Myskotomia, or, The anatomical administration of all the muscles of an humane body, as they arise in dissection as also an analitical table, reducing each muscle to his use and part / collected for private use, by William Molins ... ; and published for the general good of all practitioners in the said art.

THE MUSCLES themselves as they arise.

Obliquus Descendens

ARiseth fleshy from the lower parts of the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth Ribs, indenting himself with Se∣ratus Major Anticus; as also membra∣nous from the Transverse proceses of the Vertebres of the loyns, and part of the Os Ileon, and so runs by a broad nervous Tendon to the Linea alba and Os pubis, tis difficult to remove the Tendon of this Muscle from the subjacent Tendon as soon as you come to the Rectus without laceration: To dissect this Muscle exact∣ly, you divide the Latissimus from him very low, that so you may come at his Lumbal origination the better.

Obliquus Ascendens

ARiseth fleshy from the Appendix of the Os Ileon, and membranous from the proceses of the same Vertebres as the former, and so ascending fleshy, inserts himself into the 11 and 12 Ribs; then extending himself into a large double Tendon (in which the Rectus is conveyed) proceeds to the Linea alba, and Semi lu∣nari Membrain, and is implanted into the 8, 9 and 10 Ribs. Observe, that this Muscle is best raised, by finding the Nerve that runs between this and the Transverse at his origination from Os Ileon.

Rectus

ARiseth from the Os pubis, and running according to the longitude of the bo∣dy, is inserted into the sides of the Ster∣non where the last true Ribs have their Cartilages; The intersections are various, now 3, then 4, and sometimes 3 and a half, sometimes all above, sometimes some be∣low, as also the Anastomasis of the Mam∣milary vessels external, and Epigastrick in∣ternal, always found in women, rarely in men; as also the multitude of Nerves sent to the Perigraphs is very observable: if you finde four Perigraphs, the Piramidals are wanting.

Piramidalis sive Falopii

ARiseth from the external part of the Os pubis, broad and fleshy, and run∣ning something below the Rectus, is in∣serted by a long and round Tendon, into the Lineae alba. These are sometimes wanting in such persons as have the origi∣nation of the ascendent not from the Ile∣on, but from the strong ligament which runs from the Spine up to the Os pubis internal, and have four Perigraphs in the Rectus.

Transversalis

ARiseth with a nervous Membrain from the same ligament as the former; as also with a fleshy origination from the internal part of the bastard Ribs, and terminates in a broad Tendon at the semi∣lunary Membrains, the Linea alba, and so down to the Os pubis, he adheres firmly to the subjacent Peritoneum in a maner all along, onely near the Pubis he divides himself. It is to be observed, That all the Muscles (except the Rectus and Pirami∣dal) in their Tendons, have a double per∣foration, one for the umbelical vessels, the other for the seminary vessels in a man, and in a woman for the insertion of the rotund ligament of the Matrix into Os pubis.

Frontalis

ARiseth from the most elated part of the forehead, where the hair ends near the Temporal Muscle, and where the carnous Membrain adheres most firmly to the Cranium, and running downright, is inserted into the skin that covers the Eyes, and into the Eye∣brows. In raising this from the Crani∣um, you shall finde Nerves that are sent through the Cranium to him.

Aperiens palpebram Rectus

ARiseth from the upper orbite of the Eye internal, near the Elevator of the Eye, where the optick Nerve hath his transmission, and holds the same course, and is of the same figure and substance, till he inlargeth himself into a broad Tendon, and is inserted into the Cartilage of the upper Eye-lid, accord∣ing to his dimension; not to be shown, but with the other Muscles of the Eye, after he is taken out of the Cranium.

Claudens sive Semicircularis superior Deprimens

ARiseth with a sharp beginning from the internal angle of the Eye, and from part of the Eyebrow near the Nose, and so falls something transverse toward the external angle of the Eye, becoming fleshy, and so broad, that he possesseth the whole space between the Eyebrow and the Cartalage, out of which the hairs of the Eyebrow grow, and is inserted into the external angle of the Eye.

Inferior sive Attollens Semicircularis

ARiseth, being membranous and thin, from the top of the Nose near the angle of the lower Eye-lid, with a sharp point, and carried transversly about the middle of the lid, becomes fleshy, and is inserted into the same angle as the other. The question stands undecided among Authors, Whether these two Muscles be not properly one, and that orbicularis, and for the most part is so re∣ceived; though the one doth depress, and the other at••oll at the same time, to make a perfect close over the Eye.

Rectus occuli primus sive Elevator

ARiseth from the upper part of the Orbite of the Eye, near where the optick Nerve comes forth, and is insert∣ed into the Coat called Cornea of the Eye, where it is clear, and near the Iris, by a thin and membranous Tendon.

Rectus secundus sive Depressor

ARiseth in the inferior and opposite part, of the same Cavity, and hath his insertion as the former.

Rectus tertius sive Adducens

ARiseth from the Orbite of the Eye, near the origination of the Levator, and is inserted as the former.

Rectus quartus sive Abducens

ARiseth from the external angle of the Eye, and is inserted as the for∣mer.

Obliquus primus occuli

ARiseth from a Chinck which is in the lower part of the Orbite of the Eye, in his origination fleshy, small, and not altogether round, and is carried oblique∣ly in his whole course, and ascending by degrees to the upper part of the Eye, is there inserted by a short, and sometimes round, but nervous Tendon, between the Tendons of the Attollent and Abducent Muscle, where the Tendon of the other oblique Muscle hath also his insertion, and they seem to be both one.

Obliquus secundus sive Trocheus

ARiseth from the same place with the Abducent, and goes in a right line to the external part of the internal angle, where it grows indifferently thick, and is then attenuated, and grows round, and goes through a Pully there planted, which so soon as it hath passed, it bends, yet so, as that it makes the right angle of the Eye, and running upward, begins to grow oblique, and going over the Le∣vator, is inserted between the Abducent and oblique, as is before described.

Attollens Aurem

ARiseth from the external termina∣tion of the Frontal Muscle, and so being thin and membranous, is carried over the Temporal, and is inserted (growing narrower) into the upper part of the Ear; This Muscle must be raised afore Frontalis be thrown down, and not onely this, but all the other external were dissected in this Body.

Detrahens Aurem

ARiseth fleshy, broad (and firbrous sometimes) from the backward part of the Head, near the Mammillary pro∣cess, and so growing narrower in his progress, is inserted into the whole Grille that encompasseth the Ear. Be careful in raising the Cutis, lest you take up this Muscle, and so lose him.

Adducens Aurem ad Anteriora

IS a Particle of that Muscle called Pla∣tasma Muodes, from whose insertion you shall finde a fleshy and fibrous Elon∣gation implanted into the root of the Ear.

Abducens ad Posteriora Aurem

ARiseth above the Mammillary pro∣cess from a knot of Muscles in the Occiput, with a narrow beginning, and being carried transversly downwards, is inserted into the hinder part of the Ear.

Internus externus Auri

ARiseth small from the internal mem∣branous skin of the Meatus audito∣rius, and becoming fleshy, is inserted externally by a short Tendon into the Timpanum.

Internus intermissimus Auri

BEing within the Os Petrosum hath his origination from the Basis of Os Cunei formis, and so becoming fleshy, though thin and small, and having made half his progress, divides himself into two very small and tender Tendons, the one of which is implanted into the upper process, the other into the neck of Os Mallei.

Abducens Nasi Alam

ARiseth small and fleshy from Os Maxillae superioris, near the first Par Proprium Labiorum, and is inserted into the lower and upper part of the Alae.

Attollens Nasi Alam

ARiseth from the top of the bone of the Nose, with a sharp and fleshy be∣ginning, and so descending according to the length of that bone, is inserted broad and fleshy into the Alam Nasi.

Claudens Nasum externus

ARiseth externally and fleshy at the root of the Alae, and so climbing transversly, is inserted into the tip of the Nose.

Claudens Nasum internus

ARiseth under the Membrain that co∣vereth the Nose internally from the bone, at its Ʋnition with the Cartilage, and running downward, is implanted in∣to the Alam Nasi: These are confest on all hands to be rarely found but in Nasute persons, and whether not more by fancy then otherwise, doubtful.

