The history of the vvorld: or, An account of time. Compiled by the learned Dionisius Petavius. And continued by others, to the year of our Lord, 1659. Together with a geographicall description of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America.

CHAP. XII. Of those things which happened throughout the World worthy to be re∣membred, from the year 1547, to 1589, under Charls the Fifth, Ferdinand, Maximilian, Rodulph, Emperours; and Henry the second, Francis the second, Charls the ninth, Henry Valesius, Kings of France.

CHarls the 5th, Emperour, out-lived Francis king of France almost 12 years: in which, Henry the son of Francis reign∣ed in France. In Germany, Luther, the author of all troubles being taken away, who (e) in the year 1546, had dyed a suddain death, yet civill disturbances were not at rest. (a) For they which through occasion of maintaining the German liberty, and defending a new opinion, had brought a War on Charls, are scat∣tered by him at the River Albis, in the year 1547. The chief of these was Frederick Duke of Saxony, who came under the power of the Conquerour; and being by him condemned of his head, a little after by the intreaty of the chief Governours, he suffered a milder punishment: And with him was taken also Phi∣lip the Landgrave. By the punishment of these men, the tumults of Germany were a little allayed.

(b) Henry, in the mean time, king of France, that he might establish the Common-wealth, having begun with Religion, re∣strained the Lutherans, secretly ranging abroad in the Coun∣treyes, with most strict Edicts; neither punished he a few of that sect, being laid hold on with the burning flame. It was the cu∣stome then, to call men of any sort of heresie, Lutherans. And then a new errour of Calvin grew more and more through France; and they who did spread it, had allured not a few under the co∣lour and shew of a feigned integrity. Against all these at that time a Synod was had at Trent, begun from the year 1545, Paul the third being chief Bishop. But by reason of the Civil disagree∣ments of Christians, drawn out for a long time, at last under Pius the 4th, took its end in the year 1563.

Between these things, Henry renewed war with Charls the Em∣perour, in the year 1551, and Towns being taken on both sides, the French made the Mediomatricans, and other Towns lying about them, subject to their power, in the year 1552. Charls be∣sieged Diviodutum the head Town of the Mediomatricans, whom they call the Metians, with an hundred thousand armed men. But Francis of Guise defending it, he departed thence through a de∣spair of conquering it.

Then, being separated from the wearinesse and love of humane Affairs, (c) in the year 1555, casting off from him his Kingdome and Empire at Bruxels, he passed over that unto Philip his son; the governing of this, unto Ferdinand his brother. Being as it were eased of this burthen, he sailed into Spain, and there enclosed

himself within the Monastery of Justus: whence (d) in the year 1558, Ferdinand being by the seven Men or Princes pronounced Emperour, he ceased to live.

(b) In England the Catholike faith took a little breath in the year 1553, when as after the death of Edward, Mary the daugh∣ter of Henry the 8th, and Katherine, began to reign. But she be∣ing married to Philip Prince of Spain in the year 1554, Reginald Pool Cardinal, her kinsman, being called unto her, he restored the whole Island to Roman faith and fellowship. But the sixth year after, which was of Christ 1558, Mary being dead, Elizabeth the daughter of Henry and Anne of Bulloign, called back the for∣mer unfaithfulnesse.

(a) In the mean time, the French not sloathfully enforced the war with Philip his son, which they had waged with Charls. Fran∣cis of Guise led an Army into Campania and the Neapolitan king∣dome in the year 1557; in which year indeed the French were by Philip slain at the Town of Quintine in Veromandua, the 10th day of August, when they had run together to loose the siege. In that battle many Nobles being taken, the Townesmen yielded. But the Spaniards knew not how to make use of a Victory. At last peace by both Kings was received with alike desire of them both, and was tyed together by a nuptial League, Elizabeth the daughter of Henry being given to Philip in wedlock, (b) in the year 1559, of June 29.

But, as humane affairs are, so great mirth is in a short time recompensed with great grief, through the death of Henry; who at a pastime horse-exercise, received a deadly wound in the head, and dyed July the 10th, of his age 43, of his reign 13.

(c) Francis the son of Henry the second, who in the 17th year of his age was put in his father's place, had almost an year and halfs dominion. And that space was unquiet through the sedi∣tions of the Calvinists, whom they call Hugonots: although there was a strict examination had concerning them; and Annas Burgius of the order of Senatours, who by the command of Henry had been cast into bonds, was openly hanged on a gibbet, and his dead carkass burnt, Decemb. 23, of the 1559 year. The Hugonots being stirred by these punishments, conspire against the King, and endeavour to draw him privily out of Ambasia, where he then was. But the thing, by certain that gave notice, being known; Ludovick Borbon Prince of Conde being brought under suspition, is delivered to custody: and while it is inquired against him concerning his life, at Orleans, wherein men, chosen of the ranks of the whole kingdom, had come together, Francis the King dyed of a disease in the year 1560, Decemb. 5.

