Nine books of physick and chirurgery written by that great and learned physitian, Dr Sennertus. The first five being his Institutions of the whole body of physick: the other four of fevers and agues: with their differences, signs, and cures.

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Title
Nine books of physick and chirurgery written by that great and learned physitian, Dr Sennertus. The first five being his Institutions of the whole body of physick: the other four of fevers and agues: with their differences, signs, and cures.
Author
Sennert, Daniel, 1572-1637.
Publication
London :: printed by J.M. for Lodowick Lloyd, at the Castle in Corn-hill,
1658.
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Subject terms
Medicine -- Early works to 1800.
Medicine -- Formulae, receipts, prescriptions -- Early works to 1800.
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"Nine books of physick and chirurgery written by that great and learned physitian, Dr Sennertus. The first five being his Institutions of the whole body of physick: the other four of fevers and agues: with their differences, signs, and cures." In the digital collection Early English Books Online 2. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A59195.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 4, 2024.

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Sect. 2. Of knowing the Tempera∣ture of Mans Body, and of his Principal Parts.
CHAP. I. Of the Signs of a wholesome Body.

AFter we have spoken of the Signs in general, we come now to handle the several kinds; and be∣cause bodies are two-fold, Sound, and Sick, and there is a certain difference and latitude of a sound body, which embraces neither of these; first we are to speak in what manner the various constitutions of a sound Body, and of its parts are to be known; and go∣ing back from thence, even from a natural state may be understood how a diseased, and 'tis not difficult to discern a sound from a sick: and all those that are to be accounted for sound, who can perform all those actions

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which belong to a man. Yet how such counterfeit diseases are to be found out. Galen teaches in a peculiar Book; but since there is a great latitude of health, first of all the signs are to be proposed of the best constitution of body, which is, as it were, a rule for the rest, and to which, as to the statue of Polycletus, the natures of men of all of Ages, Sexes, Countries, and Conditions are to be com∣pared. The signs of such a Constitution, as also of o∣thers differing from it, Galen in his art of Healing, and fifth Chapter draws from two heads; first from those which essentially inhere, and which according to the na∣ture of the essence are in them. Secondly, from those which necessarily follow those in their operations and ac∣cidents.

First, therefore it is necessary that a sound body may obtain the most convenient temperature and constitution of the simular parts, fittest for all actions. Secondly, a convenient number it ought to have of organick parts, and likewise magnitude, figure, scituation, connexion with others, and all things in all respects, which are re∣quired to the constitution of a part, as it is organick. Thirdly, all the parts in order ought to be united and joined, but in respect of actions, a man that is very sound doth very well perform all the actions convenient for a man, natural, vital, and animal; So that there is no defect in them, and observes moderation in them all, and is very little subject to diseases, and withstands all the causes of diseases, violent excepted: the excrements observe their natural substance, quality, quantity, time, and convenient part on't; which to be ejected, the qua∣lities which follow the best constitution of a Body, are a rosie colour of the face, nay and of the whole body, ca∣lidity, frigidity, softnesse and hardnesse, smoothnesss and roughnesse; a sound body well constituted observes medi∣ocrity, the body is neither bald, nor too rough, but the hairs themselves keep mediocrity, and in youthfull age tend to yellownesse, in manly to blacknesse; the habit of the body is the middle betwixt too corpulent, and too slender, good flesh, and good stature, out of all which the handsomenesse of the body proceeds; yet all these most e∣vidently appear in the middle and flourishing age.

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CHAP. II. Of the Signs of Bodies differing from the best con∣stitution.

BUt Bodies which differ from the best constitutions, either are sick, which are dscerned from sound Bo∣dies, by the hurting of the actions; and the sign which distinguishes betwixt a sound and sick body, is sensible hurt of the actions; Or they are hitherto sound, which have not their actions hitherto sensibly hurt, whereof there is a great latitude, and some in the tempe∣rature of the simular parts, some in the composition of the organick parts,, some of them both deviating from the best constitution.

And first those bodies which are too hot, yet mode∣rate in drinesse and humidity, such discover themselves to the touch, hair abounds in the whole body, and is yellow and thick. They are thinner, as to matter of fat: they are swift and strong for motion, prone to an∣ger, the colour of the face is redder then of a temperate body, they are easily hurt by hot causes.

