyes, so that it made the By-standers to weep.

7. At length my Counsel was desired, and coming to him, I ordered a Lixivium made af∣ter the ordinary way, by passing water through Ashes to be prepared: and therein Sage, Rose∣mary, Marjoram, Rue, Bawm, Cammomil-flow∣ers, Elder, Red-Roses, Bay-berries, and Anni∣seeds, to be boil'd, adding also thereto a glass of wine: and with this all the pained places to be fomented, by dipping a sponge therein, and a little expressing it with your hand, and then ap∣plying it as hot as he could well endure it: and with the sponge also to bath it from the upper parts downwards: which when it was done daily twice a day before eating, he found the Extremi∣ty of his pain to be mitigated.

8. But the Pain not being perfectly gon, but sometimes returning again, I perswaded him to apply Vigoes Emplaster spread upon Leather, to the whole place where the pain was, viz. from the Crown of the head (the hair being first shaved off) to the lower Jaw: the Emplaster being ap∣plyed, about two hours before Supper, he sate down at the Table, at which time such a noise was found to be made in his head as if much wa∣ter should fall out of one Vessel drop by drop in∣to another plac'd under it; and the noise was so great, that he did not only perceive it him∣self, but they also which were near him heard it. This noise in his head continued for two nights and one day: One night when he slept, he was much comforted, but with the great noise he was awaked out of his sleep, mightily afrighted, cry'd out aloud, and thought the house to be falling, cast himself upon the floor, and hid himself un∣der the Bed. This noise presently ceasing, he had a pain extending from the Jaw-bone under

the Eye to the Ear, as if worms had been gnaw∣ing the place, which pain continuing for some daies and nights.

9. For this cause sake he began again to use the former Fomentation, the plaster being taken away, which where it cleaved to the skin, was al∣ways wet, as if it had been sprinkled with drops of water: and again, after the said Fomentati∣on was adhibited, he used it day and night, till the pain remitting, from day to day, it was at last perfectly taken away, and the Sick was restored to his prestine Health, which for a long time he perfectly enjoyed, except some small Symptoms which he felt, upon any approaching cold, or when his head was too much troubled with Studies and Cares. Plateri. Obs. lib. 2.

XX. A Megrim with Pain of the Eys, and Inflammation of the Eye-lids.

1. One as it was thought from drinking Wine too plentifully, was seized with a vehement pain on the right side of the head, which pain raged about Noon-time, but was a little mittigated near Night; and sometimes it would wholly re∣mit.

2. There was also an intense pain of the right Eye; the whole white of the Eye was red, the Veins turgid or swelled, (as if it had been co∣vered with a red fleshy Pellicule or Skin,) as al∣so both Eye lids both within and without; the Pupilla was obfuscated or clouded so, That al∣though he could see the Light, yet he was not able to discern things: This Distemper had now troubled him for seven weeks.

3. Being called to him the 9 day of September Anno 1597. I exhibited one Dram of my Purge prepared with Quinces, which gave him two Stools. I applyed a Cautery to the Nape of his Neck; but when because of his Age it did no∣thing; at Night I adhibited a Vesicatory made of bruised Flammula or Spearwort, (a kind of Ranunculus or Crow-foot,) Blisters arose by the next morning, which being opened, a yellowish Serum came forth; after which I applyed upon them Colewort leaves smeared with fresh Butter, and these often to be reiterated.

4. To the Eyes I applyed a Collyrium of Pom∣granate Peels, in this manner, you may drop one or two drops of it into the greater corner of the eye, the head a little inclining, after which the Eye-lid being closed, you may apply a Sponge to the same, dipt in the said Collyrium mixt with the Mucilage of Faenugreek seed, being warm, and a little expressed with your hand, which renew two or three times a day. [The Col∣lyrium you may make by boyling the bruised Peels in Wine, then straining, and mixing it with a suf∣ficient quantity of Water, adding to every quart two Scruples of Salt of Vitriol.]

5. To his right Temple apply Emplastrum ad Herniam, or the Plaster against Ruptures: The following day he was again purged with my Ele∣ctuarium Diapomorum. Going away from him, I ordered him to go on, and after five days, that the Hypochyma or Cataract might be discust, to apply Veal, or the Lungs of a Sheep to the part; and from a Pigeons feather newly pulled off, to instill the Drops of Blood at the end thereof into the eye.

6. An Electuary to strengthen the Brain. Take preserved Acorus, Conserves of Marjo∣ram, Rosemary-Flowers, Lavender, Roses and Flowers of Sage, of each equal parts, mix them. After some days, whilst the redness is not yet perfectly taken away, this Collyrium is to be used. Take white Troches of Rhasis, two Drams, Rose-water, eight ounces: Strawberry water distilled with Goats milk and Camphir, one ounce: Fennel water, half an ounce, mix them.

7. The Cautery which the Chyrurgian made in the Nape of his Neck for the repairing of the Sight and stopping of the Fluxion, I caused to be healed up, which had been long kept open, and that with good success. His Eye was freed from the Tumor and redness; but he complain∣ed of the cloudiness of his Sight, caused by the white spot upon the Pupilla; and although he could discern some Light, he was not in the least able to distinguish things: I ordered him this; Take Ox-Galls, Turpentine, Honey, Sulphur, Wine, of each a like quantity, mix and Distill therefrom a water, which drop into the eyes. Plateri. Observ. lib. 2.

From my House at the Red Balls, in Salisbury-Court, Fleetstreet: where my Synopsis Medici••ae is to be had.

London, Printed for T. Dawks and L. Curtiss: Sold by T. Basset, J. Wright and R. Chiswel, 1681.

The Chapter of the Megrim continued.

XXI. A Megrim Cured, by opening an Ar∣tery in the Temples, that by all other means was incurable.

1. Concerning the happy success of my Coun∣sel in opening of Arteries, I need not now write, let us come to the thing.

2. The sick labouring of an outragious Me∣grim, I counselled to open an Artery of the Temples, on the side affected; it was done, and immediately he became well, and to this time, being many years since, the pain has not return∣ed. Scenkij de doloris Capitis curatione, Obs. 4.

XXII. A Megrim Cured by washing in cold Water.

1. A certain man, who for more than forty years had been troubled with the Megrim, ha∣ving used many Remedies in vain, by the Coun∣cel of a Physician, often washed his Forehead with cold water, by which he became perfectly well; but the matter being derived into the Oesophagus and there thickning, hindred his swallowing.

2. For the Brain being cold and a principal Member, we are to be cautious of very cold things, nor to use them but with the greatest judgment. And Topicks which repel, ought to be applyed warm, where the matter is more cold and crude: but cold where the matter is hot and cholerick. Hollerij de Morbis internis Scho∣līograh. ad cap. 1. lib. 1.

XXIII. A Megrim arising from Gluttony.

1. A young man-26 years old, in August 1548 was taken with a strong Megrim, he lived in idleness, gave himself over to the pleasures of the Pallat; filled himself with various sorts of drink, and delighted himself continually in Feast∣ing, thereby became obnoctious to a heaviness of his Head.

2. He first made use of an Empirical Physician, but receiving not his desired Health, he at length called me. To whom his Belly being hard bound, I would have caused a Clyster to be given him, which he refusing, I ordered a sharp sup∣pository, by which his Belly was made soluble.

3. Then I prescribed the following Decocti∣on, to incide or cut the contumacious matter. Take Betony, Marjoram, Staechas-flowers, Rose∣mary-flowers, of each alike, make a Decoction with Water or Wine, which sweeten with Oxymel.

4. The Decoction being taken, we exhibited these Pills. Take Pilulae Aureae, Pilulae Cochiae, of each half a Dram: Diagredium, three Grains (for he was of a strong Body) make five Pills, with Betony water, to be taken after midnight, by all which means the Belly was made Soluble.

5. Soon after, one or two days being between, when he was strengthned, Cupping-Glasses were applied to the Shoulders with Scarification, which drew much Blood: Then he took the fol∣lowing Decoction twice a day. Take green or fresh Betony▪ Vervain, Bay or Violet leaves, of each a handful: flowers of both sorts of Staechas, and of Camomil, of each half a handful: best Sena, one ounce: Guajacum and its Bark rasped, an ounce and half: Damask Pruns, N^o. xv. Raisons stoned, one ounce: Ani-seed and Fennel seed, of each a dram: boyl all in a sufficient quantity of Water, according to Art: with one pound of which, mix syrup of Staechas, four ounces. By the taking of this, much pituitous matter with a little cholerick and melancholy Excrements were avoided three or four times a day, by which he had some ease.

6. The place affected was anointed with this following Liniment. Take Oyntment of Alaba∣ster, one ounce: Oyl of Camomil, half an ounce: mix them. This he used with Masticatories also, thus prepared: Take Pellitory of Spain, two scruples and a half: Mastick, Cubebs, of each a scruple and a half: make them into a pouder, and form two Masticatories, by tying them up round with a thred in fine Linen cloth, which every morning one after another, let be chewed in the mouth: so will much pituitous matter be brought away. The Decoction being for a while used, and the Unction aforesaid continued, he became cured of this his vehement pain. Foresti. Lib. 9. Observ. 58.

XXIV. A Megrim proceeding from a cold Humor.

1. A Costard Monger was vehemently afflict∣ed on the left side of his Head, with a contuma∣cious Megrim. The chief hope of his Cure, was in the concoction of the Humor, and in proper purging.

2. For this purpose, I first prescribed this A∣pozem. Take roots of Asparagus, Fennel, Par∣sly, Peony, of each half a dram: Hysop, Betony, Bay-leaves, Sage, Marjoram, Calamint, of each one handful: Rosemary Flowers, Staechas, of each one pugil: Peony seed, two Drams: Raisons stoned, one ounce: make a Decoction in Rain-water: to one pint of the straining, add Oxymel simple, Syrups of Staechas, and of Calaminth, of each one Ounce: mix and make an Apozem for four doses.

3. This being taken, Take of the aforesaid Decoction, four Ounces: in which Dissolve Di∣aphoenican, half an ounce: Electuarium Indum, one dram and half: syrup of Staechas, Oxymel Scyllitick, of each half an ounce: mix them. This he took in the morning.

4. This don, I ordered him to repeat the for∣mer Decoction, which being drank, I prescribed these Pills to be taken after Midnight. Take Pilulae Cochiae, Aggregativae, de Agarico, of each one scruple: Troches Alhandal, three grains: make seven Pills: from which he had seven or more Stools.

5. At last he had the Decoction of Guajacum, adding capital Herbs: I ordered the part affect∣ed to be anointed with Oyls of Rue and Bays, mixt with the Alabaster Oyntment. All these things being accordingly used, the sick became well. Foresti. Lib. 9 Obs. 59.

XXV. A Megrim from a hot Cause, with an Ophthalmia.

1. Jacob Purmeran laboured under a Me∣grim, a hot and sharp Catarrh descending, with an Ophthalmia, and great pain of his Eyes: things which were very cold were applyed by a Woman Emperick (before universals) both to the Head and Eyes, whereby the Man almost 70 years old, was made blind, the pain continually growing greater and greater, so that at length, upon the 17. day of May, I was called to him.

2. His Belly was somewhat bound, therefore I prescribed the following Bolus. Take Cassia new drawn, six drams: Cassia with Sena, two drams: Diacatholicon, a dram and half: Fennel-seeds in pouder, ten grains: make a Bolus, which sprinkle with white Sugar Candy: this made him go well to stool.

3. The following day, in the place of Letting Blood, by reason of the mans great Age, I would have applyed Cupping Glasses with Scarrification; but he refusing, I ordered him to Drink twice a day of this following Decoction. Take of the Rinds of Succory roots, of Fennel, Liquorice scraped, of each half an ounce; green Fumitory, two handfulls; Fennel, tops of Hops; Endive, Suc∣cory, Borrage, Bugloss, Sorrel, of each a handful; Betony, half a handful; Fennel seed, three drams; the four greater cold Seeds, of each half a dram; Damask Prunes, fifteen; Tamarinds, half an ounce; Raisons stoned, one ounce; Jujubes, Sebe∣stens, of each five; make of all a Decoction in Whey: Strain it, and to a pound and half there∣of, add Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb, Syrups of Endive and Fumitory, Oxysaccharum simplex, of each half an ounce: Aromatize it with Spe∣cies Diarrhodon abbatis first cleansed, adding Su∣gar to fit the Taste.

4. The Decoction being taken, I would wil∣lingly have given him Pills, but the Old-man be∣ing very Morose, did of his own head, utterly refuse the same. Into his Eye I instilled the Collyrium▪ made of the white Troches of Rhasis, dissolved in Rose-water; afterwards I used Wo∣mans milk mixt with Fennel water. And the part affected of the head, I anointed with Ʋn∣guentum Populeon; afterwards I added a very little of the Alabaster Oyntment, with which the Pain was somewhat abated, after which I was no longer retained in the cure.

5. But a few days being past, the Megrim re∣turned, as also the pain of the Eye became vehe∣ment; presently he sends for his Woman Empe∣ricks, by whom his Grief was encreased, though from them he expected his Health; whereupon he causes me to come to him again, together with Alardus the Younger, a Physician lately come out of Italy: he called us upon the ninth day of June.

6. For the Megrim, which now was without

Inflamation, we used the Alabaster Oyntment, a∣nointing the part of the Head afflicted: then we applyed Cupping-Glasses with scarification, (which he now consented to) by which the pain was something eased.

7. In the mean season, by reason of the length of the Disease, and the accession of much Flegm in old age, we ordered him to take this Decocti∣on. Take Betony, Endive, Succory, Fennel, of each one handful: Sage, half a handful: Flow∣ers of Staechas of both kinds, Roses, of each one pugil: Fennel seed a dram and half: boyl all in Betony and Fennel Waters: To eight ounces of the straining add syrups of Betony and of Staechas, of each an Ounce and half: mix, well for two Doses. Then (being become willing to take Pills) we ordered him these to be swallowed after midnight. Take Pilulae aureae, Cochiae, of each one Scruple, with Fennel Water, make five Pills, which though slowly, gave him three stools. But the Bowels were before irritated or moved with this suppository. Take pouder of Hiera Pi∣cra, a Scruple: Diagredium, Coloquintida in fine pouder, of each three grains: Honey one ounce: with a little Salt make a Suppository. [But how I know not, unless it be put up the Fundament, by help of a Pipe.]

8. After these things, we caused him to use Masticatories (but Errhins and Sternuta∣tories we used not, because of his Eyes.) Take Mastick, a dram: Cubebs a scruple▪ Black Pepper, half a scruple: roots of Pellitory of Spain, and Bark of Caper-roots, of each two scruples: pouder them finely, and tye them up in Linnen with a thread, making three several Ma∣sticatories; which morning after morning fast∣ing chew for a quarter of an hour; so will much flegm flow by the Mouth.

9. In the mean while, immediately after purg∣ing, and the application of the Cups, drop this following Collyrium into the Eye. Take Rose water distilled in Balneo maris, two ounces: Wo∣mans milk, one ounce: mix them. Take A∣loes Epatica, a Scruple: Gum Arabick, Traga∣canth, Sarcocol, of each half a scruple: Tutia prepared, Quince-seeds, Sumach, a little pulve∣rized, of each half a Scruple: these being bruised and tyed up in a linnen Rag, hang in the afore∣said Water and Milk; which press letting the pressed-out Liquor distil into the Eye three or four times a day: by these means he was at length restored to his Health. Foresti. Lib. 9. Obs. 60.

XXVI: A Megrim which came once a Month.

1. A Woman aged 40 years, was once a month (but sometimes twice or thrice,) much troubled with a pain on the right side of her head, which commonly ended with a Vomiting, and in her Fit she could neither walk nor stand.

2. This Vomit was first exhibited. Take the Vomiting Infusion, one ounce; this wrought six times: the next day she took these Pills. Take Pills of Amber, two drams; Fernelius his Cepha∣lick Pills▪ one dram; make fifteen Pills: She took thre•• of them before Supper, every day till they were spent.

3. After them she took this Decoction. Take Sarsaparilla 4 ounces: water five quarts: Infuse 24 hours, then slice, after boyl to the Consump∣tion of the half, and strain it out: Dose a good draught morning and night when she went to Bed.

