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Of Cornishes and Mouldings in Perspective.
IN pursuit of Columns, which are the principal Ornament of Architecture, we will set the Cornishes or Mouldings, with their Projectors, which we have not set hitherto, for fear of giving confusion to the Elevations, which it behoveth to be understood with clearness and easiness.
It is true that there are not many Buildings made, which have not some few Mouldings and Projector for their Ornament, for to make them more pleasing to the eye: where-I thought fit to set here the manner, not of framing them, seeing that dependeth on the pleasure of every one, nor to give them their Measures and Projectors, for that were to oblige my self to sit down here, the Orders of Architecture, and a thou∣sand other Inventions of Ornaments, which one may finde elsewhere, and which I suppose are known. But only to set them into Perspective, according to the Orders following, when any shall have occasion for such an Order.
For to set then the Ornaments for a Pilaster in Perspective, we must take the Mea∣sures upon the middle line of some other with its Ornaments, as is A B, of which ha∣ving taken the bredth, and made a square Plane in the ordinary way; and from this square to elevate from all the Angles Perpendiculars, we shall frame the body or so∣lid part of the Pilaster.
Then we must only take that which projects it self from the body; for example, the base of the Pilaster C, and transport its measures as in D E. for to set it in Per∣spective round about the Pilaster: we must from the point of distance F draw a line Diagonal, which passeth forth of the square to the point E unto G, it is no matter for the length: Then from the point A to make a Ray passing to the lower part of the Projector H; and at the point where this Ray shall divide the Diagonal at I, it shall be the advancement of the whole base: the same Ray A H shall give the Projector of the bottom, by dividing the other Diagonal at the point K: Then for the Projector be∣fore, we must from the point I draw a Parallel to the base, until that it divide the Di∣agonal, which shall give the other Corner of the Projector before at the point L; then drawing lines of the height of the Base unto these points, as are M to L, from D to I, from N to K, you shall have the bredth and the hight of all the Base; The Capitall is made of the same fashion. Here is for the first figures above.
Those below shall Cause the rest to be known, and shall avoid Confusion. For the Pilasters O, we must observe that above P, where the line D H, bereth all the sections of the base; Wherefore from the point of sight A, we must draw Rays, the which passing by the divisions of D H, must marke them upon the lines D I, and N K; And drawing Parallels from the points of D I, to M L, there will be no more then to give the Turnings about, or wheelings as the shape of the Colum. When you shall meet with squares, or Flat-bands, either above or below they are made by Perpendicular. As for to make the Plinth, you must raise Perpendiculars from the Points L I K; the from the point of sight A, to pass by the Corner of the Plinth Q, it will give the height upon the Perpendicules I, and K. Then L must be equall to L.
I beleeve that this Instruction for the Base, will suffice for to make the Capitall be∣ing the same Order. This last Pilaster R, is only for to cause one to be seen without being mingled with lines. We have broken them, for to make the Bases and Capitall to be seen, not having had space Enough for to make them appeare whole,