The English academy a drawing book, containing variety of examples of the external parts of men, women, and childrens bodies with the shapes of several creatures frequently used amongst heralds, gold-smiths, &c. : likewise, the arts of drawing, etching, engraving in copper and wood, painting and limning, all being carefully performed : wherein the aforesaid arts are exemplified, with plain and easie directions to guide you to their attainment with much delight : also the real method how to wash or colour globes, maps, pictures, landskips, flowers, fruits, birds, beasts, fish and fowl : a vvork worthy acceptation of all those that are friends to art, as, drawers, embroiderers, stone-cutters, carvers, gold smiths, needle-workers, gum-workers, &c. performed according to the order of the first and most eminent masters of proportion, viz. / P.L., H.G., P.R., H.B.

Of Washing and Colouring; of Maps and Pictures; Discovering how to prepare them for Colours, with their Ʋse, Order and Mix∣tures.

THAT Prints or Maps may lie smooth when pasted upon Paper or Cloth, first wet or damp your Prints with a Spunge or Cloth, but be careful that you wet them as the Paper will bear it; Af∣ter you have so done, take your Paste, made either of Wheat-flower or of starch; and with a brush spread it all over the Paper or Cloth you intend to put it upon, then take the sheet you damp'd, and lay it upon another part of the Board you paste upon, and lay your Print upon the Paper or Cloth, and smooth it down with your hand; and so do by as many as your occasion requires, and then either press them; or if you have not conveniencie take a sheet or two of that Paper you pasted your Prints upon, and lay upon the Prints you pasted, but let the Paper be dry, then with your hands rub it all over hard, to cause your painted Prints to stick fast every where; as you take them one from another, if you perceive any swelling or rising of the Paper like blisters, then take the point of a Pin or Needle, and prick the same, and that will let out the wind that lies underneath, and so cause it to lie smooth, if you rub it with your hands; and then hang them on lines to dry.

You may prepare them to make them bear Colours and Varnish, but first observe how to paste on Cloth, which is thus, wet your Maps or Prints you intend to paste, as before you were to wet the Paper you were to paste upon, and then let them lie, while you wet the Cloth or sheet you intend to paste upon, thus put the Cloth into a pale of water, and be sure it be throughly wet, and after wring it out, and nail it fast at the top, bottom and sides, so that it may be strain'd smooth and even; this done, take your Print wet as beforesaid, and with your brush paste your sheet you intend to place first or uppermost, and be sure the paste lie all over, and then place it upon your Cloth, and after take a Spunge with a little water in it, and so smooth and strike it firme to the Cloth, thus do one after another until all are pasted.

To strengthen your Print to bear Colours and Varnish, there are three ways; either with size, or which is best of all with Paste, or with starch. If you use size, put some fair water to it, or it will soil much; when your starch or paste is boyl'd, use it until it be cool; for if it will not strengthen your Print so much, being cold, with your Spunge be sure you rub it all over with your Paste, or else if you miss, some parts will bear the Colours, and other parts will not. After it is once dry, go it over again a second time with paste, and then after it is through dry you need not fear to lay on your Colours,

How to choose your Pencils.

Be sure they be fullest next the Quill, falling off with a round sharp point; if there be any stragling Hairs, take them away by the touch of the flame of a Candle, you must have several Pencils for several Co∣lours, or else be sure to wash your Pencil clean, when you take it from one colour to use it with another, or else you will endanger the spoil of all your Colours, you also must have of several sizes, as your Work requires.

To make Gum-Water.

Take a quart of clean water, and put it into a Bottle or earthen Pan, then take six Ounces of Gum Arabeck, and put it into a clean linnen Rag, and tie it up with a thread, put that in, let it dissolve in the water; if it prove too strong, put in more water; if too weak, put in more Gum.

The Names of such Colours that must be wash'd.