4. For ordinary Drink, she took the second Decoction of the same made in seven quarts or more of Water, boyling it without Infusion, till a third part be wasted. Cooks Observ. Cent. 1. Obs. 23.

XXVII. A periodick pain in the hinder part of the Head.

1. My Counsel was desired by an honest Ma∣tron, who was troubled with a tedious and Perio∣dical pain of the Head, which in every eight days vehemently molested her: It lay in the hinder part of the Head, from the place where the Head is joyned to the Neck, reaching to the Crown, and it was as if it had been a boring: it extend∣ed it self also to the Temples, but chiefly on the left side; and to the left ear, being accompanied with a loathing and griping at stomach.

2. These Symptoms are to be reduced to their Causes; first, whether the Head is affected from it self, or by consent of some other parts. In a tedious and long continuing Disease, which affects by it self; there it chiefly arises, from a thick,

cold pituitous Humor. But by consent, in a loathing and pained Stomach, where some sharp humor is gathered together, from thence vapors are raised, which ascend into the Head, and there breeding a pituitous matter, hurt the Ner∣vous parts. Sometimes also, vapours are trans∣mitted to the Head from the Womb, and these chiefly molest the hinder part of the Head.

3. The Causes of the Periodick return, are either a Collection of matter, or some external Cause which stirs and moves the matter, as bath∣ing, covering of the head, tedious exercise in reading, speaking, &c. abstinence from Food, ir∣regular Diet. But whatever the Cause may be, as in all Chronick and long lasting Diseases, so chiefly in this; a good and regular Diet ought to be kept, from which may proceed the least Flegmatick matter, or other sharp and corrupt humors.

4. Then to hinder the Collection of the mat∣ter, these following Pills are to be taken every day. Take Aloes rosatae, a dram and half: the Species of the Electuary de geminis, half a dram, and with Syrup of Roses Solutive, make Pills, in number 42. Let 7 of them be taken about half an hour before Supper: And twice a month let her take a dram at a time of Pilulae de Succino, after her first Sleep. Take Pouder of Amber, Mastich, of each two drams: Aloes, five drams; Agarick a dram and half; true round Birth∣wort roots, half a dram; with Syrup of the juyce of Betony make a mass of Pills: in the use of which, let her persist twice a month, as afore∣said.

5. But the Disease being Chronick, we must consider, That the Cure will be long; and tha it must be taken away by little and little; which you will perceive by the use of the former Pills.

6. And according to the Judgment of your Physician then present, you may loose some Blood; and the whole Body may be well purged: Then for 15 days the Decoction of Guajacum with Sarsa may be drank, with a good course of Diet. Take Lignum Guajacum, a pound: Sarsa three ounces: Fountain water, six quarts; boyl them to the Consumption of the half.

7. The Head also by it self ought to be purged and strengthned: first with this Apophlegma∣tism, thus made: Take Origanum, Marjoram, Rosemary, red Roses, of each a Pugil: Ginger two Drams: Pellitory of Spain, three Drams: boyl all in a sufficient quantity of pure Water: strain, and to one pound thereof, add Vinegar of Roses, two Ounces, which mix. Let this be u∣sed as a Gargarism in the Morning. But the Decoction of Guajacum boyled with Marjoram, draws much by the Nose.

8. Let the Feet be washed with a Decoction of Betony, early in the morning, at which time also Frictions may be used to the Arms, Shoulders, and Back, when the pain urges, apply Radishes cut small, to the hinder part of the Head: let the Head also be sometimes washed a little before Supper, not after exposing it to the Air; the Wash may be made of Rasped Guajacum boyled in Lye. That these things may be happily ac∣complished, I pray the Almighty God. April 6. Anno 1580. Conciliûm Medicinalium Crato∣nis 321.

From my House at the Red Balls, in Salisbury-Court, Fleetstreet: where my Synopsis Medicinae is to be had▪

London, Printed for T, Dawks and L, Curtiss: Sold by T. Basset, J. Wright and R. Chiswel. 1681.

SCHOLIA.

By W. Salmon, the Author of this Work.

XXVIII. Of the principal Kinds of Di∣seases.

1. In regard that we shall Write a new The∣ory of Physick; it is to be understood, that we shall not altogether follow the Conceptions of other Men, any further than we Judg them to be followers of Nature, Right-Reason, and Truth: Therefore we hope all the Lovers of Art will hold us Excused, if they find some things in these Discourses not agreable with their Appre∣hensions; for since I Tread not in a beaten Tract, it may be supposed that many new things may be met withal; which some out of a Ca∣pricious Humour of Carping against all that is not of their own Complexion; may Condemn, and it may be, not for want of the Knowlege of a Reason of the things herein contained, but only out of Spite or Envy to the Author, which they may Broach under the pretence of Novelty: But leaving those to their own Masters, or to Hugg and Embrace their old Sentiments, for the most part more Venerable for their Antiquity than for any Demonstration of Truth: We shall now come to a particular Explication of our In∣tentions.

2. In order to unfold this our Theory; these general things following are principally to be un∣derstood; 1. The Nature, or Kinds of Diseases in general, which we make to be three-fold, viz. Diseases of Intemperature, Diseases of Reple∣tion, and Diseases of Ablation.

3. Diseases of Intemperature are the most simple of those which befall Humane Kind, which, what they are in special, shall in the Pro∣gress of this Work be declared: However in general, those are called Diseases of Intempera∣ture, wherein heat, cold, dryness, and moisture, are either defective, or abundant, under or above the equal or natural Disposition of those Quali∣ties.

4. Diseases of Repletion are such, wherein various kinds of preternatural Humours, and other Matters either thin and solid, abound above the equality or design of Nature; as Water in a Dropsy, Rhume in a Catarrh, Chalk or Nodes in the Gout, the Stone or Gravel in a Nephritis, Pus in an Apostume, with many others of like kind, which in their places shall be Demon∣strated.

5. Diseases of Ablation are such, wherein there is a deficiency of the Natural Juyces, Hu∣mours, or parts of the Body; as of the Humi∣dum Radicale in a Tabies, of the Chylus Juyce in a Atrophia, of the substance of the Lungs in an Ulcer thereof, &c.

6. These are all the principal kinds of Disea∣ses, from the Nature of which, the general In∣dications of Cure are taken: For in the first, It is necessary that we remove the Intemperature, which is all that is to be done, and that is done by the Exhibition of Alteratives, as is seen in a sim∣ple Feaver without Putrefaction: In the second Case, That the preternatural Matter super-abounding, be taken away, and this is done som∣times with Catharticks, somtimes with Emeticks, somtimes with Diureticks, Sudorificks, Salivatiks, Errhins, Sternutatories, and sometimes by Vesi∣catories, Issues, application of the Seton, &c. In the third Case, that there be made a Reparation so far as is possible of the Natural matter which is Defective: This is done by the exhibition of great Openers, Attenuaters, Inciders, Analep∣ticks, or Restoratives, &c.

7. In order to the performance of these things, there is a necessity of the Knowledge of the Di∣sease, of the Cause, or Causes, and of the hope of Cure; which we shall consider in the Patho∣logy of each Disease in particular. Next of the Therapia, or particular method of Curing, which

in each particular place also, shall be at large declared.

8. But before we attempt this, we are to con∣sider that both Bodies of Mankind, as also Me∣dicaments are for the most part hot or cold, viz. hot and moist, or hot and dry, which Phy∣sicians call a sulphurious saline Habit; or cold and moist, or cold and dry, which they call a sa∣line sulphurious Habit, according to which Ha∣bits proper Medicaments are to be destinated.

9 However the principles of Physick as they relate to Mans Body, or to Medicaments are necessary to be known, or at least wise in what Sense Naturalists and Chymists apprehend them: In Man, there is a Body, a Spirit, and a Soul; these united make the compleat Man: these in their Natural State free from disorders, pertur∣bations, or irregularities, renders him in perfect Health: If they never so little vary from their Natural State, it is in order to Diseases, and a final dissolution of the Compositum.

10. But whereas we speak here of Body, Spi∣rit and Soul, we intend a Body Spiritual, although we call it Natural: But we understand it Spiri∣tual, only in opposition to the primary external appearance, or outward form: as for example, in a vegetable, suppose Rosemary in its primary external form, the Body consists of Stalks, Leaves, and Flowers; but when by the ART of the Chymist an Extraction is made; you have a pure, subtle, and volatile Oyl, wherein its Ener∣gy, Virtue and Power, answers to the Life and Soul of Man, its Volatility, Flame and Oleosity to the Spirit, and its material Substance to the Body: viz. that Body which we call Na∣tural in opposition to a thing truly Spiritual; although it is indeed a Spiritual Body in its kind in respect to its first Earthy or natural form, or appearance: this Conjunction of Principles in Ma••, is that which Philosophers call the Archaeus, the Archaeus of Nature, or the Archaeus in Man.

11. Now as to the Principles of Medi∣caments: Here Philosophers much vary, some, as Doctor Willis, make five Principles, viz. Salt, Sulphur, Mercury, Water, and Earth, but these five we have proved in our Pharmaco∣paeia Londinensis, lib. 6. cap. 1. to be only three; viz. Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury, excluding his Flegm, and Caput Mortuum: Others, as Para∣celsus, Crollius, make but three, as indeed they are, and these three we make but one; as the Body, Spirit, and Soul in Man, make but one Archaeus, so the Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury of all mixt Bodies make but one only true Principle, which for distinction sake, we in like manner call Potestates or the Powers.

12. In proof whereof, we say this, That we de∣ny not, but that as to the outward appearance, a Chymist may Extract a Salt in form of Salt, a Sulphur in form of Oyl, and a Mercury in form of Spirit, to which he may give the Names afore∣said, but these Names rather respect their form of appearances, than the true Nature: For he must necessarily grant me, that in all Salts, as there is a Body, so there is an Oleaginous Pro∣perty, which is Sulphur, and an Energetick Vir∣tue, which is the Mercury, or Spirit; unless they will deny any Virtue, or Power, in the said Salt at all. So likewise in the Sulphur, or Oyl; who so Blind as cannot see, or feel a Body there, which Body by their own Concessions, Answers to their first Principle of Salt, its oleaginous and flamy property, argues their second Principle or Sulphur; and its subtilty, volatility, and pene∣trating quality, argues the third Principle, which is Mercury, or Spirit. Again, in the Mercury or Spirit, there is no less a Body seen than in the Salt and Oyl, which Body demonstrates their first Principle, as aforesaid; viz. Salt. Its In∣flamility, demonstrates their Sulphur, or second Principle; and its Energetick, or penetrative Power and Force makes manifest their third Principle, which is Mercury or Spirit.

13. Hence it appears, That the Principles of all things are really but one; though subsisting under three several forms and Subsistences: For Salt is only the Body, Spirit and Soul Concen∣trated; the Sulphur, is the Salt, Spirit and Oyl embodied in a more subtle appearance, and the Mercury is the Salt, Oyl, and Spirit expanded, or dilated, as may be said to an Infinity.

14. So that it is manifest, that those three are but one, though some may object, that they are three different Principles, from the Nature of their Operation; mistaking the way and manner, how they exert their Powers and Forces, which is

not from the different Nature of the things or Principles so called; but from their manifesta∣tion or manner of subsistance and appearance: this is apparent in an Iron Tool, if it be sharp with a Point, it only Pricks; if it has a sharp Edge, then it Cuts; but if it has neither Point nor Edge, it only Bruises; and yet notwithstanding the substance is but one, though the forms or appearances be many, from whence follows their particular way or manner of action.

15. Thus much as to Principles, which is what we understand of them, and how we would have the Physician understand us, through all this following Work, viz. What we mean by the Archaeus, and what we mean by Potestates, or Powers, through which, the Energy of Medica∣ments are conveyed, in order to the Healing of the Diseases incident to Mankind.

16. The Pathology of Diseases, we shall ex∣plicate under a six-fold Consideration, viz. The Name, Definition, Kinds, Signs, Causes, and Prognosticks of the same; afterwards the The∣rapia, shewing the various Ways and Methods of Cure: first, general, according to the three-fold acceptation of Diseases: secondly, particularly, in respect of the various Causes producing.

17. This as the Preamble to what we intend: We shall now come to shew the Order, in which every Disease shall be handled: First, Diseases of the Head: Secondly, Diseases of the Thorax, or Breast: Thirdly, Diseases of the Abdomen, or Belly: Fourthly, Feavers: Fifthly, Diseases of the extream parts, viz. Tumours, Wounds, Ulcers, Fractures and Dislocations.

18. Diseases of the Head; are either: first, In the Menings: secondly, In the substance of Brain: thirdly, In the Cavities of the Brain: fourthly, in the Cutaneous Teguments of the Head: fifthly, In the Parts of the Head, as Eyes, Ears, Nose, Mouth, Palate, &c.

19. Diseases in the Menings of the Brain are chiefly the Chephalalgia, the Cephalaea, or old Head-ach, the Megrim, or half Head-ach; Diseases in the Cavities of the Brain are chiefly, a Vertigo, Catarrh, Epilepsia, Apoplexia, Palsy, Convulsion, Trembling, Incubus, &c. Diseases in the Substance of the Brain are the Phrensy, Melancholy, Madness, loss or hurt of Memory, sleepy Diseases, &c. Diseases in the Skin or Covering of the Head, are the Alopecia, Ophiasis, Baldness, Lousi∣ness, Scald-head, Wounds of the Skull, &c.

XXIX. Of the Head-ach, its Name, Defini∣tion, and Kinds.

1. The Name, in Greek, is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in Latin, Capitis Dolor, and in English, the Headach.

2. The Definition. It is a sensation of pain afflicting the Head, either Internal or External, scituate between the first Vertebra of the Neck, and the Roots of Eyes; and laterally, be∣tween the Bones of the Temples on either side.

3. The Kinds. The Head-ach is three-fold; first, when it is neither Vehement nor Invete∣rate or old, arising suddenly from some present Cause: secondly, when it is Inveterate or old, be∣ing of many years continuance, coming and re∣turning at certain Periods of time without any apparent praevious Cause; thirdly, When it a∣fflicts the one half of the Head, either right or left, of all which we shall speak in order.

XXX. The Pathalogy of the first sort of Head-ach before named; and first of the Cause thereof.

1. It is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and in Latin by Barbarous Writers Soda, (which is indeed an Arabick Word) and by us in English simply the Head-ach. It is sufficiently known by the pains excited through the whole Head, the general Causes are two-fold, the first is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 which is the primitive, or first but remote Cause; the other 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 which is the internal Cause: and is indeed for the most part the effect of the first Cause.

2. The Procatartick or external Cause, is either from Blows, Sun, Air, Wind, or from some violent Motion; as, Falls, and great Exercises, or vehement Intemperature of heat or cold, dryness or moisture. The Proegumenine, or internal Causes, are from a simple Intempe∣rature of the part, being too cold, hot, moist, or dry, or from some peternatural matter Super a∣bounding, arising for the most part from some sulphurious Vapour, or flatulent Spirit, either,

simply in the part, or by consent from the Sto∣mach, or other parts.

3. If the Cause be from a simple Intem∣perature of heat, whether External; or Inter∣nal; the first is known by the Relation of the Sick; as, whether he has been in the heat of the Sun, or Fire, or has been using any Violent Motion or Exercise, whereby the part may be Inflam'd; the second, or Internal Cause is known, first by the sulphurious and hot habit of Body, and the super-abundant heat of the part, which may be known by touching: More∣over, if hot things be applied to it, the Sick is Inraged, but if cold things, the Sick is Refresh'd, and the pain is Eased.

4. If it be from a simple Intemperature of cold, the Procatartick or External Cause may be known by the Relation of the Sick; as, whe∣ther he has taken cold, or has been laid in a cold place, &c. the Proximate or near Cause, is known, first, from a cold habit of Body; se∣condly, from the frigidity of the part, by touch∣ing of it, the Face also is of a pale or wan Co∣lour; lastly, The Sick is Refreshed by hot things, but the pain is excited or enraged, by the ap∣plication of cold things.

