The workes of that famous chirurgion Ambrose Parey translated out of Latin and compared with the French. by Tho: Johnson. Whereunto are added three tractates our of Adrianus Spigelius of the veines, arteries, & nerves, with large figures. Also a table of the bookes and chapters.

CHAP. XIX. Of Anodynes, or such as mitigate or asswage pain.

BEfore we treat of Anodyne medicines, we think it fit to speak of the nature of pain. Now pain is a sorrowful and troublesome sense, caused by some sudden distemper, or solution of continuity. There are three things necessary to cause pain; The efficient cause, that is, a sodain departure from a natural temper or union: the sensibleness of the body receiving the dolorifick cause: lastly, the apprehension of this induced change, caused either by distemper or union; for otherwise with how exquisite soever sense the body receiving the cause is indued with, unless it apprehend and mark it, there is no pain present. Hence it is that Aphorism of Hip∣pocrates, Quicun{que} parte aliquâ corp••ris dolentes dolorem omnino non sentiunt, his mens aegrotat, that is, Whosoever pained in any part of their bodies do wholly feel no pain, their understanding is ill affected and depraved. Heat, cold, moisture and driness, induce a sodain change of temper; and heat and cold cause sharp pain, driness moderate, but moisture scarce any at all: for moisture causeth not pain so much by its quality, as it doth by the quantity. Both the fore-mentioned qualities, especially associated with matter, as also certain external causes too violently assailing, such as these that may cause contusion, cut, prick, or too much extend. Wherefore pain is a symp∣tom of the touch, accompanying almost all diseases; therefore oft-times leaving these, they turn the counsel of the Physician to mitigate them, which is performed either by mitigating the effici∣ent causes of pain, or dulling the sense of the part. Hereupon they make three differences of Ano∣dynes: For some serve to cure the disease, othersome to mitigate it, othersome stupifie, and are narcotick. We term such curative of the diseases, which resist, and are contrary to the causes of di∣seases. Thus pain, caused by a hot distemper, is taken away by oil of Roses, Oxycrate, and other such like things, which amend and take away the cause of pain, to wit the excess of heat. Pain caused by a cold distemper, is amended by Oleum Laurinum, Nar dinum, de Castoreo. Pain occasioned by too much driness is helped by Hydraelium, a bath of fresh and warm water. Lastly, by this word Anodyne, ta∣ken in the largest sense, we understand all purging medicines, Phlebotomony, Scarification, Caute∣ries, Cuppings, Glysters, and other such like things as evacuate any store of the dolorifick matter. But such as are properly termed Anodynes, are of two sorts: for some are temperare, others hot and moist in the first degree, and consequently, near to those that are temperate: these preserve the na∣tive heat in the proper integrity, thus they amend all distemperatures; of this kinde are accounted

Sallad oil, oil of sweet Almonds, the yolks of eggs, and a few other such like things, these streng∣then the native heat, that thus increased in substance, it may with the more facility orecome the cause of pain: besides also, they rarifie, attenuate, digest, and consequently evacuate both gross and viscid humors, as also cloudy flatulencies hindred from passing forth: such are floros chamoemi∣li, meliloti, crocus, oleum chamoemelinum, anethinum, oleum lini, oleum ex semine altheae, lubricorum, o∣vorum, ex tritico, butyrum, lana succida, suillus adeps, vitulinus, gallinaceus, anserinus, humanus, ex anguilla, cunicula, & aliis. Lac muliebre, & vaccinum, mucago seminis lini, faenugraeci, althaeae, mal∣vae, vel ejusmodi seminum decoctum: as also Decoctum liliorum, violariae, capitis, pedum, & intestino∣rum, arietis et hoedi.

Narcoticks, or stupefying medicines, improperly termed Anodynes, are cold in the fourth de∣gree, therefore by their excess of cold, they intercept or hinder the passage of the animal spirits to the part, whence it is that they take away sense: of this sort are hyoscyamus, cicuta, sclanum mani∣cum, mandragora, papaver, opium, arctissima vincula.

You may make use of the first sort of Anodynes in all diseases, which are cured by the oppo∣sition of their contraries: but of the second, to expugn pains that are not very contumacious, that by their application we may resist defluxion, inflammation, the fever, and other symptoms. But whereas the bitterness of pain is so excessive great that it will not stoop to other medicines, then at the length must we come to the third sort of anodyne••. Yet oft-times the bitterness of pain is so great that very narcoticks must be applied in the first place, if we would have the part and the whole man to be in safety. Yet the too frequent use of them, especially alone without the addi∣tion of saffron, myrrh, castoreum, or some such like thing, useth to be very dangerous: for they ex∣tinguish the native heat, and cause mortification, manifested by the blackness of the part. But in∣tolerable pains, to wit, such as are occasioned by the excess of inflammation and gangrenes, may be sooner mitigated by opening a vein, purging and scarifying the part affected, then either by pro∣perly termed anodynes or narcoticks, to wit, that pain may be the remedy of pain. By purgers we here understand not only such as taken by the mouth, produce that effect; but also such as out∣wardly applied perform the same, as those whereof A••tius makes mention, As.

℞. pulpae seu medul. colocynth. semin eruc. rut. sylvest. elaterii, gr. cindii, lathyrid. expurgatar. gal∣ban. nitri, cerae, singulorum, ℥ iiii. opopan. ʒ ii. terebinth. ʒ vi. terenda terito, et taurino felle paulatim irrigato, donec apte imbibantur. Then apply it about the navel even to the share, for thus it will purge by stool; if on the contrary you apply it to the bottom of the stomach, it will cause vo∣mit. Another; ℞. elaterii, ʒiii. colocynth. scammon squammae aeris, radic. cucumer. agrest. lathyrid. an. ʒ. i. aut pro lathyrid. tithymal. succum terito et cibrato••at cum oleo plurimum salis habente subigito, magnam inde pilam e lana confertam hoc medicamento illitam, umbilico aut lumbis applicato. Or, ℞. fellis taurin. ʒ.i. gr. cindii virid ℥ iv. succi lupinor. virid. ℥ ii. euphorb. ℥ i. pulp. colocynth. tantundem adip. vulpin. recent. ℥. vi. adip. viper. ℥ ii. ss. stercor. muris, ℥ iv. succi poeon. castor. singulor. ʒ iv. ol. li∣gustrin. ℥. vi. ol. antiq. ℥ i. fiat unguentum vel oleum. It purgeth without trouble, and besides the o∣ther commodities it also is good against distraction or madness. Two spoonfuls is the greatest quantity to be used at one time; for in some, one is sufficient: annoint therewith the navel and thereabouts, and a just purgation will ensue thereupon, which if it shall flie out beyond your ex∣pectation, you may soment the belly with a sponge moistened in warm wine and pressed forth a∣gain, it will be presently staied. Moreover Fernelius lib. 7 methodi, makes mention of a laxative ointment.

Notes

• What pain is.
• What proper∣ly term••d A∣nodynes are.
• Narcoticks improperly termed ano∣dynes. The use of them.
• Tetrah. 1. sem 3. cap. 35. Purgatives to be externally applied.
• The composi∣tion of a pur∣ging oil and ointment.