Charls the next elder brother followed him. Under whom the fury of the Hugonotts, a greater boldnesse being taken, brake forth into open rebellion. To bring these into agreement, if upon any account it might be done, an Assembly is held at Pissiack, in the year 1561; in which, the Protestants came into contention con∣cerning

Controversies of Faith, with the Catholique Divines. When as nothing could go forward, the matter is brought to arms. The Protestants were rather overcome in many battles, than tamed; of which there were chiefly three. First, at the Town Drocas, wherein the Prince of Conde was taken by Francis of Guise, Captain of the Catholique parties in the year 1561. The second at Jarnacum, among the Santonians: in which, Henry the brother of Charls leading the Catholiques, the same Prince of Conde was slain, in the year 1569. The third battel was made among the Pictonians at Moncontorium, both the same year, and General. The stubborn enemies were slain in great number.

Two years after they were slain in greater number at Paris, when as they were come thither to solemnize the marriage of Henry Borbon King of Navarr, who was then of those parties, with Margaret the sister of Charls. With the like slaughter they were killed in many Cities of France. That was begun on the 9th Kalends of September, of the year 1572, at Paris, on a day, holy to St. Bartholomew; from whom afterwards it found a name.

Before these things, Maximilian the second, (by the death of Ferdinand the Emperour) his son took the title of the Roman Em∣pire in the 1564; which year brought that remarkable thing to the account of reckoning times, because it was provided by the Edict of Charls in France, that the beginning of years, should be reckoned in private and publique Tables, from the Kalends of January; which hitherto have been accustomed to be taken from Easter, or the birth of Christ. Also the same year dyed John Cal∣vin, the 27 of May.

In Belgium (the which Margaret governed in the name of her brother Philip) like as in the rest of France, all places were trou∣bled with the weapons of Protestants; Ferdinand Duke of Alba∣nia being sent to pacifie this Province, in the year 1567, through the rougnesse of judgment; and especially, through the punish∣ment of two Earls of chief noblenesse, of Egmunda and Horna, provoked them of Flanders in the year 1568; In which year Charls the son of Philip King of Spain by Mary, a Lusitanian, being committed to custody by his father, by his command is delivered to death. The Batavians, whom they call the Hollanders, and the Inhabitants of the Mattiacarian Islands, they commonly call them Isles of Zeland, first lifted up the Ensign of freedom in the year 1572, the rule of the Spaniard being shaken off; which the Albane Duke had rendred hatefull by immoderate exactions. A little after, other Cities came unto their League, and grew toge∣ther into that Commonwealth, which also at this day is called The W••al-publique of the Conenanted Orders, or United Provin∣ces.

Scotland drew a pestilent heresie through the infection of her Neighbour England. Into which, Mary Stuart the Queen, when, after the death of Francis the second her husband, King of France,

had betaken her self, and had desired Henry Stuart Duke of Lenox for her husband in the year 1564, he being slain by the Protestants she having slipt to Elizabeth Queen of England, out of prison, in which James a bastard had inclosed her, by her most unjust sen∣tence, after 20 years imprisonment, was punished with the losse of her head, in the year 1587.

(a) Between these tumults of Christians in Europe, the Tur∣kish affairs grew up with great increases. Pialis the Bashaw re∣turning from the besseging of Malta, which happened in the year 1565, the matter not ended, took away Chios the Island, the year following from the Genoans. After that, Mustapha took away Cyprus from the Venetians, in the year 1571, when as he had com∣passed Salamina with a siege of eleven Moneths. Which City having conquered, against a covenanted promise, he killed all the Christians; But Bragandine the Govervour having his Nose and Ears cut short, was flayed alive. Pius the fifth, a most holy chief Bishop, being very much moved with that unworthinesse, (this man, the fourth of his surname having finished his life in the year 1565; was the year following chosen in his room) raised a holy war against them. Therefore the chief bishops, the Spa∣niards and Venetians ships being drawn together into one Navy, a fight is made at Naupactum in the Sea-bosome of Corinth, in which the Barbarians being overcome, two hundred Galleys with Oars, partly taken, partly sunk, there were slain or taken Cap∣tive, to the number of 25 thousand Turks: twenty thousand Chri∣stians being restored to liberty.