Communis Claudens Alas

IS no other then Orbicularis Labium sive Constringens, when by his Con∣traction proper, these are contracted by accident.

Zygomaticus Riolani

ARiseth from the Os Zygoma, with a fleshy and broad beginning, and run∣ning obliquely downward and forward, is inserted into the side of the upper Lip, near Primus Nasi.

Abducens Labios

ARiseth from the Os Zygoma fleshy and round, with much fat, and is im∣planted into the Lips, where they are joyned both together.

Labii inferius Deprimens

ARiseth fleshy from the lowest and foremost part of the inferior Maxil∣lae, whence running obliquely, it is broad∣ly inserted into the middle of the Lip.

Par Labium Constringens

IS of a fungeus substance, with Orbicu∣lar fibers arising from the middle of the bones of the superior and inferior Max∣illa, and makes the whole body of those that we call Lips, which appear red to us.

Platasma Muodes

ARiseth from the Vertebres of the Neck, Scapula, Clavicula, and Ster∣non, large, broad and thin, with store of membranous fibers, and so running up with oblique fibers, is inserted into the Chin, where both the superior and inferior Lips are joyned, and inlargeth himself so far as to make Adducens Auri ad Anteriora: Great care must be had to preserve this Muscle, for whe∣ther you raise the Cutis from above or from below, he adheres very close to it. In the raising this Muscle, be careful to leave his Elongation that makes Addu∣cens Aurem ad Anteriora, which you will rarely miss.

Buccinator

ARiseth from the upper part of the upper Mandible, and from the lower part of the lower Mandible, where the Gums begin, and runs circular; the proper Coat of the Mouth adheres so firmly to him internally, that he is scarce separable, and externally he hath a large round Tendon implanted into the midst of him, which hath his origination from a glau∣dulous substance growing to the Os Zy∣goma, close by the origination of the Muscle so called: This not taken notice of by any Author, but found by the Masters of Anatomy in a Body at the Theater in August, 1648.

Massetor sive Lateralis

ARiseth large, strong and nervous, first from that Suture where the 4 and 1 bone of the Maxilla superior joyn; Secondly, fleshy from the Os Jugale, and is inserted firmly and largely into the whole lower Mandible external. If you throw this Muscle either from his origi∣nation or insertion, Temporalis will ap∣pear in his insertion.

Temporalis

ARiseth from the Os Frontis, Synci∣pitis, and Sphaenoides, fleshy and semicircular, and in his descension grow∣ing narrower, runneth under the Os Juga∣le, with a short, but extraordinary strong and fleshy Tendon, into the process of the lower Mandible called Koronum. If you please to raise the Muscle carefully, you shall finde, That (contrary to the Opinion of some) the Periostion is un∣der this Muscle.

Mastoideus

ARiseth with a double origination, one from the Sternon, nervous, and the other fleshy from the more elated part of the Clavicle, and is inserted obliquely into the Process Mammillar by a round and fleshy Tendon.

Biventer sive Digastricus

ARiseth with a broad and nervous be∣ginning from the process Styloidis, and presently becomes round, fleshy and small, and so soon as he comes to recur∣vate under or through the Stylohyoideus, he becomes a nervous round Tendon, and then becomes fleshy again, and is inserted into the middle interior part of the ne∣ther Mandible.

Caracohyoideus

ARiseth near the neck of Os Scapula, from its process Caracoides fleshy, and running under the Levator Patientiae, is carried obliquely under the Mastoideus, and there becomes a smal round Tendon, and then fleshy again, and so is implant∣ed into the horns of the Os Hyoidis. If you leave this Muscle in his origination, at the dissection of the Levator you will finde his origination perfect.

Sternohyoideus

ARiseth broad and fleshy from the in∣ternal part of the Sternon, and run∣ning on (the same in substance and breadth) all along the Aspera Arteria, is inserted into the Basis of the Os Hyoidis.

Sternothyroideus

ARiseth fleshy and broad from the upper, but inner part of the Sternon, and keeping his dimensions, runs up with straight Fibers along by the Aspera Ar∣teria, and is inserted into the lower side of the Cartilago Thyroidis.

Hyothyroideus

ARiseth from the whole side of Os Hyoidis at his Basis, and running down broad with right Fibers, is insert∣ed into the lowest and lateral part of the Cartilago Thyroidis. If you take off this Muscle clear from his origination and insertion, you will be the less troubled to finde those of the Larinx.

Styloceratohyoideus

ARiseth from the root of the Process Styloidis, and being small and round, is implanted into the horn of the Os Hyoidis, found infallibly by Digastricus his running through or under him.

Mylohyoideus Riolani

ARiseth laterally from the nether Mandible internal, under the Dentes Molares fleshy, and is inserted into the Basis of the Os Hyoidis externally; He is to be thrown upward in Dissection.

Geniohyoideus

ARiseth internally from that middle part of the lower Mandible, called the Chin, and running down short and fleshy, is inserted in a proper Cavity, at the Basis of the Os Hyoidis internally.

Myloglossus

ARiseth from the innermost lateral part of the lower Mandible, just under Dentes Molares, in the beginning broad, and is inserted into the ligament that tyes the Basis of the Tongue to the Fauces. At the origination of Mylo∣hyoideus, you will certainly finde this, and he is best shown when the Mandible is divided.

Ceratoglossus

ARiseth from the upper horn of the Os Hyoidis; but if he be wanting, then from the lower horn, and so is im∣planted laterally into the Tongue near its root.

Genioglossus

ARiseth with a narrow beginning, a∣bout the middle of the lower Mandi∣ble, and then inlarging himself, is insert∣ed into the root of the Tongue.

Hypsioglossus

ARiseth fleshy from the middle and upper part of the Os Hyoidis, and is inserted into the middle of the Tongue, according to its Longitude.

Styloglossus

ARiseth fleshy and small from the Pro∣cess Styloidis with a sharp beginning, and growing more broad and fleshy, is in∣serted into the lateral part of the Tongue, is best found by discovering with your fingers Styloides, and then your eye will lead you to this Muscle at the lateral part of the Tongue.

Lingualis

ARiseth fleshy and large from the Basis of the Os Hyoidis, and so runs ac∣cording to its Longitude forward to the tip of the Tongue, and is disputed whe∣ther Muscle or no.

Cricothyroideus Anticus

ARiseth fleshy from the external part of the Cartilago Cricoidis, and is in∣serted into the lateral part of the Carti∣lago Thyroidis.

Oesophagieus

IS a broad Muscle fleshy, wholly en∣compassing the Posterior and Anterior part of the Oesophagus arising laterally, according to the Longitude of the Carti∣lago Thyroidis. This being carefully raised and cleared, you will the better finde Stylopharyngaeus and Cephalopharyngaeus.

Stylopharyngaeus

ARiseth with a small beginning from the internal part of the Process Sty∣loidis, and is implanted by a membranous Tendon, into the Thyroidis, the sides of the Os Hyoidis, and the root of the Tongue.

Cephalopharyngaeus

ARiseth from the Cranium, and the first Vertebre of the Neck, where they are joyned, and so descending, is implant∣ed into the lateral parts of the Os Hyoi∣dis, Cartilago Thyroidis, and the begin∣ning of the Oesophagus, for whom he seems to make a Coat.

Cricoarytenoideus Posticus

ARiseth fleshy from the hinder and lower part of the Cricoidis, and run∣ning up with right Fibers, and repleating the Cavity of the Cricoidis, it is ner∣vously implanted into the inner Seat of the Arytenoidis.

Cricoarytenoideus Lateralis

ARiseth from the lateral part of the Cricoidis, and is inserted into the la∣teral external part of the Arytenoidis.

Arytenoideus

ARiseth from the Cartilago Arytenoi∣dis, and is inserted into it again, en∣compassing with its Partner (to whom laterally he is joyned) the Cartilage from whence he receives his denomi∣nation.