5. Now in both the foregoing Cases of heat and cold, they are both of them joyned either with dryness or moisture, if they be joyned with dryness, it is known by the dry habit of the Body, by the dryness and hardness of the part, rough∣ness of the Skin, and want of Excrements, from the Head, either by the Nostrils or Palate: but if moisture be the Concomitant of the aforesaid Qualities, it is known by the humid habit of the Body, laxity, softness and delicate colour of the Skin; as also, by a great many Excre∣ments flowing from the Head by the Nostrils or Palate, and the aptness of the Sick to have a Catarrh.

6. If it arises from a flux of matter from the Brain; it is known, first, by the evil Diet and course of Life going before in the Sick, in whom by reason of Idleness, too plentifull Eat∣ing and Drinking, and giving himself over to a Sensual and Debauched course of Life many evil Humours are generated, which afflict the Head either by consent from the Stomach, or by corrupting of the Blood, whereby the Brain is filled with many Excrements, which sensibly hurt the internal Menings.

7. If it be by consent from the Stomach, it is known by a preceeding weakness and illness of the Stomach, aptness to Vomit, want of Appetite, and an ill Digestion, by means of which the Ventricle being filled with Wind, sends Vapours up into the Brain, which a∣bounding in the Cavities, stretches the Menings, by which there is a Sensation of pain.

8. Sometimes the Procatartick Cause is from Drunkenness, with too much filling the Ven∣tricle and weakning of it; a flatulent Spirit is ge∣nerated which in the form of Vapours ascending up into the Head, afflicts the Tunicles, aforesaid; as also by an intimate mixtion with the Chyle, an evil Blood is made, containing many Excre∣ments, which being upon the least occasion fer∣mented, causes Vapours to arise, and so hurts the Tunicles aforesaid.

9. If it be from a Feaver, or the French Pox, it is known by those Diseases going before, whose Causes is the same with the Cause of the said Diseases, and the Removal of which must be only by the Extirpating of the Disease Cau∣sing.

10. If it be from a hurt in the Skull; as a Contusion, Wound, or Fracture, the Procatar∣tick Cause is evident to the Senses, the Proximate or near Cause is the Solution of con∣tinuity or unity; in a Contusion there is a livid Colour of the Skin, together with the swel∣ling of the part and pain; in a Wound there is a Solution of continuity, with a Rupture of the Vessels; in a Fracture, the Symptoms are ac∣cording to the magnitude thereof: where the Skull is depressed upon the Menings the follow∣ing Symptoms are very greivous, as Vomiting, a pungent or pricking pain; sometimes an Apo∣plexy or Convulsion, somtimes a loss of the Voice, Reason and Understanding, which for the most part are Mortal signs. If so be the Blood flows through the Fracture of the Cranium, upon the Dura Mater, it endangers the Cor∣rupting thereof.

11. The parts afflicted in all these Cases, are

the Menings of the Brain, and the Pericrani∣um or thin Skin covering the Convex part of the Skull; if it afflicts the Menings, the pain is Internal and within the Skull; Physicians com∣monly know it by the Extension of the pain to the Roots of the Eyes, because, they say, and true∣ly enough, For that the Tunicles of the Eyes have their Original and Rise from them; but this cannot be the true sign; For that others, as Fernelius do affirm, That a pain in the External part of the Head afflicting the Pericranium, will affect the Roots of the Eyes also, for as much as they have membranes from the Pe∣ricranium, in like manner. It may be then demanded by what sign or signs the Pain of the Head within the Skull afflicting the Me∣nings, may be known from an External Pain of the Head afflicting the Pericranium.

12. To this We answer; first, That in an External Pain of the Head or the Pericranium, there is for the most part, if not always a sen∣sation of soreness upon the least touching of it; whereas if the Pain be internal, there is no ap∣pearance of any such thing; Now several great Anatomists as the most excellent Bartholin, does affirm, There belongs to the Skull both a Pe∣ricranium and Periostium; whereas Fernelius says, An external Pain of the Head, does reach to the Roots of the Eyes, it is supposed when the Pericranium is only afflicted, but if the Perio∣stium be only afflicted that sign will alwayes be wanting.

13. Hitherto of the general Causes of Pain in the Part, which are indeed the Effects of the more prime Causes; there remains now, that we shew the true Cause of Pain it self, where∣soever it happens, The original of all sense and motion is from the Brain; from whence the Animal Spirits runing in their proper Chanels. to wit, the Nerves, convey the same through, and into all parts of the Body, from Head to Foot, the free Current of these Spirits according to their own natural Motion, are only in Bodyes free from Pain, but if the Motion be torrid by any kind of force or violence, or if any part in which these Spirits abound be any wayes hurt, whereby Motion is obstructed, they flow thither in great hast, and by an Irregular Motion to re∣move that obstruction, but not being able, by that mighty afflux of Spirits, there is a Collision, or beating one against another in the several Chanels of the Nerves, by which Pricking them, Pain is immediatly Excited, and the magni∣tude of that Pain is according to the greatness of the Flux of these Spirits and the vehemency of their Collision.

XXXI. The Prognosticks of a Cepha∣lalgia.

1. Where the Causes are simple, from a simpe Intemperature of the parts, whether it be with in or without the Skull it is always without danger, and of no difficult Cure; and an external Headach, is always easier to be Cured, than an internal.

2. If it proceeds from matter abounding whe∣ther in the Periostium or Pericranium, with∣out the Skull, or in the Menings, of the Brain, within the Skull, the Cure is much more diffi∣cult, than when it Rises from a simple In∣temperature; yet it is without danger, unless the matter flowing Causes an Apostemati∣on of the Brain, which is for the most part mortal.

3. That Headach which arises from consent in the Stomach, will be as durable as the Cause from whence it proceeds, and when the dis∣affection of the Stomach is removed, the Pain of the Head will then Cease.

4. If it proceed from Drunkenness, it is without danger and commonly terminates in the space of twenty four hours; If it proceeds from a Feaver or the French Pox, its Prognosticks as to the danger in time of Cure, are to be fetcht from the Prognosticks of those Disea∣ses; If it be in a sharp Feaver, with thin and white Urine, it is dangerous; For that a strong sulpherous and violent hot Matter is sent to the Brain, from whence there is dan∣ger of a Phrensy: If it be without a Feaver, it signifies according to Hippocrates, in Coacis, an Apoplexy or Epilepsy, to be at hand: For that much of a Saline sulphurious Matter, cold and moist, with a certain kind of Viscosity af∣flicts the Brain; the same understand, if the Headach be accompanied with a Vertigo, or

Deafness or Numbness of the Hands.

5. If it be caused from a contusion, Wound or Fracture of the Skull, the danger is accor∣ding to the greatness of the Cause; in a sim∣ple Contusion or Wound it is without danger; in a Fracture of the Skull there is hope of Life and Recovery, while the Menings of the Brain remain unhurt; but if they were hurt, though the fracture be Cured and the Wound Healed, there will be continually a return of Pain either at certain Periodical times, or upon the least disturbance of the Brain; the which can be no otherwise remedied, then by perpetual keeping the Skull open with a Plugg.

6. In a Headach proceeding from Reple∣tion, or matter abounding, if Pus, Snot, or Water flow forth by the Nostrils, Ears, or Eyes, there will be hops of a speedy and sud∣den Cure; But if a strong Pain in the Head seises suddenly without Evacuation following, or Mitigation of its Vehemency, it is Mortal; For it shews the destruction of the Animal Fa∣culty, which is now without sense of the matter Causing the grief; moreover in a great Headach it is of evil Consequence to have the outward and extream parts cold; For by the vehemency of the pain and heat, by vertue of strong attracti∣on to the part affected there may be danger of an Inflamation.

7. If so be a vehement Headach feizes after the Cure of a Disease in the Visera or Bow¦els, in the Thorax, or Abdomen, proceed∣ing from Putrefaction, it shewes a translati∣on of the matter to the Brain; from whence arises for the most part an Apostemation which is mortal

XXXII. The Therapia, or Method of Cure: and first of a Head-ach, proceeding from a simple Intemperature of heat and dryness.

1. The Method of Cure depends upon the Cause, according to the Proverb, sublata Causa tollitur Effectus; if it be only external, or out∣ward, and proceeds from a simple Intemperature of heat and dryness, it must be Cured by the application of things cold and moist.

2. In this Case, you may anoint the Temples, Forehead, and parts pained with this Oyntment: Take Oyl of Roses, Oyl of Water-Lillies, of each one ounce: Oyl of Poppy-seed by expression, half an ounce: mix them, and apply it, leaving the Sick to his Repose; but if the Pain be very vehe∣ment, it will be good to mix with the aforesaid Oyls about an ounce of Vinegar of Roses, then in this mixture dip Cloaths, or Rose-Cakes, apply∣ing them to the place afflicted, binding them on.

3. Or, you may take fair Water, making it moderately warm, and with a Spunge dipt in the same, you may Bath or foment the parts afflict∣ed: For thereby the Head will be humected, the Pores will be opened, and the hot fiery Parti∣cles which was the Cause of the Disease will ex∣hale: But in this last Case, it will be never the worse, if you mix with the warmed Water afore-said, a half, or third part of Vinegar of Roses.

4. Inwardly, the Sick may Take Conserves of Roses, and Flowers of Water Lillies, of each two ounces: Lozenges of Sugar pearled, an ounce and a half; made into an Electuary with a suffi∣cient quantity of syrup of Violets: At Night go∣ing to Bed, and the Morning following, he may take this following Refrigerating Potion: Take Waters of Endive and Succory, of each three oun∣ces: Violet Water, two ounces: to which, add syrup of the juyce of Citrons, one ounce and a half; mix them, for two Doses.

5. Let the Food be cooling, and of good juyce, such as Chickens, Fishes of gravelly places, and Rear Eggs, and such Meats as are Souced, and Pickled Sawces. Of Herbs to be used Sallat∣wise, he may Eat freely Lettice, Purslane, and Cucumbers, and then take long Sleeps.

6. If his Belly be Costive; let him now and then Take a little Sal Prunellae, dissolved in fair Water, and sweetned with syrup of Roses solutive: Or, it may be loosned by an Emollient Clyster, made of Chicken, or Mutton Broth, twelve ounces, plus minus: Oyl Olive, four ounces: Sugar, three ounces: mix, dissolve, and let it be exhibited warm.

7. If these things do not; you must give Da∣mask Prunes to Eat together, with the Syrup thereof; which have been first Boyled, or Stew∣ed with choice Sena, one ounce thereof, to a pound and a half of Prunes, with a sufficient quantity of Water.

XXXIII. A Head-ach proceeding from heat and moisture.

1. As in the former, so here we must perform the Cure by things opposite in Nature: In re∣gard the Disease proceeds from heat and moi∣sture, we must make application of things cold and dry; but herein we must be very cautious of using things too cold, least we thereby so close the Pores as to hinder the Particles of heat from Exhaling.

2▪ Therefore, whatsoever is applied, though it be cold by Nature; it ought to be actually hot, or at least warm; that whilst the Medicament, by its Energetick Property, may cool and dry the part, so also by its external Action, it may at∣tract and draw forth the heat thereof.

3. For that external heat, is as great an In∣strument of cooling, as the application of the coldest thing in Nature: And what the Me∣dicament does Essentially perform by its own Energy, it doubles accidentally by its external heat: For as much, as by opening and keeping the Pores open, it gives place for all the fiery Particles to transpire, as aforesaid.

4. Therefore in the first place, Take Plantain Water, four ounces: Infusion of Galls, two oun∣ces: Sal Prunellae, two drams: mix, and dis∣solve, and foment the place pained, therewith warm.

5. Or thus, Take Poppy Water, four ounces: Opium, two dram: dissolve them, and apply to the part pained, warm, with double Cloaths, Spunges, or Rose Cakes.

6. If these do nothing; we must come to stronger and more forcible Remedies: Take strong Leaven, fitted for making of Rye-Bread, four ounces: Opium, three drams: mix them well together, and with a sufficient quantity of Poppy-Water, make a Cataplasm.

7. Internally, you may give this: Take Con∣serve of red Roses, three ounces: Conserve of Corn Poppy flowers, Conserve of Water-Lillies-flowers, of each two ounces: Conserve of Wood and Garden Sorrel, of each one ounce, Oyl of Sul∣phur, sixty drops: mix all well together: of which let the Patient take about half an ounce in the Morning fasting; just before Dinner at Noon; and last at Night, going to Bed.

8. Let his Diet be cooling and dry, let his Bread be Leavened; his Food, dressed with Pickled Sawces, and things in their Nature cooling.

9. If it be apparent, that moisture abounds very much in quantity; Cupping glasses, or Ve∣sicatories must be applyed, either to the Nape of the Neck, or Shoulders, or rather, in My Opi∣nion to the Soles of the Feet, by reason of the great consent betwixt the Head and the Feet.

XXXIV. The Cure of the Head-ach from cold and dryness.

1. In the first place, the use of Topicks are advised, which warm and humect: Take Oyl of Camomil, two ounces: Oleum Nardinum, one ounce: Oyl of Nutmegs by expression, three drams: mix and anoint the part affl cted; also Pouder of Nutmegs may be drawn up the No∣strils, for that immediately and wonderfully gives ease in a Head ach, proceeding from a cold Cause.

2. Or, Take Oyl of Roses, Oyl of Rue, of each one ounce: Camphir (dissolved in a little Chymi∣cal Oyl of sweet Marjoram) two drams: mix them, and anoint therewith; it is a Potent Remedy, and gives present ease.

3. A Cataplasm made of Turneps being Ba∣ked, and applyed as hot as can be endured, eases the pain to admiration, and humects and softens the place: The same does New Bread out of the Oven, being applyed as hot as it can be endu∣red: A Cataplasm made of Onions and Oyl of Roses, has done great matters in this Case: The same also does Garlick, made into a Cataplasm with Oyl of Rue, and applyed to the place pained.

4. If these things prevail nothing: Take Oyl of Roses, three ounces: Oyl of Rosemary Chymi∣cal, one ounce: Oyl of Amber, half an ounce: mix them well, with these anoint the part pained twice or thrice a day; applying over after a∣nointing, a Cataplasm made of Colewort leaves; this remedy you shall hardly find ever fail.

5. However, this is not all that is to be done▪ for those persons of a cold and dry Constitution▪

if so be they are often afflicted with the Head-ach, there will be a necessity for us to endeavour to alter the Habit of the Body, which is done by things of a heating and humecting Nature: Let him often take Balsam of Peru, mixt with Oyl of Nutmegs by expression in equal quantities; of this the Patient may take every Night going to Bed, and every Morning fasting, the quantity of a dram at a time; Drinking after it a little glass of Sack, it has a mighty power in it to warm and comfort both Head and Stomach.

6. So also the Tincture of Black Pepper, made with the spirit of Wine, digested till it be near blood Red: it may be given in Beer, Ale, Wine, Broth, and Milk, from ten drops to twen∣ty, thirty, forty, or more; it restores in Con∣sumptions, and refreshes the Animal Spirits al∣most to a Miracle.

7. Among the number of those things which are chief to warm and comfort a cold Head and Brain; nothing is indeed more powerful than the Spirit and Oyl, or Power of Rosemary, to be taken in the Morning fasting, in a small Dose, and the Spirit and Tincture of Castoreum, given in a Glass of Wine, as aforesaid.

8. The Sick may Eat and Drink Milk, or Whey; because they are accompanied with a moistning quality: So also new Cheese-Curds, before they are made into Cheese; and also Candied things, as Citron, Orange, and Limon-peels, Nutmegs preserved, or candied, green Gin∣ger, and what Drink he drinks, he may sweeten it with Syrup of Clove Gillyflowers, or Marsh-Mallows.

XXXV. The Cure of the Head-ach proceed∣ing from cold and moisture.

1. It is two-fold; first, where the Intempera∣ture is simple, without any greater abundance of moisture than the natural habit of the Body; or, secondly, It is a Disease of Repletion, wherein moisture does very much abound above the said natural habit.

2. If it be the first, you are to Bath the Fore∣head, Temples, and other parts pained with things that mightily heat and dry: Take Oyl of Nutmegs by expression, one ounce: Chymical Oyls of Rosemary, Limons and Oranges, of each one dram: mix them, and anoint the place pained therewith.

3. If the pain be extream: Take Chymical Oyls of Anniseeds, Oyl of Rosemary, Oyl of Sage, of each one dram: Camphir, half a dram: mix, and anoint therewith; it is a great Reme∣dy, and of mighty force to remove the aforesaid Evil.