If drynesse be joined to the heat, which they call chol∣leick, the body shall be hot, hard, thin, and lean, hairy, and the hairs are black, culed, the Puise of the Arteries are great, and the Veins great, they are angry persons, which are endued with such a temperature, obstinate le∣vers of brawlings, they desire few things, they are fit for the generation of Males.

If moisture be joyned to the heat, which temperament they call Sanguine, the bodies shall be hot, and soft, a∣bounding with much blood, fleshy, endued with large Veins, and those which are so in their youth, often have the Hemorrhoides of the Nose; and if the humidity somewhat abound, they are apt from their youth to dis∣cases of putrifaction.

If the body be too cold, such a body is perceived by the touch, 'tis white, at, slow, soft and baid, 'tis easily hurt by cold things, it hath a narrow brest, and without hair, and narrow veins scarcely appearing, the hairs are thin

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and of small increase for the most part, they are fearfull that are of that temperament.

If moisture be joined to the cold, not much, nor that coldnesse great, the body shall be white in colour, fat, thick, soft, red hair, inclining to palenesse; but if the fri∣gidity with the humidity be more intense, the body shall be thick, coloured yellow, exceeding bald, the hair smooth, the veins lying hid, such temperaments are dull and slow of apprehension, and for the most part altogether idle, no wayes ready, simple, and not prone to anger.

If frigidity is joined to drinesse, such a body is discer∣ned by the touch, those shall be lean, bald, pale, which are of such a constitution they are slow in going on, de∣jected in countenance with their eyes fixed.

And for what belongs to Melancholians in particular, not onely whom the vulgar, but whom Aristotle in the thirtieth Section, and first Probleme accounts ingenious; wherein the said Aristotle writes that much and cold choller is black; these are foolish, and idle, wherein there is much and hot choller, those are quick-sighted, and ingenious, apt to love, propense to anger and lust, and some greater bablers: but those whose heat is more remiss, more temperate, and as it were reduced to mediocrity, those are much more prudent, and although they less exceed in some matters; yet in others they are far better then the others, some in the study of Literature, others in Arts, others in Common-wealths; namely, those Melancholians are ingenious, who by nature abound with good and plenty of blood, wherewith some part thicker and dryer is mingled, which adds, as it were, strength to the blood, and when attenuated, and, as it were, poured, it is spiritual.

And whereas the differences of bodies are constituted according to Astrologers, and according to the num∣ber of Planets. Those that are born under Saturn have a dry skin, black hair, and are delighted with those black things; they have little eyes, small pulse, a slow and dull gate, they are fearful, sad, love solitude, they are busie∣bodies, covetous, slow of endeavouring, silent, laborious, they have terrible and obscure dreams.

Those under Jupiter are fair, and have rosie counte∣nances, with a pleasant and venerable aspect, they have

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black eyes, are of a fit stature, and handsome composure of all the parts, their habit of body is good, flesh, blood and spirits, pure and in great plenty; hence they are milde, joyful, ingenious, bountiful, moderate lovers of friends, just, and all their manners composed with come∣liness, and their gate is moderate.

Those under Mars abound with choller, have a lean body, rather then a fat, have red faces and shadowed, bur∣ning and threatning eyes, a broad brest, an upright neck, they are propense to anger, contentious, bold, and often precipitate, contemners of danger, seditious,

Those under Sol are of a yellowish, or a Saffron colour tending to red, they have yellow hair, golden, and cur∣led, black eyes, swelling, full faces, moderate garbs, and have hotter blood and spirits; hence they are courteous, wise, open hearted, honest, strong, magnificent, and aspi∣ring to high things, and sometimes proud.

Those under Venus are faire, coming nigh to the fe∣minine beauty, and softness, delicate colour is red, or of white, inclining to red, their eyes shining, sparkling, and casting lacivious looks, the brows and lips thin, they are quiet, joyful, pleasant in conversation, delighted with jests, company, singing, delighted with Musick, lacivious and principally love neatness, and ornaments of the body,

Those under Mercury are rather little in body then great, in face somewhat pale, they have little eyes, and those buried within their orbs, thin lips and nose, and youthful face in manly years, very thin beard, quick voice, light spirits, whence they are wise, subtile, studi∣ous of sects, and subtile things; prevalent in memory, eloquent, but unconstant, and sometimes also crafty, de∣ceitful, witty lyars.