Thyroaritenoideus

ARiseth fleshy, broad, and transversly in the Cavity of the Larinx, from the middle internal part of the Thyroidis, and being carried upward according to his Longitude, is inserted into the lateral part of the Arytenoidis, which makes the Glottis. This Muscle is best found, by carefully dividing the Cartilago Thyroi∣dis from the Cricoidis, Arytenoidis, and subjacent Muscles, the Coats of them be∣ing carefully preserved, and then will plainly appear this.

Sphaenopharyngaeus primus

ARiseth thin and nervous from the sharp appendix of Os Cuneiformis, and descending (by the internal Cavity of the Pterigoidis) is inserted by a small Tendon into that skinny part of the Pallat, from which the Ʋva seems to proceed.

Sphaenopharyngaeus secundus

ARiseth as the former, but is inserted not onely into the lateral, but also in∣to the posterior part of the Fauces.

To finde these, you must (after you have raised the Larinx and Oesophagus) leave the Fauces intire, and then divide the Fau∣ces themselves from the Os Palati, till you come into the Cavity; then carry your Knife close as you can internally to the Os Cuneiformis, and being so divided, you will easily finde both their origina∣tions, and may as easily dissect them: It was proposed to clear the external Coat off the Pharinx, and then to dissect these Muscles, and follow them to their origi∣nations.

Pterygoeideus externus sive Adducens

ARiseth from the external part of the Processus Aliformis in part, as also from the rough and sharp line of Os Cu∣neiformis, strong, nervous and fleshy, and so runs down large, and is inserted by a strong broad Tendon, into the internal part of the lower Mandible lateral, just under the Tendon of the temporal Muscle.

Pterygoeideus internus sive Abducens

ARiseth thick and short from the in∣ternal Cavity of the Process Alifor∣mis, first nervous, and then fleshy, and is inserted by a broad, strong and nervous Tendon, into the lower Mandible inter∣nally lateral: These two Muscles appear not, till the whole Dissection of the Tongue Larinx and Gala be fully com∣pleated.

Longus

ARiseth sharp and fleshy from the forepart of the Body, of the fifth Vertebre of the Thorax, where the Rib joyns himself to him, and so running up under the Oesophagus, is joyned to the sides of the bodies of all the Vertebres, ascending till he comes to the first of them, where meeting with Scalenus, they insert themselves by a sharp nervous Ten∣don into the transverse Process of the first Vertebre of the Neck.

Scalenus sive Triangularis

ARiseth from the first and uppermost Rib of the Thorax broad and fleshy, and then narrowing himself in his course upward, he bestows transverse Fibers upon all the transverse Processes of the Neck, and is inserted as the for∣mer.

Pectoralis

ARiseth first from the middle of the Clavicle, where he is most round and next the breast fleshy: Secondly, from the Sternon, according to his length, and is annexed to his Cartilages: Thirdly, from the Cartilages of the 6, 7 and 8 Ribs, and there is nervous in his origination, and so proceeds fleshy and large, till he comes to the lateral part of the Thorax, where he is converted into a short broad and strong Tendon, and inserted into Os Hu∣meri, according to his Longitude, be∣tween the Deltois and Biceps.

Subclavius

ARiseth fleshy from the rising part of the first Rib, where he is joyned to the Sternon, and running as it were trans∣versly, is inserted into that part of the Clavicula, that faceth the Rib and the Process Acromion, with a fleshy and broad end; others, and that many, invert his origination to his insertion, and so è con∣trario: This Muscle is left standing in dis∣section, unless for particular satisfaction.

Seratus Major Anticus

ARiseth from the eight lower Ribs with a Saw-like nervous and accute beginning, hence growing fleshy upon the Ribs, he ascends and inserts himself fleshy into the whole Basis of the Sca∣pula internally. This is controverted whether the origination and insertion be not è contrario.

Seratus Minor Anticus

ARiseth from the four first upper Ribs by so many Saw-like originations, and so descending towards the Scapula, narrows himself, and is inserted broad, fleshy and nervous into it.

Intercostales externi

HAve their originations from the trans∣verse Processes of the Back, where the Ribs are joyned, and so proceeding fleshy, fix themselves along from the lower part of the upper Rib external, to the upper part of the lower Rib external, and so proceed to the Cartilage of the Sternon.

Intercostales interni

HAve their origination where the Ribs begin to curvate internal, and run from the lower to the upper part of the Ribs, not onely to the Catilage, but un∣der that to the Os Pectoris sive Sternon.

Cremasteres

TAke their origination (from the ter∣mination of the transverse Muscle of the Abdomen) oblong, and tender with red, fleshy and right Fibers; and so pas∣sing through the Perforations of the Ab∣dominal Muscles, he joyns himself to the Spermatique vessels, and encompasseth the Testes.

Erector Penis

ARiseth from the Appendix of the Coxendix, below the beginning of the Penis, and proceeding nervous, be∣comes fleshy, and ascends obliquely, and is inserted laterally into the Penis.

Accelerator Penis

ARiseth fleshy from Sphinctor Ani, and joyning with his Partner internally lateral, and running up the forepart of the Penis, is inserted into the Vrethra.

Levatores Ani

ARise from the ligaments of the Pu∣bis Coxendix and Sacrum under the Bladder, small, thin, broad and membra∣nous, and are inserted into each side of the Podex; These are best discovered afore you remove the Intestinum rectum vesica, and parts adjacent.

Sphinctor Ani

ARiseth from the lower Vertebres of the Os Sacrum round and broad, ad∣joyning himself largely circular to the In∣testinum rectum with transverse Fibers, much thicker above then below, where he adheres so firmly to the Cutis, that it is very hardly divideable, which was the occasion that some took it for two, cal∣ling the last Cuticulosus.

Sphinctor Vesicae

IS placed Orbicular in the neck of the Bladder, scarcely distinguishable from the substance of it; onely where you finde a rotund induration, that is he.

Detrusor Ʋrinae

SAid to arise between the common and second proper Coat of the Bladder; the first proper Coat being properly his, if not him.

Diaphragma

HAth his origination from a Nerve in his own Center, and is inserted in the forepart to the Sternon and terminations of the true Ribs, and to the twelfth Rib; as also to the extremities of the bastard Ribs on the sides, and in the hinder part to the flesh, wanting Vertebres of the loyns, to which he is firmly annexed.

Here let the Body be turned upon its face.

Cuccularis

ARiseth fleshy from the inferior part of the Os Occipitis, and from the Spines of the Vertebres of the neck, and the eight upper Spines of the Vertebres of the Thorax, and springeth membra∣nous, broad, and running externally to∣wards the Scapula, grows narrower, and is inserted into the whole Spine of the Scapula, and near half his Basis, as also to part of the Clavicula, by a broad, nervous and fleshy termination. This Muscle is to be divided from his Partner, at their origination from the Spines of the Vertebres; and being so followed, and well cleared from the Os Occipitis, the Muscles underneath will the better appear.

Latissimus sive ani-scalptor

ARiseth from the Spines of the Ver∣tebres of the Thorax, from part of the Os Sacrum, as also from the up∣per part of the Os Ileon: Here his ori∣gination is meerly membranous, but run∣ning higher, so soon as it attains the cur∣vation of the Ribs, he grows fleshy, and in his ascension becoming narrower, is carried over the lower Angle of the Sca∣pula; and by a strong and short, but broad Tendon, he is implanted below the upper head of the Os Humeri, be∣tween the pectoral and rotund Muscles. Great care must be had, lest in the raising of this Muscle from his origination, you take up the origination of the subjacent Muscle Seratus inferior Posticus. If you take not great care, this Muscle will bor∣row from Quadratus Lumbi, as you raise him from the Ileon, to which he firmly adheres; as also near the Scapula, Sera∣tus Major Anticus will rise with him, unless carefully observed.

Rhomboidis

ARiseth broad and fleshy (immediately under the Cuccularis) from the Spi∣nal Processes of the three lower Ver∣tebres of the Neck, and three upper Vertebres of the Thorax; whence run∣ning with thin Fibres, he descends down to the Scapula, to whose whole Basis ex∣ternally he adheres broad and fleshy: In raising this, be careful that you do not raise the Tendon of Seratus superior Posticus, who lies just under him.