The Covenanted Navy, a strife arising among the chief ones, wasted, without any price of their labour, which might have been very great. The day of the Victory was the seventh of October in the year 1571. Neither long, after this and other things well carried on in his Prelateship, survived Pope Pius. For in that year which followed, 1572. on the Calends of May he departed this life; The seventh Moneth before that, a new Star was seen in Heaven, which indeed having begun to be seen in Cassiopeia, and by degrees lessened, the 1574th year of Christ entring, ceased to appear. That year 1573 which was between, Henry the bro∣ther of Charls, besieged Rochell a very strong Castle among the Santonians, possessed by the Hugonots. But when at the same time, by the voices of the Polonian Princes, he was required to the Kingdome of that Nation, he departed from that City. Ludo∣vick the 13th, laying up the honour of this City, being conquered; by whom the six and fiftieth year after, being taken, it ceased to be a refuge of Rebellious Heretiques. Henry went into Polonia in January of the following year, 1574. and returning from thence the sixth Moneth after, he hastned into France to take the King∣dome; which the death of Charls had made void of a ruler, May the 30th, of his reign 14.

(a) Henry the Valesian the third of that name, having consulted of, or begun his reign in the year of this Age 1574, drew it out

unto fifteen years and above two Moneths, all which time he spent in vexations, and dangers, being tossed with homebred, and likewise with forreign tumults. Francis Alenconius, his brother, a Prince, fell off from him in the year one thousand five hundred se∣venty five, the Prison-keepers being cunningly deceived by the industry of his sister Margaret, by whom he had been comman∣ded to be kept by reason of suspicions. With this man, Henry Borbon King of the Vascoins, and Henry of Condy another of his fathers brothers sons, is joyned with no small company of Hugo∣nots, the Germans being hired for aid. But by the interposing of Katherine their mother, the brethren being reconciled among themselves, An assembly of the Kingdome of all ranks is ga∣thered together at Blesa, in the year one thousand five hundred seventy and six, in which the large edicts in favour of the Prote∣stants, are revoked, which thing a little after stirred up greater troubles.

(b) Through Belgium in the mean time, the force of the cove∣nanted Provinces against the Spaniards being crushed by John of Austria; who in the year one thousand five hundred seventy eight, had departed from the living, the height of rule is brought on Francis Alenconius by the conspired Orders. He being brought out of ENGLAND, unto Belgium, (whither he had sailed in hope of finishing a marriage with Queen ELIZA∣BETH) in the year one thousand five hundred eighty two, and earnestly received by all; the year following he returned into France, when as he had found their desires by whom he was cal∣led, to be changed towards him. Alexander Farnesius Duke of Parma was present for the Spaniards; who, the rebells being scat∣tered and cast out by little and little, brought back the Cities unto obedience, especially in one thousand five hundred eighty three, and one thousand five hundred eighty four. In this latter year, William of Aurania being slain, Maurice his son is chosen Captain by the Covenanters, being but eighteen years of age.

(a) In the mean time the Lusitanians received a great slaughter in Africa by the Saracens, King Sebastian with the flower of the Nobility of Lusitania being there slain: who in the four and twen∣tieth year of his age, to bring back Muleius by Arms, who was cast forth of his Kingdome, had undertaken rather a glorious or boasting, than profitable expedition, in the year one thousand five hundred seventy eight. Henry the Cardinal, brother of his Grandfather, now of a great age, and crazy health, succeeded this: and he being dead, Philip King of Spain, came to a feeble possession of the Kingdome, many things drawing towards him, in the year 1580.

(b) But in ENGLAND, ELIZABETH vexed the Catholiques with all kind of torments. Among whom Edmund Campian of the society of Jesus, in the year one thousand five hun∣dred eighty three, was famous in an honourable confession of the

Faith, that I may let passe the rest, both for number, and constan∣cy to be remembred. The year that went before this, one thou∣sand five hundred eighty two, was famous in amending of the Church Calender, the which Gregory the thirteenth, chief Bishop, appointed with the greatest praise and profit. Three years after, the same man, obedience being received of three Princes of Japo∣nia, by Ambassadours of that Nation, he died the tenth of April, for whom Sixtus the fifth was chosen. And in the same year, Ci∣vill storms being renewed in France, the Catholique Princes en∣tred into a secret league among themselves, of putting the Prote∣stants to flight, especially Henry of Guise, and Charls Borbon Car∣dinall, the Unkle of Henry of Navarre; which conspiracy we have wont to call [Liga] a bond, tye or League. Sixtus, chief Bi∣shop, a curse being pronounced again the Henries, the Vasconian and the Condoean, he prononnced either of them unworthy the suc∣cession of the Kingdome, which next belonged unto them from the year one thousand five hundred eighty four, in which Francis Alenconius had yielded to nature's destiny, the tenth of June, at the Camp of Theodoricum. Hence a most cruell war was largely spread over all France. Henry King of the Navarrians had mu∣stred the Germane souldiers. Robert of Bullein being Captain, while he goeth to meet this man, resisting him, he overthrew An∣nas Joieusius meeting him with his Army at Curtasium in Aquitane, in which fight the Duke himself was slain, in the year one thou∣sand five hundred eighty seven. Moreover the Germanes being stirred up in many battels by Henry of Guise, at last they are put to flight at Alnetum in Belsia. The year after, which was eighty eight, Henry of Condy dyed the fifth of March, having left behind him an heir of the same name, who was born in the Moneth of September, who afterwards followed the communion of Rome, and obtaineth unto this day his father's and Grandfather's Nobili∣ty, increased with the praise of sincere piety.