4. If these things do not; you must apply your self to the use of Narcoticks: Take spirit of Wine, half a pint: Opium, half an ounce: dissolve the Opium therein and strain it; in the strained Liquor, dissolve Camphir, two drams; Bath the part with this, it shall not fail you.

5. Lastly, the Diet ought to be heating and drying; his Bread ought to be made with Fen∣nel-seeds, Caraway-seeds, or Anniseeds, well Baked, or twice Baked, as Biscuit; he may now and then drink generous Wine, provided it be moderately; Spiced Wine, and the Wine of Pope Adrian, which is no mean thing.

6. If it so be that moisture super-abounds; we must have other Considerations, in order to the Cure: For, that we have now something of matter to take away; if the Symptoms be not very vehement; we first, apply our selves to the taking away the Cause; otherwise, if the pain be vehement, we must first endeavour the allevia∣tion of that.

7, As to the six Non-Naturals, he ought to chuse a free, clear, serene Air to live in, he ought to forbear Sleeping in the day time; and, if possible to make choice of the Night for his Rest, he ought to use Exercise and Motion: For there∣by the Humours come to be Rarified, the Pores to be opened, whereby a great part of the hu∣mid matter seem to Exhale; his Food ought to be heating and drying, and therefore Roasted Meats are better for him than Boyled: Wild Foul are better than tame, and Sawces made of Spice, are better than those made of Fruits, or other cold things: let his Drink be generous, or fragrant Wine, and especially spic'd Wine: things of Volatile parts, such as Roots of Par∣sley, Water-cresses, Mustard, Raddishes, and the like, are of good use: So also Citron, Orange, and Limon-peels candied, Coriander, Comfits, and such like things, he may Eat freely of.

8. All things of a cold Nature, such as Pur∣slane, Lettice, Cucumbers, and Mellons are to be avoided as Poyson; so also Hogs-Flesh, and the Flesh of Water Fowls: His Bread ought to be well bak'd, and Biscuit, if he likes it, it tran∣scends all other things: with which he may Eat Almonds, Nuts, Raisons of the Sun, Pine-Nuts, Dates, and such like; but all manner of Milk Meats, as also Pease, Beans, and other Pulse are to be avoided.

9. Having now shown the Patient, what he is to do, it now remains to sh••w what is the Physi∣cians part: he is in the first place to take Care, That these Symptoms be alleviated, which is by the application of things hot and dry, and such are those things which we have not particularly ennumerated in the forepart of this Section, where we treated of a Head-ach from a simple Intemperature; to which may be added if the Pain be vehement, Camphir dissolved in the spi∣rit of Wine, and mixed with Oyl of Pepper, half an ounce: Oyl of Roses, an ounce: strained O∣pium, three drams: make a Liniment, accord∣ing to Art; wherewith let the part pained be anointed.

10. To the Head may be applyed a Cucupha or Cap: Take Pouder of Orrice, four ounces: Pouder of Cloves, two ounces and a half: Nut∣megs, Storax, and Benjamin, of each one ounce: mix them, to make a quilt of.

11. Moreover, let the Sick smell to a Per∣fume made of Musk, Ambergrise, and Liquid Storax, or he may smell to an Essence made of the Oyl of Rhodium, mixt with equals parts of the Oyl of Sassafras.

12. Fumes also of Amber, Frankincense, and the like, are very profitable, being taken-in by a Funnel at the Mouth, two, three, four, or six times or more.

13. Hitherto of the easing of the Symptom, it remains now, that we use our Endeavour to take away the Cause, without removal of which, we cannot hope for a certain Cure, but there will be a Repetition of many Paroxysms; this is done, either by Topicks externally applyed, or Medicaments internally given.

14. As for Topicks, it is necessary that the Head be Purged with prop••r Errhins, either li∣quid, as these following: Take Juyce of Beets, Juyce of sweet Marjoram, Juyce of Prim-Ro∣ses, and Juyce of Rue, of each equal quantities: mix them, and let them be Injected into the No∣strils.

15 Or, you may use this, which is inferior to none: Take half a pint of White Wine, dissolve in it Euphorbium, one dram: which let the Sick Snuff up the Nostrils, by means of which the Head will be abundantly Purged.

16. Them that like not the Liquid Errhins, they may use these following: Take Confectio Hamech, one ounce: Scammony, Gutta Gamba, Agarick troschiscated, of each half an ounce: Euphorbium, in a very subtle Pouder, one dram: mix, and make a Mass for Errhines, to be put up the Nostrils, by which the Head will be ex∣treamly Purged; these Errhines may be used about two hours before going to Bed, for four or five several Nights.

17. But the most excellent of all things of this kind, is the Sternutatory of Decker's, which altho some may esteem to be dangerous, not only the Experience of that learned Man, but our mani∣fold Tryals of the same, have sufficiently evinc'd the contrary: And we can say, upon our own Knowledge, That its Operation is almost Mira∣culous.

18. If these things do not, manifold Frictions ought to be used to the extream parts, Cupping Glasses may be applyed to the Shoulders, Hips, and Brawny parts of the Arms and Thighs, or for those that Fancy not Cupping Glasses, Vesicato∣ries may take place in those parts; which said Cuppings or Blysters, ought to be so often re∣peated, till the Humidity is apparently drawn away; I have often times Cured this Disease by drawing Blysters two, three, or four several times over the whole Head.

19. Where the Disease proves Rebellious, and will not yield to any of all those things tis ne∣cessary, that a Seton be applyed to the Nape of the Neck; or Issues be made in the Arms, and Inferiour parts of the Thighs, which ought to be continued, till the Habit of the Body is al∣tered.

20. Thus far as to Topicks; we come now to internal Medicaments, that we may take away

the Root of the Cause: If moisture abounds not much, it may be evacuated by Sweating: For which purpose you may give fifteen, or sixteen grains of Bezoar Minerale, in an ounce and a half of Treacle Water; or, in Aqua Vitae Ma∣thioli.

21. You may also give the Tinctura Sudori∣fica Paracelsi, to two drams or more: mix it with an ounce of Sylvius his Prophylactick Wa∣ter; if these things provoke not Sweat power∣fully, you may exhibit Volatile Salt of Toads, or Vipers to six, or seven grains, mixed with one of Mithridate, or Venice Treacle.

22. If these prevail nothing, you must have recourse to Opiats, amongst which, Our Speci∣fick Laudanum, or Confectio Anodyna, and Gut∣tae Vitae, are chief: Some have used the Li∣quid Laudana of Helmont, and of Scheffer, as also the Laudanum of Peter Faber, with the same success.

23. But if the cold and moist Disposition of the Head, proceeds from a cold and moist Ha∣bit of the whole Body (as for the most part it does) and that moisture super-abounds in an ex∣tream manner, we must begin the Cure after another Way; for as much as it is one of the hard∣est things in the Art of Medicine, to alter and remove a cold and moist habit of Body.

24. First, therefore let the whole Body be throughly Purged with such things as effectually evacuate pituitous and watery Humors: Take Pilulae Rudij, two drams: de Agarico, one dram and half: Resin of Jallap, one dram: Mercu∣rius dulcis three times sublimed, two scruples: mix, and with a little syrup of Buckthorn, make a Mass of Pills. dose from one scruple to half a dram: in strong Bodies: Syrup of Buck∣thorn may be given alone, from one ounce to two, in the Morning fasting: Take Pil. Ag∣gregativae, Pil. Cochiae, of each two drams: Troches Alhandal, Resin of Jallap, of each one dram: Elaterium, a scruple, mix and make Pills with Syrup of Buckthorn, to which add a few drops of Oyl of Caraways, or of Cloves. Dose one scruple or more, to half a dram.

25. These things are to be given often, with due intervals between Purging, that the Body may not be weakned too much. Among o∣ther Remedies none seems to be more excellent than Our Family Pills, whether with or without Aloes, being given in the Morning fasting from one scruple to half a dram: according to Age, Strength, and Sex.

26. But where solid Medicaments cannot be taken (for some cannot swallow Pills) We com∣mend the Tinctura Cathartick Clossaei, given a spoonfull at a time, with half an ounce of Syrup of Limons, or an ounce of Syrup of Roses solu∣tive, made sharp with Oyl of Sulphur.

27. If it be a Woman kind, and she be trou∣bled with Fits of the Mother, Wind or Vapors, it will be good to mix with the Purges afore∣said, as also with such as may be hereafter com∣mended, some notable Hysterick, as the Elixer Hystericum Maxij, which may be given to one dram and a half: The Tincture of Castor, Spi∣rit or Salt of Harts-horn, the Powers of Jet, or black Amber, and such like, plen∣ty where of you may see in our Pharmacooeia and Doron.

28. To the former Catharticks you may add, The Tincture of Sena Compound, Our Magi∣strall Cathartick Tincture, and Our Tinctura ex∣tribus; the two first of which may be given from one ounce to two; the latter, from half an ounce to one ounce, or more; mixed with a spoonful of Syrup of Limons.

29. The Tincture of Our Family Pills we here also commend, being given two or three spoonfulls at a time, with a little Syrup of Li∣mons, or of the Juyce of Citrons: Here also take place the Tinctura Phlegmagoga, Melana∣goga and Hydragoga Grulingij, to be given as in the former directions.

30. But if the Ventricle by very much af∣flicted and there is an appearance of very tough viscous Humours, chiefly of Flegm. It is ne∣cessary that Cutting Medicines by first Used, such are the Spirits and Oyls of Salt, Sulphur and Vitriol, which may be given to four or six Drops in such Liquor as the Sick commonly Drinks; but these are not long to be Continued, because of their cooling quality; but only so long till the Viscosity is somewhat attenuated and incided.

31. This done an Emetick ought forthwith

to be exhibited; to this purpose we commend the Antimonial Emetick syrup of Salá; Our Catharticum Argenteum, together with the In∣fusion of Crocus Metallorum, and the Liquor Vitae Aureus Rulandi; any of which you are to give in such a due Dose, as may respect the Strength, or Weakness, Age, Sex, or other Pro∣perties of the Sick.

32. These Vomits ought so long to be conti∣nued, till the Stomach is effectually cleansed; afterwards you are to Purge the Body down∣wards with the things before ennumerated.

33. But in the first place before either Purge or Vomit be given; you are to consider the Constitution of the Bowels; whether the Sick be Costive or Laxative, or in a mean; if the Bo∣dy be Laxative, you are to give the Purges afore∣mentioned, in somewhat less Proportion.

34. If Costive, you are before you attempt a∣ny other Evacuation, to give this following Cly∣ster: Take Decoctum Commune, eight ounces: Infusion of Crocus Metallorum, three ounces: Electuary Diacatholicon, one ounce: Oyl Olive, two ounces: mix, and then give it warm.

35. Or, you may exhibite Enema Pituitam Purgans, or Enema in Capitis affectibus Myn∣sichti, or Enema in Causa à duritial faecum Myn∣sichti, any of which will enough open and loosen the Body; besides which they draw Humours and Vapours from the Head, which is partly the Cause of its Pain.

36. These Clysters are to be twice, thrice, or more repeated, till the Constitution of the Bow∣els be apparently altered; the Belly being now made Solluble, the afore enumerated Emeticks, or Purgations may with safety be administred.

37. But that which is most worthy to be con∣sidered is, whether the Disease be Simple or Complicate, if Simple the Praescriptions of them∣selves are enough.

38. But if they be Complicated with any other Disease; you must always mix with the Me∣dicaments prescribed against the Headach, whe∣ther Emeticks, Catharticks, or Alteratives, such things as are either Specificks, or proper against the Complication.

39. As for Example, if the Scurvey be Conco∣mitant, you ought to mix with your Medicaments against the Headach Antiscorbuticks, as Spirits of Scurvey-grass, Water cresses, Brook-lime, Tarragon, Rocket, Horse-Radish, Mustard-seed, &c.

40. If it be Complicated with Hysterick Pas∣sions, you must mix Anti-Hystericks, such as we have a little before enumerated.

41. If it be Complicated with a Nephritis, you ought to mix Lithontripticks, or Stone-breakers, and Renals; as, Salt of Egg-shels, Oyl of Salt, Powers of Juniper-berries, Winter Cher∣ries, &c. which may have respect to the part.

42. If it be Complicated with a Tussis or Cough, or Obstructions of the Lungs, you ought to mix Pectorals and Openers, such are Chymical Oyls of Anniseeds and Dill, Oyl and Balsam of Sulphur, Tincture of Spanish Juyce of Liquorice, made in spirit of Wine, and mixt with a quarter part of Oyl of Tartar, per deliquium, and four times the quantity of Canary.

43. Where if the Obstruction be very great, it will not be amiss, to add some few drops of the spirit of Sal Armoniack.

44. If it be Complicated with an Arthritis or Gout, you ought to mix Arthriticks, as the Pulvis Arthriticus Paracelsi, or the Essence of Gout-Ivy, &c.

45. If it be Complicated with Weakness and Distemper of the Stomach, you ought to mix Stomaticks; such are the Elixir Proprietatis Paracelsi, Elixir of Wormwood, Potestates or Powers of Wormwood, Elixir of Bay-berries, Elixir of Mint, the Blood red Tincture of black Pepper.

46. If it be Complicated with any Passion of the Heart, as Fainting, Swooning, &c. You ought to mix Cordials, as Tinctura Auraea, Tinctura Vitae Nostrae, Tinctura Cardiaca, Elix∣ir Vitae Rubrum Reinesij, Pulvis ex Chelis Can∣crorum Compositus, Chymical Oyl of Cloves and Cinnamon, with the Water and spirit of Angelica more Compound, &c. And after this manner you must do in all other Complications.

47. But that the Humour may be fully carried off; Masticatories may be used to Chew in the Mouth, of which this following of Riverius is no Inferiour thing: Take Pellitory of Spain, two drams: Mustard-seed and Staves-acre, of each

one dram: Mastich, half a dram: make them up with white Wax into little Balls; of which let one be chewed every Morning, holding down the Head, till the Rhume fall out.

48. The same Riverius says, That a Blew Flower-de-luce Root is usually for the same purpose, and may be made use of in small In∣firmities.

49. Mastich alone Chewed is the mildest Masticatory, for it attracts and draws Humors to the Mouth without heat and Inflamation, which others do not.

50. If the Patient be free from a Catarrh or Consumption, he may use the following Garga∣rism: Take of Staves-acre, half an ounce: Mu∣stard-seed, three drams: Pellitory of Spain, one dram and half: Rocket-seed, one dram: Garden-Cresses, a pugil: boyl all in Water and Honey, to four ounces: strain, and mix there∣with Vinegar of Squills, two ounces: it draws moisture out of the Head by the Pallate power∣fully.

51. Vomiting, Purging and other Evacua∣tions being ended, that we may throughly eva∣cuate all the remaining superfluous Humidity in the substance of the Flesh and Skin, which the before enumerated things would not reach, it remains that the Sick be Sweated several times, as two, three, four or six times, or more, accor∣ding to the mighty abundance of the cold and moist humor, and long Habituation of it in the Body.

52. The Sudorificks, or Diaphoreticks in this Case to be used, we have in part declared at § 20. 21. and 22. of this Section; and a vast number more for this purpose, you may see in Our Pharmacopoeia and Doron: By this means shall the Body be divested of all its superfluous humidities and excrementitious Juyces.

53. One thing now remains that we shew how to strengthen the Vital Faculties, that the parts already depraved as to the Function, may hereafter perform those things, which are accor∣ding to Nature: For otherwise, what we have hitherto done will be in Vain, they being weak and not restored, and indeed much more weak∣ned by the Operations of Physick, it is so much the more requisite, that Restoratives and Strengtheners should now be added, which may both alter their former Constitutions, and con∣firm in them a healthful Disposition.