Levator Patientiae

ARiseth from the first, third, fourth and fifth transverse Processes of the Neck, and hath as many several origina∣tions, with their Interstitiums; These joyning, descend, and adjoyn to the whole superior side of the Rhomboidis, till it is inserted by a broad fleshy Ten∣don to the highest Angle of the Sca∣pula.

Rotundus

ARiseth fleshy from the lower Angle of the Scapula, and adhering fleshy to his lower Costa, proceeds, and having gone half way, deserts, and being in∣differently dilated, is inserted by a short, broad and strong Tendon into that part of the Os Humeri, where Pectoralis hath his insertion.

Superscapularis superior

ARiseth fleshy from the whole Basis of the Scapula, above the Spine, and going backward to the neck of it, there passeth under the second ligament of the Humeri, as the Biceps doth, and is in∣serted by a broad and strong Tendon, obliquely into the neck of the Os Hu∣meri.

Superscapularis inferior

ARiseth from almost the whole Basis of the lower part of the Scapula, and possessing the major part of that Ca∣vity fleshy, running backward, narrows himself according to the form of the part, and by a broad Tendon, is inserted into the ligament of Os Humeri.

Nonus Humeri Placentini

ARiseth sharp, and fleshy from the lowest Angle of the Scapula, at his Basis, and growing more fleshy to its Venter, decreases again, and terminates himself by a sharp Tendon into the liga∣ment of the Os Humeri.

Subscapularis

ARiseth fleshy from the whole internal Basis of the Scapula, and so running forward according to the dimension of the bone, narrows himself, and by a broad Tendon, is inserted into the fourth ligament of the Humeris.

If you please to take off the whole Arm with the Sca∣pula now, the Dissection of these following Muscles will be the easier per∣formed.

Deltois

ARiseth generally nervous, first, for∣ward from the middle of the Cla∣vicle, where he is broadest, next the Os Humeri: Secondly, from the top of the Scapula, where he is joyned to the Cla∣vicle: Thirdly, from the whole Spine of the Scapula; These originations present∣ly growing fleshy, descend, and narrow∣ing, becomes a strong Tendon, external∣ly fleshy, internally nervous, and is im∣planted transversly under the neck of the Os Humeri.

Biceps

ARiseth first externally from the top of the Acetabulum Scapulae, by a long and round Tendon, and so runs under the ligament of that juncture over the head of Os Humeri, and through a Channel insclupt for him there; where he is bound in by a proper ligament: Secondly, he ariseth broad, fleshy and nervous from the Process Anchoriformis, and is carried over the internal head of Os Humeri, and so descending, meets with the other, and makes one strong and fleshy Muscle, and narrowing himself, becomes a strong thick, large, round and nervous Ten∣don, and is inserted into an oblong Pro∣minence under the upper head of the Radius.

Octavus Humeri Placentini

ARiseth by a short and nervous origi∣nation, from the Process Anchorifor∣mis, near the origination of the Deltois, and so descending, becomes something long, large and fleshy, and is by a strong Tendon implanted into the middle of the Os Humeri.

Through the body of this Muscle doth pass a Nerve, which serves the rest of the Muscles. But in this Dissection the Masters had no perforation nor Nerve through him, for the Nerve ran by.

Brachieus

ARiseth (about the middle of the Os Humeri, near the insertion of the Deltois and Pectoralis) double, broad and fleshy, partly by the external, partly by the internal side of the said Bone, but joyning presently, and firmly adhering to the Bone: He in descension becomes large, till at last he terminates broad and fleshy in the ligament of the joynt, as well as in the Appendices of the Cubitus and Radius.

Gemellus Major

ARiseth doubly, first, broad and strong, partly fleshy, partly nervous, from the lower part of the Scapula, where it hath a peculiar Cavity a little under the neck of it, and growing fleshy, descends, and joyns himself to the internal side of the Os Humeri, where he meets with his other fleshy origination, and so making one, is carried down to the internal side of the Process of the Olecranium, and is there implanted.

Gemellus Minor

ARiseth nervous from the neck of the Os Humeri, and so becoming fleshy, descends to the middle of Os Hume∣ri, and mixeth himself with the for∣mer inseparably, and at length is insert∣ed partly fleshy, partly nervous, into the external side of the Olecranium.

Palmaris

ARiseth round and nervous from the internal extuberance of the Os Hu∣meri, presently becoming fleshy and nar∣row, about the midst of the Cubite is carried something obliquely, and is con∣verted into a long and round Tendon, and passing over the internal ligament of the Wrist, comes to the Palm, and there expands himself into a most broad Tendon, and is inserted laterally into the first joynts of the Fingers.

Caro Musculosa Quadrata

ARiseth from the Membrana Carnosa, under Mous Lunae, where the eighth Bone of the Carpus is placed, and from thence goes under Palmaris to the mid∣dle of the Palm, and is inserted into the outside of that Tendon that sepa∣rates the little Finger from the rest.

Flexor Carpi interior

ARiseth sharp, fleshy and nervous from the inner extuberance of the Os Hu∣meri, and so running fleshy the whole length of the Cubite to whom he ad∣heres, at the Wrist hath his insertion into the fourth bone of it, partly ner∣vous, partly fleshy.

Flexor Carpi exterior

ARiseth as the former from the same extuberance, and so running some∣thing transversly, (near the external part of Primi Digitorum flectentium) is fixed to the Radius; and a little before he comes to the Carpus, becomes a round Tendon, which cleaving to the transverse ligament, runs under him, and inlarging himself, is inserted in that Os Me∣tacarpi that stands before the little Finger.

Flexor secundi internodii perforatus

ARiseth round and nervous from the same part of Os Humeri, under the former, and so growing more broad and fleshy about the middle of Cubitus and Radius, something adhering to them, goes forward, and becomes totally round and fleshy near the Wrist, where he is divided into four fleshy portions, from which proceed so many round Ten∣dons; all which are involved in one pro∣per Mucaginous and thin Coat; and so running internally under the ligament, get through the Palm, and then distri∣bute to the first and second joynts of the four Fingers, as many Tendons which are perforated a little before their insertion, for transmission of the Ten∣dons of Tertii internodii Flexor.

Flexor tertii internodii perforans

ARiseth membranous some small part of him from the same extuberance as the former; the rest from the root of the forward Process of the Olecranium; then he becomes exactly round and fleshy, running under the former, and adhering on the internal side to the Cu∣biteus, on the external to the Primi Pol∣lici Flexor, and descending about the middle of the Cubite, they divide and make their progress through the Fisures of the other, and are inserted into the third joynt of the Fingers.

Flexor tertii internodii Pollicis

ARiseth round and fleshy from the Os Cubiti, and so running along by the Radius, to which he adheres; as also to the Membrain, that joyns the Cubitus and Radius, he comes to the Wrist, where he becomes a round nervous Tendon, having also a proper thin Mucaginous Mem∣brain, and so running forward, is inserted into the third joynt of the Thumb by a something broad Tendon.

Pronator Radii Teres

ARiseth from the root of the inward Prominens of the Os Humeri, and from the internal side of the Os Cubiti, and is there joyned by a large fleshy be∣ginning to the Radius; and so descend∣ing obliquely by his inner side, a lit∣tle above the middle, is implanted to him fleshy; from whence a nervous head proceeds, which is inserted into the ex∣ternal part of the Radius.

Pronator Quadratus

ARiseth from the inferior and inter∣nal part of the Cubite near the Wrist, running transversly over the ligament that joyns the Cubite and Radius, and so implants himself fleshy to the internal part of the Radius.

Flexores primi internodii

ARise round, long and slender from the Membrains that involve the Tendons of Tertii internodii Flexores, and so pas∣sing on fleshy, are inserted by a round nervous Tendon into the first joynts of the Fingers, and are best shown by raising one from his origination, and leaving him in his insertion, and the other e contrario.

Primi internodii pollicis flexor primus

ARiseth from the upper part of the An∣nular ligament near the Thumb fleshy, and ascending encompasseth the first joynt of the Thumb intirely, and is in∣serted into the head of that joynt fleshy.