Those under the Moon are great in body, fat, thick, white, unstable, and sometimes delighted with one thing, and sometimes with another.

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CHAP. III. Of the signs of the constitution of the brain.

NOw follows that which belongs to the constitu∣tion or parts, and first of the Brain; although a just constitution of the Brain be necessary to per∣form animal actions proper to the Brain, yet to perform them, a right composition and conformation of the head, and of the brain depending thereon, do much avail; wherefore following Galen in the art of Physick, we will propound in the first place certain signs of the constituti∣on of the brain, drawn from the figure and magnitude of the head.

A little head if the body be great is an ill sign, for the brain also in such a head is little, because it will generate but few animal spirits, or if it doth generate animal spirits enough, yet they cannot be moved well enough in so narrow a oom, but either being pen'd in they stick, or being stir'd up they move too violent, whence the animal actions are the weaker; and those that have such a body are unstable, and do many things inconsiderately; the brain also in a little head for the most part is intemperate and dry, and it argues unaptness, and debility of hear, and of matter in their formation, and especially a little head is naught, if it also have an ill shape.

A great head if it be well shaped, and have the joining parts, as, to wit, the neck, the spine of the back, and all the Nerves correspondent, it signifies the brain is well constituted, and is a token that the formative ver∣tue is powerful, which can rightly inform and elaborate plentiful matter; but if that be wanting, it signifies only plenty of matter: but weak power, which is unfit for such matter, and therefore is no token of a good consti∣tution of the head, and such for the most part are dull and unapt.

The natural and best figure of the head is most like to a sphear, gently prest on each side, so that that com∣pression may be lengthned from the ears towards the fore∣part, and those which have that excell in wit, judgment,

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and memory, are strong in body, but those which differ from that best figure are generally accounted Phoxa, that is, vitious; figure, namely, to wit, wherein the anteri∣or part, or posterior, or both of them are deficient in their excellency, so that either behind, or before, or up∣ward, such heads seem ugly; but if some excellency be deficient, and the rest well raised up, or grows narrow at top, Galen calls it a••••itious formation of growing sharp. and those which have this figure of the head, are the most unwise, impudent, fraudulent, and most basely cor∣rupted with other vices, that there be a rising up of the hinder part of the head, and the other bones answer to it, is a good sign, for much good matter is present, if it have a handsome figure also, not else: but if in a thin, too long, and a weak neck, the hinder part onely riseth up in greatnesse, or is deformed; 'tis an ill sign, and sig∣nifies onely plenty of unprofitable matter, and weaknesse of the formative faculty. The former part of the head, the hinder part not being altogether deficient in rising up, if it be more lifted up is a good figure, and all the senses are well; and therefore 'tis no ill sign, but on the contrary, if that magnitude be joyned with a deformed figure, and the senses are weak, it signifies imbecility of the formative faculty; those whose fore-heads are low, have weak senses, and are stupid, yet they often have good memories, and strength of body; on the other side, those whose hinder parts of the head are not raised enough up, have all their senses whole, but are destitute of me∣mory and strength of body; but those that lack raising up before and behind, and the head riseth much in the middle, are called Oxucephaloi, sharp pointed, those are unfit for all animal actions, and weak through the nar∣rownesse of the brain; if the head grow great neer the ears on each side, it is a token of unfit matter, and of a weak motive faculty.

But for what belongs to the constitution of the brain, they manifestly shew themselves by their animal actions, and those things that follow them; namely, a temperate brain, doth perform all animal actions well; unlesse there be any fault in the organs of the external senses, it easily resists external hurts, and injuries. Its excrements are moderate in all, and are cast out at convenient places,

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especially the Palate, their sleep is moderate, their hair in Infants are yellowish, in Boyes more yellow, in young Men yellow; in figure indifferent betwixt curled and strait, nor doth it soon fall off, nor they become bald.

Those which have a hot brain are changeable in their opinions, swift in motion, ripe in their wits, they use lit∣tle sleep, and not very sound, the excrements of their heads are few and concocted, so that no error be com∣mitted in their dyet, they are easily offended by hot things, their face is redder, and veins apparent in their eyes, their hair soone grows, and soon falls away, 'tis strong, thick, and curled, and for the most part tends to blacknesse.