54. In the first place, therefore it will be good for the Patient to use often a Cephalick Bath: Take ten or twelve galons of warm Water; dis∣solve therein two or three ounces of salt of Tar∣tar: in this Water boyl Rosemary, Lavendar, Sage, Thyme, sweet Marjoram, Hyssop, Chamo∣mil, Penny-royal, of each three handfuls: Fea∣therfew, Origanum, Fennel, Dill, Parsley, Smallage, Wormwood, Southernwood, Hoarhound, of each two handfulls: Brimstone, Sal Niter, of each four ounces: boyl them all together in a large Vessel in part of the aforesaid Water; then mix with all the remaining part of the Water, and let the Patient bath himself in it being warm, for his Pleasure or Recreation for half an hour, an hour or more; repeating this Bathing once a Week, once a Fortnight, or once a Month, as the occasion requires.

55. Moreover part of this Bath may be put into a Vessel so scituated, as running at a Cock at the lower part of the Vessel that it may run or fall upon the Crown of his Head, being cove∣red with double Clouts, during the whole time of his Bathing.

56. The second thing to be done is, to anoint the Forehead, Temples, Nostrils, and the Nape of the Neck, and if the Head be Shaved, the whole Head, with the following Composition: Take Chymical Oyl of Rosemary, Oyl of Laven∣der, Oyl of Sage, Oyl of Sassafras, os each one dram: Oyl of Nutmegs by expression, half an ounce: mix them well, and anoint the places aforesaid therewith Morning and Evening, for four or five days.

57. Or, you may use this: Take the Powers of Rosemary, of Sage, of Cloves, of Sassafras, of each two drams: Powers of Limons and Oran∣ges, of each four drams: Powers of Amber, one dram: mix them, and Bath the place aforesaid therewith Morning and Night for a Week.

58. Also with it, you may Bath the Stomach, or the whole Abdomen or Belly, together with the Joynts or extream parts, where you find any Lassitude, Weakness, or Pain.

59. Thus far as to the Topicks, we come now

to strengthen the parts by internal Medicaments, first, we commend the use of Pope Adrian his Wine, which may be taken every Morning fa∣sting just before Dinner, and last at Night going to Bed.

60. So also the Vinum Sanctum, the Vinum Claretum Stomachicum, or the Vinum Cephali∣cum, than the which there is scarcely any thing more excellent; yet the Vinum Moschatum Myn∣sichti is commended above all others.

61. For ordinary Drink, I commend a small Decoction of Guajacum, made in Water after the manner following: Take Water, twenty quarts: Raspings of Guajacum, eight ounces: Sarsaparilla, Sassafras, of each four ounces: Rosemary, Sage, Bawm, Betony, sweet Marjoram, of each an handful: Zedoary, Nutmegs, yellow Sanders, all bruised into a gross Pouder, of each three ounces: Cloves, Mace, Scordium, of each an ounce and half: boyl all together to the Con∣sumption of six quarts, so as fourteen may re∣main; strain it out by pressing, then let it stand till the faeces are setled; decant the clear Liquor, and make it pleasant with white Sugar, let it gently ferment, if it inclines to it, then bottle it up, and let it be taken as an ordinary Drink, let this be continued for six or seven Months, whereby the Habit of the Body may be throughly altered.

62. These Medicines following to alter and strengthen the Brain are commended by Rive∣rius: But because (saith he) this is a stubborn Disease, and useth to produce new Flegm, both after general and particular Evacuations; we shall prescribe those Medicines by which the Humor may be abated, and the Head or Brain preserved in that State into which by Physick it is restored: being first Purged for the most part twice a Month.

63. In the Intervals of Purging, he may take this following Electuary: Take Conserves of Acorus roots, or of Ginger, Citron-peels candied, of each one ounce: Conserves of Sage and Rose∣mary-flowers, of each six drams: Nutmegs can∣died, old Venice Treacle, Confection of Alkermes, of each three drams: the species of Diambrae, and Diamoschi Dulcis, of each one dram: with syrup of Citron-peel, make an Electuary, of which let there be the quantity of a Chesnut taken every Morning fasting before Meat, for the space of two hours, and an hour before Dinner; drink∣ing after it a little fragrant Wine or choice Canary.

64. This following Balsam does more strong∣ly corroberate the Brain, of which he may take now and then, or at least every Night going to bed, six, eight, or ten Drops in Wine or Broth, anointing also the Nostrils within therewith: Take Chymical Oyl of Nutmegs, three drams: Chymical Oyls of Marjoram, Rosemary, and Amber, of each half a dram: Oyl of Mans Skull, Musk and Ambergrise, of each one scru∣ple: mix them together, the Musk and Amber∣grise, being fi••st ground into a subtle Pouder.

65. Or this, Take Oyl of Oranges; or Orange-flowers, two drams: Fat of Roses, one dram: Oyl of Amber, one scruple: Chymical Oyls of Rosemary, Sage and Spicknard, of each fifteen drops: mix them together, and let them be used as the former.

66. If those things cannot be had, we com∣mend in the place thereof, the dayly use of Our Electuarium ad Tabidos; or Our Treacle, the greater and lesser Compositions, but chiefly the Electuarium Antipestilentiale, either of which may be taken Morning or Night to the quantity of one dram; drinking afer it a little Glass of Pope Adrian his Wine, or a small quantity of the Queen of Hungaria her Water.

67. Lastly, Let the Room in which the Sick lodgeth, or is most conversant in, be Perfumed with the following Suffiment: Take Amber, Yellow Sanders, Raspings of Juniper-wood, Ma∣stich, Olibanum, Storax Calamita, Gum Sande∣rach, of each half an ounce: Benjamin, Orrice-roots, Frankincense, of each two drams: Cloves, Nutmegs, Mace, of each one dram: make all in∣to a gross Pouder; which sprinkle upon Charcoal set on fire.

68. With this the Room may be Perfumed Morning and Night every Week; and if he so pleases, he may take the Fume thereof into his Mouth through a Funnel twice or thrice a week; for by this means the Head will be exceedingly dryed.

XXXVI. The Cure of the Head-ach from Vapours ascending up into the Brain.

1. If it proceeds from Drunkenness it sudden∣ly passes off, and needs none of our Instructions for the Cure of it: if it proceeds from Melan∣choly; Platerus commends the following: Take Catholicon, half an ounce: Diaphenicon, two drams: Hamech, a dram: mix them, and take it with Sugar, or an ounce of the Syrup of Fu∣metory, or with Whey, or with Cock-Broth.

2. Or, let the Sick take these Pills: Take Pi∣lulae Indiae, two scruples: Pilulae Agregativae, half a dram: with the juyce of Fumetory, make a Mass of Pills.

3. Or this, which is stronger; Take species Hiera without Saffron, a dram and half: Ex∣tracts of Polypody, and of all the Myrobalans, of each two scruples: Scammony▪ extract of black Hellebor, of each a scruple: Lapis La∣Zuli prepared, half a dram: Oyl of Lavender-flowers, twelve drops: with syrup of Fumetory, make a Mass of Pills, which may be given from half a dram to a dram.

4. Those that cannot take Pills may take the following Decoction: Take Roots of Bugloss, Bark of Tamarisk, Bugloss and Scabious flowers, Raisons stoned, of each one ounce: Staechas, half an ounce: seeds of Millons, two drams: Poly∣pody, Dates, Sena, of each six drams: Prunes numb. 12. Indian and Cheb Myrobalans, of each a dram: being all bruised, infuse twenty four hours over a gentle heat, then boyl and strain out; to the strained Liquor add syrup of Roses solutive, and of Peach-flowers, of each one ounce: Sugar and Nutmeg in Pouder, of each enough to sweeten and aromatize it. This Portion re∣peat if need be.

5. Or instead hereof, the Pulvis Diatartara Rulandi, which is this: Take Sena, six drams: Crystals of Tartar, one ounce: Fennel and An∣niseeds, of each a dram: Cinnamon, half a dram: Sugar of Roses, a dram and half, or two drams: make all into fine Pouder. This is a pleasant Pouder, and may be given a Spoonful at a time often.

6. If it proceeds from Vapours from the Sto∣mach, you may give Pills of Hiera Picra, or Pilulae Aloephanginae, which are of extraordina∣ry use, as also the Elixir Proprietatis Para∣celsi.

7. If the Vapours or Fumes proceed from the Womb, you may Purge with Pilulae Cochiae, or Pilulae foetidae, or with Our Family Pills with Aloes; these things cleanse and open the Womb after a wonderful sort.

8. Afterwards proper Hystericks may be given of which in their place. However this following Composition is mightily commended: Take Species of Hiera Picra, two drams: Agarick, Turbith, of each one dram: Troches Alhandal, Resinous Scammony, Nutmeg, Mastich, of each half a dram: Ginger, a scruple: Sal Gem, half a scruple: Oyl of Cloves and Lavender-flowers, of each three drops: with syrup of Staechas make a Mass of Pills: Dose from half a dram to two scruples, the one half may be given at Night go∣ing to Bed, and the other half next Morning fol∣lowing.

9. Lastly, in all these Cases, it will be of prin∣cipal moment, often to administer some of the Clysters in the former Section, for they mighti∣ly draw Vapours from the Head.

XXXVII. The Cure of the Head-ach arising from a Feaver.

1. We ought indeed to take away the Cause, if we would have the Effect to cease; but because the doing of that would be somtimes long, and the urgency and vehemency of the Symptom many times requires the more speedy remedy, we shall here point them forth to you, as they are to be used in order. Ancient Physicians used immediately to open a Vein, cheifly the Cephalick; but this we decline.

2. If it be external, the parts Pained ought to Bathed or fomented with Warm Water, in a pint of which three drams or half a ounce of Sal Prunellae is dissolved, this ought to be con∣tinued for half a hour or there abouts. This done.

3. You may Embrocate the Head with this: Take Rose-Water, four ounces: Vinegar of Ro∣ses, two ounces: Oyl of Roses, one ounce: the white of one Egg, mix them by beating them

well together; and Embrocate, as aforesaid; after which dip Flax, Cotton or double Linnen therein, and apply it after the manner of an Epithem: Or instead hereof, you may anoint with Ʋnguentum Populneum, or Our Ʋnguentum Narcoticum, both which are of good Use. But a Cataplasm of Vervain made by beating it with Vinegar, is said to be a Specifick.

4. This done, this following Clyster from Joel ought to be given to move the Belly, for thereby the heated parts will be much cooled; the Feaver much abated, Vapours will be drawn downward, and the Pain of the Head will be signally eased: Take Violet leaves, herb Mercury, Betony, Marjoram, Centory the less, of each one hand∣ful: Pulp of Coloquintida, one dram: the herbs being bruised, boyl all in a pint and half of Wa∣ter, till three quarters of a pint only remain, which strain, and to the straining add Hiera simple, one ounce and half: Oyls of Violets and Camomil, of each two ounces: common Salt, one dram: mix for a Clyster which you are to exhibit warm.

5. Inwardly you are to use Antifebriticks, mixing with the same a few drops of the Spirit of Sal Anmoniack: and in all his Drink, let him take Salt of Wormwood ten grains: mixed with Juyce of Limons, half a spoonfull.

6. If these things do not, after bathing with the Water at § 2. above, you may at Night going to Bed apply the following: Take Vinegar of Roses one ounce: Poppy water (in which one dram of Sal Prunellae is dissolved) two ounces: Spirit of Wine (in which Camphir one scruple is dissolved) half an ounce: Opium extracted with Spirit of Wine and Inspissated to the thickness of Honey, two drams: white Poppy seeds bruised, one ounce: Oyl of Poppy seeds by Expression, one ounce and half: the White of one Egg: Terra sigillata, two ounces: mix all well, and upon R se Cakes, Cloth or Leather, apply it as a Pultise.

7. The next Morning following, let him take a strong decoction of Cink-foil made in part water, part wine, and made pleasant with a Syrup of the Juyce of the same herb; repeat∣ing also the Clyster afore prescribed, if occasion be; mean seas n, let Nothing be left undon, towards the removal of the Primary Cause, viz. the Feaver, but let every thing be done in Or∣der. In respect both to the Feaver, and the Pain of the Head: Blisters on the soles of both feet are of most admirable effects.

XXXVIII. The Cure of the Headach arising from the French Pox.

1: The Headach arising from the French Pox, is to be Cured by taking away that Di∣sease by the Roots; but we Intend not here a Headach arising simply from the Pox, but ra∣ther one arising from the ill management and vitious application of Medicaments by igno∣rant and illiterate Persons, pretending to that Cure.

2. It is Caused for the most part from Mer∣cury ill prepared, ascending up into the Brain; and sometimes from the Irregularity of the Pa∣tient; in both these Cases the Cure is exceeding difficult; nor has many Physicians performed it; scarce has any Attempted it; the most A∣curate and Faithfull Hartman has in a man∣ner Concluded these Pains Incurable; so what we have to say or declare here, is wholly without President.

3. Former Physicians in this Case have pre∣scribed a Repetition of Salivations; others con∣stant Diet Drinks made of Guajacum, sassafras, and sarsa, according to the common manner.

4. Others have given strong Vomits and pur∣ges, continuing their use till the Patient was brought well near to his Grave; others have ap∣plied the Seton, Cupping Glasses, Vesicatories, and the like, to various parts of the Body.

5. Others have applyed Errhines, Sternu∣tatories, Masticatories, and Gargarisme to the Nostrills and Mouth: others have applied Oyls, Unguent••, Cataplasms and Plasters to the parts affected, of various kinds of qualities, both with and without Quicksilver.

6. Others have given outwardly and continu∣ed the use of Opiats for many mo ths; others have used strong Sudorificks and Caused the Sick to sweat six, eight or ten times, or more; and yet notwithstanding all these things have proved ineff ctual.

7. Others, wiser then their fellows, have made use of all those distinct Remedies to one only Patient, and yet alas! without success.

8. What now Remains to be done which these Men have not done; or what way can be fur∣ther thought of to deliver the Sick from such per∣petual excruciating Torments.

9. But that we may rightly attempt this Cure, if possibly it may be performed, since so many have shot a side from the Mark, and gone so far astray from Truth, it behoves us to make a scrutiny both in the Cause of this Herculean Affect, and the Cause of the Errors and Unsuc∣cessfullness of the former prescribed Remedies.

10. And first as to the Cause of the Malady, the Procatartick first or remote Cause, is doubt∣less a Mercurial Venom, if not the Body of Mercury it self, contaminating the Tunicles, Ventricles, and, in some measure, the substance of the Brain it self.

11. The Proegumine, latter, proximate, or conjunct Cause, is an Acid Salt intimately mix∣ed with the blood, and carried with it to the Films, Ventricles and substance of the Brain.

12. This acid Salt, 'tis probable will not sim∣ply be the Cause of the pain of the Head, but meeting with the Mercury thereupon, the least Motion or Agitation, it seizes upon the Mercury, from whence arises cloudy, obscure, and poyso∣nous Fumes, such as you see when Quick-silver is put to be dissolved in Aqua Fortis, which Fumes, if they be in the least manner received in∣to the Head by the Nostrils, will immediately cause a most intollerable Head-ach.

13. Now this Pain, made by the Operation of these Fumes, is either from their stretching the Films of the Brain, or Interrupting the Animal Spirits in the Cavities, where they are generated or conveyed, or in the Vessels of the Brain it self; or else from their vellicating or fretting the parts which they touch, or from their Ve∣nine property being wholly Poysonous; thus much as to the Cause.

14. Now it appears, That if an Acid Juyce or Salt, be the proximate or conjunct Cause of this Pain, that all those things which breed and generate an Acid Salt, must be directly oppo∣site to the Intention of Health.

15. And whereas all the former Artists and and Men of this Profession, whatever things they Considered of in order to the Cure of the Di∣sease, they never missed the constant use of Guajacum, to wit, in a Diet prepared there∣from.

16. Now whereas Guajacum contains a most acid Salt, and even in the highest degree, as every Chymist that has wrought therein can tell you, and produces an acid Salt or Spirit, which will dissolve Mettals, Stones, Bones, and the har∣der Substances; it is no wonder indeed that they have so often attempted this Cure without suc∣cess, and missed their desire in it.

17. Now it remains, knowing the true Cause of the Disease, and the Reason why the former Remedies had no Effect, to institute and lay down a Method of Precepts, which being put in use may infallibly Vanquish this hitherto Incura∣ble Disease.

18. The chief matter lies in the Diet, next in that thing which will effectually draw out the Mercury.

19. By the constant use of the Diet for forty, sixty, or a hundred days, the Blood comes to be throughly and perfectly sweetned through a de∣struction of the said acid salt; and by the Me∣dicament which we call Hercules by reason of its mighty Power and Operation; the Mercury is destroyed, extracted and drawn forth.