Secundus

ARiseth fleshy partly from the same li∣gament, and partly from Os Carpi next the Thumb, and running under the other, is implanted into the same joynt, from the root, even to the middle of him.

Secundi internodii pollicis flexor primus

ARiseth broad, thin and fleshy from that Os Metacarpi that receives the fore-Finger, a little below his head, and running towards the Thumb, grows something Triangular, is inseretd by a membranous Tendon into the head of the second joynt of the Thumb, on the side next the fore-Finger.

Secundus

ARiseth broad and fleshy from the Os Metacarpi of the middle Finger, and running to the Thumb, is inserted into the middle of the second joynt of it.

Tertius

ARiseth broad and fleshy from the Os Metacarpi of the third Finger, and is implanted in the same place with the former.

Quartus

ARiseth fleshy from the Os Metacarpi of the little Finger, about the middle of it, and running under the other, is in∣serted into the same joynt as the former.

Minimi Digiti Abductor

ARiseth fleshy from the fourth bone of the Carpus, and so extending him∣self by the Metacarpe, is inserted into the external side of the first bone of the little Finger.

Pollicis Abductor

ARiseth nervous near the Flexor primi internodii pollicis, from the Os Carpi that sustains the Thumb, and becoming fleshy, implants himself by a membra∣nous Tendon into the first joynt of the Thumb.

Pollicis Adductor

ARiseth fleshy from the outward and hinder part of that Os Metacarpi that sustains the fore-finger, and is in∣serted fleshy and broad to the internal side of the Thumb at the first joynt.

Interossei

ARise fleshy, round and long from the bones of the Metacarpe, and at the roots of the Fingers become Tendons, and are inserted laterally from the first to the second joynts.

Extensor Carpi exterior

ARiseth from the edge which is above the exterior extuberance of the Os Humeri, by a broad nervous beginning; then growing more fleshy, he runs by the Radius according to its length, and be∣ing got half-way, he converts himself in∣to a strong Tendon, which presently di∣vides himself into two more broad, then thick, and so descending by the Radius, pass under the Annular ligament beyond the Carpus, and are inserted into the Os Metacarpi of the fore-Finger and se∣cond Finger.

Extensor Carpi interior

ARiseth from the root of the external eminency of the Os Humeri; as also from the top of the Cubite, and being carried according to his Longitude, near the Carpus is converted into a strong and round Tendon, by which he is inserted into a Sinus above the lower Appendix of the Cubite, and into the upper part of the Os Metacarpi of the little Finger.

Digitorum 2^di & 3ⁱⁱ internodii tensor

ARiseth partly fleshy, partly nervous from the external extuberance of the Os Humeri, and suddenly becoming more fleshy, descending between the two Ex∣tensors of the Carpus; and narrowing, divides himself into three round Ten∣dons, who are included in a common thin mucaginous Coat, and are so carried under the Annular ligament; passing which, they divide themselves, and are inserted into the fore, middle, and third Fingers, at the second and third joynts.

Minimi Digiti tensor

ARiseth sharp and nervous from the same part as the former, and for al∣most half-way is so united to him, that they seem all one; but coming to the transverse ligament, he becomes a round nervous Tendon, which is implanted into the first and second joynts of the little Finger.

Supinator Radii Longus

ARiseth fleshy from the middle of Os Humeri, and running obliquely over the Radius, at the bottom of it he be∣comes a membranous Tendon, and is fast∣ned to the upper part of the Appendix of the said Radius, tending something inward.

Pollicis tertii ossis tensor

ARiseth fleshy from the external part of the Cubite, where the ligament that joyns it and Radius grows membranous, and runs obliquely to the said Radius, whose Appendix so soon as it reacheth, it becomes a round Tendon, and getting un∣der the transverse ligament, is inserted in the third bone of the Thumb.

Secundi & tertii Pollicis tensor

ARiseth fleshy from the same place of the Cubite as the former, and ascends obliquely over the Radius, and divides himself into two unequal parts; yet sticking together, and is carried not onely in a proper ligament, but in a pro∣per Chanel at the Appendix of the Ra∣dius; the upper part remaining some∣thing fleshy, yet at last becomes a round Tendon, and is inserted into the Os Car∣pi that receives the Thumb; the other is presently subdivided into two small por∣tions of flesh, and they become Ten∣dons: The first of which is inserted into the root of the first joynt of the Thumb; the other by a Membrain fixeth him∣self to the second and third joynts of the Thumb.

Indicem Abducens

ARiseth with an exact fleshy beginning from the middle of the Cubite, and so running obliquely to the Appendix of the Radius, he becomes two Tendons, which by a proper Sinus in the said Ap∣pendix, are transmitted under the Annu∣lar ligament over the Metacarpe, and the upper Tendon is carried to the root of the little Finger; the other is implanted into the root of the second Finger, both obliquely.

Supinator Radii Brevis

ARiseth fleshy from the external part of the ligament of the lower head of the Os Humeri, and from the posterior Process of the Cubite, and running ob∣liquely (outwardly membranous, inwardly fleshy) recovers the middle of the Radius, and is there strongly implanted into it.

Primi internodii Extensores

ARise fleshy, long, round and slender from the bones of the Metacarpe, and so running to the roots of the Fin∣gers, are inserted laterally to the first and second joynts of the Fingers, and are to be raised as the Flexores primi internodii.

Here you return to the Body it self as it lyes.

Seratus Posticus superior

ARiseth very thin and membranous (just over the Splenius) from the Processes Spinal of the three last Verte∣bres of the Neck, and the first of the Thorax; and in his oblique progression towards the Convex, part of the Tho∣rax, he becomes fleshy, and is inserted into the four superior Costae by so many distinct terminations.

Seratus Posticus inferior

ARiseth thin and membranous from three, sometimes from four of the lower Spines of the Vertebres of the Back, and so marching transversly, be∣comes fleshy, and is inserted into the four inferior Costae, by so many distinct terminations.

Splenius sive Triangularis

ARiseth doubly, first from the Spines of the fifth, fourth, third, second and first Vertebres of the Thorax; Secondly, from the Spines of the five lower Ver∣tebres of the Neck, and so running broad and long, about the third Vertebre of the Neck both the originations joyn; and by oblique Fibers both Muscles insert themselves into the middle of the Occi∣put. You must throw off this from his originations, and preserve as many of his Ansulae as you can between the Spines, by running between and recovering his Tendon.

Trigeminus

ARiseth threefold; First, from the fourth and fifth transverse Processes of the Vertebres of the Thorax, and immediately becoming fleshy, ascends over the rest of those Vertebres, till he comes to the lowest Vertebre of the Neck, where he becomes a round Ten∣don; but not far off from thence he be∣comes fleshy again, and inserts himself into the middle of the Occiput: The se∣cond origination is by a short round Nerve from the same Processe of the last Vertebre of the Neck; and from thence becoming fleshy, is conjoyned with the other before his implantation: The third origination is partly fleshy, partly nervous, from the transverse Pro∣cesses of the first and second Vertebres of the Thorax; and running obliquely outward (after conjunction with the o∣thers) is inserted to the root of the Mammillary Process, bestowing an Ansu∣lae upon every transverse Process of the Cervix. To finde him fairly, divide the sides of Spinatus and Dorsi Longissimus, and his origination will more plainly ap∣pear.

Transversalis

ARiseth from the transverse Processes of the six superior Vertebres of the Thorax, and so growing thicker, is im∣planted externally into all the transverse Processes of the Neck.

Spinatus

ARiseth with many beginnings from the roots of the Spines of the seven uppermost Vertebres of the Thorax; and ascending, gets a Tendon out of every transverse Process of the Vertebres of the Neck, and is firmly implanted into the whole inferior part of the second Spine of those Vertebres, and there the right and left meet, and are indeed so united all the way, that they are neither divisible nor distinguishable, but by the Spine.

Recti Majores

ARise from the points of the Spines of the second Vertebre of the Neck, and ascending, are inserted into the middle of the Occiput.

Recti Minores

ARise under the other (from a small Tubercle of the first Vertebre of the Neck) round, and ascending, are implanted as the former underneath them.