These which have a cold brain, their senses are slower and weaker, and their apprehension, memory, and wit dull, and the motion of their body, not so lively and quick; They are moderately inclined to sleep, they a∣bound with excrements of the brain, although they are not full of braines; from without they are easily offend∣ed by cold things, which easily occur, especially by the north wind: those parts which are neer their heads are neither so warm to those that touch them, nor so red to those that behold them, and the veins which are in their eyes are not so discernable, their hair is strait and reddish at middle age, bred more slowly, yet they are lasting; first they are thin, but age coming on they are more burley.

Those which have a dry brain have sharp senses, pier∣cing and subtile, they are very watchful, and have very few excrements, strong hair, and often curled, which do so soon grow, and soon fall away, and are hurt by dry∣ing things.

Those which have moist braines their senses are duller and more turbulent, they are accustomed to much and profound sleep, they have store of excrements, thin hair, soft, whitish, and durable; and they are seldome or never bald, they are comforted by dry things, and offended by moit.

Those who have a hot and dry braine, are ingenious, and industrious in taking in hand, and performing of business, the force of apprehension is most exquisite in

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them, and they are fit for motion, yet more active for the most part, then behooves them to be, they are also most vigilant and sleep very little, and have few excre∣ments of the brain; to those that touch them, their head appears hot, their face until they come to full ripeness of years is red, afterwards the heat decaying more pale, they are offended with air, and other hot and dry things.

Those which have a hot and moist brain, if either qua∣lity a little exceed, the excrements of their heads are ma∣ny, the colour of the head is white, mingled with red, the veins in the eyes great, the hair strait and yellowish, and do not easily fall away; they are easily hurt by heating things, and are pained in the head, and many excrements are collected to the other especially, if they are moist, but if both qualities abound, the senses are not so sharp, they cannot watch long, yet their sleep is not pleasing and continued, they have divers dreams, and strange ones, their heads are obnoxious to many diseases; since it col∣lects more excrements then it can discusse, they are easily hurt by heating, and moistning things, and principally by the South Wind; but if one quality overcome the other, there shall be more evident signs of the one, and more obscure of the other, which is to be taken notice of in the other temperaments also.

Those which have a cold and dry brain are too ripe witted, but in process of time, sharpness of the wit and senses abateth, and they grow old and dye before their time; especially if a distemper of the Heart and Liver concur with that of the Brain; the same are unhealthy, and are easily offended by external causes, by cold aire, and error in their dyet; the head to the touch is cold, nor have they good complexions, unless they have the better colour, from the hot distemper of the Heart and Liver, the Veins of the Eyes do not appear, their hair grows slow, and is thin and reddish, and if the dryness overcome the cold they are well,

Lastly, whosoever have cold and moist brains, are slow and dull of apprehension, and their senses not so sharp; they collect many excrements, they sleep much and sound, they are easily offended with the coldness and moi∣sture of the air, and are apt to cold distillations; they have long and soft hair, and whitish from their child∣hood, they are never bald.

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CHAP. IV. Of the signs of the constitution of the heart.

IF the heatt be temperate, mediocrity is observed in its motion, the Pulse of the Arteries and respiration, and those who have such a heart, they are endued with good manners, not effeminate, nor mad headed, or an∣gry, but humane, not covetous, nor prodigal, but liberal, not dissemblers, nor proud, but candid, without haugh∣tiness of mind, benigne, temperate, not precipitate, nor medlers; nor busie-bodies, but mature in counsels, not envious, but desirous of others good.

Those who have a hot heart, their whole body is hot, the motion of the heart, the pulse, respiration, through urgent use, exceeds all mediocrity in magnitude, celeri∣ty, and frequency, they are couragious, and swift, and unweary of undertaking enterprises, and bold in under∣going dangers: they are rough, and full of brisilely hairs in their brest, and the brest in comparison of the head is great.

The signs of a cold heart, are contrary to those which are of a hot, the whole body is less hot, unless the liver be hotter, the motion of the heart, puise, and respiration when custome doth not so require it, is not so great, and sometimes small and slow, if there be a greater recesse to frigidity; and such a heart argues slowness to anger, fear, distrust, slothfulness, and lingering; whence such are ef∣feminare, contemners of glory and honour, their brests are without hairs, and in comparison of their heads little.

Whose heart soever is dry, their pulse is hard, they are not prompt to anger, but being stin'd up to anger are implacable and mad, and they can dissemble their anger, they are obstinate, and covetous, the whole body for the most part is too dry, unlesse the moisture of the liver cor∣rect it.