20. But by what means or Act it performs it, is yet doubtful to us; what we can most resem∣ble it to, is the Operation of the Head of a Viper, or Poysonous Serpent in Curing the Biting of the same Creature; which if Remedies be neglected is always Mortal.

21. Yet if you immediately apply to the place▪ Biten the bruised Head of the Serpent, after the manner of a Cataplasm; in which Head is contained (as most Authors think) all the Poyson of the Creature, the Sick shall be per∣fectly freed from all manner of danger, and in a short time become throughly well again.

22. As to the Diet let it be made after this manner: Take spring Water, twenty five quarts: Mealy Sarsaparillae, two pounds and half: Vir∣ginian Snake-root, Contra yerva, of each four ounces: infuse all the Sarsaparilla all Night in

the Water, over a gentle heat, the next Morning take it out, and split each string into three or four pieces, after which boyl it with the other things in the foresaid quantity of Water for six or eight hours, or till the Liquour is near half boyled away; at what time the Water will be of a pretty high Colour; in this Water dissolve spanish juyce of Liquorice, one or two ounces: let it settle in a proper Vessel, then decant the clear, which bottle up, putting into each bottle a quarter of an ounce or better of white Sugar and a Clove split in halves.

23. Of this the Sick ought to Drink a bottle or two every day; drinking no other Liquor be∣sides, and to continue for sixty days or more, as he shall see occasion.

24. Now here is to be noted, That if he be of a vehement hot Constitution, the Diet as it is here ordered, is sufficient enough, but if the Constitu∣tion or Habit of body be cold and moist, it will be necessary for him to add to the Decoction these following things: Take Rosmary, Lavender, Sage, sweet Marjoram, Betony, of each half an handful: Hyssop, Mint, Cat-mint, Origanum, Thyme, of each a pugil▪ bruise them together, and put them into the former Decoction, half an hour before the end of the boyling; after which dissolve the said juyce of Liquorice, strain, then let it settle, after decant it clear, and Bottle it up, as aforesaid.

25. Now that Sarsa sweetens the Blood above all other things that we know, we are sufficiently satisfied from manifold Observations and Cures performed by the same; which, I may speak, were even to My own admiration; but it no ways an∣swers the Intention, unless as we have declared Chap. 1. sect. 5. § 10. it be long taken, and Liquor be made very strong thereof, by boyl∣ing at lest eight, ten, or twelve times the propor∣tion assigned by others. Thus much for the Diet.

26. We come now to shew the use of the Her∣cules, so called, as beforesaid, in respect of its mighty Operations; the thing which chiefly an∣swers to this is the Aurum Vitae Sennerti, the other the Hercules of Bovius: Lastly, the Her∣cules of the Author hereof.

27. Either of these may be given during the time of the taking of the aforesaid Diet once or twice a Week, for eight, ten, or twelve Weeks to∣gether, by what time an eminent alteration may be seen.

28. If in the mean season the Body be bound, you must take Care that it be opened with some Emollient Clyster, among which that of Joel is not Improper: Take Beets, Marsh-Mallows, Herb Mercury, Rue, Bay-leaves, Nettles, of each one handful: Roots of Polypody, one ounce: Bark of Broom, Carthamus-seeds, flowers of Staechas, Camomil-flowers, of each one pugil: cut them that are to be cut, bruise them that are to be bruised; boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Water to the consumption of the half: strain, and to a pound thereof add juyce of blew Flower-de-luce Roots clarified, one ounce: Hiera simple, half an ounce: Oyls of Rue, Castor and Dill, of each one ounce: Honey of Roses, half an ounce: Salt, one dram: mix and make a Clyster, and let it be given in the Morning fasting.

29. After due Purging, you may safely Sweat with the Solar Bezoar, and other things, three, four or six times. But among the number of the great Specificks proper against this Disease are accounted the Pilulae Lunares, which may be gi∣ven to three or four grains, and that constantly of themselves, or else alternately with other spe∣cifick Medicaments, as those of Sennertus and Bovius aforenamed: to which add also the Vi∣triol and Tincture of Luna.

30. To the external parts of the Head may be applyed this following Liniment: Take Oyl of Rue, one ounce: Mithridate, Venice Treacle, of each half an ounce: spirit of Juniper, in which a little Camphir is dissolved, a sufficient quantity: mix and make a Liniment to anoint the Tem∣ples and parts pained, the Hair being first cut off; also it may be spread upon Leather, and applyed to the same place.

31. Lastly, From Joel, we add the following thing, which he says is an Experiment often try∣ed: Take Juyces of Elecampane and Briony, Li∣quid Storax and Turpentine, of each one ounce: Gum Elemni, half an ounce: Frankincense, Or∣rice Root, of each three ounces: Oyls of Orrice and Hypericon, of each a s••fficient quantity: make an Oyntment thereof, with which mix Quick-silver kill'd with Mans Spittle, one ounce: mix all well together and make an Oynt∣ment

according to Art: and let those parts of the Arms where the Cephalick Vein is extended be anointed every day for many days together. We here communicate it to others, that they also may make Tryal thereof.

XXXIX. The Cure of the Head-ach pro∣ceeding from a hurt of the Cranium, or the Me∣n••ngs of the Brain:

1. In this Case when a pain of Head comes, after the Healing of a Fracture in the Skull, or a Wound in the Dura Mater; Physicians have often applyed many Remedies, but all in Vain: and altho' the Pain has been eased for the present, and the Sick seems to himself to be well, yet up∣on the least Illness, Indisposition, or change of Air, the pain has still constantly returned again and afflicted the Patient in the same place and after the same manner; so that notwithstanding whatever Physicians have been able to Prescribe, it has, as it were, remained Unconquerable.

2. But there are some Natural Indications, which if rightly used will not fail of the Cure, or desired Effect. Now the reason, why the pain constantly returns upon any sudden change or alteration of the Air, is this:

3. The Animal Spirits in the Brain being only recreated and comforted by a clear, and sereen Air and their being a reciprocall kind of sym∣pathy and vnity among them by reason, of the purity, celerity, and subtilty of parts, it comes to pass that alwayes some hours before the said alteration happens, the said Animal Spirits be∣gin to be clouded and opprest, and by reason of their endeavour to free themselves there from by their extream hastiness and rushing together they make a Collision amongst themselves, by which the Pain is excited.

4. But that this should come to pass some houres before the said change of Air, yea some∣times a day before hand, that is the great Won∣der. Truly this arises from the sensibility of the parts afflicted, and exceeding subtilty of the Animall Spirits (mutually Sympathizing with the Nature and quality of the Air) who can for many hours before hand perceive and feel that which we cannot; for as much as it is certainly to be believed that many hours before the actuall Change of the Weather, the air has re∣ceived the impression, or prae-disposition of the said succeeding Alteration, though no such thing be manifest to us.

5. Whether this Pain be old and of long standing, or not; if that indeed it be extream, we must come also to the Extream and last Re∣medy first, without which all others will prove ineffectuall as to a perfect Cure.

6. The Skull ought to be opened, and a peice taken out either upon the place where the for∣mer Wound or Fracture was, or rather if the place will admit it, a little below the same and from thence forth to be kept open so long as the person Lives; for being healed and so kept it endangers incurable Megrims, Vertigoes, Epilepsies, or Apoplexies, by which the Sick is many times suddenly carried of: Whereas be∣ing kept open, those Fumes or Vapors which may be the Cause of the said Diseases, as also of this present Pain, are continually breathed forth.

7. What remains now, but that the Belly be kept soluble with proper Clysters, and the Sto∣mach opened and cleansed from its impurities, which commonly in Bodies so disposed send up Vapours and Fumes to the Brain.

8. The Clysters: Take Decoctum Com∣mune, fourteen ounces: Oyl of Camomil, two ounces: Cassia extracted, one ounce and half: Salt, one dram: mix and make a Clyster, which exhibit in the Morning fasting.

9. The Stomach may be cleansed with this: Take Yellow Myrobalans, two drams: Rhubarb, four scruples: Spicknard, half a scruple bruise and moisten them, with Wormwood Wine till they are soft; then infuse them in clarefied Whey, or Endive & Vervain Waters; strain out, & dissolve therein, Diaprunis, two drams: Syrup of Vio∣lets, an ounce: give it for one dose. Or instead hereof, you may take the Decoctum Senae Gere∣onis, to six ounces: which is a thing of good use.

10. If the Sick had rather take Pills, he may use those of Assajereth, which are good for a Headach proceeding by consent from the Sto∣mach, as also Pil. Sine quibus, a dram at a time of either; but no wayes inferiour are Our Fa∣mily Pills with Aloes.

11. Lastly, to strengthen and comfort the Stomach and Animal Spirits, every Night go∣ing to Bed, the Sick may take half a dram: or a dram, of good Mithridate or Venice Trea∣cle; by observing these rules, tis possible he may preserve his Body at Ease, and also in Health.

12. If the Wound be recent and so not yet healed, this following may be applyed to stop the bleeding: Take Meal of Beans, Lentils and Barly, Spunge burnt, of each one dram and a half: Sanguis Draconis, Frankincense, Myrrh, Aloes, of each one dram: Cobwebs, two drams: Pou∣der of Gum tragacanth, two drams and half: Hares-hair cut small or poudred, three drams: Terra sigillata, Gypsum, of each one Scruple: make all into a fine pouder. When you Ʋse it, take thereof one ounce: mix it with the Whites of two Eggs, and the Juyces of Comfrey and Knotgrass, of each half an ounce: and apply it with Lint or Hards of Flax.

13. This Vulnerary Emplaster may also be ap∣plyed: Take Betony, Marjoram, Hypericon, Wood∣bine, Yarrow, of each a handful: Rosemary, Sage, Centory the Less, Pimpernel, Vervain, Com∣frey, of each half a handfull: bruise all toge∣ther: digest eight days in generous Wine, three pints in a warm place; then add venice Tur∣pentine one pound and half: Oyls of Roses and of Hypericon, of each five Ounces: Oyl of Ma∣stich, one ounce and half: boyl to the Consump∣tion of the Wine, then strain strongly out by pres∣sing; and add again Resin of the Pine tree mel∣ted, Gum Elemi, of each three ounces: white Wax enough to make an Emplaster, or Cere-cloth; which spread upon Linen Cloth, and ap∣ply it twice a Day fresh to the Wound.

14. And with these Remedies you may also happily cure a Contusion or bruise, by first open∣ing the Tumors if any be, mundifying it with Honey of Roses, and then applying of these Me∣dicaments.

15. If the Dura Mater is hurt, you may instil by the fracture clarified juyce of Cala∣minth; or the Chymical Oyl of Mastick: Or this following Liniment: Take fresh Butter ne∣ver Salted, Or sweet Hogs lard; Oyl of Roses, of each half an ounce: Chymical Oyl of Ma∣stick, two drams: melt and mix them together; and instill thereof into the Wound, it immedi∣ately eases all the Pain.

16. If the Headach comes from the ill shape of the Head, as Absence of a Suture, as the Sa∣gital: Or rocky constitution of the Skull above the said Sagitil, it is Incurable, unless by the help of the Trepan, a piece of the Skull be tak∣en out, that the fuliginous Vapours causing the Pain may transpire.

XL. The Pathology of the second Kind of Headach, called old or Inveterate; and first of the Signes and Cause.

1. The Name. It is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in Latin Cephalaea, and Dolor Ca∣pitis inveteratus; and in English an In∣veterate, Old, Continuing or habituall Head∣ach.

2. It is known by paining both sides the Head, and for the most part the whole Head, in which the Pain is almost continual: sometimes it is gent∣ler, somtimes stronger, and sometimes it is with that Vehemence, as to induce a lightness of Head, Foolishness, or a Phrensy; there is commonly a remision of it, and it returnes by fits, which are ordinarily at certain Dayes, or Weeks, Morning ro Evening; or accidentally from any Violent Motion, or Exercise, or taking of Cold; or be∣fore a Change of the Air.

3. The parts afflicted in this are the same with the former, viz. the Membranes of the Cranium, or the Menings of the Brain; and al∣so the Brain it self. Now the substance of the Brain becomes Sensible of Pain, only by reason of the community of the tender films with the Menings, which produce the Sensitive Nerves; so that if the substance of the Brain is afflicted it is by Consent, and the Pain is only a kind of heaviness, or sense of Weight before and be∣hind.

4. Some of the Causes of this Pain, may be all the Causes before ennumerated in a Cephalal∣gia: but by reason of its stubborness▪ and long continuance, we must seek for some other ad∣ditionall Causes besides, which may indicate such an Inveteracy.

5. The one of these Causes may be a Frac∣ture of the Skull, with hurt of the Menings for∣merly

Healed. Another may be from the Evil conformation of the parts of the Head from the very Birth, such as I saw in the Skull of a Man opened after his Death, who had been troubled with a perpetuall Pain of his Head from his Cra∣dle, viz. an extuberance of the Inner Table, or a swelling out of the Concave part of the Skull, much like a half Egg cut long wayes, which Tumor or bunching out of the Concavity I conceive prest much upon the Menings. Ano∣ther may be from the Malignity of the Pox, of which we have spoken already.

6. But one Principal cause may be from the Aptness of the Blood in some persons to a fer∣mentation, where Vapors and Wind are stirred up; and by reason of which, the Blood contain∣ed in the large Cavities and passages of the Brain being raised, Causes a stretching of the Vessells beyond Nature: Or otherwise, by means of the said working fills the said Cavities fuller than ordinary of Excrements, by which the Motions and Functions of the Animal Spirits are mightily impeeded.

7. Another Cause may be from Hypochon∣driack Melancholy, which being it self along and Inveterate distemper, may be the Cause of the Continuance of such as arise in part by consent therefrom. For sending fumes into the Ventri∣cles of the Brain by the continued circulation of the Blood, it naturally followes that Pain must be naturally excited, and that almost conti∣nually, especially upon any sudden or violent Motion or Exercise, any Grief or Trouble of Mind, any anxious Thoughts; or any change or alteration of the Air, the reason of which last we have largely declared in Sect XXXIX § 3. and 4. aforegoing. To these causes may be added the natural weakness of the brain from the birth, by reason of which from almost every small Occasion, this Pain of the Head is excited.

8. Hence it appears, That the persons most subject to this Disease, are such as are of a Cold and dry Habit of body, of which disposition are all Hypochondriacks: and such as are of a Cold and moist Constitution, the Ventricles of whose brains are almost perpetually filling & filled with Recrements. If it be objected, that such cannot be subject to manifold Fermentations of the blood because of their cold Habit of body which is an enemy to Fermentation: To this we an∣swer; That neither Heat nor Cold are simply of themselves either the Materiall or Formall Causes of Fermentation, but only an Acci∣dental Cause, which are stirred up accidentally from the fit or convenient mixtion of proper Salts: this Spirit of Vitriol, and a solution of Salt of Tartar in fair Water (or fair Water it self) although they are both of hem externally Cold, and also Cold in their operation, yet, being mixt together in a fit proportion, they excite a most incredible heat, which may be said indeed to be the Accidental Cause of the Effervescency, and the same may be done in Our bodies, al∣though Cold and Moist, if that Humidity meets with a Salt proper for such an Operation.

XLI. The Prognosticks of a Cephalaea, or Old Headach.

1. This Disease if it has not been of long stand∣ing, is the more easy to be cured. but if it has been of any long standing, it is commonly very difficult. So also if it proceeds from the French Pox.

2. It is scarcely ever Cured, if it followes af∣ter a Fracture of the Skull; or be caused by evil Conformation of the parts; or proceeds from a pure and natural or haereditary Weakness of the Brain, unless that the Skull be opened, and a peice thereof taken out.

3. And as it, for the most part, happens either to people of a cold and dry Constitution, of a Melancholy habit: Or to such as are of a cold a••d moist Constitution of a Cachectical habit; So in both these Conditions the Cure cannot but be very difficult: for in the first cause, the Me∣lancholy habit must be altered, else you do no∣thing at all, and that is no easy thing to do: and in the latter the Cold and moist habit must be re∣moved, if you perform any thing, which is a matter of no small moment.