Obliqui superiores

ARise from the external side of the Recti at their implantations, and de∣scending obliquely, are inserted into the Process of the first Vertebre of the Neck called Transverse.

Obliqui inferiores

ARise from the Spine of the second Vertebre of the Neck, and ascend∣ing obliquely, are inserted with the Obli∣qui superiores.

Dorsi Longissimus

ARiseth from all the Spines of the Os Sacrum, and Vertebres of the Loyns, and from the internal part of the Os Ileon (where he joyns himself to the Sacrum) his beginning is externally strong, nervous, and something accute, but within fleshy; and so ascending, fix∣eth himself to the transverse Processes of the loyns, and becomes more fleshy; then continuing his course, he narrows himself, and bestows a small nervous Tendon upon every transverse Process of the Thorax, but the twelth, and in∣serts himself into the said Process of the first Vertebre of the Thorax, though sometimes he makes his progress up to the Mammillary Process: In this Body it did terminate at the Mammillary Pro∣cess.

Sacrolumbus

HAth the same origination in toto with the Dorsi Longissimus, and adheres to him externally lateral, according to its Longitude, till it hath attained the twelfth Vertebre of the Thorax, where they seem to be two (although by Dis∣section to be divided most difficult) and so growing thinner, inserts himself by two small Tendons into every Rib of the Thorax at their incurvation.

Sacer

ARiseth from the external part of the Os Sacrum, where he is joyned to the Spine, and so arising fleshy, hath three several Tendinous insertions; The first into the upper part of the transverse Pro∣cesses of the Vertebre of the Loyns; The other into the roots of the same Pro∣cesses; and the third into every Spine of the same Vertebre. To finde Sacer (not dissected afore this Body) you must raise Dorsi Longissimus and Sacrolumbus from their membranous origination at Os Ileon, Os Sacrum, and from the Spines of the Lumbi, and immediately under that, will appear this in Situ, and in clearing him well, you will remove the scruple some make of the origination of Semispinatus and Spinatus, one begin∣ning where the other ends.

Semispinatus

ARiseth by a sharp beginning from the Spine of the last Vertebre of the Thorax, and becoming fleshy, bestows a nervous Tendon upon every Spine of the Vertebres, ascending, and terminates accutely in the Spine of the first Verte∣bre of the Thorax.

Quadratus

ARiseth from the hindermost and most superior Cavity of the Os Ileon, as also from the superior part of the Os Sacrum, broad, thick and fleshy; and so ascending over the Vertebres of the Loyns, he adheres to their transverse Pro∣cesses internally, and inserts himself, being grown narrower, to the internal part of the twelfth Rib fleshy.

Psoas

ARiseth livid and fleshy from the sides of the Bodies of the two last Verte∣bres of the Thorax, and the three upper∣most of the Loyns, and from their trans∣verse Processes descending something round, from the inner part of the Os Ile∣on to the Os Pubis, where he becomes a strong and round Tendon, and running through his Sinus, is implanted into the upper part of the lesser Rotator. In this Body there did appear Psoas Parvus, mentioned by Riolanus.

Now if you please to take off the Thigh from the Trunk of the Body, by dividing the Os Ileon from the Os Sa∣crum, the Dissection of the subsequent Muscles will be the better performed.

Illiacus internus

PRoceeds from the whole Spine of the Os Ileon, semicircular, broad, and inter∣nally fleshy; then narrowing, and grow∣ing thicker, becomes Tendinous, and passing through the same Sinus with the Psoas, is implanted into the same Rotator a little below him.

Gluteus Major

ARiseth first from the whole Spine of the Os Ileon externally: Secondly, from the lower part of the Os Sacrum laterally: Thirdly, from the Os Coccys large and fleshy, running down obliquely over the Juncture of the Coxendix; and growing narrower, is implanted by a broad and strong Tendon into the first impression of the great Rotator.

Gluteus Medius

ARiseth under the former, from the forepart of the Spine, as also from the back of Os Ileon, fleshy, broad, and semicircular, and descending oblique∣ly, narrows, and runs over the Juncture as the other, and is implanted by a broad, strong and membranous Tendon trans∣versly into the fourth impression of the great Rotator.

Gluteus Minor

ARiseth livid, broad, semicircular and fleshy about the lower part of the back of the Ileon, near the Acetabulum of the Coxendix, and so runs obliquely forward, fibrous, adhering to the liga∣ment that bindes in the head of the Os Femoris, and is implanted by a broad and strong Tendon into the third im∣pression of the great Rotator.

Piriformis

ARiseth round, thick and fleshy from the three lower Vertebres of the Os Sacrum, and running transversly, be∣comes a round Tendon, and is inserted into the fourth impression of the great Rotator.

Obturator internus

ARiseth fleshy and large from the Membrain internally, that covers the great perforation of the Os Pubis, and co∣vering the whole internal face of that bone and Coxendix, grows narrower, and sends forth three or four Tendons, which are carried through the Sinus of the Coxendix (which is arch'd over Secun∣dum Longitudinem with a strong liga∣ment) back wards to the external part of the Coxendix, where they are received in a fleshy purse, and so making one Tendon, are implanted into the Sinus of the great Rotator. This Muscle must be raised in∣ternally, and got through the Sinus un∣der the ligament, and then his purse will plainly appear. This by Riolanus is in its Marsupium made two, and called Quadragemini, but not to be dissected.

Quadrageminus

ARiseth fleshy from the external rising of the Os Ileon, and from the Ap∣pendix of the Coxendix, and runs broad, short and fleshy towards the hinder part of the great Rotator, and is inserted into that space of the bone which is between the two Rotators. The head of Lividus, and part of Triceps, must be thrown off, afore the origination of this will be well cleared, or Obturator externus found.

Obturator externus

ARiseth large and fleshy from the Membrain that encompasseth the perforation of the Os Pubis externally; and so running transversly to the back part of the Femor, becomes narrower, and is inserted by a strong Tendon into the Sinus of the great Rotator. Carry your Knife internally about the edge of the perforation of the Os Pubis, and he will arise the better.

Membranosus

ARiseth sharp, externally nervous, in∣ternally fleshy from the Spine of the Os Ileon (on that side that is forward next the Sartorius;) so descending, is joyned to the great Rotator, and then becomes broad, and nervously membra∣nous, encompassing in himself all the Muscles of the Thigh; then covering the Patella, Tibia and Fibula in the exte∣rior part of them, is there implanted. As much of this Membrain is to be kept as may be in Dissection, and the division of it to be made in the posterior part.

Sartorius

ARiseth sharp, fleshy and nervous from the forepart of the Spine of the Os Ileon; and then becoming fleshy and broad, runs obliquely internally over the Muscles of the Thigh, becoming Tendi∣nous and broad at the internal Appendix of the Os Femoris, and is implanted by a broad Tendon (say some) round (o∣thers) into the Tibia.

Gracilis

ARiseth large and nervous from the Os Pubis, according to the Longitude of its Cartilage; and so descending in∣ternally towards the Ham fleshy, there becomes a round Tendon at the internal head of the Os Femoris, inserting him∣self into the Tibia beneath the former.

Rectus

ARiseth sharp and nervous from the small internal extuberance of Os Ileon, and then growing fleshy and round, when he comes to the Patella, he ex∣pands himself into a broad strong Ten∣don, covering it intirely, and running downward, is inserted into the exter∣nal part of the Tibia, at a Prominency provided for him.

Vastus externus

ARiseth broad and nervous from the root of the great Rotator, cleaving to the upper and external part of the Os Femoris, so descending fleshy to the Pa∣tella, he becomes a membranous broad Tendon, and mixing with the Tendon of the Rectus, makes the same Tegu∣ment for the Patella, and hath the same insertion.

Vastus internus

ARiseth nervous from part of the great Rotator, and from the neck of the Os Femoris; and growing fleshy, adheres to the forward and internal part of the said Os Femoris, and recovering the Patella, he there with the other two for∣mer mixeth himself, covers the Patella, and takes his insertion in the same place as they do.