Moreover be whose heart is too moist, his pulse is soft, they are apt to ane, but easily pleased, the habit of the body is dryer, except the dryness of the liver resist it.

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The signs of a hot and dry heart are a hard pulse, great swift, frequent, great respiration, swift and frequent, those who have such a heart are fit to take in hand and perform actions, couragious and bold, apt to anger, and unplacable, envious, proud, and if there be excess of heat, and drouth, are mad, cruel, unmerciful, and sparing none; the same are hairy, especially in the Brests and Hypocon∣dries, the whole body is hot and dry, unlesse the consti∣tution of the Liver hinder it, the Brest broad and wide.

The signs of a hot and moist heart, are soft pulses, great, swift, and frequent, and the respiration answers to the pulse, so that the brest answers to the heat of the heart, and those who have such a constitution of the heart, are industrious, and prompt to actions, and not wild, they are apt to be angry, yet it is not sharp and durable, but placable, and this temperature, so that humidity do not too much exceed, most fit to prolong life, but if the hu∣midity doth much overcome the heat, putrifaction is ea∣sily caused, and putted fevers are generated.

Those who are cold and moist in the heart, bring forth a soft pulse, little, slow, thin, those which have such a temperament, are not bold, but fearfull, and distrustfull, effeminate, slow, and not apt to anger, and if they are stirred up to anger, it is not violent, but easily appeased, they are also gentle, shame-faced, desperate in adversity, and altogether endued with a soft and effeminate mind, their brests are bare, and the whole body, and the brest answers to simple constitutions in amplitude.

Moreover in those who have a cold and dry heart, there is found in the pulse hardness, smallness, thinness, and slowness, and such is their breathing, if their breasts be ample, they are no ways propense to anger, but being stirr'd up, and as it were forced to anger, retaine it very long, they are also covetous, and of all others most naked in the brest.

Yet here you are to be admonished, that those things which are spoken of signes, of the moral actions by Phy∣sitians, are not of acquired manners, and such as are com∣pleated by education, discipline, and custome, but are to be understood of the native and congenite manners, which Galen calls Hormas,; and when Physitians tell us that manners follow the constitution of the body, that

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is to be taken of the native and ingenite manners, not such as are acquired.

CHAP. V. Of the signs of the constitution of the Liver.

IF the Liver be temperate, the habit of the whole body is in the middle, betwixt being too fat, and too lean, the colour of the body is rosie, and for the most part, the rest of the signs appear, which are found in a tempe∣rate body, the Urine is excellent.

If the Liver be too hot, yellow Choller abounds, and in middle age black, or chollerick, and adust blood, the Veins are broad, and ample, the whole body more hot, the Belly and Hypocondries rough and hairy; and those which have such a constitution of Liver, are carried away by pleasures, especially by meat and drink, they are of∣fended with hot meats and drinks, and hot air; but cold air and cold meat and drink help them; their Panch is dry, they are thirsty, unless the coldness and moisture of the stomach hinder it, and they are very obnoxious to het diseases.

In a cold Liver all things are contrary, the veins are strait, the blood colder; and hence the whole body col∣der, except the heat of the Heart hinder it, the belly smooth.

The signs of a dry Liver, are little blood, and thick hard veins, and the habit of the whole body thin or lean.

The signs of a moist Liver, are abundance of blood, and that thin and watrish, and the whole body more moist.

The signs of a hot and dry are amplitude and hard∣ness of veins, and hotter blood, thicker, and dryer; the Hypocondris are exceeding rough, and the whole body hotter and dryer.

But if the Liver be hot and moist, more store of blood is generated, and that of an indifferent consistence, the veins are great and broad, and soft, and the habit of the whole body moister and softer, the Hypocondries hairy

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enough, and if either quality do much exceed, those who have such a constitution fall into many diseases, which proceed from putrefaction.

If the Liver be more cold and moist, crude and pitui∣tous blood is generated, the veins are narrow, and the whole body, if the heart hinder it not, is colder and moi∣ster, and the Hypocondries are void of hair.

Moreover the signs of a cold and dry Liver are little blood, and so the nutrition not so happy, less store of hair, and the whole body is colder and dryer, unless per∣chance the heart do correct the frigidity of the Liver.

CHAP. VI. Of the signs of the temperature of the Testicles.