4. If it proceeds from consent of other parts, you must alter their Habit and Constitution; for till the Cause be taken away, the Effects can never absolutly cease: And according to the difficulty of altering the nature, qualities and disposition of those parts, such will be the hopes of Cure in this Disease.

5. If it be complicated with any other Dis∣ease, as, a Cough, Catarrh, &c. the Cure will yet be so much the more difficult, for till they are re∣moved the Cephalae can never be Cured: because, it is certain, that those Concomitants contribute mightily to this Disease.

6. That which proceeds from a Fermentation of the Blood is the most easy of this kind to be Cured, for upon the stopping of the Fermenta∣tion the pain not long after ceases: But then this falls out again, that if the Fermentation is re∣newed, so will this Pain be also.

XLII. The Cure of a Cephalaea, or old Head-ach in a cold and dry Constitution of Body: or, arising from Melancholy.

1: If it be in a cold and dry Habit, from a simple Intemperature, without Cause from any other part, the Cure will not have that difficulty in it, as if it proceeded from Melancholy. In this Case you are to warm and humect the parts: Take Oyls of Camomil and Bays, of each half an ounce: Oyl of Nutmegs by expression: mix them well together, and anoint very well all the places pained, Morning Noon, and Night, before a convenient Fire; embrocating the parts also at the same time.

2. Inwardly also ought to be given things which heat and humect the parts: as, Take choice Canary, a quart: spanish juyce of Liquo∣rice, one ounce: dissolve it therein, let it settle, then decant the clear, and let the Sick take there∣of every day, Morning, Noon, and Night; it is a specifick in this Case; for the constant use hereof for long time does admirably warm, com∣fort and moisten the parts, and indeed alter the whole habit of the Body.

3. If the season of the year will admit, it may be drank with equal parts of Juyce of Straw∣berries, or Juyce of black Cherries, the last thing is marvelous for this purpose: The Wines made of the Juyce of Strawberries and black Cherries by fermentation, being constantly drank either alone, or mixt with the Canary, as before prepa∣red, are yet much better.

4. If it proceeds from a Melancholy habit of Body, you must use the Topicks formerly men∣tioned in the Cure of a Cephalalgia from cold and dryness, with the things even now ennume∣rated; adding also the erradication or changing of the Melancholy Habit, without which all things are done in vain: How this is performed we shall teach when we come to Treat of the Cure of Hypochondriack Melancholy, to which I shall principally refer you.

5. Yet the following things have not been used without success. Once in three Weeks or a Month, you may Purge with Pilulae de Lapide Lazuli. Or with this Infusion: Take Water, a pint: Sena, one ounce: Green Roots of Polypody, half an ounce: Salt of Tartar, one dram: make an Infusion to purge with.

6. Somtimes also may be used the Tinctura Melanagoga Grulingij, which excellently eva∣cuates the Melancholy Humor. Some commend the Diasena Nicolai, half an ounce at a time to one ounce: But it is thought that Confectio Ha∣mech given alone, from half an ounce to six drams, exceeds most other things.

7. Thus Compounded it is good for weak Constitutions: Take Confectio Hamech, one ounce: Cassia extracted, or Diaprunum Lenitivum, or Catholicon, two ounces: mix them for two or three Doses.

8. If the Stomach be foul, let the Vinum Elleboratum be given half a Spoonful at a time with an ounce of Oxymel, and as much Wine of Squills, or half an ounce of Platerus his Wal∣nut Water.

9. In the Intervals of Purging, the Sick may constantly drink Quercetans Decoction of an Ox-Spleen: Or, the Decoction of Crabs, taking also now and then Wine of Black Cherries, Pope Adrian his Wine; or what is most transcen∣dent the Musked Wine of Mynsicht, for that Musk and Ambergrise are great Specificks against all manner of Head-achs whatsoever: To these things you may add great openers.

XLIII. The Cure of a Cephalaea or old Head-ach in a cold and moist Constitution.

1. If the Disease be recent, and the Pain not very vehement, it may be Cured almost af∣ter the same manner, and with the same Medi∣cament

which we prescribed for a Cephalalgia proceeding from a cold and moist Cause.

2. However, notice is to be taken whether the Diseases be Simple of it self, or conjoyned with any other; as this is for the most part with the Scurvy, in which latter Cause, that we may here speak once for all: What Medicaments soever we shall prescribe for the Cure of a Ce∣phalaea, are always to be mixed with such things as are proper against the Disease Conco∣mitant; for otherwise you will always miss of the end.

3. As Antiscorbuticks with Cephalicks in a Scorbutick Cephalaea; Hystericks with Cepha∣licks, in an Hysterick Cephalaea; Melanagogues with Cephalicks, in a Hypochondriach Cephalaea; Carminatives with Cephalicks in a windy Ce∣phalaea, &c.

4. This being understood, we are to consi∣der, whether the Pain be without the Skull or within, if without the Skull, discussive Topicks are first to be applyed, such as Bread hot out of the Oven, which is to be laid on as hot as can be endured, and it may be laid on of it self (the Crummy side next the Skin) or moistned with Oyl of Rosemary, or Sassafras, which have a great Power both to discuss and ease pain, and this thing ought to be oft repeated till such time as the pain is apparently mastered.

5. But if so be that by this means no ease can be procured, the Hair ought to be Shav'd off, and this following Cataplasm to be applyed: Take ordinary houshold Bread, a pound: Oyl of Ro∣ses, or of Poppies, four ounces: Extract of Opium, half an ounce: mix them, and apply them warm.

6. The Pain being by this means eased, let the Hair be Shav'd off from all those places where the Pain is; or, if you please from the whole Head and let a Blistering Plaster be made of the common Vesicatory of the Shops, strew∣ing thereupon Cantharides in pouder moistned with Vinegar; or, a Vesicatory may be made by mixing a sufficient quantity of Pouder of Can∣tharides with sour Leaven, and apply it after the manner of a Cataplasm; the Blister being drawn, the Skin is to be taken away, and it ought to be kept runing by the Application of Emplastrum de Meliloto.

7. When it is healed, after some few days, this work ought to be repeated again, at least three or four times; and whereas it is a stubborn and rebellious Disease, of very difficult Cure; so there ought to be an unweariedness of Mind in the application of Remedies, and they ought to be such as have a certain power and force to take away the Disease even by the Roots.

8. The application of the Vesicatories being over, that we may derive from the Fountain, and prevent (if possible) a new return of the Pain. Errhins ought to be used or a Sternutatory of great Power, such is that of Deckers made of Turbith Mineral and Pouder of Liquorice; for that makes such an ample evacuation, being but twice or thrice used, as would be beyond belief to be expressed in Words.

9. Inwardly you may Purge the Body with Our Family Pills without Aloes, and with Pilu∣lae Lunares, which may be given alternatively for three or four times.

10. If there be a foulness of the Stomach, the Sick may take the Vomiting Syrup of Sala, or the Emetick Tartar of Mynsicht from three grains to six.

11. Outwardly the Coronal Sutures, and in∣deed the whole Head may be anointed with Oyl of Amber twice a day, or bathed three or four times a day with the Powers of Rosemary, or Amber, or both; which being used for eight or ten dayes, let the Sick apply over the whole Head, being fresh Shaved Emplastrum Cepha∣licum, to comfort and recreate the Brain and animal Spirits, and to perfect and confirm the Cure.

12. The Sick all this while, constantly smel∣ling to and taking up the Nostrils, Powers of Rosemary, of Sassafras, or of Oranges, because they not only comfort the Brain, and restore the profligated Spirits, but also mightily heat and dry all the parts of the Head and Brain, where∣by the Conjunct Cause is prevented.

13. If the Pain be within the Skull, we must begin with inward Medicaments, to wit, such as may make a strong Derivation: Take Sulphur of Antimony, four grains: Rosin of Jallap, five

grains: Tartar Emetick, one grain: mix, and give it in Conserve of Roses or Violets, it Vomits well.

14. If the Disease be inveterate and very stubborn, Take Turbith Mineral, four or five grains: Confectio Hamech, a dram and half: mix them, and give it with a good Government. Or, Take Griphus Mercurij, four grains: Re∣sin of Jallap, five grains: Conserves of Rosema∣ry, or Betony-flowers, two drams: mix them for a Dose. Or, Take Scammony, ten grains: Crocus Metallorum, four grains: Tartar Vi∣triollated, sixteen grains: mix them for a Dose, it evacuates notably and strongly, and with a great deal of vehemency, yet safely. Or thus: Take Tartar vitriolated, a scruple: Scamony, twelves grains: Cambogiae, six grains: Crocus Metallorum, four grains: mix them for a Pou∣der for one Dose: it mightily evacuates cold, moist, pituitous, and watery Humours from the Head.

15. But in more delicate Bodies where such strong things as these cannot be given, you may purge with this following: Take Pilulae Aleo∣phanginae, Pilulae de succino, of each half a dram: Resin or Jallap, seven grains: Oyl of Lavender, five of six drops, make all up into a Mass of Pills, for two Doses.

16. Dr. Willis prescribes this following Pou∣der: Take Diagridum, ten grains: Ceruse of An∣timony, fifteen grains: Cream of Tartar, eight grains: mix them, and make a Pouder to be taken early in the Morning.

17. If these things do no good, there is a ne∣cessity, that we come to our last internal Reme∣dies, which are Pilulae Lunares before men∣tioned, the Hercules Bovij, and the Aurum Vitae Sennerti, of which the first two, or all the three may be given one after another alternately, with a due interval between each Dose.

18. If the Belly be bound, or subject to be Costive; let this following Clyster be admini∣stred: Take Milk, a pint: Infusion of Crocus Me∣tallorum, four ounces: common Oyl of Camo∣mil, three ounces: Oyl of Aniseeds, half a dram, Benedicta Laxativa, two drams: mix and make a Clyster to be exhibited warm with a Clyster Syringe.

19. For other derivations, the Errhines and Ster∣nutatories before mentioned may be used with good success, and Cauteries either Actual or Potential may be applyed to the Soles of the Feet, for that by the Authority of Zacutus Lusi∣tanus, they derive from the Head wonderfully, and somtimes Cure beyond all Immagination, even where the Patient has been left as it were without remedy and hope.

20. Outwardly, the Head may be anointed with choice, spirituous, and volatile things; as Cephalick Oyls and Balsams, which being done for some few days, over the whole Head may be applied Emplastrum de Saponis either alone of it self, or mixt with a half part of Emplastrum Paracelsi.

21. If these things prevail not, you ought to apply Vesicatories, as we have taught in the former Section; after which Narcoticks may be inwardly given, or outwardly applyed.

22. The Paroxysm being over, and the Pain eased, as also the original Cause being taken away by proper Revulsives and Derivatives: it remains that we shew now how to strengthen the parts; viz. as well all the Internal Viscera as the Brain, its Vessels and Teguments, that by the confirming them in a healthful Tone, we may prevent for the future a new return of the Disease.

23. And in the first place, all those things are to be avoided, as Food, which create, or breed, cold, moist and pituitous Humours; the Sick ought to abstain from too much Drinking, Glut∣tony and Sleeping in the Day time; his Food ought to be made of things heating and drying, his Bread ought to be Biscuit, his Drink a small Decoction of Guajacum with Carminative Seeds, taking also now and then to comfort the Spirits and Animal Faculties, a glass of generous Wine or Hippocrass.

24. The Wine of Pope Adrian is here of migh∣ty use, so also the Vin. Sanctum, the Vin. Cephali∣cum, the Vinum Claretum Stomachicum the Vi∣num Stomachicum Mylij or the Vinum Mos∣chatum Mynsichti once a day, or twice a Day, as need shall require.

25. Once a Week, or once in 14 days as need shall require the Body may be Purged with Vinum Hydrogogum Barbetti, or the Vinum Purgans Catholicum Horstij, or the Vinum Absinthia∣cum Laxativum, all which not only open the Body, and keep the Belly soluble; but also do derive very much from the Head.

26. In an Antiscorbutick Head-ach, Dr. Willis commends this following Electuary: Take Conserves of Fumitory, Tansy, and Wood Sorrel, of each two ounces: Pouder of Aron Com∣pound, three drams: Ivory, Crabs-Eyes, Co∣ral all prepared, of each a dram and half: Pou∣der of yellow Sanders, of Wood of Aloes, of each half a dram: Vitriol of Mars, one dram: salt of Wormwood, one dram and half: with the Sy∣rup of the five opening Roots, a sufficient quan∣tity make an Electuary: The Dose, the quanti∣ty of a Chesnut, early in the Morning fasting, and at five in the Afternoon; drinking after it, one ounce or two of choice Wormwood Water, or Angelica the greater Composition.

27. Or, this following Julep may be given to three ounces: Take Water of Vervain, Water of Elder-flowers, of Aaron leaves, of each six ounces: Aqua Limacum & Lumbricorum Magistralis, of each two ounces: Sugar, one ounce: mix, and dissolve.

28. Moreover for change of Medicaments, and that the use of any one may not become Fa∣miliar, it will be good to take somtimes Elixir Proprietatis, Elixir Vitrioli Mynsichti, Tinctura Piperis Nigri, Tinctura Sacra, Vitriola Martis, Hiera Picra, Pulvis Ari Compositus, Diates∣seron, Pulvis Antepilepticus, species Alexiphar∣macae Nostrae; and Our Magisterial Antepilep∣tick Pouder.

29. Some commend the species Diaolibani Mynsichti: species Diamajoranae, as Mynsicht says, Cures an inveterate Headach when all other things fail; he sets also an high value on species Diapeti used as a Sneezing Pouder: For that it cleanses the Head and Brain of all cold, moist, salt, viscous and pituitous Humours, and strengthens the Head and Brain, whereby it becomes prevalent in all Head-achs, Catarrhs, Vertigoes, Epilepsies, Lethargies, and other the like Diseases, proceeding from the Obstruction of the Brain, and the aforesaid superfluous Hu∣mours, you must snuff up the quantity of a great Pea every Night going to Bed, about two hours after Supper; it largely draws away all evil Humours both thick and thin.

30. This may be taken early in the Morning: Take Conserves of Betony-flowers, and of Rose∣mary-flowers, pouder of Male Peony-roots, and Misleto of the Oak, of each half an ounce: Pearls, red Coral prepared, of each one ounce and half: pouder of Wood of Aloes, and yellow San∣ders, choice Musk, of each a dram and half: Ambergrise, half a dram: with syrup of Peony-flowers a sufficient quantity make an Electuary, of which the quantity of a Chesnut may be ta∣ken every Morning and Evening.

31. Also Tincture of Antimony, spirit of Sal Armoniack spir. de Cornu Bovis, and spir. of Mans Skull, may now and then be taken in the Day, in a Glass of generous Wine.

32. Lastly, if it be a Body full of evil Hu∣mours, it will be necessary, either that the Seton be applyed to the Nape of the Neck, and the Wound to be kept open for three or four months; or otherwise, that one, two, or more Issues be made, and be kept continually open, either in one or both Arms, or in both Thighs a little above the Knee.

33. But Experience confirms the application of a Cautery to both the Soles of the Feet, and to be kept running for a long time, for that they evacuate the Head after a remarkable manner of all cold and moist Humors; and not only the Head, but many other parts of the Body, yea sometimes even to the changing of the whole Habit.

34. Zacutus Lusitanus propounds four Re∣medies confirm'd by Experience, to wit, an Is∣sue in the back of the Hand, Horse-Leeches to the Temples, viz. ten or twelve, that a large quan∣tity of Blood may be drawn away, opening of a Vein in the Forehead, and the Vein in the Cor∣ner of the Eye.

35. Herein these things are to be Noted, 1. That the Issue betwixt the Thumb and the Fore-finger, has Cured many great Head-achs. 2. That the number of Horse Leeches ought to be large, whence comes a great attraction of the Blood, whereby the whole Cause of the Disease

is drawn away. 3. That the Vein of the Fore∣head ought to be twice or thrice opened: for, that the first opening is insufficient for the in∣tended purpose; the same understand of the Vein in the corner of the Eye.

36. Faelix WurtZ opened the Arteries of the Temples for the same purpose, which Experiment he proved upon himself, after all other Reme∣dies failed, this thing is approv'd of by Paraeus, who says, It may be done without danger.