Biceps

ARiseth, first, sharp and nervous from the Appendix of the Os Coxendix, and growing fleshy, runs down external∣ly, and being got half-way, he attenuates, and grows nervous, as if tending to a Tendon, where he joyns himself with his other head, which arises from the Os Femoris, where Gluteus Major hath his insertion; and so growing thicker, out∣wardly nervous, becomes a strong Ten∣don, and runs through the external Sinus of the external part of the head of Os Femoris, and fixeth himself firmly to the external side of the upper Appen∣dix of the Fibula.

Semimembranosus

ARiseth where the former did with a small membranous beginning, and running downward by the back part of the Thigh, continues membranous half his progress, and then becomes more fleshy and thick, and in the Ham by a round Tendon, inserts himself into the internal side of Tibia.

Seminervosus

ARiseth small and nervous from the same Appendix as the former, and continuing so half-way in his descension, then becomes fleshy, running by the back part of the Os Femoris to the Ham, near which he becomes a round Tendon, and reflecting himself, is inserted in the forepart of Tibia.

Triceps

ARises with three heads: the first fleshy, and nervous from the Appendix of the Coxendix, which growing big-belly'd, delates himself by the hinder part of the Femor, and growing smaller, ends in a round Tendon at the internal head of the said Os Femoris: The second ariseth fleshy from the Coxendix at his conjun∣ction with the Pubis, and terminates himself at the root of the less Rotator: The third ariseth fleshy from the lower part of the Os Coxendix, and is implant∣ed into the Linea aspera of the said Os Femoris.

Lividus

ARiseth broad and fleshy from the forepart of the Os Pubis, near his Cartilage, descending obliquely, and is inserted by a large and short Tendon to the internal side of the Os Femoris near his middle.

Gasterocnemius externus

ARiseth broad & fleshy from the inter∣nal head of Os Femoris, as also from the external head of the same bone; so de∣scending according to their originations, about midway they are united and con∣verted into one intire, broad, strong and nervous Tendon, and become one with the Tendon of Gasterocnemius internus, and insert themselves into the posterior part of the Os Calcis.

Plantaris

ARiseth fleshy, round and slender (un∣der the former) from the external head of Os Femoris, and after some di∣latation, he becomes a slender round Ten∣don, and running obliquely from the ex∣ternal, internally between both the Ga∣sterocnemii, and being joyned with their Tendon near the Heel laterally, running forward, inserts himself (after dilatation over the Sole of the Foot) into each of the five Toes at the first joynt. The di∣latation of this Muscle over the Sole of the Foot, as also his insertions will not be found, unless you allow him to insert himself into Flexor primi internodii, at his origination in the Cavity of the Os Calcis.

Gasterocnemius internus

ARiseth livid, strong and nervous from the posterior Appendix of the Fi∣bula, and growing larger, adheres both to that and Tibia, and descending, at half-way, he becomes narrower, and Tendinous, making one with the for∣mer in origination and insertion.

Suppopliteus

ARiseth broad and nervous from the external head of Os Femoris, and growing fleshy, runs obliquely to the posterior and internal part of the Root of the upper Appendix of the Tibia, and is there implanted.

Flexor Digitorum tertii internodii perforans

ARiseth fleshy and long from the back part of the Tibia, running and ad∣hering according to its Longitude, to the middle of it, and there becoming a Ten∣don, is carried to the internal Maleolus; where he becomes round, and is car∣ried under the ligament that proceeds from the lower Appendix of the Tibia to the Os Calcis, and then divides him∣self into four Tendons, which terminate in the third joynts of the four lesser Toes.

Tibiaeus posticus

ARiseth fleshy from the ligament that joyns the Fibula and Tibia, accord∣ing to their Longitude, and from both bones backward, and becomes a round Tendon at or near the internal Maleo∣lus; where being bound by a strong li∣gament, he overruns him, and recovering the Sole of the Foot, is inserted into the inferior part of that Os Tarsi that joyns himself with Os Cubiformis.

Flexor Pollicis

ARiseth sharp and fleshy about the middle of the posterior part of the Fibula, descending larger near the inter∣nal Maleolus, runs obliquely under the said Maleolus, and is inserted into the third joynt of the great Toe. Under this ligament lie the Os Sesamoides.

Flexor secundi internodii perforatus

ARises fleshy and membranous from the extremity of Os Calcis, and marching half-way the Sole of the Foot, divides himself into four round Ten∣dons, which at their insertion into the second joynts of the four lesser Toes, are perforated for the transmission of the Tertii internodii flexor.

Flexor primi internodii digitorum

ARise round and fleshy from the Ten∣dons of Tertii internodii flexor, and are inserted by small Tendons laterally to the first joynts of the Toes. If you examine this carefully; you shall finde these to have their origination from a musculous portion of flesh, seated in the internal Cavity of Os Calcis, and pro∣ceeding fleshy half the Sole, there makes these, and from him sometimes proceeds a Tendon to the first of the Toes, and makes Secundi internodii; as also you shall always finde, That the Tendon of the Tertii internodii flexor runs through the body of this, and is not perfectly divisible.

Abducens Pollicem

ARiseth nervous from the internal part of the Heel, and from the ligament that keeps that and the Talus together; and so growing fleshy and round, be∣comes Tendinous, inserting himself into the lateral part of the first Juncture of the great Toe.

Abducens minimum digitorum

ARiseth nervous from the external part of the Heel, growing fleshy, in his progress is adjoyned by a small fleshy Tendon to the Os Metatarsi, preceding Minimus Digitorum, running forward with another to Digitorum Minimus, laterally.

Transversalis Placentini

ARiseth from the ligament of the first Juncture of the little Toe fleshy, running transversly over all the first joynts of the Toes, and inserts himself into the first joynt of the great Toe in∣ternally lateral.

Tibiaeus Anticus

ARiseth sharp and fleshy from the up∣permost Appendix of the Fibula and Tibia forward, as also from the ligament that bindes them together; then being dilated, is about the middle of the Tibia narrowed, growing into a Tendon strong and round, running obliquely over the Tibia, and under the Annular ligament, is implanted into the internal side of that Os Tarsi that is before Os Pollicis.

Peroneus primus

ARiseth strongly nervous from the up∣per Appendix of the Fibula, descend∣ing, he adheres to the external part of it, being round externally, livid internally, next the Muscles red, coming half-way, he becomes a Tendon, running obliquely backward through the Sinus under the external Maleolus, and is inserted into the Root of Os Tarsi, that adjoyns to the Os Pollicis.

Proneus secundus

ARiseth long and fleshy from the Fi∣bula, to which he adheres; and ha∣ving made half his progress, becomes a round Tendon, running to the back part of the Fibula under the external Maleo∣lus, is implanted by two Tendons into that Os Tarsi adjoyning to Minimus Di∣gitorum; In this body but one Tendon.

Tensor Pollicis

BEgins fleshy from the Fibula, where he parts from the Tibia; as also from the ligament that joyns them, to which he sticks strongly, and so becoming a Tendon, runs over the lower part of the Fibula, and under the transverse li∣gament, and is inserted into all the three joynts of the great Toe.

Extensor secundi internodii digitorum

ARiseth broad and fleshy from the transverse ligament upon the top of the Foot, and then seems to divide him∣self into four several Muscles; which coming to the Toes, send forth Tendons to the first joynt of each Toe, but more especially to the second joynts, where they are joyned to their ligaments.

Interossei

ARiseth fleshy from the sides of the bones of the Foot, and are inserted by something broad, but short Tendons, into the first bones of the Toes.

The reduction of the Muscles each to his proper use and part.

THe Forehead is lifted up by Frontalis.

The Eye-brows,

• The upper
  • Lifted up by Aperiens Rectus.
  • Deprest by Claudens superior.
• The nether lifted up by Claudens inferior.

The Eyes are moved

• Rightly
  • Upward by Attollens.
  • Downward by Deprimens.
  • Inward by Adducens.
  • Outward by Abducens.
• Obliquely
  • Downward externally by Circumagens exterior.
  • Upward internally by Circumagens interior.

The Nose is

• Dilated by
  • ...Primus Aperiens.
  • ...Secundus Aperiens.
• Contracted by
  • ...Primus Constringens.
  • ...Secundus Constringens.

