Monitio logica, or, An abstract and translation of Burgersdicius his logick by a gentleman.

CHAP. IV. Of Substance.

Ax. 1. A Substance is a Being subsisting of it self, and subject to Accidents.

That which in Latin is call'd Substantia, or Sub∣stance, is in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, from the Word signifying To be.

To subsist by it self is nothing else but not to be in any thing as a Subject; and agrees to all Sub∣stances, even to God, but to be subject to Acci∣dents only to Finite; For God is not subject to Accidents, as I said before.

Ax. 2. Substance is either First or Second.

Ax. 3. The First is a Singular Substance, or that which is not said of a Subject; as Alexander, Bu∣cephalus.

Ax. 4. The Second a Universal, or that which is said of a Subject; as, Man, Horse. For Man is said of Alexander and Philip; and Horse of Buce∣phalus and Cyllarus.

Ax. 5. The Notes of Substances are six; First, A Substance is not in a Subject.

Ax. 6. Secondly, Substances are said of others Sy∣nonimously.

The first Note agrees to all and only Substan∣ces. Enough of which is said in the Definition of Substance. The Second only to the Second Sub∣stances. For the First are not said of a Subject; the Second are said of the First Synonimously, that is, as to Name and Definition.

Ax. 7. Thirdly, A Substance signifies 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or, this something.

To signifie this Something, is nothing else but to be Something Singular, which may be demonstra∣ted with the Finger. This Note agrees only with the First Substances. For although Second Sub∣stances in the Scheme of Category, that is, Figure of Predication, may seem to signifie this Something, yet in truth they signifie 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, What Something; not indeed of themselves primarily, but upon the account of the Differences of which they are constituted: For Second Substances sig∣nifie a Nature affected with a Difference, which is nothing else but some Essential Quality.

Ax. 8. Fourthly, A Substance hath no Contra∣ry.

That is, not by reason of their Substance but Qua∣lities; as Heat and Cold, Driness and Moisture, Weight and Lightness, &c.

Ax. 9. Fifthly, A Substance receives not more or less.

That is, is not intended or remitted. This is understood of one and the same Substance, which in succession of Time, cannot be made more a Substance in Genus or Species than it was be∣fore. So Man and Stone cannot be made more a Substance, or more a Man and Stone than they were before.

Ax. 10. Sixthly, One and the same Numerical Substance receives Contraries.

That is, A Substance, altho' it has receiv'd Con∣traries, remains still the same Substance as it was before. So cold Water, altho' by a Mutation it becomes hot, yet it is not another Substance, but remains still of the same Nature as it was before.