37. The Artery is opened as a Vein, and six, or eight ounces of Blood may be taken leaping forth, afterwards a convenient Bolster, and Li∣gature is to be applyed, which is not to be open∣ed in four days, or a Plaster of Frankincense, Mastich, fine Bole, Hares-hair, with the white of an Egg.

38. Botallus does also confirm the opening of an Artery for this purpose, and says, That they do miraculously Cure old Headachs; and Riverius says, He has Cured many desperate ones the same way, and never found any danger.

39. A Cautery sometimes upon the Coronal Suture has perfectly Cured a most violent Head-ach. But Poterius says, It is confirmed by Experience, that the Cautery will be more powerful, if applyed to the Temples.

40. Lastly, says Riverius, when all other things fail, and by reason of the greatness of the Pain, we are forc'd to run to Extremities, the Head is to be Shaven, and a Vesicatory is to be applyed all over it; but this is to be noted, That sometimes the Vesicatory is to be repeated two, three, or four times, concerning which of late I have had a notable Experiment.

XLIV. The Pathology of the Megrim, and first of the Notation thereof.

1. The Name. It is called in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in Latin Hemicrania, & Dolor Capitis Latera∣lis, and in English the Megrim.

2. The Definition. It is a vehement pain in one half of the Head, to wit, either in the Right or Left side thereof, afflicting either the Tegu∣ments without the Skull, or the Menings of the Brain within.

3. The Kinds. It is first, either within or without the Skull, as are the other Head-achs: secondly, it is either gentle, or with vehemency of Pain: thirdly, it is either accidental, agreeing in quality with a Cephalalgia or Habitual, com∣ing near the Nature of a Cephalaea: fourthly, Idiopathetick in the part afflicted, or Sympathe∣tick from consent of other parts: fifthly, it is either Natural, as being Haereditary, or from a native weakness of the Brain, or ill Confor∣mation of the Bones of the Head: or, praeter∣natural from a Fracture of the Cranium, or an afflux of preternatural Humours.

XLV. The signs of the Megrim, or half pain of the Head.

1. The Pathognomick sign by which a Megrim is known, is Pain afflicting one Side of the Head, and by which we distinguish betwixt the Me∣grim or half Headach, and the Pain of the whole Head.

2. Sometimes the Pain is more towards the Occiput, or hinder part of the Head, sometimes more towards the Sinciput, or forepart of the Head, or near the Root of the Eye on that side which is pained.

3. The other signs agree with those in a Ce∣phalalgia, or a Cephalaea; if it be without the Skull, the Head is for the most part so soar, that it can∣not be touch'd; if it be within the Skull that Soarness is wanting, and the Pain is the more vehement.

4. If it be Accidental, it never comes but upon extraordinary occasions and accidents; but if it be Habitual, it returns either at set Periods of time, or keep an uncertain irregular Course, being excited without any apparent Cause, con∣tinuing long, and that with vehemency almost to Distraction.

5. If it be Idiopathetick, for the most part all other parts of the Body are found and well; but if it be by Consent from other parts, the parts sympathizing are afflicted with some previous Symptom or Disease.

6. If it be Haereditary or from a native weak∣ness of the Brain; the Paroxysm is stirred up, even upon the very least occasion.

7. If it be from a bad Conformation, there is for the most part a continual dull pain, with scarcely any Intermissions.

8. If it be from a Fracture of the Skull, it is known by that accident going before, and the

Pain constantly upon the return of the Paroxysm afflicting the same place.

XLVII. The Cause of the Megrim.

1. The general Causes of this Disease are the same which we assigned to be the Causes of the other Headachs, and therefore are needless to be repeated here.

2. The particular Cause of the internal Pain, is from its beginning at the beating of the Tem∣ples, and going to the Sagital, or Arrow-like Suture, dividing the Head long ways; for that both the Tunicles are distinct with the Brain long-ways in the middle of the Skull, the Brain being divided laterally by a kind of Septum.

3. So that it comes to pass, that if the first rise and prime motive of the Disease, be on both sides, that both halves of the Head are pained; but if on one side only, then only one half of the Head is pained, which is the true Cause of the Megrim.

XLVII. The Prognosticks, or Judgments of the Megrim.

1. If it be without the Skull, or accidental it is easy to be Cured, so also if it be gentle and not vehement, and the pain stays no long time.

2. If it be inveterate, vehement, the Paroxysm of a long continuance, & its return again speedy, after a few days, the Cure will be very difficult.

3. So also if it rises from a Melancholy Habit, or from a Fracture of the Cranium, or of a cold and moist Temperature.

4. If it be Haereditary, or from a native weak∣ness of the Brain, or from an ill conformation of the parts of the Head, the Disease is for the most part Incurable.

XLVIII. The Therapia, or Method of Cure.

1. The Cure of this Disease differs but a little from those of a Cephalalgia and a Cephalaea; for according to which of them it comes nearest, so you must direct the Intentions of Curing; and to which places we shall principally refer you.

2. However these following things are to be observed; first, that the Belly be kept always so∣luble, and if the Sick goes not once or twice a day to Stool, that sharp Clysters be given, made of Mutton Broth, Oyl, Infusion of Crocus Metal∣lorum and Confectio Hamech; for that they no∣tably derive from the Superiour parts.

3. And that the disposition of the Bowels, may be Laxative, these following Pills may be given: Take Pilulae Hiera simple, one dram: Pilulae Arabicae, a dram and half: yellow My∣robalans, half a dram: Rhubarb, two scruples: Spicknard, ten grains: make all into a Mass of Pills with syrup of Staechas; of which two scru∣ples or more may be taken early in the Morning, or presently after Mid-night.

4. If the Constitution be cold and moist, and abounds with many pituitous humours, these Pills following may be given: Take Pilulae ex duo∣bus, a dram and half: Resin of Jallap, half a dram: Oyl of Lavender, or of Rosemary, twelve drops: make Pills, and let twenty five grains be given at a time, or more.

5. Or, in place hereof, the constant use of Pi∣lulae Lunares, once a Week, for a quarter or half a year together is to be admitted.

6. If from the constant use thereof, the Sick shall be in danger of a Leucophlegmatia or Ana∣sarca, which is a certain kind of Dropsy, the use of the said Pill is for some time to be for∣born, and the Viscera are to be comforted and strengthened by giving a dram, or a dram and half of Venice Treacle, for three or four Nights together, going to Bed; after which the use of the Pill may be repeated as before.

7. Secondly, If it be by consent from other parts, that you have always a respect to their af∣fections; if there be a weakness, foulness of Stomach, want of Digestion, Loathing, Vomiting, or a pain at the Stomach, you ought to give a proper Vomit, some such a one as we have for∣merly prescribed.

8. If it arises from the Womb, you are to mingle Hystericks with Cephalicks, in this Case you may Purge with Pilulae ex duobus, mixt with Pilulae Foetidae, or Pouder of Castoreum, or Mans Skull, or Spirit or Oyl of Mans Skull, or of Hartshorn, or you may make a mixture with Assa foetida, &c.

9. Thirdly, the proper Topicks are to be apply∣ed, such are Cataplasms of hot Bread, or baked Turneps, split in the middle and sprinkled with Oyls of Rosemary, Sassafras, or Amber. Or this: Take Wild Ox, or Goats dung, Frankin∣cense, of each alike, with Vinegar make an Em∣plaster, which apply warm.

10. Afterwards, That the Head be continual∣ly kept anointing Morning and Evening, with this following Oyl: Take Oyl of Nutmegs by expression, one ounce: Chymical Oyls of Rose∣mary, of Sassafras, of Amber, and of sweet Mar∣joram, or Savin, of each one dram: mix them to anoint withal.

11. Fourthly, Where the Disease is invete∣rate, and will be brought to yield to no Remedies, the Hair ought to be Shav'd off, and a Vesicato∣ry is to be applyed over the half of the Head Pained, which ought indeed to be repeated 2, 3, or 4 times; after which the Soar place being Skinned, a Cataplasm of green Vervain, Rue, & Wormwood, made by beating in a Mortar, is to be applyed for many days, Morning and Evening.

12. You may apply ten or twelve Leeches as Zacutus Lusitanus does advise, to the Temples and Forehead on that side the pain is, which for the most part Cures; but if these things do not, you may, saith Riverius, open the Temporal Ar∣teries, and draw six or seven ounces of Blood, which is not only once to be done; but also to be reiterated twice or thrice if need so requires.

13. And it will not be amiss, if a Cautery was applyed to the Coronal Suture, or rather, if it be done by a Skillful Man, to the Temple of the afflicted side.

14. Some have been Cured by applying a kind of Cataplasm made of Euphorbium, dissol∣ved in Vinegar, others have been Cured, by ha∣ving Cauteries applyed to the Soles of both the Feet, which has been of a most incredible Advan∣tage; the reason of which is apparent from the great consent of the parts.

15. But as the last and ultimate Remedy, all or most of the former things having been first tryed; we must have recourse to Narcoticks, outwardly you may bath with Tincture of Opi∣um, and anoint with Oyl of Poppy-seeds, or with this following: Take Oyl of Poppy, or Hen∣bane seeds, two ounces: Opium extracted, and inspissated to the thickness of Honey, half an ounce: Camphir dissolved in a little spirit of Wine, a dram and half: mix all together, and let the Spirits gently evaporate, with this the par∣ty afflicted may be anointed twice or thrice a day for six, eight or ten days.

16. Afterwards the Hair being close Shaved, this following Playster may be applyed: Take Emplastrum de sapone, half a pound: Extract of Opium of the thickness of Honey, one ounce and half: Camphir dissolved in a little Oyl of Anniseeds, two drams: mix all together, and spread it upon white Linnen, and apply it to the place, and to be renewed every third or fourth day.

17. Inwardly the Sick may take Laudanum Paracelsi, or Our Laudanum, a small Pill eve∣ry Night going to Bed, beginning first with two grains, and increasing it every fifth or sixth day, half a grain, and so continuing the constant use thereof, for half a year or more, except only on those days, wherein the Sick takes some gentle Purge to Loosen the Bowels.

18. If it comes from a former Fracture of the Skull, not so well Cured as it ought to be, then the Head ought to be opened, and a piece of the Skull taken forth, and to be kept open all the days of the Patients Life: And through this whole Cure, let his Drink be continually a small Diet made of Guajacum, adding some Sarsa, Liquorice, and Carminative seeds.

XLIX Singular Observations in the Cure of a Megrim from Wind and Cold.

1. In case of flatulency or wind, the digestive Pouder following may be given every Morning fasting: Take Cremor Tartari, two drams: Foe∣cula Aronis, Foecula of Bryony, of each one dram: Salts of Wormwood and of Carduus, of each one scruple: mix, for four doses: Let it be taken in the Morning fasting, in Decoction of Parsly or Fennel roots, adding a few drops of Elixir Pro∣prietatis Paracelsi.

2. At Night going to Bed you may give this: Take Magistery of red Coral, one scruple: Ma∣gistery of Lapis spongiae, ten grains: mix in a fine Pouder, with a little Sugar Candy; give it in any fit Vehicle, and continue it for four Nights.

3. The fifth day, you may Purge with the fol∣lowing: Take Magistery of Tartar vitriolated, half a dram: Pouder of Jallap, two scruples and a half: Scammony, six grains: mix them; but if the Sick desires rather a Potion, you may give this: Take syrup of Apples Compound, one ounce and a half: Extract of Rhubarb,

half a dram: Tartar vitriolated, a scruple: De∣coction of flowers and fruits with Sena, two ounces and half: mix them. Or you may Compound it in the form of Syrup thus: Take syrup of Ap∣ples aforementioned, an ounce an half: syrup of Manna Laxative, one ounce: Panchymagoge ex∣tract, half a dram: dissolved in a little Fumitory-water, mix them. These digestives and purga∣tives you may reiterate as you see occasion.

4. This is a good experiment in all cold and flatulent Causes: Take Cephalick Treacle Wa∣ter, two ounces: Water of Swallows with Castor, one ounce: spirit of Lilly-Convally, half an ounce: mix them. Dip Linnen Cloaths therein, press them a little out, and apply to the part pained, using also Frictions before hand.

L. The Cure of a Megrim by consent from the Womb.

1. Outwardly, you may anoint with the Chy∣mical Oyls of Sweet Marjoram: Or, Bath with the Cephalick Treacle Water: Or, With the Water of Swallows with Castoreum; applying over the place pained, Gum Tacamahacca dis∣solved and spread upon Leather; for these ease the pain mightily: Inwardly give Morning and Evening Tincture of Castor.

2. Below the Navel apply this: Take Galba∣num strained and inspissated, Tacamahacca, of each six drams: mix and make a Plaster, which spread upon Leather about the breadth of the Palm of ones hand, and Eliptical in form, or somwhat roundish.

3. Or, the Head may be anointed with this: Take Oyl of Nutmegs by expression, one dram: Chymical Oyl of sweet Marjoram, one scruple: Oyl of Amber, four drops: Oyl of Cloves, two drops: mix them to anoint withal.

4. If there be withal a noise or ringing of the Ears: Take Oyl of sweet Almonds, two drams: Oyl of Nutmegs Chymical, one dram: Oyls of Carraways, Petrolaeum, of each ten drops: mix, them together, and put thereof into the Ears with a little Cotton.

5. Take Mithridate, Venice Treacle, of each a dram; Conserve of Rosmary-flowers, half an ounce; Conserve of Bawm, one ounce; mix them: Dose one dram to two, in the Morning fasting.

6. Aqua Theriacalis Cephalica, above men∣tioned: Take roots of Male Peony, of vulgar Acorus, Misleto of the Oak, of each an ounce and half; Juniper-berries, seeds of Peony, of each half an ounce; Mustard or Rocket-seed, Cloves, Mace, of each three drams; Castoreum, two drams; white Dittany, two drams and half; flowers of Lavender, of Rosmary, of Sage, of Betony, of the Tile or Line-tree, of Lilly-convally, Hops, of each a pugil; bruise and digest three days in old white Wine, three pound and half; Waters of black Cherries, of Marigolds, of Sage, of each six oun∣ces; then express all hard out, to which add Ve∣nice Treacle, an ounce and half; Confect of Ana∣cardiums, six drams; species Diambrae, 2 drams; digest three days, then distil in Balneo Mariae.

7. Aqua Hirundinum cum Castoreo, above mentioned: Take 35 live Swallows, pull off their Feathers; Castoreum, 3 ounces; roots of male Peony gathred in the decrease of the Moon, 2 oun∣ces; flowers of Lavender, Bawm, Lilly-convally, of each one handful; white Wine, two quarts; di∣gest 24 hours in a warm place; then distil.

8. Aqua Hysterica, seu Melissa Composita, aforenamed: Take fresh Bawm, 2 pound: Rue, red Sage, of each 4 ounces: Rosmary-flowers, one ounce: Bay-berries, Castoreum, Nutmegs, of each half an ounce: biting Cinnamon, Cloves, of each 2 drams: Mace, Citron-peels, Indian-spicknard, of each one dram: cut and bruise all, put them into a glass Alembick, upon which affuse a little Wine, digest 4 days in a gentle heat, and then distil off the Water.

9. Syrupus de Manna Laxativus, abovemen i∣oned: Take fresh roots of Polypody, 6 drams: Orrice-root, half an ounce: Currans, 3 ounces: fat Figs, Dates, of each six: Liquorice rasped, half an ounce: Cinnamon, half a dram: flowers of Violets, Borrage, and Bugloss, of each one pu∣gil: choise Sena, 1 ounce and half: Metheglin, 3 pints: boyl to the Consumption of one pint: strain, and dissolve therein Calabrin Manna, 3 ounces: Sugar Candy, Sugar Penides, of each one ounce: boyl to the thickness of a syrup, adding in the end a little Cinnamon-water. 'Tis excellent for Children and Infants.

LONDON, Printed for Th. Dawks, and L. Curtiss.

Notes

• Numb. 5. August 10.
• Numb. 6. August 13.
• Numb. 7. August 18.
• Numb. 8. August 20.
• Numb. 9. August. 24.
• Let this Scholia, containing [l] [m] [n] [o] [p] [q] be placed immediately after K. and Page 36.