The Lips are

• Lifted up by Attollens.
• Drawn laterally by Abducens.
• Drawn down by Deprimens.
• Pursed up by Labium Constringens.

The Cheeks are

• Drawn downward by Platasma Muodes.
• Drawn inward by Buccinator.

The nether Mandible is drawn

• Upward by Temporalis.
• Downward by Digastricus.
• Laterally by Massetor.
• Forward by Pterigoideus externus.
• Backward by Pterigoideus internus.

The Ears which are moved

• Externally
  • Upwards by Attollens.
  • Downwards by Deprimens.
  • Forward by Adducens.
  • Backward by Abducens.
• Internally
  • By Externus.
  • By Internus.

The Tongue is moved

• In Constriction by the Lingualis.
• In Dilatation by the Lingualis.
• Forward by Geneoglossus.
• Backward by Hypsioglossus.
• Upward by Myleoglossus.
• Downward by Ceratoglossus.
• Laterally by Styloglossus.

The Os Hy∣oidis is mo∣ved

• Rightly
  • Upwards by
    • ...Mylohyoideus.
    • ...Geneohyoideus.
  • Downwards by Sternohyoideus.
• Obliquely
  • Upwards by Styloceratohyoideus.
  • Downwards by Caracohyoideus.

The Fauces are

• Dilated by
  • ...Sphaenopharyngaeus primus.
  • ...Spaenopharyngaeus secundus.
• Contracted by
  • ...Oesophagiaeus.
  • ...Cephalopharyngaeus.
  • ...Stylopharyngaeus.

The La∣rinx is

• Dilated
  • when Thyroidis is
    • Extended by
      • ...Sternothyroideus.
      • ...Cricoarytenoideus Anticus.
    • Bended by Hyothyroideus.
• Contracted
• Shut
• Opened
  • while the A∣rytenoi∣dis is
    • Bent
      • Rightly by Thyroarytenoideus.
      • Obliquely lateral by Arytenoideus.
    • Extended
      • Rightly by Cricoarytenoideus posticus.
      • obliquely lateral by Cricoarytenoidens lateralis.

The Head is

• Bended by
  • ...Mastoideus,
    • Rightly if both move.
    • Laterally if but one.
• Extended by
  • ...Splenius sive Triangularis.
  • ...Trigeminus.
  • ...Recti Majores.
  • ...Recti Minores.
• Turn'd a∣bout by
  • ...Obliqui superiores.
  • ...Obliqui inferiores.

The Neck is

• Bent by
  • ...Longus.
  • ...Scalenus sive Triangularis.
• Extended by
  • ...Transversalis.
  • ...Spinatus.

The Thorax is mo∣ved

• Primarily by his proper Muscles, which do
  • Dilate in breathing
    • freely the Diaphragma alone contracted.
    • Coactively Diaphragma and Intercostales externi.
  • Constringe in breathing
    • freely Diaphragma alone relaxt.
    • Coactively Diaphragma and Intercostales interni.
  • Extend as
    • ...Dorsi Longissimus
    • ...Semispinatus
    • ...Sacrolumbus
    which are retaind in loco by
    • ...Serratus minor Posticus.
    • ...Serratus major Posticus.
  • Bend as
    • ...Musculi Recti Abdominis.
    • ...Obliqui Ascendentes Abdominis.
  • Turn about Transversi.
• Secondarily by the
• Lumbal Muscles, as
  • Bent by Quadratus.
  • Extended by the Sacer.

The Abdo∣men is prest

• Laterally by
  • ...Obliqui Ascendentes.
  • ...Obliqui Descendentes.
• Forward by the Recti.
• Downward by
  • Piramidales sometimes,
  • or Transversi.

The Loyns are

• Bent by Quadratus.
• Extended by Sacer.

The Stones are raised by Cremasteres.

The Bladder

• Retains by Sphincter Vesicae.
• Excreates by
  • ...Detrusor Ʋrinae.
  • ...Piramidales.
  • ...Obliqui Ascendentes Abdominis.

The Anus is

• Pursed up by Sphincter Ani.
• Elevated by Levatores Ani.

The Penis is

• Erected by Erectores.
• Accelerated by Acceleratores.

The Scapula is moved

• Variously by Cucullaris.
• Upward by Levator Patientiae.
• Backward by Rhomboides.
• Forwardly upwards by Serratus Minor Anticus.
• Forwardly downwards by Serratus Major Anticus.

The Os Hu∣meri is mo∣ved

• Forward by Pectoralis.
• Upwards by
  • ...Deltoidis.
  • ...Octavus Humeri Placentini.
• Downwards by Rotundus.
• Is carried about towards the
  • External part by
    • ...Superscapularis inferior.
    • ...Superscapularis superior.
    • ...Nonus Humeri Placentini.
  • Internal part by Subscapularis.

The Cubite is

• Extended by
  • ...Gemellus Major.
  • ...Gemellus Minor.
• Bended by
  • ...Biceps.
  • ...Brachieus.

The Radius is

• Pronated by
  • ...Quadratus.
  • ...Teres.
• Supinated by
  • ...Longus.
  • ...Brevis.

The Carpus is

• Bended by
  • ...Flexor Carpi interior.
  • ...Flexor Carpi exterior.
• Extended by
  • ...Extensor Carpi interior.
  • ...Extensor Carpi exterior.

The Fingers are

• Bended by
  • ...Flexor primi internodii.
  • ...Flexor secundi internodii.
  • ...Flexor tertii internodii.
• Extended by
  • ...Primus extendentium Digitorum.
  • ...Secundus extendentium Digitorum.
  • ...Interossei extendentium Digitorum.
• Moved laterally by
  • ...Interossei.
  • ...Abductor Minimi.
  • ...Abductor Indicis.

The Thumb is

• Bended
  • First, by
    • ...Flexor primi internodii primus.
    • ...Flexor secundi ejusdem internodii.
  • Secondly, by
    • ...Primus Flexor internodii.
    • ...Secundus Flexor internodii.
    • ...Tertius Flexor internodii.
    • ...Quartus Flexor internodii.
  • Thirdly, by Tertii internodii Flexor.
• Extended by
  • ...Extensor primus.
  • ...Extensor secundus.
• Moved
  • Laterally internal by Abducens.
  • Laterally external.

The Thigh is

• Extended
  • Obliquely
    • Backward by Gluteus Major.
    • Forward by Gluteus Medius.
  • Rightly by Gluteus Minimus.
• Bended
  • Rightly by
    • ...Psoas.
    • ...Iliacus internus.
  • Obliquely by
    • ...Triceps.
    • ...Lividus.
• Moved about
  • Upward by Piriformis.
  • Inward by Obturator externus.
  • Outward by Obturator internus.
  • Backward by Quadrageminus.

The Leg is

• Bended by
  • ...Sartorius.
  • ...Gracilis.
  • ...Seminervosus.
  • ...Semimembranosus.
  • ...Biceps.
• Extended by
  • ...Membranosus.
  • ...Rectus
  • ...Vastus
    • ...externus.
    • ...internus.
• Obliquely moved by Suppopliteus.

The Anckle is

• Extended by Gasterocnemius
  • ...externus.
  • ...internus.
• Bended by
  • ...Tibiaeus Anticus.
  • ...Peroneus secundus.
• Moved obliquely lateral
  • Internally by Tibiaeus posticus.
  • Externally by Peroneus primus.

The four les∣ser Toes are

• Bended by
  • Perforans in the third Joynt.
  • Lumbricales in the first Joynt.
  • Perforatus in the second Joynt.
• Extended by
  • Interossei in the first Joynt.
  • ...Secundi internodii Tensor.
  • ...Tertii internodii Tensor.
• Obliquely moved by
  • ...Interossei.
  • ...Minimi digiti Abductor.

The great Toe is

• Bended by Flexor.
• Extended by Tensor.
• Obliquely moved by Abductor.

The first Joynts of the Toes are kept together by Transversalis Placem.

The Skin

• of the Sole of the Foot is moved by Plantaris.
• of the Palm of the Hand by
  • ...Palmaris.
  • ...Caro Musculosa quadrata.