• ...ELEWES.
  • Blew B se.
  • Indiga.
  • Blew Verditer.
• ...GREENS.
  • Verdigreece.
  • Sap Green.
  • Copper Green.
• ...REDS.
  • Vermillion.
  • Lake.
  • Red-lead.
• ...YELLOWS.
  • French-berries
  • Saffron.
  • Light Mastic••t.
  • Cambuga.
• ...WHITES.
  • White-lead pickt fine.
• ...BROWNS.
  • Spanish brown.
  • umber, or Hair-colour.
• ...BLACKS.
  • Franck fort-black
  • Ivory burnt.
  • Small-coal black.
  • Sea-coal black.
  • Lamb-black.

All these must be very well ground before they can be used.

How to order your Colours.

Having very well ground those Colours to be ground; put them up∣on a Chalk-stone to dry, when they are dry, lay them up carefully until you use them, then mingle them with Gum-water

Those Colours that you must wash put into a Galley-pot and cover them with fair water, and stir them with a stick very well, and after they have stood a while, pour off that water into another Galley-pot; and let the second stand until it be setled, then pour the same water back again into the first pot, and stir it again as before, then pour it into the second pot, as before, and this do three or four times; and then at last when the colour is well setled in the second pot, throw the water quite away, and then use that colour that is in the second pot.

The colour in your first pot will serve for your course work.

Blew Bise well wash'd is best, but use no Smalt in washing your Prints.

A Liquor to be used with some Colours.

Take an ounce of Pot-ashes of the best, and one Gallon of River-water, then brush your Ashes to powder, and put it into your water, and boil it a little while, then set it to settle, after pour off that which is clear, and keep that for your use.

For a sky Colour.

Let the upper part be the saddest blew, and the next lighter, and next that a flesh colour mix'd with some of the last and the lowest of all flesh colours, wrought with light yellow at your pleasure, and for the clouds your Judgment may direct, they being so various.

To make a Copper-Green.

Take an ounce of white Orgal, and four ounces of Copper-dust, to be had at the Copper-Smiths, and a pinte of fair Water, and boil it half away, then after it hath stood and setled, pour off the thinnest, and keep for your use, if you would have it a Sea-green, then put into it some blew Vorditor, and if a Grass-Green, then put in some French Berry-water, or some Cambuga.

For a Red Crimson.

Take off your Liquor made with Pot-ashes, as before is mentioned, and adde to it some rain-water, and then take Scarlet-flocks or shreds, steep them with ordinary Gum-water; but note, you must let your Colours boil in the Liquor you steep them in a little while; and then put in your ordinary Gum-water, or weak size, and let them boil together until they are thick for your use.

For an Oringe Colour.

Take Ornotto and boil it in the aforesaid Liquor, and it will make a fair Oringe colour.

To make a good blew.

Take Litmus and wet it in the aforesaid liquour, let it stand all night, and then boil it in weak size or Gum-water, and if it be too sad, adde lime water to it, and if you would have it a fair purple adde White-wine vinegar to it.

To make a fair Crimson.

Take the best Brazil ground or shaved, put of the aforesaid Liquor to it, and let it stand all night, then boil it with weak size, or ordinary Gum-water, till the colour is to your minde: try it with a stick upon your Nail, when it fades put Powder of Allum into it to strike it lighter.

Colours that set off best together in Shadows

• WHITE sets off with all Colours.
• GREEN sets off with Red, Browns or Purples.
• RED sets off with Red, Brown, or Purple.
• YELLOW sets off with Purple, Red, Green or Brown.
• BLEW sets off with White, Red, Brown, Yellow o•• Black.
• BROWN sets off with Green or Yellow.

Colours that must be Ground.

• Indigo
• Lake
• White-Lead
• Spanish brown
• Frankfort-black
• Umber
• Ivory burnt
• Small Coal These must be wash•• after they are Ground
• Sea Coal These must be wash•• after they are Ground

Colours that must be wash'd.

• Blew Bice
• Red Lead
• Sap Green.
• Cambuga.