CUmberland extends to the extremity of England North∣ward, as being Bounded that way by Scotland; on the East, with Northumberland and Westmoreland; on the West, by the Irish Sea, and part of Scotland; on the South, with Lancashire: It abounds in Hills, but of no extraordi∣nary height; and produces great store of Cattle, and a good sprinkling of Corn, but not many Fruit Trees. At New∣lands are Copper-Mines, at Refwick Black-Lead and Lapis Calaminaris: It Contains one City, viz. Carlisle (which gives Title to a Bishop) Fifty Eight Parishes, Nine Market Towns, and two remarkable Rivers: It sends Members to Parliament six, viz. Carlisle two, Cocker∣mouth two, and two Knights of the Shire.
Carlisle, the Metropolis of the County, is very Antient, held to be Built by Leil a British King, long before the com∣ing of Caesar, and is by Ptolomy called Lugovallum, it was a flourishing City under the Romans, and upon their depar∣ture Demolished by the Picts, and utterly ruined by the Danes; but again Rebuilded by King William Rufus, who Built there a strong Castle to prevent the Scots Incursions; and by King Henry the first it was made a Bishops See; it has been often taken by the Scots, but wrested from them a∣gain: It was Besieged in the late Civil War, and made a