That same year was lamentable through the death of Henry of Guise, and Cardinall Ludovick his brother: who by the Blesensian assemblies of the whole Kingdome, were, by the command of King Henry slain; chiefly for that thing incensed, because when he had been at Paris a little before, in the Moneth of May, He being suddenly moved at the comming of the Guisian Duke, had made a sedition, and had forced the astonished King to slight for fear. Henry of Guise on Decemb. 23 (the day after) his brother was thrust thorow by the Kings Guard.

Amongst these Tempests of France, Charls Emmanuel Duke of Savoy, possesseth the dominion of Saleucia of the French Title, in a Countrey under the Alps. The Spanish Navy with never so much preparation carried into England, partly by shipwrack, part∣ly by the Counsell and valour of Drake an English Captain, most knowing in Sea-affairs, perished.

Lastly, the death of Katherine, Mother of Kings, made the eighty ninth year of that age mournfull, on January the fifth.

But it happened much more forrowfull by the most unworthy murther of the King himself. Who, great envy being (through the death of the Guisians) contracted, when as the Cities here and there fell off from him, and Paris it self the head of the king∣dome rebelled before the rest, this, Henry of Navarre being cal∣led to him for aid, he began to besiege, and his Camps being pitched against it, he is slain with a cruell parricide, a poyson∣ed knife being thrust thorow his belly on the Calends of August. By whose death the stock of the Valesians, fit for a kingdome, cea∣sed. Therefore the top of affairs turned aside unto the Family of the Borbones, as the next in kindred. Whose beginning is derived from Robert Earl of Claromonta, the second son of Lu∣dovick.

The plenty of famous wits through France, and other Coun∣tries, was never greater at any other time than these men reign∣ing, whom I have reckoned up in that Chapter. All which if I would number up, it will be the matter of a full Volume. I will therefore touch at a few for the undertaken brevitie's sake.

In France, Henry the second being King, John Fernelius an excel∣lent Physitian of Ambia was eminent. Andrew Tiraquell a Law∣yer, Julius Caesar Scaliger. Under CHARLS, Adrian Turneb, Rondelett, a Physitian, John Aurate, Peter Ronsard, at that time accounted the Prince of French Poetry. James Cuiack, a Law∣yer of Tolouse, Mark Anthony Muretus Lemovix, Francis Bal∣dwine a Lawyer, Dionysius Lambine, John Passeratius; Of whom, many came unto the time of Henry the third. In other Provin∣ces under Henry, about the second, and Charls: Stanislaus Ho∣sius, Ruard Tapper, William Lindane, Cornelius Jansen, Andrew Ve∣ga, Lawrence Surius, a Carthusian Frier, James Pamell, James Lai∣nez, Generall overseer of the Jesuites society. Arias Montanus, Martine Azpicuelt, of Navarre, Anthony Augustine, Bishop of Tarracon, Peter Victor, which three last indeed departed out of life, in the year 1586. Paul Manute, Onufrius Panuine, Charls Sigon, Je∣rome Cardane, and many others. Ignatius who in the year 1556. the day before the Calends of August, died after Francis Xavery, to whom death happened in the year 1552. December the se∣cond. Teresia, in the year 1582. Charls Borromaeus, famous for holinesse, two years after, they increased the heavenly num∣ber.

Notes

• (e)

  Cochl.
• (a)

  Guice. Comm. b. 2.
• (b)

  Annals of France of Bellefor. Matth. Pleix. The Reign of Henry the second.
• The Assembly of Trent.
• (c)

  Guicc. Comm. b. 2.
• (d)

  Guic. c. 2.
• (b)

  Hist. of Schism.
• (a)

  Annals of France. The dispatch of Guise into Italy.
• (b)

  Belles. &c.
• The death of Henry the second.
• (c)

  Ann. of France. Francis the second.
• Charls the 9th.
• The begin∣ing of the year ceased to be taken from Easter in France.
• Belgick Troubles.
• The falling off, of the Ba∣tavians from Spain.
• (a)

  Bisarre in Hist. of Cyprus
• The fight at Naupactum.
• (a)

  Henry 3. Ann. Franc.
• (b)

  The same Ann. & Hist. of Flanders.
• (a)

  Hist. of the African expe∣dition.
• (b)

  History of Schisme of England,
• The fight at Curtrasium.
• Learned Men.