THose whose Testicles are in good temper are fruit∣ful; those whose Stones are too hot, are lecherous, and apt for Venus betimes, and fruitful also, and beget boyes, and they also have hair in their privy parts betimes, and have beards also very young.

Those who have cold Stones are not apt for Venus, nor fruitful; and if they do generate, they rather procreate Females then Males, and their genital parts are more bald, and have lesse hair, and they slowly, or never put forth a beard.

Those who have moist abound with much seed, but watry, and have broad beards.

Those who have dry ones, generate little seed, and that indifferent thick, and are apt to have little beards.

Those who have hot and dry Testicles generate thick seed, and are fruitful, and are timely stirr'd up to Venus, and yet are easily hurt by Venue, they beget Males, unless the sluggish nature of the woman hinder it; hair comes betimes in the genitalls, and plentifully, and in all the parts neer, upwards in the parts nigh the Navel, down∣wards to the middle of the Thighs.

Those who have heat and moisture, do more abound with seed, they affect Venus moderately, and can easily brook it, if the constitution of the rest of the body agree, nay sometimes they are offended by retaining of the seed, they generate as well Males as Females, and are no so rough about the Genitals.

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Those whose Testicles are cold and moist begin to use Venus late, neither are they prone to Venus, and they are also unfruitful, or if they generate fruitful seed, 'tis more fit to procreate Females then Males, and the seed is thin and watry.

Lastly, those that have cold and dry Stones, Generate thick seed, and but little, and are more hurt after Coition then cold and moist ones.

CHAP. VII. Of the signs of the constitution of the stomach.

A Temperate Stomach shews it selfe moderate in all things, it desires so much as it can concoct, and concoct it well, and neither corrupts soft meats, which are easie to be digested, no leaves hard meats unconcocted, and crude, nor is it easily hurt by meat that overwhelms it.

But a hot Stomach concocts better then it desires, it digesteth meat hard and difficult to be concocted, happi∣ly, bur on the other side, it corrupts soft meats, and such as are easie to be digested, and brings forth a nitrous cru∣dity; 'tis delighted with hot meats and drink, and that so powerfully, that it is not hurt by the moderate use of cold things, but is preserved from the farthest decay, which will be preserved by heat; Thirst is greater then the de∣sire of meat.

A colder Stomach more greedily desires then it can concoct, and principally cold meats, and such as are hard to be digested, are not easily well concocted by it, but ea∣sily grow sower in it, and a little after eating pleantifully, a sense of heaviness is perceived about the Stomach, and floating, and loathing, and sometimes vomit.

A moist Stomach doth not easily thirst, it is not easily hurt by much drinking, 'tis-delighted with moist food, and easily brooks hunger.

A dryer Stomach is more thirsty, yet unless the thirst arise from some part neer thereunto; it is hurt by too much drink, it desires dry meat.

From these signs of the simple constitutions of the Sto∣mach,

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may easily be collected, the signs of the mixt con∣strutions.

CHAP. VIII. Of the signs of the constitution of the Lungs.

THose who have hot Lungs do much dilate their brests in breathing, they are thirsty, and the thirst is not allayed unless it be in long time, and with cold things.

Cold Lungs are much hurt by breathing in of cold air, the respiration in those who have cold Lungs is little hot, that is less cold, and is a friend to breathing; also in cold Lungs many excrements are gathered together, which are sometimes cast out by coughing, sometimes by spitting only.

Dry Lungs-collect not many excrements, and there∣fore hath no need to cast up any by cough or spittle.

Moist Lungs on the contrary gather many excrements and therefore between whiles in speaking, 'tis necessary to spit often.

The woice also is shewen by the constitution of the Lungs and Wind-pipe, a great voice and vehemency of efflation shews a wide Wind-pipe, and heat of the Lungs; a small voice shews the contrary; the Wind-pipe rightly constituted, causeth a smooth even voice; a sharp voice but joined with clearnesse, signifies driness of the Wind∣pipe, a sharp voice with hoarsness, and obscurity proceeds from a plentiful humor moistning the Arteries, and ra∣ther belongs to a preter-natural constitution then a na∣tural; a sharp voice shewes narrowness of the throat, and consequently coldness of the Wind pipe; on the contra∣ry a great voice shewes wideness of the top of the Wind∣pipe, and therefore signifies heat strong from their infancy.

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